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  • To To To: Source: From Frederking (1983)

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    The document discusses adhesion strength of different materials to ice at various temperatures. It shows that wood, steel, and concrete have adhesion strengths of 470-480 kPa at temperatures between -1 to -3.5 degrees C, while wood has a much higher strength of 1380 kPa at -6 degrees C. It also includes a figure showing different ice forces on dock structures, including accumulated ice weight, horizontal thrust from wind/current on ice, dynamic impact from floating ice features, ice adhesion to piles, and vertical force from trapped ice between pile bracings.

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    The document discusses adhesion strength of different materials to ice at various temperatures. It shows that wood, steel, and concrete have adhesion strengths of 470-480 kPa at temperatures between -1 to -3.5 degrees C, while wood has a much higher strength of 1380 kPa at -6 degrees C. It also includes a figure showing different ice forces on dock structures, including accumulated ice weight, horizontal thrust from wind/current on ice, dynamic impact from floating ice features, ice adhesion to piles, and vertical force from trapped ice between pile bracings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    3 views1 page

    To To To: Source: From Frederking (1983)

    Uploaded by

    NEILS
    The document discusses adhesion strength of different materials to ice at various temperatures. It shows that wood, steel, and concrete have adhesion strengths of 470-480 kPa at temperatures between -1 to -3.5 degrees C, while wood has a much higher strength of 1380 kPa at -6 degrees C. It also includes a figure showing different ice forces on dock structures, including accumulated ice weight, horizontal thrust from wind/current on ice, dynamic impact from floating ice features, ice adhesion to piles, and vertical force from trapped ice between pile bracings.

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    of 1

    48 Port Design and Construction

    Table 1-10. Adhesion strength of some materials to ice

    Temperature Strength
    Material <•c) (kPa) Adhesion Source
    PVC (1981) -2.5 to -3 65 Frederking and Karri
    (1981, 1983)
    PE -2 to -3 59
    Concrete -1 to -3.5 440
    Wood -2 to -4 470
    Steel -1 to - 3.5 480
    Wood -6 1380 Parameswaran (1981)
    Concrete -6 840

    Source: From Frederking (1983).

    Increase
    wind area

    ttmber and
    concrete)
    LW I
    ¥

    Figure 1-14. Composite diagram of ice forces. (From Gaythwaite, 1981.)


    F0 = weight of ice accumulated upon the dock structure; FH =horizontal thrust
    due to wind or current effects on ice sheet or due to ice thermal expansion;
    Fg = dynamic impact by floating ice features, such as ice sheets, small bergs and
    so forth; Fu = force due ice adhesion to piles; Fv = vertical force due to weight of
    ice trapped between pile bracings.

    currents which break the ice formed in calm is well demonstrated at the port of
    water andjor retard freezing by replacing Montreal where the harbor basin some-
    the cool surface water with warmer water times acts as a storage for ice produced
    from below. At some locations, harbors have upstream. Shore harbors are filled less reg-
    a tendency to accumulate drifting ice. This ularly than harbors located in inland water-

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