EEP ESMP-Aluto Geothermal Project (Draft Final)

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)
Geothermal Sector Development Project (GSDP)
Aluto Geothermal Project
Phase III
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
May 2020
ESMP – Document Production
Revision DATE Prepared By
Final (Original) Nov 2013 EEPC-Co-PLU
ESMP Document review-PIU
REV. no 00 Name Date Position

1. Mr. Hundessa Bekele (Team 1. Social expert II
Final Revision Leader)
2. Social expert I
2. Ms. Helen Ewnetu (member)
15/05/2020 3. Environmental Expert I
3. Mr. Ayele Banjaw (member)
4. Mr Temesgen Likisa (member) 4. Social expert II
ESMP- Geothermal Sector Development Project (GSDP) - Aluto Geothermal Project
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................. I
LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................................... VI
LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................................. VI
LIST OF ACRONYMS........................................................................................................................................ VII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................................................... 1
PROJECT COMPONENTS..................................................................................................................................................2
DRILLING OF DEEP GEOTHERMAL WELLS.....................................................................................................................2
Access road construction......................................................................................................................................................2
Construction of water supply pipelines................................................................................................................................3
Workers’ camps....................................................................................................................................................................3
Public Consultation...............................................................................................................................................................5
Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM).....................................................................................................................6
Community Services..............................................................................................................................................................7
Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building................................................................................................................8
Training and Capacity Building.............................................................................................................................................8
Estimated Environmental and Social mitigation Cost..........................................................................................................9
1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE.............................................................................................................. 10

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................10
1.2 PROJECT LOCATION........................................................................................................................................11
1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE.......................................................................................................................................11
1.4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................................11
1.4.1 Drilling of Deep Geothermal Wells........................................................................................................................13
1.4.2 Access road construction.......................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3 Construction of water Supply Pipelines.................................................................................................................15
1.4.4 Workers’ camps.....................................................................................................................................................15
1.4.5 Casing Storage.......................................................................................................................................................15
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMP.............................................................................................................................16
2 BASELINE INFORMATION................................................................................................................... 18
2.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT...............................................................................................................................18
2.1.1 Topography...........................................................................................................................................................18
2.1.2 Altitude..................................................................................................................................................................18
2.1.3 Geology..................................................................................................................................................................19
2.1.4 Soil.........................................................................................................................................................................19
2.1.5 Noise......................................................................................................................................................................19
2.1.6 Air Quality..............................................................................................................................................................21
2.1.7 Water Quality........................................................................................................................................................22
2.1.8 Effluent Discharges................................................................................................................................................24
2.1.9 Climate..................................................................................................................................................................25
2.1.10 Wind direction...................................................................................................................................................25
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2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT...........................................................................................................................26

2.2.1 Flora.......................................................................................................................................................................26
2.2.2 Fauna.....................................................................................................................................................................27
2.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT...................................................................................................................29
2.3.1 Population.............................................................................................................................................................29
2.3.2 Ethnic Composition................................................................................................................................................30
2.3.3 Settlement Pattern and Household Income..........................................................................................................30
2.3.4 Land use.................................................................................................................................................................30
2.3.5 Education...............................................................................................................................................................30
2.3.6 Health....................................................................................................................................................................31
2.3.7 HIV/AIDS................................................................................................................................................................32
2.3.8 Cultural and Historical Heritage............................................................................................................................32
3 POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORKS............................33

3.1. SOCIAL POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORKS...................33
3.1.2. National Population Policy................................................................................................................................35
3.1.3. Land Tenure Policy of Ethiopia..........................................................................................................................36
3.1.4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR EXPROPRIATION AND COMPENSATION...............................................................37
3.1.4.1. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation, Proclamation No.
455/2005 37
3.1.4.2. EEP’s/Strategy for Expropriation and Compensation.......................................................................................39
3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE.......................40

FRAME WORKS................................................................................................................................................. 40
3.2.1. The Constitution of FDRE..................................................................................................................................40
3.2.2. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE).............................................................................................................40
3.2.3. REGULATIONS, PROCLAMATIONS AND PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES.............................................................41
3.2.3.1. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002)............................................41
3.2.3.2. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation No. 300/2002)................................................42
3.2.3.3. Forest Resources Conservation Proclamation (1994).......................................................................................42
3.2.3.4. A Proclamation to Provide for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proclamation No.
295/2002) 42
3.2.3.5. Solid Waste management Proclamation (Proclamation 513/2007)................................................................42
3.2.3.6. Prevention of Industrial Pollution Regulation (Proclamation 159/2008).........................................................43
3.2.3.7. Water Resources Management Proclamation (197/2000)..............................................................................43
3.2.3.8. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guidelines Series (Series 1 and 2)...........................................43
3.2.3.9. Environmental guideline and plan....................................................................................................................44
3.2.3.10. Waste Handling and Disposal Guideline, 1997:...........................................................................................44
3.2.3.11. EIA Directive 1/ 2008, Directive to Determine Projects Subject to Environmental Impact Assessment......45
3.3. Ethiopia Geothermal Proclamation No. 981/2016................................................................................................45
3.4. THE AFRICAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GEOTHERMAL DRILLING...................................................................47
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3.5. MULTI - LATERAL AGREEMENTS (MLA)..........................................................................................................47

