INT ER C ULT UR A LITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF AN INTE R S E C TIONA L A P P R OA C H

WELSH SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE (MA AD - YEAR -2021-2022)

A I S H WA RYA R A J E S H P I L L A I
INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION 5 . F I R S T L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W K E Y 11,12,13,14. DESIGN

1.1 Euro Mediterranean Urban Voids Ecology (EMUVE) FINDINGS 11. Multi-scalar approach
1.2 Refugee Crisis in a global context 5.1 Investigating the gap 12. A. neighbourhood scale : Giffin Square
1.3 Why London? 12. B. neighbourhood scale : Giffin Square .site selection criteria
1.4 Why Lewisham? 6. INTERSECTIONALITY 12 c . neighbourhood scale : Giffin Square . Pavillion
1.5 Why Deptford? 6.1 Intersectional approach 12 D . neighbourhood scale : placemaking
1.6 Mind Map of Research 6.2 Intercultural competence 13. Urban scale -micro architecture
6.3 Experimentation 14.A. Architectural Scale: Main Intercultural Node
2. BACKGROUND OF STUDY 6.4 Confronting the context in terms of intercultural competence 14.B. Architectural Scale: Main Intercultural Node
2.1 Major Historic Events in Deptford

2.2 Layers of Understanding 7 . C O N T E X T U A L A N A LY S I S - S I T E 15. CONCLUSION

2.3 Morphological Level SELECTION CRITERIA
2.4 Demographic of Deptford- Social Level 7.1 Local Heritage- Deptford High Street 16. BIBLIOGRAPHY
2.5 Conclusion 7.2 Taxonomy of dangerous spaces

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 8. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AND

3.1 Multi-culture S TA K E H O L D E R
3.2 Cross-culture 8.1 Stakeholders acting in the area

3.3 Inter-culture 8.2 Site-selection criteria

3.4 Initial Research

3.5 Social Context of Deptford 9. PRECEDENT STUDY

3.6 Conceptual: Intersectionality 9.1 Urban Scale - Micro level | Intersectionality | tactical urbanism

3.7 Spatial: Third Space 9.2 Pop-Up Kitchen for refugees and Asylum seekers, Merrett Houmøller

3.8 Social Feminism as a subset of Third Space ,Architects London

9.3 Temple tank market, Main Guard gate , Tiruchirappalli. India.

4 . F I R S T L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W 9.4 Urban Scale: The City of Barcelona

KNOWLEDGE MAPPING 9.5 Architectural scale R-cyclab

4.1 Understanding and decoding literature 9.6 Architectural scale- The Kitchen Praxagora – Turning the private and

4.2 Henry Lafebvre public inside out.

4.3 Edward Soja

4.4 Gillian Rose

4.5 Bell Hooks 10. PRODUCTION OF SPACE: THE

4.6 Kimberlé Crenshaw M A K I N G O F A N I N T E R C U LT U R A L N O D E
4.7 Michel Foucault 10.1 Inter-connection of multiple scales working in tangent to promote an

4.8 Donia Petrescu inter-cultural Deptford

4.9 Jane Jacobs

4.10 Maria Ariemo


1. INTRODUCTION
Unit Leader: Dr. Federico Wulff
INTRODUCTION
Are borders invisible?
What is a border? In the social realm, borders are subjective. ‘These
invisible borders’ do not lie in the dimension that is easily visible to
all. Understanding the city as a complex matrix, an interplay of many
attributes to look beyond the morphology to understand the needs of the
people inhabiting it.The design studio Euro Mediterranean Urban Voids
Ecology aims to revitalise cities by identifying opportunities in social
design that aims to foster intercultural interaction. World economies
such as London, home to a multicultural diverse ethnic population, is
an ideal research ground for such interactions. The conflicting notions
of maintaining and preserving a strong sense of personal identity yet
remaining respectful of others is a challenge in today’s times. A better
understanding and intervention in intercultural interactions in the urban
and architectural realm are essential to rectify ‘othering’ and ‘xenophobia’.
Meeting in the middle, metaphorically and literally in essence is the spirit
of interculturality. Traversing through the realm of the metaphysical
discourse of interculturality, this project intends to investigate borders
to form bridges. The method used to investigate interculturality is
intersectionality. ‘Intersectionality’ is a prism that seeks to understand
how different social factors intersect with each other and reinforce power
for some and barriers for others. It intends to assess and analyse how
different power relations and inequalities operate. Through this approach,
conflicts can be regarded as a bonding mechanism that allows people to
adapt and shift viewpoints in order to achieve mutual goals, and the same
can be utilised in both a spatial and social environment. The findings
of this investigation are then translated into an intercultural node that
functions as a multi-scalar operation that identifies problems, solves
them, and promotes interculturality at the urban, neighbourhood, and
architectural scales. The intersectional approach is rooted in feminist
perspectives of equality and is understood via the theory of third spaces.
Keywords:
Intersectional architecture, Interculturality, Third-spaces, Feminism.
1.1 EMUVE (EURO MEDITERRANEAN URBAN VOIDS ECOLOGY)
EMUVE or Euro Mediterranean Urban Voids Ecology is a design method that investigates
and revitalises cities from a people-centred, adaptable, and collaborative standpoint. In
collaboration with people from all walks of life, the purpose of this method is to repurpose
underused urban spaces and create/develop new spaces for local residents. (Wulff and Melina,
2015)
1.2 REFUGEE CRISIS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
The current influx of the refugee crisis involves people fleeing from some war-torn nations
(Dollman., C., 2015). The different rights of these individuals are violated and they are
subjected to xenophobia, persecution, othering, gender-based violence, and economic distress
(Poynting, S. & Briskman, L., 2020). In comparison to refugee men, an increasing number
of refugee women are subjected to sexual and gender-based violence either in their own
countries or in their journey to safety which may also result in destitution or homelessness
(Refugee Council, House of Commons, 2017).
INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN
1.3 WHY LONDON? 1.6 MIND MAP OF RESEARCH
This Detailed mind map summarizes this research. The design process in-
In planning for an intercultural city, Phil Wood and Charles
volves a constant revision of ideas and concepts to inform the design process.
Landry (2012) describe the importance of interculturality
in some cities like London: they insist that London is an
embodiment of a world economy, and is a multicultural hub.
Gentrification in big cities can further generate divisions
between the advantaged and marginalised communities.
Promoting an intercultural perspective in architecture
and design can effectively bridge the divide and enhance
cohesiveness of different communities.
1.4 WHY LEWISHAM?
Lewisham is an area that has embodied an intercultural
perspective by encouraging the implementation of policies
which promote intercultural interaction. The current
policies which aim to enhance intercultural interaction
in the Borough are focused on the following four areas:
Education, Neighbourhood, Language, and Intellectual
competence (London Lewisham: Results of the Intercultural
Cities Index analysis, 2011).
1.5 WHY DEPTFORD?
Deptford, located in the Borough of Lewisham, is home
to a diverse ethnic population. Deptford’s multicultural
composition offers a site to investigate and understand
the intercultural experiences of people. Doing so, further
enhances the possibility to bridge intercultural divisions
and design/build intercultural spaces. Some areas of
Deptford are subjected to major concerns relating to
‘crime, anti-social behaviour, day drinking, graffiti, noisy
neighbourhoods, mobs and vandalism’ (Potts, G., pg 30,
2008). These concerns can divide the community within
Deptford.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

