10

Science Learning
Activity Sheet
Quarter 3- LAS 3
Nervous System
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Nervous System

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheet

Writer: Johnpaul C. Capolinas
Editor: Ingrid Sagales
Reviewer: Juliet B. Montebon,
Illustrator: Julio Cañega
Lay-out: Erdenan S. Labrador
Management Team
Chairperson : Lani H. Cervantes
Vice-Chairperson: Mario Rodgie R. Sombilon
Members: Alejandro S. Almendras
Allan O. Celedonio Maria Pia B. Chu Elvin H. Wenceslao
Melvin A. Baldomar Emma A. Porcadilla Evelyn R. Tulagan
Maria Lily N.Quiamco Jereza C. Matiga Eva A. Sios-e
Ethel M. Salinas Uldarico N. Bojos Jr.
Maria Cristina N.Labor Marylyn S. Tagalog

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region VIII – Schools Division of Ormoc City
Office Address: Narra St., Brgy. Don Felipe Larrazabal, Ormoc City, Leyte
Telefax:
E-mail Address: ciddepedormoc@gmail.com
 Explore
What we think and feel, how we learn and remember, and how we move and speak
are all regulated by the brain. However, it also regulates things we aren't aware of, such as
the rate at which our hearts beat and how our food is digested.

This module will provide you with information and simple activities that will help you
understand our nervous system and how it works.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe how the nervous system coordinates and regulates these feedback mechanisms
to maintain homeostasis (S10LT-IIIc-36)
2. Measure the length of time of response to catch a dropped object.
3. Value the importance of our nervous system upon knowing its crucial functions in our
body.

Learn

A. Direction: You have learned a lot from your previous lesson. Let’s recall some of the
terms that you have encountered. Below are descriptions of different terms relating to the
past lessons and the jumbled letters which will form the correct term. Your task is to
rearrange the jumbled letters to form the term being described. Do this on a separate sheet
of paper.

A chemical substance produced in the body that

1. controls and regulates the activity of certain cells or HENOMRO
organs.
The monthly changes by the hormones that take place
2. MOITAURTSNEN
in the female reproductive system.
Influence female traits and support reproductive
3. OEIRAVS
function

Your nervous system connects all your body parts and transmits signals from one
part to another. It is a system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body’s
responses to internal and external stimuli. Each part of the nervous system has a specific
role as it functions as an important part of a system.

B. Direction: Match the function in column A with the appropriate structure in column B.
Write the letter only of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. center of emotion a. amygdala
_____2. relays sensory and motor signals b. brain stem

1
_____3. little brain c. cerebellum
_____4. for motor and sensory analysis d. cerebrum
_____5. connects the forebrain and midbrain e. frontal lobe
_____6. center of intelligence f. hindbrain
_____7. pons, medulla and midbrain g. hippocampus
_____8. regulates the sleep-wake cycle h. hypothalamus
_____9. controls autonomic actions i. medulla
_____10. gray and white matter j. midbrain
_____11. for memory and message retrieval k. occipital lobe
_____12. holds the cerebellum, pons l. pons and medulla oblongata
_____13. associated with reasoning m. spinal cord problem solving
_____14. associated with visual processing n. temporal Lobe
_____15. associated with perception o. thalamus

Good job! Let’s continue and learn more!

MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

In this section, the different components that make up the nervous system will be
discussed in more detail.

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The CNS receives and processes all of the information from all parts of the body. In
other words, it controls the entire organ system of the body. It consist of two main
components namely the:

A. The Brain

The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It has three main parts: the
forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Moreover, it is divided into three main regions: the
cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.

2
 Figure 1. Parts of the Brain

Table 1. Parts and Functions of the Brain

PART FUNCTION
Forebrain contains the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus and
hippocampus
 Cerebrum center of intelligence and thinking; associated with
higher brain functions such as thought and action
○ Frontal Lobe associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech,
movement, emotions, and problem solving
○ Parietal Lobe associated with movement, orientation and the
recognition and perception of stimuli
○ Occipital Lobe associated with visual processing
○ Temporal Lobe associated with perception and recognition of auditory
stimuli, memory and speech
 Thalamus relays motor and sensory signal to the cerebrum
 Hypothalamus regulates the sleep-wake cycle
 Amygdala controls emotions such as fear and aggression
 Hippocampus holds memory storage and retrieval
Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain
Hindbrain holds the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata
 Cerebellum for coordination, movement, posture and balance
 Pons involves motor control and sensory analysis
 Medulla Oblongata controls autonomic functions

B. The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is about 40-50 cm long. Through it, the brain and the body become
interconnected. Composing the nerve tissues of the cord is a gray and white matter. The
spinal cord transmits impulses all over the body to and from the brain. It is also responsible
for involuntary movements.