3.6. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LAND ADMINISTRATION AND USE AUTHORITY OF OROMIA REGIONAL STATE
48
3.7. THE MINISTRY OF WATER, IRRIGATION AND ENERGY (MOWIE)...................................................................48
3.8. EEP ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE POWER SECTOR.......................................................................48
3.9. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS OFFICE /ESMT/ OF EEP......................................................................49
3.10. ALUTO GEOTHERMAL PROJECT PHASE III PROJECT OFFICE...........................................................................50
3.11. THE WORLD BANK’S REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................50
3.12. THE BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES................................................................................................................51
4 PUBLIC CONSULTATION:.................................................................................................................... 55
4.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................55
4.2 STAKEHOLDERS IDENTIFICATION....................................................................................................................56
4.3 CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................57
4.4 FINDINGS OF THE CONSULTATIONS.................................................................................................................58
4.4.1 Consultation with Local administration and PAPs................................................................................................58
4.4.2 Consultation with Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE)...........................................................................59
4.4.3 Consultation with FDRE Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority (RVLBA)......................................................................60
5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS......................................................................................62

5.1 GENERAL........................................................................................................................................................62
5.2 POSITIVE IMPACTS..........................................................................................................................................62
5.2.1 Energy supply for improved livelihood outcomes.................................................................................................62
5.2.2 Creation of employment opportunities.................................................................................................................63
5.2.3 Social Services and Community Development.......................................................................................................63
5.2.4 Reduction of carbon dioxide emission...................................................................................................................64
5.3 NEGATIVE IMPACTS- BIO-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT......................................................................................65
5.3.1 Impacts associated with construction activities....................................................................................................65
5.3.2 Land Use................................................................................................................................................................67
5.3.3 Soil.........................................................................................................................................................................67
5.3.4 Noise......................................................................................................................................................................67
5.3.5 Air Quality..............................................................................................................................................................68
5.3.6 Water Quality........................................................................................................................................................71
5.3.7 Hazards/ Risks.......................................................................................................................................................71
5.3.8 Flora.......................................................................................................................................................................72
5.3.9 Fauna.....................................................................................................................................................................73
5.3.10 Impact on Birds.................................................................................................................................................73
5.3.11 Impact on hunting area....................................................................................................................................73
5.3.12 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety......................................................................................................74
5.4 NEGATIVE IMPACTS........................................................................................................................................75
5.4.1 Land Acquisition....................................................................................................................................................75
5.4.2 Residential Houses.................................................................................................................................................76
5.4.3 Impacts on Livelihoods..........................................................................................................................................77
5.4.4 Community Service................................................................................................................................................77
5.4.5 Historical, Cultural, Archaeological and Religious Sites........................................................................................77
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5.4.6 Impacts on Women...............................................................................................................................................78

5.4.7 Impacts on Vulnerable Groups..............................................................................................................................78
5.4.8 Community Health and Safety..............................................................................................................................79
5.4.9 HIV/AIDS................................................................................................................................................................80
5.4.10 Substance Abuse...............................................................................................................................................81
5.4.11 Conflict between Workers and Local Community.............................................................................................81
5.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY (OHS)................................................................................................82
5.5.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................................82
5.5.2 Potential EHS Hazards of the project....................................................................................................................82
5.6 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS...................................................................................................................................83
5.6.1 Cumulative Impact on Lake Ziway.........................................................................................................................83
5.6.2 Cumulative impacts on forest coverage................................................................................................................84
6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN..............................84