2. BACKGROUND OF STUDY

2.1 MAJOR HISTORIC EVENTS IN DEPTFORD

Deptford is home to, a diverse ethnic population. This diversity is a result of the rich history of the dockyards to
the current day. Deptford’s multicultural social context is a result of the historic Royal Naval victualling dockyards.
During the Tudor times in the 1500s, Deptford (ie: suburbs of London) was popular for its holiday homes of English
aristocrats. During 1800 the prosperity of the dockyards provided many employment opportunities as many workers
lived near the industries. The 1700s was the start of the gentrification process as the naval officers lived in grand
houses in Greenwich and the workers in the industries lived near the dockyards and factories. (Allies and Morrison
Urban Practitioners, 2018)
2.2 LAYERS OF UNDERSTANDING
For a better understanding of Deptford, the site is understood in relation
to the Morphological , tangible layer and the social layer - intangible layer.
These two layers complement each other. The social layer can be read
through the morphology and the findings in research.
In understanding the site in respect to the intricacies of the concept and in
order to facilitate intercultural communication the site is interpreted as a
dialogue of intersections of the social and the physical level as understood by
this model.

Social level
Social level
Intersections

Physical level

Morphological level

Image : Design translation model of intersections in the social and physical level
Image: Layers of understanding

2.3 MORPHOLOGICAL LEVEL 2.4 DEMOGRAPHIC OF DEPTFORD

SOCIAL LEVEL

White Black Caribbean Black African

White White
South Asian Chinese

Image: Demography of Deptford , Adapted from (Potts,G., 2008)

2.5 CONCLUSION

A peripheral investigation into the tangible and intangible layers of Deptford’s

morphology and sociability indicates that the divisions are not simply between
people who may identify with different races, but also between people who
identify with different social backgrounds, including class and gender. Deptford’s
low land prices and railway connectivity makes it an affordable housing
Image: Historic Timeline of Deptford alternative for people working in London.As a result of the transient population
Image: Isometric Map of Deptford Gentrifying Deptford High street and gentrification the history of the dockyards and the local heritage remains a
At the beginning of the 1900s, the railway that connected London and Greenwich improved the connectivity of Deptford but long forgotten tale and is not given the prominence that it deserves.
Railway line
however the railway line cut directly through Deptford, cutting the plots into irregular triangular plots reducing land prices.
The affordability in real estate was an attraction to migrants looking for affordable housing options in London. During the
Interwar years of the mid-1900s, the factories and houses in Deptford were destroyed by the bombings, and as such this caused
economic distress which even to this day hasn’t completely recovered. Even today Deptford and Greenwich are starkly different
with respect to their spatial context, social context, and historic context. (Allies and Morrison Urban Practitioners, 2018)
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

3. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

3.1 MULTI-CULTURE 3.2 CROSS-CULTURE 3.4 INITIAL RESEARCH

Multiculture is related to several cultural and
ethnic groups within a society but are isolated
from each other. (Porzio, N , 2015 )
Cross-culture refers to parallels between
various cultural or ethnic groups that bridge
cultural divides and foster relationships
between individuals. Businesses, educational
opportunities, initiatives, and community-
based activities may all contribute to this.
(Porzio, N , 2015 )
3.3 INTER-CULTURE
Takes place between cultures or is derived from different cultures.
The relationships formed are deeper than multicultural. Interculture promotes mutual interests
where people can learn and grow together, while relationships are shaped and moulded from
each other’s experiences. It involves people from different cultural groups having mutual
interests to interact with one another, learning together and relationships molding each other
experiences. (Porzio, N , 2015) Improving communication and cultural awareness among a
culturally diverse population and integrating (Pedersen, P., 1988)
The physical qualities of morphology, such as transportation, public places, and
economy, were examined while facing the physical and social components in the
creation of an intercultural node. Transience, border conditions, social capital, urban
scars, ecuminism, third spaces, heritage value and culture, gender and equality,
social justice, and human rights were all considered when investigating the social
sphere of Deptford. As the research progressed from this wheel of understanding, the
investigation further narrowed down to social justice, economy, gender-equality and
third spaces.

