INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Naming of
Architecture
Mainly on basis
of 2
things
:

→
Place :
like Greek f Romain Architecture .

→
Religion : like Muslim and Hindu Architecture .

worship structure ,
commemorative structure
Different phases It can be
mainly divided in 3
phases
:
and
Bapistuy
can

of a
period be
together
on

→ EARLY PHASE
different .

: ¥:
CHRISTIAN
ARCHITECTURE

Period Constantine ( King)

Christianity
Early adopted .

started worship They found that Basilica

Worshippers finding places to .

suited their
requirements .

christian architecture also called Basilican Architecture

Thus
early is

aphex{
* It is public

"ÉÉ
archie
church
Thus
mostly compose
1¥
:
a ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗

Place
of worship
→ *
. '
£
Place
of commemorative structure
\
✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
"

%
→
.

Baptistry .

Northern longitudinal structure

✗
✗ '

longitudinal centralized 4
✗

Basilica can be or .

✗
✗
✗ ✗
✗
,
✗

É;;É
✗
F-
✗
✗
✗ ✗
✗

none *

:
concentrated
Vertical
on the centre Ambulatory
side

centralized structure
volumes can draw lintels on the top
→
 Longitudinal church
Y were
prefaced
I

.eu#q.q.~- light
decorate natural from
top
section
Gg "¥zg
.

Cn anis
"
rn
"

/÷÷
-
.

E. M :
-
: A A

Triumphal
=
-

:
.
:
:

a
/
SECTIONS ( mightydecorated )
↳ false veiling arris
jimmying . ly -

section )
Mmm
☒ apse
→

☐
^'
÷÷i=
which
ST .
COSTANZA ( at ROME ) ab¥e
CLEMENTE 's [ at Rome , church
wasbioid
ST
'

new
-

surrounding tttaly )
→

spain ✓
france
fwiefsl
,
" Basilica dimensions

→ central part is
:÷::÷m
( centralised

( stirs mosolum)
church

higher
→ ( is semicircular
roof
.

mosaic design vault )

( large amount of decor )
→
→

→ have coupled columns

are covered with
arches .

→
longitudinal L basilican church)
decorated )
→ Guided Roof lhrgñly
Fine marble [ Red & white )
→
floor .

¥tiÉm
↳ vaulted
-
Roof
→ early christian Architecture started when the

emperor of Rome contained making new

churches .
In Rome ( Italy )
tucked
-

is
→ today _-o-

~** EASTERN
"

ROME

BA ( CONSTANTINOPLE )
k

}
Rome ie why
developed city
turkey
tanked }
capital was called eastern Rome

*r GREECE
ftp.the-E-is known as
byzantium
a
☒i i tradeeji g
}→
*
. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
*

* local
* Greek Rome, ,
Eastern side influential .

=) Bribe lines sand ,

crushed bricks ,
arches ,

domes ,
vaults he
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
✗
PANTHEON

#cwg_
↳

raft .

square base and a vivacity dome ,

→ dome

→
Building
 -

, i
PENDENTIVE

adopted by BygaoÉÉ¥→
using
-
- i : i -

sq base to

archesfxyj , have
circular base

Utri
angular pieces
king
tech ,

sponsored
'

Royal → vault
barrel vault)
BYZAMAIIYFUTVR.fi
a.
"" (

}
a
Golden mosial , blue , in Roman - archi .

By pieces glass lmosiac ) 9

of
Enter ion is swipe using brick ,
int .

was

highly decorative •
in
Byzantine arhi .

PIER structural element and

Aff
in a
big
surrounded brick PIER
by
BA
✗ 4 comme p •

☒ IN
✗ u arches

pfj.dz?aFFI--rfPf&ST.sopM1
( also known
CONSTANTINOPLE
as HAGIA SOPHIA )
① ↳ Built in 6thCENTURY
Justinian
↳ was rebuilt
by
AHHH VITALE RAVEENA

}
.

)
② ' "
cent

TH ST .

MARKS venue ce
nay

|
③
centralised church

! cross
form
- -
-
-

¥Éi¥
( 360 AD )

.IE:1?w:b1Inti.IdeIofhiwisdd-EE' (70×75) m
¥n form .

Feet ( dome dia)

100
byzantine -7107ft
( ✗2 semidome ) → su
ported
1×4 PIERS ) 9
→ 60 Feet ✗ 2s Ft .

lSlD0RTÉn
⑧

ITECTS

lprofesors of geometry )
stone at lower level ,
brick at higher
level .
 Ext .
is simple ,
int is
highlydome decorated -

1×401 windows at the base

of the .

head dome
fleshing on
.

=
→
(521
② ) & 532 AD

54ft 9inch ( int)

¥÷÷÷
-

supported on PIERS
-

central space is double

storey
.

CENTRAL IS ED .

detailed columns & floor .

geometric designs) & natural

C.

octagonal building .

Brick work outside .

Buttresses are
supports for walls .

Fix
__I-----ao÷
P'^→A°tÑ^^☐)@
(
③( 81 3) AD
( iithientury
) rebuilt
greek klan cross
Fee the
four sides are equal -

u
2ft .
dia
of dome -
Cares dome)
Religious depictions on the base
of dome -
Aluminum's
10312€
•
medieval period →
relating to middle
ages
→ wars were prevalent .

(1000-1500) AD
pg → religious influence
maps made
11000 112s )
→ were

regions
-

→
different in different
•

earlyAB medieval period

-

→
A-
1000 ( be giving)
12th it ended
By the end
of Century
.