7 SITE SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS/SUB-PLANS......................................................................105
7.1 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION PLAN.....................................................................................................................105
7.2 COVID19 PROTOCOL FOR AGP............................................................................................................................106
7.3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN..............................................................................................................................106
7.4 GBV ACTION PLAN AND CODE OF CONDUCT...........................................................................................................106
7.5 SECURITY MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................................................108
7.6 OCHS ACTION PLAN..........................................................................................................................................108
7.7 STORE MANAGEMENT PLAN................................................................................................................................109
7.8 BORROW PIT MANAGEMENT PLAN........................................................................................................................110
7.9 LABOR INFLUX MANAGEMENT PLAN......................................................................................................................110
7.10 SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN...............................................................................................................................111
7.11 RECOMMENDED SUB-PLANS................................................................................................................................111
8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING............................................................................113
8.1 OVERVIEW....................................................................................................................................................113
8.2 MONITORING TO ESTABLISH BASELINE........................................................................................................114
8.3 MONITORING PLAN: CONSTRUCTION PHASE................................................................................................115
8.3.1 General................................................................................................................................................................115
8.3.2 Air Quality monitoring.........................................................................................................................................116
8.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring...................................................................................................................................118
8.3.4 Geothermal Brine water Monitoring...................................................................................................................119
8.3.5 Noise level Monitoring........................................................................................................................................119
8.3.6 Vegetation Clearance Monitoring.......................................................................................................................119
8.3.7 Waste disposal site monitoring...........................................................................................................................121
8.3.8 Monitoring of accidents......................................................................................................................................121
8.3.9 Social monitoring.................................................................................................................................................122
8.3.10 Community Health and Safety Monitoring.....................................................................................................122
8.3.11 Land acquisition..............................................................................................................................................122
8.3.12 GRM................................................................................................................................................................122
8.4 DECOMMISSIONING AND SITE RECLAMATION MONITORING.........................................................................123
9 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING..................................................136
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9.1 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF MAJOR ACTORS...........................................................................................136

9.1.1.1 Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)....................................................................................................137
9.1.2 Grievance Redress Procedures............................................................................................................................139
9.1.3 The Aluto Geothermal Project/site Office...........................................................................................................143
9.1.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Team.......................................................................................................143
9.1.5 The Contractor.....................................................................................................................................................144
9.1.6 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH)............................................................145
9.1.7 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MEFCC)..........................................................................145
9.1.8 Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE).............................................................................................146
9.1.9 Local NGOs..........................................................................................................................................................147
9.1.10 The Community...............................................................................................................................................147
9.2 REPORTING, SITE INSPECTION AND REVIEWING PROCEDURE.........................................................................147
9.2.1 General................................................................................................................................................................147
9.2.2 Monthly Site Inspection Report...........................................................................................................................150
9.2.3 Quarterly E&S Implementation Progress Report................................................................................................150
9.2.4 Site specific Management Plans/sub-plans........................................................................................................151
9.2.5 Accident Reporting Procedure.............................................................................................................................152
Figure 8-2: Indicative flow chart for the notification of incidents....................................................................................153
9.2.6 Record Keeping and Reporting............................................................................................................................153
9.3 TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING............................................................................................................153
9.3.1 Objectives of Training and Capacity Building:.....................................................................................................154
9.3.2 Types of the Training Programs..........................................................................................................................157
9.3.3 Seminar & Workshops for Various Stakeholder’s of the Project.........................................................................157
9.3.4 ESMP Monitoring Equipment & Procurement Plan.............................................................................................158
9.3.5 Summary of Implementation Cost of Training & Capacity Building...................................................................159
10 ESTIMATED COST FOR E&S MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION...............................................161

11 REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................... 162
ANNEXES.......................................................................................................................................................... 166
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1-1: ALUTO GEOTHERMAL PHASE III POWER PROJECT SITE MAP.........................................................................................12
FIGURE 1-2: WATER SUPPLY PIPE LINE MAP OF ALUTO GEOTHERMAL PROJECT................................................................................16
FIGURE 2-1: ALUTO TOPOGRAPHY FROM GOOGLE EARTH...........................................................................................................18
FIGURE 2-2: AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEVEL MONITORING LOCATIONS..........................................................................................20
FIGURE 2-3: WATER SAMPLING LOCATION...............................................................................................................................23
FIGURE 4-1: CONSULTATION WITH PAPS.................................................................................................................................57
FIGURE 4-2: DISCUSSION WITH ALUTO AND ABEY DENEBA KEBELE ADMINISTRATION......................................................................57
FIGURE 4-3: CONSULTATION WITH OROMIA FOREST & WILDLIFE ENTERPRISE (OFWE)...................................................................60
FIGURE 4-4: CONSULTATION WITH FDRE RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASIN AUTHORITY (RVLBA).............................................................61
FIGURE 5-1: MAP OF OROMIAFOREST AND WILD LIFE CONSERVATION: ALUTO RESERVED HUNTING AREA..........................................74
FIGURE 7-1: WILDLIFE MONITORING DATA SHEET...................................................................................................................112
FIGURE 8-1: REPORTING PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................141
FIGURE 8-2: INDICATIVE FLOW CHART FOR THE NOTIFICATION OF INCIDENTS.................................................................................143
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1-1: THE TOTAL WELL PADS LOCATION OF ALUTO LA-11D-LA-16D (SOURCE: ELC CONCEPTUAL MODEL
REPORT FINAL)...........................................................................................................................................................11
TABLE 1-2: DESCRIPTION OF ACCESS ROAD.......................................................................................................................11