Cultural groups non intercation

Cultural groups - overlaps and intersections ,
differences Cultural groups harmony
Interaction sphere. ICN
Interaction sphere. Interaction sphere.

Image: Layers of understanding , initial research

Image: Multi-culture Image: Cross-culture Image: Inter-culture

3.5 SOCIAL CONTEXT OF DEPTFORD

3.8 FEMINISM AS A SUBSET
OF THIRDSPACE
When feminism is viewed as a subset
of third spaces, it can be seen as
representational blindspots and the
boundaries of hegemonic discourses, as
well as the kinks and cracks in the power
knowledge apparatus (Rose, G., 1997).
Image: Feminisim as a subset of third space
SOCIAL
Feminism
Third space
3.7 THIRD SPACE
3.6 INTERSECTIONALITY
Third places can be characterised as a new
way of looking at a space and providing
meaning and significance to human life’s
spatiality. These spaces are intended to
transform ideas, experiences, perceptions,
and meanings in a deliberate, hesitant, and
flexible manner (Soja, E.W., 1996).
SPATIAL
The following key concerns of Deptford were identified after applying the
aforementioned complexities to the setting of Deptford for the purpose of identifying
disparities. A. Limited representation of people from diverse cultures in Deptford
in the public arena., B. From Deptford station to the north end of the high street,
there have been concerns about pedestrian safety and vulnerability to race-related
harassment, and there is a need to improve design methods to make the city
more inclusive and avoid crimes. (Intercultural city report , London Borough of
Lewisham,2007).
‘Intersectionality’ was used and solidified
by Kimberle Crenshaw in the 1970s
(Björnsdóttir & Traustadóttir, 2010), and it
refers to the different ways in which multiple
identities combine to create unique barriers
and how people may face discrimination
as a combination of their identification
with different social factors (Stienstra,
2012, pg. 458). This understanding of
intersectionality can be applied to the social
and morphological layers of Deptford to find CONCLUSION
and identify barriers and differences. Image: Intersections
In conclusion, the research was condensed down to the following essential issues for a
CONCEPTUAL better comprehension of the conceptual framework: intersectionality, third spaces, and
feminism as a subset of third spaces.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

4 . F I R S T L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W:

KNOWLEDGE MAPPING

4.2 Henry Lafebvre. 4.3 Edward Soja 4.4 Gillian Rose

Knowledge mapping is used to decode and translating literature in order to uncover hegemonies and their spatial and social
relationships. This helps to better understand the essence of the Intercultural Node and the problems that it can address. (Lefebvre,H.,1968) (Soja., E., 1996) (Rose., G., 1997)
Understanding the relationship between hegemonies and communities can help us see the region’s problems in a different light.
The identification of problems can help in the development of solutions to bring communities together and integrate them,thereby A space is socially Edward soja defines the Defines hegemonies
advancing toward the goal of interculturality. produced and is a third space as a safe space as blind spots in
triple dialectic meta- that is translated into representations. Margins
philosophy that has the spatial dimension of of hegemonic discourses,
limitless dimensions of human life. He further social spaces that leave
sociality and spatiality. details the variations out representation
Spatial aspect Social Aspect He also illustrates the of this definition with because of the power
spatial exercise of power. respect to scalability knowledge Aparati.
which changes meaning
with respect to place,
location, landscape,
environment, home, city,
region, territory, and
geography

4.5 Bell Hooks 4.6 Kimberle’ Crenshaw 4.7 Micheal Foucoult

(Hooks ., B., 1989 ) (Crenshaw ., K,1989) (Soja., E., 1996)

Remapping of the city as An Intersectional Geo-histories of

a response to the radial Approach is used as a otherness. The powers
openness method to lens to see how different of space and spatiality.
negate to make the city inequalities operate such The notions and
an inclusive space. as gender, class, ethnic dealing with the “other”
race, language, sexuality, which is looked into
Tangible age, ability, mental with curiosity and
Intangible and physical health, preconceived notions.
nationality, and language.

4.8 Donia Petrescu 4.9 Jane Jacobs 4.10 Maria Arlemo

(Frichot., H., et.al, 2018) (Frichot., H., et.al, 2018)
(Jacobs, 1992)
Community and The right to communities Degrees of
participatory approach and the right to marginalization.
and rethinking economic participation can be Different needs of first
dynamics of power. brought about by tactical and second generations
WThe understanding urbanism by reactivating immigrants.
of the relationship of the city strategically and
hegemonies in relation putting eyes back on the
Community to the communities street.
Hegemonies can be a lens through
which to identify the
problems in the area.

4.1 UNDERSTANDING AND DECODING LITERATURE :

Hegemonies: Literature that identifies different methods to look at it as a problem-solving tool.

Spatial aspect: The relationship between geography and space.
Social Aspect: The interconnectedness of meanings.
Community spirit: Looking for community spirit and integration and activities that can be an intercultural activity.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

5 . F I R S T L I T E R AT U R E R E V I E W :

KEY FINDINGS

1. A multi-scalar social and spatial approach 2. Identification of hegemonies 3. Re-mapping of the urban realm
   
HENRY LAFAVE  
(LEFEBVRE,H.,1968) 5.1 INVESTIGATING THE GAP
Spatiality
 

EDWARD SOJA. Spatial aspect Social Aspect

(SOJA., E., 1996)

Spatiality

GILLIAN ROSE
(ROSE., G., 1997)

 
Power divisions in both realms.

