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  • Strength (Kpa) 65 59 440 470 480 1380 840 Adhesion Source Frederking and Karri (1981, 1983)

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    Harbors can accumulate drifting ice which forms in calm waters, but currents and warmer water from below can break up or prevent ice formation. According to data from 1981-1983, the strength of adhesion between ice and various materials increases in the order of PVC, PE, wood, steel, concrete, with wood and concrete exhibiting the strongest adhesion of over 800 kPa. Breaking ice accumulation is important for port operations.

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    Harbors can accumulate drifting ice which forms in calm waters, but currents and warmer water from below can break up or prevent ice formation. According to data from 1981-1983, the strength of adhesion between ice and various materials increases in the order of PVC, PE, wood, steel, concrete, with wood and concrete exhibiting the strongest adhesion of over 800 kPa. Breaking ice accumulation is important for port operations.

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    6 views1 page

    Strength (Kpa) 65 59 440 470 480 1380 840 Adhesion Source Frederking and Karri (1981, 1983)

    Uploaded by

    NEILS
    Harbors can accumulate drifting ice which forms in calm waters, but currents and warmer water from below can break up or prevent ice formation. According to data from 1981-1983, the strength of adhesion between ice and various materials increases in the order of PVC, PE, wood, steel, concrete, with wood and concrete exhibiting the strongest adhesion of over 800 kPa. Breaking ice accumulation is important for port operations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Strength

    <•c) (kPa) Adhesion Source


    PVC (1981) -2.5 to -3 65 Frederking and Karri
    (1981, 1983)
    PE -2 to -3 59
    Concrete -1 to -3.5 440
    Wood -2 to -4 470
    Steel -1 to - 3.5 480
    Wood -6 1380 Parameswaran (1981)
    Concrete -6 840

    Source: From Frederking (1983).

    Increase
    wind area

    ttmber and
    concrete)
    LW I
    ¥

    currents which break the ice formed in calm is well demonstrated at the port of
    water andjor retard freezing by replacing Montreal where the harbor basin some-
    the cool surface water with warmer water times acts as a storage for ice produced
    from below. At some locations, harbors have upstream. Shore harbors are filled less reg-
    a tendency to accumulate drifting ice. This ularly than harbors located in inland water-

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