TABLE 2-5: DAY AND NIGHT NOISE LEVELS AT ALL THREE LOCATIONS............................................................................16
TABLE 2-1: HYDROGEN SULPHIDE GUIDELINE VALUES......................................................................................................17
TABLE 2-2: EXISTING CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AT THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREA................................17
TABLE -2-3: BASELINE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SAMPLES........................................................................................18
TABLE 2-4: STANDARD FOR EFFLUENTS DISCHARGED ON LAND....................................................................................19
TABLE 2-7: MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE ZIWAY METEOROLOGICAL STATION (THE ONLY STATION IN THE AREA)
...................................................................................................................................................................................20
TABLE 2-8: MEAN MONTHLY RAINFALL /PRECIPITATION IN THE THREE ADJOINING METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS 20
TABLE 2-9: COMMON FLORA IN THE PROJECT SITE.......................................................................................................20
TABLE 2-10: COMMON AGRICULTURAL AND PERENNIAL CROPS IN THE PROJECT SITE:............................................21
TABLE 2-11: COMMON LIVESTOCK IN THE PROJECT SITE.............................................................................................21
TABLE 2-12: COMMON TYPE OF BIRDS IN THE PROJECT AREA......................................................................................21
TABLE 2-13: COMMON WILDLIFE IN THE PROJECT SITE................................................................................................22
TABLE 2-14: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROJECT AREA BY KEBELE.................................................23
TABLE 2-15: EDUCATION STATUS OF PROJECT BY KEBELE..........................................................................................23
TABLE 2-16: TOP COMMON DISEASES IN THE WOREDA................................................................................................24
TABLE 5-1: COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS...............................................................................................................47
TABLE 5-2: EFFECTS OF H2S AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION AND EXPOSURE TIME......................................................52
TABLE 5-3: EFFECT OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AT DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION................................................................52
TABLE 5-4:SUMMERY OF LAND ACQUISITION....................................................................................................................56
TABLE 6-1:ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS MITIGATION MEASURES: MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION PLAN...64
TABLE 7-1: RECOMMENDED SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS....................................................................................84
TABLE 7-2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING MATRIX..............................................................................86
TABLE 8-1: GRIEVANCES REGISTER....................................................................................................................................96
TABLE 8-2: TRAINING ELEMENTS AND CONTENTS........................................................................................................104
TABLE 8-3: SUMMARY OF CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING COSTS.........................................................................106
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TABLE 9-1: ESTIMATED COST OF MITIGATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS................................107
List of Annexes
ANNEX 1: SUMMARY OF PRELIMINARY LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR ES MONITORING PROGRAM.......................................................160
ANNEX 2: SPECIAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT-ESMP.............................................................................................................165
ANNEX 3: PROCEDURES FOR CHANCE FIND OF PHYSICAL CULTURAL RESOURCES..........................................................................170
ANNEX 4: SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED LIMITS OF H2S-OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AGENCY-UNDER CALIFORNIA
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY........................................................................................................................172
ANNEX 5: PROVISIONAL STANDARDS FOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL IN ETHIOPIA...............................................................173
ANNEX 6: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS & WASTE....................................................................174
ANNEX 7: PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY...................................................................................................176
ANNEX 8: GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR THE DISCHARGE OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS INTO INLAND SURFACE WATERS...........177
ANNEX 9: TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS DISCHARGED ON LAND FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSE.......179
ANNEX 10: WHO AIR QUALITY STANDARDS..........................................................................................................................180
ANNEX 11: IFC STANDARDS FOR AIR QUALITY AND NOISE.......................................................................................................181
ANNEX 12: WHO FUGITIVE PM EMISSIONS CONTROLS STANDARDS.........................................................................................182
ANNEX 13: IFC STANDARDS FOR POINT SOURCE AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS...............................................................................182
ANNEX 14 HAZARD SPECIFIC TO GEOTHERMAL PROJECTS..........................................................................................................183
ANNEX 15: SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION MEETINGS.............................................................................................................183
ANNEX 16: GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT LICENSE..................................................................................................................185
ANNEX 17: WATER USE PERMIT OF ALUTO GEOTHERMAL PROJECT.............................................................................................186
ANNEX 19: MINUTES OF MEETING WITH “OROMIA FOREST & WILDLIFE ENTERPRISE (OFWE)".....................................................188
ANNEX 20: MINUTES OF MEETING WITH FDRE RIFT VALLEY LAKES BASIN AUTHORITY (RVLBA)......................................................190
ANNEX 21: DRILLING SITE LAYOUT........................................................................................................................................197
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AAC Arbitration Appraisal Committee