BELL HOOKS.  
(HOOKS ., B., 1989 ) 4. Integrating approach 5. Degrees of participation 6. Mitigating the otherness
 
   
 

KIMBERLY CRENSHAW
(CRENSHAW ., K,1989)

Spatiality

MICHEAL FOUCOULT
(SOJA., E., 1996)

Community Hegemonies

Hegemonies: Literature that identifies different methods to look at it

 DONIA PETRESCU as a problem-solving tool.
(FRICHOT., H., ET.AL,
2018) Spatial aspect: The relationship between geography and space.
Social Aspect: The interconnectedness of meanings. CONCLUSION
Community spirit: Looking for community spirit and integration
In analysing the knowledge map, the understanding of an ICN can only work as a multi-scalar operation reinforcing its ideas in the
and activities that can be an intercultural activity.
urban realm solving problems holistically and the architectural realm for solving more specific issues. The identification of hegemo-
JANE JACOBS nies can be seen first in the urban sphere and then on closer inspection, located in an architectural sphere. With high crime rates,
(JACOBS, 1992) After confrontation of literature, and the theories in understanding how identification of zones of acupuncture as remapping of the city to integrate people, bring about participation with a goal of mitigat-
to link third spaces of feminist perspective and intersectionality, it is ing otherness.
understood that the area of intervention that can create an impact lies in
the area of identifying hegemonies and solving them through communi-
ty participation.

MARIA ARLEMO
(FRICHOT., H., ET.AL, 2018)
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

6. INTERSECTIONALITY

6.1 INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH 6.4 CONFRONTING THE CONTEXT IN TERMS OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE.

Intersectionality is focused on
understanding how different social
factors can intersect and reinforce
privilege and discrimination
(Nash, 2008). Instead of analysing
factors like race, class and gender
individually, intersectionality S y
p t
analyses how these factors work a i
t i l
together to produce privilege and a i
l i b
oppression (Erevelles & Minear, t y a Uk
i rain
2011). Understanding inequality, as c ian
defined by Henry Lafebvre (1968), o
S Ch
refers to ‘otherness.’ Identifying ine
this social obstacle is the first step se
n
toward a solution, which can be t atio
Image: Layers of understanding found in intercultural competence. sen
Sou
th A pre
sian Re

Bla
ck Car
ibb
6.2 INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE ean

Intercultural competence is a way to Bla

His ck Afr
shift perspectives and understand tory ic
and an
cultures by understanding one’s Me
mo arks
ry m Wh
own. By looking at intercultural nd ite
competence, and understanding it c a l la stor
y Bri
tish
i

C U L T U R E
through an intersectional approach, Lo e h
rch
y
itim r a
r ie
conflicts can be perceived as a Ma cia
lH
bonding factor as a capacity to shift So
perspectives and bring forward
cross-cultural similarities (Landry,
C., & Woods, P., 2012). This
method of integration of the host
and guest can be done as an attempt ie s
to improve diversity and inclusion The mon
do ge
and also solves social differences. cky
ard He
The s
fa çad
Image: Layers of understanding e of
Dep
tfor
d

6.3 EXPERIMENTATION Gra ty

ffiti Loc nali
Design research translations of the afore-mentioned concepts of intersection were analysed using open
loca
al c
har ec tio
ended design research tools, i.e., models to interpret meanings and their relationships. In these models, l ch ac ter ers
two or more intersections on one phase are observed such that they make up a complete composition when
are
cte Int
r
observed singularly. When these intersections are placed within the frame of a box, it is viewed in different
Image: Layers of understanding
perspectives which changes when viewed through each side.

c ter
hara
lc
g ica ford
lo t
pho Dep
r f
Mo o

Understanding interculturality and applying it to the context to improve the safety of the city to mitigate multiracial crimes is a process that is a long-term vision. Understanding the demography
of Deptford and the needs of the first and second generation of migrants and immigrants is critical to informing the design process. Understanding culture as a representation of identities can
also be understood as a `representation of individuals. Every human has a multi-layered identity and as such culture is also very complex. It is not apparent it rather lies in the hidden dimension.
Culture can be understood as the background, and why people are the way they are and how they behave. Trying to understand this complex dimension is a step toward interculturality.
The diagram below is an understanding of this very notion, the intercultural node lying in the very middle of the identities of the current geography (Deptford) the people that live there carrying
their varied identities and the forgotten heritage muddled in gentrification.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

7. C O N T E X U A L A N A LY S I S - S I T E S E L E C T I O N C R I T E R I A

7.1 LOCAL HERITAGE - DEPTFORD HIGH STREET

The section below indicates important landmarks in Deptford as referred to in the map below, the black sectional line cutting through the local heritage zones as illustrated in the section. These heritage zones, and landmarks are selected along the high street which in itself is an embodiment of the local heritage of Deptford. 7.2 illustrates
nodes in the Deptford high street which has been selected after a careful consideration of crimes that has occurred in each node.
DEPTFORD COLLAGE
1. The History of the dockyards 2. Olympia Building 3. St Pauls Cathedral 4. Social Housing behind the high street 5. Our Lady of the 6. Deptford market 7. The Giffin square 8. The Albany 9. Anchor
assumption church