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The PNS contains all the nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord. It carries
impulses from the sensory nerves to the CNS and from the CNS to the motor nerves. The
PNS is further divided into two more divisions namely:

A. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The SNS regulates the activities that are under conscious control. It includes all the
nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors. Specifically, these
receptors refer to the external sense organs – the eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue. It has
two main parts:
Spinal Nerve- the nerves that carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal
cord and the body.
Cranial Nerves- the nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem

3
 B. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

This is a part of the PNS which includes the motor neurons that control the internal
organs. This means that the ANS regulates all activities that are considered as involuntary or
those reflexes that are done without conscious will. Some of its functions include controlling
the muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in the internal organs such as the
intestines, bladder and the uterus.

The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.

1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” which controls the

internal functions of the body in times of stress. In addition, it is responsible for the
acceleration of heart rate, the constriction of blood vessels and the rise of blood
pressure.

2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the opposite of

the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the internal functions at rest. Thus, it
slows down the heart rate and increases the intestinal and gland activities.

THE NERVE CELL

The basic unit of the nervous system is the nerve cell. Nerve cells are called
neurons. Study Figure 2 and look at the different parts of the neuron. There are billions of
neurons in the body. Some exist alone. Others are joined together to form organs like the
brain and spinal cord.

There are twelve to

fourteen billion of neurons in
one part of the brain alone. A
neuron has a cell body
containing the nucleus.
Projecting out from the cell
body are root-like structures.
These are the dendrites and
axons. Dendrites carry
impulses towards the cell
body. A cell may have as many
as 200 dendrites carrying
impulses toward the cell body.
A single dendrite can be over
one meter long. Axons carry
impulses away from the cell
body. Axons pass impulses to
the dendrites of other neurons

Figure 2. The Nerve Cell

4
or cell body of muscle cells. Axons can be grouped together into cable-like bundles called
nerves.
CONTROL OF BODY PROCESSES THROUGH THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The Nerve Impulse

Neurons are cells with the special ability to carry signals or impulses. Thoughts,
emotions, learning, and many body functions are carried by nerve impulses in the neurons.
A nerve impulse is a combination of an electrical charge and a chemical reaction. A nerve
impulse is not a flow of electricity, but an electrochemical signal moving along a neuron.

Imagine that you have a board with a row of switches. Quickly click each switch in
the row on and off. This will give you an idea of how a nerve impulse travels along a neuron.

A nerve impulse cannot jump from one neuron to another. When a nerve impulse
comes to the end of an axon, it produces the chemical, called neurotransmitter, to be
released. The chemical crosses the space between neurons called synapse and stimulates
the nerve impulse to start in the next dendrite.

Figure 3. Synapse

The nervous system is assisted by five sense organs - the eyes, ears, nose, tongue,
and skin. These sense organs are constantly receiving information from the environment and
sending messages to the brain. These senses aid in the survival of human beings. A
stimulus (plural: stimuli) is any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve impulse. A
response is a reaction to a stimulus. A stimulus is received by the body and a response is
made. An organism must be able to respond to a stimulus in order to survive.

Messages do not travel in both directions along the same neuron. Only the axon of
the neuron releases neurotransmitters that cross the space between neurons. Reaction time
is the length of time between application of a stimulus and detection of a response.

5
 Did you know that your brain works round the clock for as long as you live? Your
brain does not only control your thoughts, emotions, and movements but also numerous
things that you are less aware of such as your breathing, your heartbeat, and even the
stress that you feel.

How does your nervous system work? This system is like a network that relays
messages back and forth from the brain to various parts of the body. It transmits information
through the spinal cord, which extends from the brain down through the back and consists of
fine nerves that branch out to every organ and body part. When a message reaches the
brain from any part of the body, the brain commands the body to respond. You can think of
your nervous system as a relay team where one runner passes the object to another runner.
Relatively, you have nerve cells handing its information to the next cell, which passes the
information to another cell. Finally, the information reaches into its destination and a reaction
takes place. For instance, if you hold a rose stem and accidentally prick your fingers, the
nerves in your skin release a message of pain to your brain. Your brain, in response to the
signal, commands the muscles in your hand to pull away. This split-second relay inside your
body happens in a much shorter period than it took you to read about it.