AGP Aluto Geothermal Project
CSA Central Statistical Agency
EA Environmental Assessment
EEP Ethiopian Electric Power
EEPCo Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation
EEU Ethiopian Electric Utility
EMP Environmental Management Program
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
ERP Emergency Response Plan
ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
ESMS Environmental and Social Management Systems
ESMT Environmental and social monitoring team
FDRE The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GBV Gender Based Violence
GC Grievance Committee
GHC Grievance Hearing Committee
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GO Grievance Officer
GRC Grievance Redress Committee
GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism
GRS Grievance Redress Service
IPS Industrial Projects Services
km2 Square kilometer
LIMP Labor Influx Management Plan
LRP Livelihood Restoration Plan
masl Meters above sea level
MoANR Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources
MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
MoWIE Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity
mts Meters
OFWE Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise
PAPs Project affected Peoples
PAS Peasant Association
PCRs Physical Cultural Resources
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RIC Resettlement Implementation Committee
RPF Resettlement Policy Framework
RVLBA Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority
SNNPRS Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples ‘Regional State
TA Technical Assistance
TOR Terms of Reference
WB World Bank
WMEB Water, Mines and Energy Bureau
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Background
The Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP) is dominantly focus on the generation of electric power from
hydropower. About 90% of the energy comes from the hydropower, which power projects under
construction are predominantly hydro based. Since Ethiopia’s energy generation capacity is likely to be
affected by climatic change and variability and the prevailing drought, diversification of energy sources is
obviously important to provide quality service in energy supply and ensuring sustainable development.
Among other indigenous types of energy, geothermal energy has become more important as a base load
power. Geothermal potential survey was commenced in Ethiopia in 1969. Since then, step-by-step potential
surveys have identified more than 16 promising geothermal sites for electricity development. However,
development stages vary from site to site, only two sites, i.e., Aluto Langano site and Corbetti site, are being
developed towards commercial operation.
The ESIA conducted in 2013 on Geothermal Sector Development Project for Aluto Expansion Geothermal
Project site by Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO). The study recommended mitigation
measures and environmental management measures are effectively implemented during the drilling of the
Aluto Geothermal Power Expansion Project Phase III; and the anticipated environmental and social impacts
will have low significance.
And this Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III ESMP emanates from this ESIA studies which are disclosed in
2013 to update the knowledge gaps for implementation of the project. The Geothermal Sector Development
Project (GSDP) was approved by the World Bank’s Board on May 29, 2014
The Aluto Geothermal Project will be carried out around the existing Aluto Langano Geothermal Power
plant area, which is administratively located within the central – southern part of the main Ethiopian Rift
Valley about 200 km South East of Addis Ababa and is conveniently located in-Between Lakes Ziway and
Langano, In Oromia Regional State, Adami Tulu –Jido- Kombolcha Woreda. The study concerns an area of
investigations that covers a surface area of approximately 940 km 2, extending from 7°38’ to 7°58’ North and
from 38°41’ to 38°56’ East.
The scope of the Aluto Geothermal project in Phase III include the drilling of eight (8) wells, which are five
directional and three vertical wells particularly at Aluto field and Bobessa prospect including the civil works
and site development activities. It also covers the implementation of environmental and social management
and monitoring during the Project preparation and construction phase and ensures continual compliance with
the relevant national legislation and World Bank Safeguard Policies.
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The overall objectives of the project include increasing the level of knowledge of Aluto Geothermal Project
field to a level that would encourage developers to assume dependability for its development; and to develop
the potential geothermal natural resource for energy production. Whereas, the immediate Objectives are to:
 prove the deep, high temperature geothermal reservoir by drilling;
 provide geo-scientific and geothermal engineering information regarding its physical and chemical state as
well as its preliminary optimal production conditions;
 propose a program of appraisal drilling to delineate the resource, to determine its full development
potential, and develop the deep resource evaluated in phase III using phase II power plant installation. and
 design the power plant for execution under Phase III: Production drilling and construction of phase III
power plant.
The main objective of this Aluto Langano Geothermal project Environmental and Social Management Plan
(ESMP) is to specify and develop requirements, procedures, and plans to minimize and mitigate
environmental and social impacts of the Phase III Aluto Geothermal Power generation project.
Project Components
Drilling of Deep Geothermal Wells
 Drill well site preparation, that is excavation of top soil and compaction of the ground at the drill pads
in order to create stable ground capable of carrying the “rig and its structure”. The pads have
dimensions of: 170 m (L) X 75 m (W), 100 m (L) X 50 m (W) and 100 m (L) X 80 m (W).
 Construction of Drilling effluent ponds: Excavation of the soil for establishment of drilling effluent
capture ponds to contain the effluents discharged during drilling. The ponds have dimensions of: 50 m
(L) X 25 m (W) X 2 m (D) (D=depth), 50 m (L) X 40 m (W) X 2 m (D) and 40 m (L) X 40 m (W) X 2
m (D). These effluent evaporation ponds will be constructed adjacent to the drilling pad.
 Transportation of the rig and its accessories to the project site.
 Drilling of 2200m - 2,500 m deep eight (8) geothermal wells using circulating water and testing.
 Well testing of the wells to be drilled.
Access road construction
Access road construction is anticipated to the proposed drilling pads, effluent containments ponds, water
ponds/tankers, waster abstraction site along water pipe, etc.
Borrow pit site/ Quarry sites