Sectional view of local heritage

7.2 TAXONOMY OF DANGEROUS SPACES S1 Recurring antisocial Behaviour such as street

drinking, fighting, and elements of drug dealing
New cross road Anchor New cross road
causing the high street to be an unsafe place even
during the daytime and the nighttime caused an
intervention which then led to the removal of the
Anchor. As it was seen as an element of local heritage
it resorted but however, but the seating around it was
removed. (Deptford Anchor Feasibility study, 2017)
SECTIONAL VIEW- S1

Douglas way Deptford Giffin square Giffin street

High
S2 Antisocial behavior (Day Drinking and substance
Street
Use) at Giffin Square is often voiced by the students
in the tide mill academy. Students are concerned
about their safety on their walk back home. (Letter to
Lewisham Council, Tidemill Academy, 2021)

SECTIONAL VIEW- S2
Deptford high street
North Railway Resolution
Deptford South
underpass way
Railway side
Station Deptford
Selected nodes highilighted. High
Street
S3 The railway bridge in a sense splits the high
street into the north and the south. This spot is also
another hotspot for theft, that has been recorded at the
supermarkets.
LEGEND SECTIONAL VIEW- S3

Deptford Local Heritage

Adjacent car Car parking Evelyn
park for social social
Sectional line -local heritage zones
Housing Housing estate
Image: Map of Deptford
Taxonomy of Nodes in the High
street S4 The Evelyn ward consists of 30% of low-income
families living in difficult financial circumstances and
it is one of the most impoverished

SECTIONAL VIEW- S4 Sectional View of Nodes

 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

8 . S I T E S E L E C T I O N C R I T E R I A A N D S TA K E H O L D E R

8.1 STAKEHOLDERS ACTING IN THE AREA

From the map of stakeholders, 8.2 SITE-SELECTION CRITERIA
which was an initial
understanding of all the Evelyn Estate ZONE 1
Zone 1
stakeholders that are acting in the Architectural
area, a careful selection of the sites Intervention
based on the taxonomy of danger This particular site lies behind the railway station and is currently being
in each node, a second selection of used as a parking lot for the market. This site is currently underused and
sites with a detailed understanding neighbours also showed displeasure to the sounds of vehicles coming early
of the actors involved helped in in the morning. On the days that the market is not used (Monday, Tuesday,
the process of identifying key Thursday and Sunday), which is a majority of four days in a week, this
stakeholders particular site is severely underused. Another major concern of the residents
of the Evelyn estate is the mismanagement of domestic waste which is thrown
around this property. There also lies an adjacent park with a few broken
DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS benches. Proposals to revitalise this site have been presented to the council
OF SPACE AND USERS Image of a board
and is currently a viable project. The stakeholders who are impacted by this
taken during site
area are the residents of the Evelyn estate. Other potential stakeholders can be
visit
Zone 2 : Micro Deptford neighbourhood action, inter-cultural city network, Lewisham ethnic
The city accessed as intervention minority partnership, the Lewisham Indo-Chinese community, Federation of
a child going to and refugees from Vietnam, South London Refugee partnership and the 999 club.
from school
Evelyn
Underused Green space Car parking
social
car park for social
Housing estate
Housing
A woman walking
along the streets at
night

A man walking ZONE 2

through the streets South
Tidemill Academy Deptford high side
at night that does Deptford Resolution
street North Deptford
not have access to a Railway way High
Railway
vehicle Station underpass Street
Zone 3 : Giffin square
Urban intervention

A person having Market area

access to a vehicle

Creating an intervention in problematic areas of high crimes by increasing natural surveillance.

ZONE 3

Douglas way Deptford Giffin square

High
Street
CATEGORY OF
STAKEHOLDER
Cultural Groups
Community Groups
Education
In understanding the city and how it functions by reports and statistics, it is also noted that the
Charity
behavioural patterns still remain the same and are not changed in the Giffin square. The Tidemill
Private Sector academy has reported substance abuse and concerns to safety of the children commuting back
home. In this space, a twenty four hour surveillance would highly benefit the neighbourhood.
NGOS
SITE VISIT
Assembly
At the beginning of the 1900s, the railway that connected London and Greenwich improved the
Government connectivity of Deptford but however the railway line cut directly through Deptford, cutting the plots
into irregular triangular plots reducing land prices. The affordability in real estate was an attraction to
migrants looking for affordable housing options in London. During the Interwar years of the mid-1900s,
the factories and houses in Deptford were destroyed by the bombings, and as such this caused economic
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

9.PRECEDENT STUDY

9.1 URBAN SCALE - MICRO LEVEL | INTERSECTIONALITY | TACTICAL URBANISM

A strategic selection of precedent studies to find examples of the explored literature is a way to link theory and practice. The careful selection of five precedents was 9.3 TEMPLE TANK MARKET , MAIN GUARD GATE ,(TIRUCHIRAPPALLI. INDIA)
selected intentionally such that the scales translate social space and their working relationships in respect to scalability to work and reinforce themselves as a third
space (Soja., E., 1996). The scales of inquiry chosen to lie in two realms the Urban and the architectural. Jane Jacobs’s intention of right to communities and the right to Inside the historic fort walls of the east gate
participation is interpreted as tactical urbanism by reactivating the city strategically and putting eyes back on the street. Tactical urbanism as a micro-level approach is complex of Tiruchirappalli, a historic town
explored via the two case studies, illustrating programmatic functions that work both socially and economically. in southern India is the bustling market
surrounding a temple tank. This temporal
bustling market works on all the days of
the week. These market stalls sell goods like
9.2 POP-UP KITCHEN FOR REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS, MERRETT HOUMØLLER ARCHITECTS LONDON food and fruit during the day, and at night
the same stalls sell nonperishable goods.
Micro architecture’s flexibility is a great method The market programmatic activity is both
of reinforcing surveillance in a city. The beneficial for promoting the local economy
concepts of ‘a befriending’ kitchen and ‘food for and also works as natural surveillance
bonding’ evoke empathy through the gesture making the space accessible and inclusive to
of sharing. The portable refugee kitchen is a Daytime activity selling flowes all during daytime and nighttime.
method of engaging with the world refugee
crisis in a tangible manner. Merrett Houmoller’s
pop-up kitchen is a flexible dynamic space that
offers opportunities for social interactions. The
primary advantage of the aforementioned space
is its portability and dynamism of the same.
It can be moved from one place to another, The flexibility of space. Source: (Ravenscroft.,T.,2018) Movable furniture. Source: (Ravenscroft.,T.,2018)
thus making it a movable social space for
interactions bridging borders and boundaries
among people. (Ravenscroft.,T.,2018)