Neurons are specially intended for information processing and signaling. They relay
and receive messages (impulse) between the brain and body, and within the brain and
spinal cord. Motor neurons transmit impulses from the brain to muscles, glands, or other
neurons in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). Sensory neurons transmit impulses from
sensory nerves (receptor cells) to the Central Nervous System (CNS).

Nervous System Working Together with Endocrine System to Maintain

Homeostasis

Both the nervous system and endocrine system are important in enabling the body to
maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis is the state reached when each part of the body
functions in equilibrium with other parts. This is attained through the regulation of the bodily
functions by the endocrine and nervous systems. Most body systems maintain homeostasis
by using feedback mechanisms. When the brain receives messages from the body about an
internal change in one of its systems, it works to restore the system to its normal state. The
levels of hormones in the body are controlled by feedback. It is important that the amount of
hormones in our body is kept at the right level. The endocrine system plays an important part
in homeostasis. To achieve homeostasis, the nervous and endocrine systems maintain a
normal range of the following variables:
• Body temperature
• Amount of water in the body
• Amount of metabolic wastes in the cell
• Blood calcium level
• Hormones in the blood

Assessment 1

Q1. What might happen to a person whose nervous and endocrine systems fail to maintain
homeostasis?______________________________________________________________

6
Q2. Suppose a boy skipped his lunch for the day. How will the hormones (glucagon) from his
pancreas help his body to cope when his blood sugar level drops below normal?
___________________________________________________________________
Q3. Suppose a girl ate too many sweets such as candies and chocolates. How will the
hormones (insulin) from her pancreas help her body cope with a possible blood sugar level
rise above normal?__________________________________________________________
Q4. How do the nervous and endocrine systems respond to an increase in environmental
temperature to achieve homeostasis?
____________________________________________

A nervous system problem may occur slowly in time thus its loss of function is
gradually felt. Sometimes though, it may happen very suddenly and can be highly life
threatening. Below, you will find some signs and symptoms of nervous system disorders:
persistent or sudden onset of headaches; loss of feeling or tingling; weakness or loss of
muscle strength; loss of sight; memory loss; impaired mental ability; and lack of coordination.

Mental Health Disorders

The following are some common illnesses pertaining to the mental health:
1. Anxiety: uncomfortable feeling of fear; uneasiness; or overthinking that something
bad may happen
2. Panic Disorder: repeated episodes of sudden fear; or feeling of great danger and
impending doom
3. Depression or Psychosis: a state of being sad; loss of happiness; lack of interest
on things; wanting to be away from others; and loss of energy. It is not a normal sadness or
grief that is manifested with low energy.

How to keep your body and nervous system healthy? To keep your body and
nervous system in good shape, strive to do the following on a daily basis:
1. perform a regular exercise;
2. refrain from smoking;
3. get plenty of rest;
4. drink 8-10 glasses of water; and
5. eat a well-balanced diet.

7
 Engage

Activity 1: Break it Down!

(Adapted from DepEd Project EASE, Module 9: Life Support Systems, pp. 4-6)

Objective: Identify the parts of the nervous system

Procedure: Using the given graphic organizer, fill in the missing parts to complete the entire
concept showing the structure of the nervous system.

ASSESSMENT 2

Q5. How will you differentiate the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral
Nervous System (PNS) in terms of their functions?
_________________________________________
Q6. What might happen to the human body if one part of the nervous system fails to carry
out its function properly?
_________________________________________________________

Congratulations! You made it again! The next activity that you will perform will enable
you to understand the concepts better. Use your body’s senses to detect the stimuli in your
environment and execute the corresponding response.

8
 Activity 2 How Fast is Your Reaction?
(Adapted from DepEd Project EASE, Module 9: Life Support Systems, pp. 7-8)

Objective: Measure the length of time of response to catch a dropped object

Materials: • metric ruler/ ruler • data chart
Procedure:
1. Construct a table like the one given below, to record your data.