For the purpose of construction of access roads six borrow pit/quarry sites are identified for the use of
selected materials for access road construction.
A written approval for use of the proposed site shall be obtained from Woreda administration on 05/13/2011
E.C. The areas of lands acquired are 0.38055 and 0.2727 hectare in Abayi Deneba kebele. In Golba Aluto
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kebele, the size of the three borrow pit/quarry site acquired are: 0.3600, 0.1509 and 0.3600 hectare. In Aluto
kebele, the land acquired for the borrow pit/quarry site for the construction of access road is 0.3600 hectare.
The lands acquired for the quarry sites are communal and it has limited social impacts since there are no
households displaced for this purposes. Furthermore, the sites are properly selected through consultation
with the concerned community and there are none or limited vegetations in the areas and it has no significant
environmental impacts. In addition to this, negotiations are reached with the local community on the
operation of borrow pit/quarry sites, outlines potential risk to the community, proposes mitigation measures
to control and minimize such risks and presents restoration plans.
Construction of water supply pipelines
The construction of pipeline for drilling water supply is one of the main activities of the project. 8 and 8.5
km of double water supply pipeline will be constructed starting from Lake Ziway following the existing
pipeline which was constructed during the previous phase. Once the pipelines approach to the site its
network will run from each of wells to the generation plant.
The water supply tanker
The main source of water supply for drilling construction and other activities of the project is from
Lake Ziway based on the permission acquired from Rift valley lake basin authority. The water will
be supplied by centrifugal forces from the lake by two pipe lines and store in the tanker which is
established in the highest peak of the project site. The water is discharged to drilling areas and all
project site activities by gravity.
Workers’ camps
The contractor will construct workers camp near the power plant. This will help the workers to easily reach
to the power generation plant.
Spoil disposal
The waste generated from geothermal project mostly comes from the rig operations, excavation,
campsites, etc. It consists of plastic containers, cartons, scrap metals and other food/domestic refuse
(paper, food remains) generated from camp sites and staff canteen. Best waste management
practices should be adopted in dealing with all kinds of waste generated. Generally, the waste
disposal system of the project shall be with the consideration of national and international accepted
integrated waste management practices which consider national laws on waste management.
Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures
 The Project has positive impacts for the country and the community around the project area.
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 The project increases the level of electricity generating capacity of the country.
 Geothermal is environmentally friendly energy generation technology.
 The easy and sustainable access to the electric power supply in villages and towns would ease the
burden on women.
 Employment will increase and thus enhance the economy and livelihood
of households and lower unemployment rate temporarily and permanently.
 Infrastructure will be improved around the project implementation area.
 Anticipated Negatives impacts and the proposed mitigation measures
 Health impacts (such as sound pollution during operational periods, release of H 2S and other
gases) and environmental impacts (as, loss of biodiversity, alteration of the naturally existing
environmental settings and change in the local drainage) are identified and every impact are
addressed through implementation of mitigation measures recommended under this report and
according the local and international standards and laws.
 The project has land acquisition therefore the community who will be affected by the proposed
project implementation shall need to be resettled by providing an appropriate compensation
according to Ethiopian resettlement proclamation.
 Impact on vulnerable groups losing their income and livelihood will be met with compensation
policy and appropriate mitigation and enhancement measures.
 In order to minimize risk on health and safety of workers and local communities a training
program and preventative safety measures will be put in place.
 Cultural conflicts due to influx of workers with culture differences and religion will be met with
provision of information and training and development and implementation of Code of Conduct
(COC).
 Disturbance of cemeteries, archeological and other culturally significant sites will be avoided
by/when selecting site for the operation. If this impact prevails it will be managed as per the
national institution in charge of cultural heritage and through preparation and implementation of