Daytime activity fruit

Temple Tank

LEGEND

Temporary shops
Fort Gate

Non perishable goods -

Temporal nature of space : Source: (Ravenscroft.,T.,2018) night activity MARKET PLAN
(Source : W2C Multimedia,

MARKET STALL DAY AND NIGHT ACTIVITY

clothes

flowers and fruit

Night time

CONCLUSION

The applicability of microarchitecture to improve safety and also improve

economic opportunities can also be implemented in the case of Deptford
Daytime through tactical urbanism.
Temporal nature of space : Source: (Ravenscroft.,T.,2018)
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

9. PRECEDENT STUDY

9.5 ARCHITECTURAL SCALE 9.6 ARCHITECTURAL SCALE

9.4 URBAN SCALE
THE CITY OF BARCELONA
The architect of the Barcelona superblocks, Oriol Bohigas, aspired to bring communities together in the
‘Barcelona superblock’ concept, which aimed to make the city accessible to everyone (Monjo, M.,A.,B., 2022).
The project’s conclusions were consistent with the work and research of Collectiu Punt 6, a Barcelona-based
group that works for improved women’s participation in the urban realm (CollectiuPunt6, 2017). They work with
feminist ideas to promote inclusion in Barcelona and work on a variety of projects to strengthen the inclusion of
women and minorities. Various people have different perceptions of the city depending on their background and
access to privilege, among other factors. The following are excerpts from Oriol Bohigas Barcelona superblocks
research principles.
R-CYCLAB
This project is the brainchild of atelierd’architecture autogee founded in Paris France.
This project aims to act as a bottom-up initiative that that are self-managed economically
which aims to integrate economic activities of everyday practices of life contributing to
the resilience of the neighbourhood. The project functions as a café, community kitchen,
experimental farm, and educational facilities. What this project has achieved is to be a live
example of how common of space can improve the economy which serves as a model to give
back to the community.t
THE KITCHEN PRAXAGORA – TURNING THE PRIVATE AND
PUBLIC INSIDE OUT.
The kitchen of praxagora is a community-based initiative in Stockholm, Sweden. The intent
of this project stems from the story of ‘Aristophanes’ a Greek play that translates ‘the power of
women’ the story of a woman praxagora and her sisters of the ancient Greek city moving their
kitchens to the town squares while the men or off to the trojan war. This activity of paradigm
shift in the social hierarchy of programs changing inside out was implemented in Stockholm.
The very idea of supporting the female presence in the streets encouraged more women to
occupy the space. The temporal activity also brought families to gather as created in a sense a
social landmark where people would be drawn to have conversations share recipes, learning
from different cultures and taking care of the community by taking matters into their own
hands.

Circulation of street scape (Riba.,M.,2021)

View of the outdoor kitchen

view of the workshop make up of recycled materials

Tactical urbanism of Barcelona

superblock. Based on

Creating pedestrian nodes of interaction The viewing from the higher floors of
the blocks to improve safety through

The perception of
safety during the
day and the night is
different for different
people and as such,
bringing life into the
city can also change the
perception of safety.
Better lighting design
can also improve this
perception of safety.
Workshop space
Micro architecture and information kiosks that are
open throughout the night can bring forth feelings
of safety at night.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

1 0 . P R O D U C T I O N O F S PA C E : T H E M A K I N G O F A N I N T E R C U LT U R A L N O D E

10.1 INTERCONNECTION OF MULTIPLE SCALES WORKING IN TANGET TO PROMOTE AN INTERCULTURAL DEPTFORD.

PROGRAMMATIC FORMULATION
The conclusive findings of the research are as follows: URBAN SCALE NEIGHBORHOOD SCALE ARCHITECTURE SCALE
Taking the inside-outside- Cooking for bonding

1
LITERATURE REVIEW:
It is critical to comprehend the multi-scalar influence that the
intercultural node might have in order to apply an intersectional
approach effectively. A node produces an acupuncture effect and
hence functions as a mechanism rather than a single entity. The
urban, neighbourhood, and architectural scales all work together
to correct and address problems in a coordinated manner.
ECONOMY
L1.Henry Lafebrve- production of social space
24/7 rental shops to improve local enterprise available
L2. Edward Soja- varied definitions of third spaces based Placemaking to improve tourism on all days other than the market days.
Waste recycling unit community participation
on scalability
L3. Gillian Rose- hegemonies as blind spots in
representation
L4. Bell Hooks- radical openness to create inclusivity
L5. Kimberle Crenshaw- Intersectional approach
L6. Michel Foucault- geo histories of otherness

CULTURAL
L7. Donia Petrescu- community and participatory
approach, rethinking economic dynamics of power
L8. Jane Jacobs- right to the city
L9. Maria Ariemo- degrees of marginalisation
Sounds and musical placemaking to depict the culture
Venue for cultural venues talks and gatherings. Learning and empowering through upskilling