Centimeters where the ruler fell

Trials Eyes open Eyes closed
Left hand Right hand Left hand Right hand
st
1
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Average

2. Have your partner hold a metric ruler at its end with the highest number in cm.
3. Place the thumb and forefinger of your left hand close to, but not touching, the end with
the lowest number.
4. When your partner drops the ruler, try to catch it between your thumb and finger.
5. Record where the top of your thumb is, when you catch the ruler. This number gives how
many centimeters the ruler fell.
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more times and record the measurements on the data table that
you have constructed earlier.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more times using your right hand to catch the ruler.
8. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more times using your left hand with your eyes closed. Your
partner
will signal you by saying “now” when the ruler drops.
9. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more times using your right hand with your eyes closed. Record
your data and observations.
10. Exchange tasks and drop the ruler for your partner.
11. To complete your data chart, change all the centimeters to seconds by multiplying by
0.01.
12. After recording all the data, compute for the average by adding up the measurements of
all the trials and dividing it by the number of trials.

ASSESSMENT 3

(Answers will depend on whether the person is left-handed or right-handed)

Q7. With which hand did you catch the ruler faster when your eyes were open?
____________

9
Q8. With which hand did you catch the ruler faster when your eyes were closed?
___________
Q9. Did you catch the ruler faster with your eyes open or closed?
_______________________
Q10. Explain why a message moving along nerve pathways takes
time.__________________
Q11. Describe the nerve pathway that the message followed when you saw the ruler
fall._____

Excellent! You did a great job! Learn more!

Apply

A. Direction: Complete the following paragraph using the important terms you
have learned in this lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity.
Nervous System’s Control Autonomic Nervous System Reaction time

Synapse Central Nervous System Neuron/ Nerve Cell

Nerve Impulse Cerebellum Spinal Cord Hemeostasis

The nervous system has two main divisions: 1. __________ and Peripheral Nervous
System. The CNS is composed of the Brain and the 2. __________ that receives and
processes all information from all parts of the body. On the other hand, the PNS is
composed of 3. __________ connected to the brain and spinal cord. The neuron/ nerve cell
is the control center of the nervous system. The brain has three main parts: Fore Brain, Mid
Brain and Hind Brain. It is also divided into its three main regions: Cerebrum 4. __________
and Brain Stem. The peripheral nervous system has two divisions the Somatic Nervous
System and 5. __________ that is further divided into the Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic.
Neurons have the special ability to carry signals or impulses. A 6. __________ is an
electrochemical signal moving along a neuron. The space between neurons is called 7.
__________ . A stimulus is any factor in the environment that influences behavior. A
response is a reaction to a condition or stimulus. An organism must be able to respond to a
stimulus in order to survive. 8. __________ is the length of time between application of a
stimulus and detection of a response

The state of 9. __________ is achieved when each part of the body fuctions in
equilibrium with the other parts. This is accomplished by the endocrine and 10. __________
of bodily functions.

B. Direction: Using any android or smart phone, take 5 pictures of activities that
help to take care of your nervous system. You can post them on your
Facebook account or simply paste them on a separate sheet of paper.

10
 Write a caption of your pictures that will answer the question, How important is our
nervous system? Will the system still carry out its function properly if one of its parts will be
damaged? Then introduce the activities based on your pictures the ways to take care of our
nervous system.

Assess

Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the LETTER of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

A. a boy dancing C. a teenager having her Zumba
B. a girl hopping D. a man relaxing

2. Classify the following organs: eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue.
A. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system

3. Figure out what is responsible for involuntary movements.

A. autonomic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system

4. Choose which is accountable for voluntary actions.

A. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system

5. Complete this sentence: ___________ carry all impulses throughout the body to and from
the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
B. medulla oblongata D. spinal cord

6. Choose which of the following is associated with balance.

A. brain stem C. cerebellum
B. cerebrum D. pons

7. Distinguish which of the following is a receptor.

11
 A. bladder C. heart muscle
B. nose D. intestine

8. Select which of the following works for intelligence and thinking.

A. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata
B. cerebrum D. pons

9. Name the central control system of the body.

A. brain C. neurotransmitter
B. neurons D. spinal cord

10. Identify which part of the neuron sends information away from the cell body.
A. axon C. dendrite
B. axon terminal D. myelin sheath

11. Figure out which of the following sends a message to the brain through a chemical
reaction.
A. action potential C. stimulus
B. nerve impulse D. response

12. Describe a synapse.

A. It carries messages to the cell body.
B. It carries messages away from the cell body.
C. It is a gap between the axon and the dendrites of another neuron.
D. It is a gap between the axon and the axon terminal of another neuron.