chance find procedures (annex 3).
 The waste generated from any of the project activities will be managed as explained in this
management plan.
 The workers participating in the project are considered by implementing proper Occupational
Health and Safety measures.
The Environmental and Social Mitigating and Management plan describes the range of environmental and
social issues associated with the project and outlines corresponding management strategies that will be
employed to mitigate potential adverse environmental and social impacts. The ESMP is designed to identify
mitigation measures to avoid and/or reduce impacts from the project; also describes the roles and
4
responsibilities of participating parties and key personnel for the implementation of the mitigation measures
and identify procedures to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented adequately during all phases
of project construction. Most of the project environmental and social management activities will be carried
out during the construction phase. These impacts are principally associated with drilling, excavation for
pads, work camps, access road, quarries development, and spoil disposal areas, and the presence of large
labor force.
The Project’s environmental and social management plan is consisting of a series of recommendations and
mitigation measures. Each environmental and social mitigation measures are discussed at the respective
environment and social mitigation section. The mitigation measures are designed to address environmental
and social impacts generated due to proposed project construction and operation activities. The contractor is
responsible for implementing construction related environmental mitigation and monitoring measures
indicated in this report and measures specified in the contract bid document. EEP will be fully responsible
for implementing the resettlement action plan (RAP) in relation to the implementation of the project.
Upon completion of construction, EEP will be responsible for implementing environmental and social
management measures associated with operation of the Aluto Langano Geothermal Phase III Project.
Monitoring programs are developed to ensure that these impacts during construction and operation phases of
the project are effectively mitigated and controlled.
Public Consultation
Consultation was carried out with various stakeholders, PAPs, community elders and local officials on
April02 and May 03, 2018.. The identified stakeholders for consultations are selected from Federal,
Regional, Zonal, Woreda, and Kebele levels. Consultation was made mainly with woreda and kebele level
government offices as these are the immediate and the primary responsible governmental bodies for any
development activities taking place within their administrative boundaries.
During public consultations with PAPs, Kebele chairperson administration representatives and elders, a
number of important points were raised and discussed. Compensation was a major concern to the
stakeholders. They expressed positive attitudes and good impressions on the project; however, PAPs
requested that in the event that adequate compensation shall be paid for the assets that are expected to be
taken by the project. They pointed out responsible and transparent labor employment system; proper
compensation for assets that will be affected by the project shall be considered. In order to get formal and
legal decisions, grievance committee needs to be established, active and responsive as prompt as possible
because court procedures are, by far, resource consuming.
Continuous consultations will be made with communities, stakeholders, and relevant local administrations in
order to solve social, environmental, health and safety risk and impact issues arising during the project
implementation period.
5
Consultation was held with Oromiya Forest & Wildlife Enterprise at (OFWE) East Shewa district office
found at Modjo on July 25, 2018; aimed to work in collaboration to reduce the impact of the project on the
hunting area. During the consultation different questions arise by the OFWE experts and answered by the
project staff and also discussed on a number of recommended options of mitigation measures. Some of the
issues raised by the OFWE experts are:
 Although the anticipated project impacts are minimal, the proposed mitigation measures should be
implemented as soon as possible during and after the implementation of the project.
 The project shall be prepare a plan to reduce the impacts on endemic plants by using offset planting or
replanting of indigenous species which can be easily adopt the climate of the area. This needs to be
implemented together in close collaboration with the woreda agricultural offices and community
members residing within and round the project area.
 The Proper compensation must be given to the societies which living outside the hunting area and for the
societies which are living before it become the property of OFWE.
The Rift valley Lakes Basin Authority is the other institution covered by the consultation process; The