2
CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS:
C1 .Gentrification
In confronting the site, and understanding the needs of the context, C2. Need to improve the local economy and economic
it is understood that emphasis needs to be placed in improving opportunities for the locals.
the neighbourhood and improving the language of intercultural
C3 No urban representation of the rich heritage of the

FAITH
competence.
dockyards.
C4 Lack of representation of the diverse ethnic diversity
which is nearly half the population in the urban realm
C5. High crime rate and antisocial behavior. Community hall for the local events workshops
Common festival gathering space a learning process
and community events

3
HERITAGE

PRECEDENT STUDY
Methods of micro-architecture in an urban scale that are social P1. Pop up kitchen for refugees and asylum seekers
acupuncture in daily life and improving economic viability which P2.Temple tank market, main guard gate
is indeed a radical approach to gentrification. Moreover in an (Tiruchirappalli, India)
architectural scale, reversing the functions of the indoor and P.3 Barcelona super-blocks
outdoor to make the city a more accessible and equal level ground P4. R-cyclab Intercultural placemaking (statues/ art)
with respect to gender and language barriers. Thus, invoking the P5. The kitchen Praxagora Sweden A place to share and learn
spirit of community care and shared, learned experiences. Cultural identities and local heritage A place to share and learn
ISSUE THAT IT SOLVES.

S1. Intercultural city network

S2. Evelyn Estate
S3. Lewisham ethnic minority partnership
4 S4. Lewisham Indo-Chinese community school
STAKEHOLDER:
S5. Federation of refugees from Vietnam (FORVIL)
Equal representation from diverse cultural groups to have a more S6. South London Refugee partnership
inclusive approach S7. Deptford neighborhood action
Empowerment of the society’s economically challenged. S8. 999 club
S9. Tidemill Academy Acupuncturing effect on the othered.
Increased surveillance and improve safety Community bonding and breaking borders.
S10. the market
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

1 1 . M U LT I - S C A L A R A P P R O A C H

The site is located adjacent to the 3

high street, and this space is used
as a car park 3 times a week. This
site is currently proposed for a
redevelopment by the London
Burrough of Lewisham , outer
London fund.

The shopping complexes near the

railway station have reportedly lodged
complaints of safety in the area.

Tidemill academy reporting anti-

social behaviour witnessed by students
commuting to school. Students who
attend the school are primarily from
Evelyn estate, which is statistically
reported to be a lower income area.

The south end of high street near

the anchor. This zone is reported to
have a high crime rate.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
It is critical to comprehend the multi-scalar influence that the
intercultural node might have in order to apply an intersectional 1
approach effectively. A node produces an acupuncture effect and
hence functions as a mechanism rather than a single entity. The
urban, neighbourhood, and architectural scales all work together
to correct and address problems in a coordinated manner.

1. URBAN SCALE A prototype pods of micro-architecture placed in nodes of danger, combating 2.NEIGHBORHOOD The square of the city is an important landmark and as such, the functioning
problems of safety in the city. These pods not only improve safety, but also can SCALE of it has a huge impact on the residents that reside in the city. Permanent
be rented in a subsidised rate on a daily basis. pavilion located in this square with temporal activities to improve economy and
High street Giffin square intervention. improve safety a radical approach to gentrification. Creating an impact on the
(Micro Intercultural node) (Micro Intercultural Node) youth by creating activities to change the behaviour of people and visible
representations of different cultures in this node through temporal activities
reinstating interculturality and representation in the heart of the city.
3.ARCHITECTURAL Micro-architecture, pavilion, and placemaking are the first line of interventions
SCALE to change and repair social behaviour in cities and neighbourhoods. However,
according to Lafebrve, social behaviour is a mirror of societal perceptions that
Main Intercultural Node can only be changed over time. A community kitchen with an intercultural
background that serves as a local landmark to boost community social life
and representation. Domestic waste recycling workshop center is one of the
initiatives offered by this centre. The first level houses a secure area for women
and refugees to learn occupational skills and participate in therapy sessions for
victims of violence.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

12. A. NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE GIFFIN SQUARE

PAVILLION

PLACEMAKING
VOCAL HISTORY
MAP OF LANDMARKS IN
DEPTFORD
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

12. B. NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE GIFFIN SQUARE: SITE SELECTION AND SURROUNDING

CONTEXTUAL LEVEL

The design was created in response to literature that mentions L1, L3, L4, L7, and L8. The concept of thematic selection
is divided into two parts: Economic-social, cultural-social- tourism. In and of itself, Giffin Square is a significant
landmark in Deptford. Three interventional processes are used to construct the programmatic formulation: The site selection criteria is based on
the previous taxonomy of dangerous
1. Placemaking, vocal history spaces. Even though the Giffin square
2. Map of landmarks is the frontage for Deptford Lounge,
3. Pavilion, a space of temporal programs for celebration, representation, surveillance and economic activity the seating spaces in the square are
often reported to have anti-social
behaviour which needs to be rectified,
thus making it socially dysfunctional.

Deptford Giffin street Temporary pavilion to

Douglas way High Giffin square serve as an economic
Street opportunity.

taxonomy of dangerous spaces

CONCEPTUAL LEVEL

View of the pavilion as a place for celebration

 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

12. C. NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE GIFFIN SQUARE: PAVILLION

PLAN OF THE PAVILLION

Covered stage

The pavilion is a temporal space that can be used as an DISRUPTIONS

extension of the market, hosting global festivals, holding
talks, and public performances on non-cultural days.
The management of this space can be done by both
the intercultural city network along with the Tidemill
academy and the Deptford Lounge.