13. What is the other name for a neuron?

A. dendrite C. nerve body
B. nerve cell D. axon

14. Choose which of the following keeps your body and nervous system healthy.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. eating junk food
B. not taking a rest D. using tobacco

15. Determine which of the following is a sign of a nervous system disorder.

A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. getting a regular exercise
B. eating a balanced diet D. losing a memory

12
 Answer Key

LEARN ENGAGE
A. ACT 1
1. HORMONE ASSESSMENT 2
2. MENSTRUATION Q5. The Central Nervous System (CNS) serves
3. OVARIES as the main processing center for the entire
B. nervous system while the Peripheral Nervous
1. A 11. G System (PNS) connects the central nervous
2. P 12. F system to the organs and limbs by relaying
3. C 13. E information through the nerves.
4. L 14. K Q6. All the other parts of the nervous system will
5. J 15. O not be able to carry out their corresponding
6. D functions, and the other body systems will be
7. B affected as well
8. H ACT 2.
9. B -Table-
10. M ASSESSMENT 3
ASSESSMENT 1 Q7. Answers will depend on whether the person
Q1. Failure in homeostasis can be potentially is left-handed or right-handed.
dangerous to a person as it may lead to various Q8. Answers will depend on whether the person
diseases and even death. is left-handed or right-handed.
Q2. Glucagon is released in response to low Q9. The ruler was caught faster with eyes open.
blood glucose level due to skipped lunch, thus Q10. The message travels from one neuron to
increasing blood sugar into normal level. another until it reaches the brain. Then, the
Q3. Insulin is released in response to an increase brain’s response is also transmitted by another
in blood glucose level due to eating sweets, thus set of neurons.
decreasing blood sugar into normal level. Q11. First, the eye sees the ruler, then sends a
Q4. The nervous and endocrine systems work message to the brain. The brain sends a
together to lower the temperature of the internal response through the muscles in the hand.
organs such as by producing sweat to cool the Finally, the muscles contract to allow the person
body down. to catch the ruler.

APPLY
A.
1. Central Nervous
System
2. Spinal Cord
3. Neuron/ Nerve Cell
4. Cerebellum
5. Autonomic Nervous
System
6. Nerve Impulse 13
7. Synapse
8. Reaction time
9. Hemeostasis
 References

Acosta, H., L. Alvarez, D. Angeles, R. Arre, MP. Carmona, A. Gatpo, et al. Science – Grade
10 Learner’s Material. Pasig City, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc. and Department of
Education, 2015

Acosta, H., L. Alvarez, D. Angeles, R. Arre, MP. Carmona, A. Gatpo, et al. Science – Grade
10 Teacher’s Guide. Pasig City, Philippines: Rex Bookstore, Inc. and Department of
Education, 2015

Angeles, D., Crisostomo, L., Quinsaat, D., Toledo, S. Science Vistas 10. Makati City,
Philippines: SalesianaBOOKS by Don Bosco Press, Inc., 2014

Bayquen, A., Pavico, J., Silverio, A., Ramos, A., Ramos, J. Exploring Life Through Science
10. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., 2015

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Components_of_neuron.jpg

https://www.istockphoto.com/en/vector/transmission-of-the-nerve-signal-between-two-
neurons-with-axon-and-synapse-close-up-gm1163216973-319333878

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/495114552788795358/

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/495114552788795358

https://www.istockphoto.com/en/vector/transmission-of-the-nerve-signal-between-two-
neurons-with-axon-and-synapse-close-up-gm1163216973-319333878

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Components_of_neuron.jpg

14
Buluhaton I. Pamaagi: Gamita ang krayola.
Kolori og PULA ang pulong kon kini solid.
ASUL kon kini liquid ug DAG kon kini gas.

Ballpen duga sa lemon gunting

ink kibido sabon mantika

oxygen aso suka

plastic balloon

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region VIII - Schools Division of Ormoc City

Narra St. Brgy. Don Felipe Larrazabal
Ormoc City, Leyte 6541
Telefax:

Email Address: ciddepedormoc@gmail.com