→
-0-2

→ 1075 -
112s ( high period )
ROMAN ¥24T
→ ROMAN E QUE mean
.

. -

has the influence of Roman architecture -

→
Germany , france , Rome
, Byzantine archi ,

all these countries

f-
influenced .

They influence
f-
via war
.

Features

"n%y)
Barrel vaults

poof
→
circular

repaint
thick arches -

,
→ smaller windows .

→ reusable material

** desired to articulate →
+•

⑧
→ To * how
every part
how the structures
driving
↳

nicely and
force
basic

are
-

joined
detaikd-]
 ¥ this area

addition
was
emphasised
towers
→ of
→ entrance was
west in side

-mit bells
o÷ÉÉo use of cross

I
piers
for
www.st#!wmem-rnE
•

dike
-4
pillar
-
9
, ? I

É☒→t
←
Lri

arch at an

statues were kept ;rapid

in the gaps .

→ CROSS VAULT
thick walls
ad use of
Brick / stone were preferred materials
d- → thick
Italy , germany irregular shape in
walls ^

small avoid ones -

Interiors of building were darker .

Naive was
heights than aile -

Ambulatory
 * cross SHAPED
piers
piers

pocRUHFoR@eDRttI.t
support / either longitudinal
oremall)

tr" vault

¥Éµ
} 3 →semi
vault -

¥ÉH¥¥# outside Inside

passage
Annual
used semicircular arch , vault , detailing
In ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

→ CORBEL TABLE ( used Imf )

To SCULPTURAL DECORATION
used to
were
emphasis some
parts of
the
building
-

Jf¥
Inside wall
→
carving
.

use
of barrel vaults

☒
Groin vault ←
☒
#u1os1w#
IF 2 barrel vault cross

TYMPANUM ( decoration above door )

Recess above doors which make the
indoors look big
recess
.

Hµj # A
detailed fassades
-

detailed
C. articulated / very
.
→

most details were done

of on

icapitals ( column base ) ,

doors
etc .
 |§K§q→ capitals .

rainwater sprouts were also

decorated
- - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - -
- -
-

→ Building itlook well

integrated
inside outside
whether be
/ -

-8 Overall
emphasis is on the

.am#e-biuldingbyF-tfferent
articulate
types of
vaults and inside decoration
and outside .

2¥
 71031202
wall passage
done
decorations
.

are
where
place •
bit nubbin
obetvromani
"
T
GEM
RAN€
9
#
☒
WARM

¥ÉÉn¥n*@
mraiai i ÷¥÷¥:÷÷:
c- E
,
•
BYZANTINE

FRANCE

a-
÷¥
① &
• SICILY,
→
"
Saudi
DESIRETONRTICUt.AT#- Arabia

9
Muslim
Influence .
→ ITALY
f-

CI PISA CATHEDRAL
=

②→ PISA CAMPANILE
③→ PISA BAPTISTRY

N=I⑨→ church of MICHELE C[PAVIA I placed

⑤→ St. NICHOLA ( BARI )

FRANCIS
-
ANGOULEME
f- → ⑥
-
CATHEDRAL

NI→⑧sT .
ETIENNE CAEN

→ cENTRAUROPE

→ WORMS CATHEDRAL

echinate affects political influence}

{ money irreligion ,

** #→:÷a
-
architecture.

*sisters
* III
'

II
÷¥¥÷÷÷¥ ¥
-

"" "

-1 BAY

'
the churches had
of
most

vaulted roofs .

☒[ e

A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide

space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or
diagonal arched ribs

-4 Entrances were not

important
fassadas were decorated with
marble strips -

High columns
'

CORBEL TABLE →
?⃝
 81031202

groinvault#
→

stepsto
doors
were
smoke
there
the
along
door
book
big
-

Recessed jam -

-
 PISA CATHEDRAL

and white marble

Grey
→

→ Aisle were vaulted

timber
→ Naive was
of
→
Bronze doors

High detailing
Entrances
→
were
imp .

bell tower
capillary is a
→
.

→
city of Pisa

→ Burkett was Architect

→ HAD
completed
13th renewed
Century
→

longitudinal [ lioness Plant

→
Elliptical Dome
→

Religious defection on inside

of dome .

→ stone decorations in alter

Wooden
Roof
→

→
Roof have
gallants
→ Wall
arcading
 LEANING TOWER OF PISA [The campanile : Pisa]

→ 16m in diameter

→ 8
stony
→
Guiding Arcades

upper part tower has bell

of
→

→ Bell was
fined in 1350 AD

THE BAPTISTRY : PISA

→ was
developed in 1153-1265

→ Architect was Dio Salvi

→ circular plan
→
16ft Diameter
.

→ a
stony Aisle

Comical
→
roof
enteuioee arcade small detached
→ In
columns .
-

open of
→
Hemispherical roof from outside through
which penetrates conical domea .

→ Intuitions are well intend and decorated

very
→ Clean
stony windows .

well decorated with

→ Dome
weeny Architecture
golden mosaics
influenced by Byzantine .
 CHURCH OF MICHELE :

Wall divided
→ was in 3
half .

→
simple intentions

→ Buicks were used

→ Recessed Jams in Doors

→ 158
ft long
- 2 entrances

→
aisfowm Columns

walls load
were
bearing
→ .

small
passages
→

→ Wall
passages near the roof .

ST NICHOLA
. ( BARD
→
Influence of Roman

→ Enteuion simple
→
Interior Detailed

and
→

Diaphuam to
separate naive
apse .

→ Baldachino in alter ,
about bono