An intersection of two circles Overlapping of two circles Intersection of the circles Morphology of the form Disruptions of divisions. Option 1 . Option 2
disrupted
The walls placed such
that there is no visual PROGRAMMATIC STRATEGY
obstruction

A central covered space

The wall dividing the space functionally but The pavilion serving as a space for informal
The walls being placed on a The walls dividing the space dividing pathways The experience of walking through the
still maintaining openness without any visual gatherings conducting talks, cultural events
raised platform. and usable space with just a platform which pavilion which has accessible openings on all
obstructions open to the public in a public space
can be transformed and doubled as a market three sides
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

12.D. NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE GIFFIN SQUARE: PLACEMAKING

The rich history of the dockyards is not INTERCULTURAL

represented in the city, thus forgetting the COMPETENCE
memory and importance of local heritage. Giving
the people of Deptford an education on their own
heritage and history, and also commemorating
intercultural competence through placemaking.

The square also contains a map of heritage sites/ HERITAGE MAP

landmarks of Deptford linking arts centres in a - LOCAL LANDMARKS
tourist walking trail.

The dockyard’s long-forgotten history, as well as PLACEMAKING

Deptford’s gentrification, are reflected in society, THROUGH ORAL
creating barriers amongst residents. Placemaking HERITAGE
and intervention based on local history can help
to restore the sense of belonging to a community
that welcomes first and second generation
immigrants.

GIFFIN SQUARE SECTION - A

LITERATURE REVIEW:

LITERATURE REVIEW:

LITERATURE REVIEW: Pavillion

 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

13. URBAN SCALE – MICRO ARCHITECTURE

SITE PLAN

Micro-architecture is a tactical urbanism strategy that uses 24 hour pods to improve city safety. These
are temporary monitoring pods that serve the purpose of improving local economic viability. This
pod’s architecture emphasises safety at night by including a lighting scheme on the structure’s skin
that illuminates the entire space. This becomes not simply a visually prominent landmark, but also a
starting point for dialogue and conversation.

New cross road Anchor New cross road

Deptford high street

North Railway Resolution
Deptford way South
Railway underpass
2 side
Station Deptford
High
Street

1
The site selection criteria is based on the The taxonomy of unsafe locations on the high street i in order
to reduce crime and also make the city inclusive to all even during night time with it’s lighting design.

SECTION A
PLAN

The space was planned with the intention of creating

usable spaces in between architectural disruptions. The The section showing the functioning of the space.
facade also has lighting patterns of lines.
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

1 4 . A . A R C H I T E C T U R A L S C A L E – M A I N I N T E R C U LT U R A L N O D E

The main intercultural node of the architectural scale is a response to the surrounding context. The understanding and SITE PLAN
learning of this project stems from Donia Petrescu’s concept of community and participatory approach to rethink economic
dynamics of power (L7). Upskilling and education are used to strengthen and enhance the inclusion of marginalised
communities. Other findings from past research, such as P4 recyclab and P5 Praxagora’s kitchen, have been used to empower
marginalised groups by encouraging intercultural competence through sharing and learning via cooking. This location also
has a problem with domestic waste management, which can be addressed by the waste recycling workshop in this project. A
safe space for therapy and focus groups are also addressed as a first line of response for empowering refugee women.

SITE SURROUNDING CONTEXT

Main entrance to
the ICN
Evelyn estate

Social housing
with recorded high
crime rates
Impoverished area

Under-used
park
Open walls and
seating

Railway
Under-used
station
Market parking
area Mixed use
residential

Waste collection
Deptford High point entrance
Street

DISRUPTIONS DEISGN PROCESS

SITE SURROUNDING CONTEXT

Underused market underused Car parking Evelyn

parking area park for social social
Housing Housing estate

The site is selected as an underused car park which has been selected as a part of the outer
london fund by the london borough of lewisham for a proposed redevelopment on the
site. The major reasons for this redevelopment scheme is the proximity to the highstreet
and also the lack of domestic waste management in the area. (London burrough of
lewisham, outer London fund sumbission, 2011)

Geometry Subtractions in Subtractions in Integrating the Open deisgn

geometry geometry trees into the
architecture
 INTRODUCTION | THEORY | PRECEDENT STUDY | SITE SELECTION | DESIGN

1 4 . B . A R C H I T E C T U R A L S C A L E – M A I N I N T E R C U LT U R A L N O D E

SECTION 1
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

s1

The trees a part of

the architecture
safe space for
focus groups
1

3
communal space

FRONT VIEW
4

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Intercultural art
on the periphery
of the outdoor
space , a tourist
arrtaction spot
emphasising the
local diversity.

1 Entrance Lobby
2 Community Kitchen
3 Informal Seating Area
Communal Space
4 Waste Recycling 9 7
Workshop
5 Domestic Waste
Collection and Sorting
Point
8
6 Therapy Consultation for
Victims of Domestic Abuse
7 Vocational Training
Centre for Adults
8 Computer Skills Training
Centre
9 Safe Space Focus Groups
and Therapy Sessions
 CONCLUSION

By using an intersectional approach to identify people’s needs and promote interculturality through the

functionality of space and representation, a multi-scalar apparatus can help to improve surveillance, safety,

and promote local heritage and intercultural dialogues. The urban scale intervention is an immediate remedy

to improve the safety in the city. The architectural intervention is a long-term process that gradually alters

people’s mindsets over time to change the perceptions of people and make Deptford a Winclusive community.
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