RVLBA experts have reviewed the Aluto ESIA prepared in 2013, and based on their review submitted their
recommendations. Some of the issues raised the RVLBA experts are:
 As Lake Ziway is the only source of fresh water for agricultural and industrial activities in the area, if it
is technically feasible it is better to use another option.
 The experts recommended that to get maximum amount of water from Lake Ziway with minimum
abstraction impact, it is better to start abstraction of Lake Water in the rainy seasons and collect at the
site for the dry season.
 The project shall be designed to efficiently use the harvested water.
 Continuous water quality monitoring must be conducted over the project implementation period
So, the project office express it commitment to implement appropriate measures and advise the contractor
accordingly on the comments from the RVLBA team of experts .
Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
During the planning and execution of the Project, stakeholders (mostly the communities in the vicinity of the
project implementation sites may have certain grievances in respect to the project activities, their impacts,
compensation and other resettlement related operations such as affected crops, trees or other assets not
identified correctly, compensation inadequacy or inappropriateness, dispute about property ownership, delay
in disbursement of compensation, etc. In order to address such eventualities, the Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM) will be devised with meaningful consultation of the community and facilitated by EEP
and responsible Local Administration bodies. The main objective of the GRM will be to provide a
mechanism to mediate conflict and cut down on lengthy litigation, which often delays the implementation of
planned project activities. Therefore, to receive, review and address complaints in line with project related
6
complaints, a GRM committee will be established at project implementation Woreda (Adami Tulu –Jido-
Kombolcha), representing PAPs, EEP/Project Coordination Office, relevant Woreda/ Kebele sector Offices,
elders/ religious leaders and other members. The committee will be headed by the Woreda Administrator.
Community Services
Even though there are no infrastructures or facilities such as schools, health institutions to be affected by
Aluto Geothermal phase III project, it is essential to plan the availability of these facility to compensate
PAPs who have lost their total land, property and public grazing land and for those affected vulnerable
groups, if applicable. Among others the following facilities are recommended as a compensation for loss of
public grazing land and other assets and ensure the livelihood of the vulnerable groups and other affected
people.
Water supply:
Water is not available near the project implementation area. The only available water is Lake Ziway, which
is 10 km long from the project site and takes about an average of 2 to 3 hours to fetch water. This is a
challenge for the human as well as cattle drinking. The Lake Ziway is currently used by other beneficiaries,
such as flower farming, small scale irrigation activities, etc. who frequently abstract water from the Lake.
Currently the Lake is having issues due to the flower farms and irrigation in terms of water quality and
quantity. Therefore, proper consideration of the existing Lake situation is mandatory and thus to minimize
such burden on the Lake and PAPs, the drilling contractor must develop and implement appropriate
abstraction schedule and procedure and afford alternative water supply for the communities residing around
Abey Deneba, Golba Aluto and Aluto Kebeles. The water can be supplied either from ground water (its
chemistry must be tasted whether suitable for human/cattle drinking or not) or from Lake Ziway with
consideration of no or limited impact on the Lake Ziway water quantity.
School:
Harawa, Sedicho and Leqansho primary schools, which are found at Golba Aluto and Abey Deneba Kebeles
respectively, are found near the road. This location which has pronounced traffic noise would affect the
learning- teaching process. As the classes are constructed from wooden frame and plastered with mud,
students are suffering from dust and noise. Besides, the classes are found to be with limited facilities like
desk and chair. Therefore, the contractor with community participation schemes shall upgrade these schools
with the required facilities over the project period.
Youth center:
In order to make the youths residing nearby the project site more productive and creating an addict-free
community, it is envisioned by the project, in consultation with the Kebele/Woreda Administration and
community members, to consider the establishment of youth center as a community development program in
an appropriate and prioritized location within the Woreda.
7
Institutional Arrangement and Capacity Building
The implementation responsibility of the ESMP mainly rests on EEP and the Contractor to ensure sound
implementation of environmental and social mitigation and enhancement measures stated in the document.
The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change ministry (MEFCC) will oversee all the environmental and social management implementation
activities related to the project. MoWIE is also an institution delegated by MEFCC to review and clear this
ESMP and other safeguards instruments prepared for this project. The Agricultural, Occupational safety,
Health and Education Offices and other stakeholders will be involved with their specific responsibilities in
the environmental and social safeguards and health and safety management activities that will be
implemented at different phases of the proposed project, i.e., pre-construction, construction, operation, and
decommissioning phases.
The principal actors involved in the management and monitoring of environment and social concerns related
to the implementation of the Project are the following:
 The Aluto Geothermal Project/site Office,
 The Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)
 Environmental and social Monitoring Team (ESMT) under EEP
 The Contractor
The Supervision Engineer (SE).However, it is recognized that:
 The Community, including Project affected peoples (PAPs)
 The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE),
 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH),
 Ministry of Labor and Social Services (MoLSA)
 Bureau of labor and Social Services (BoLSA)
 Other relevant sector ministries,
 Local NGOs (as required) are also members of stakeholders who may play an affirmative role in the
process of the project implementation.
Training and Capacity Building
The Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) at project level under EEP will carry out
environmental and social management and monitoring programs with serious limitations in undertaking
safeguards activities. This mainly due to limited capacity on E&S management and inadequate training
facility of staffs on environmental, social and safety matters, insufficient budgets, office facilities, and
equipment. As the EEP’s ESMT is responsible for the implementation of environmental and social
safeguards and health and safety management, there is a need for strengthen ESMT’s capacity in these area
to ensure sound implementation of safeguards over the Aluto Geothermal Power Project Phase III
implementation period. The capacity building program will therefore be necessary for the ESMT team in
8
terms of development of the staff capacity in environment and social planning and monitoring. The team
shall also be strengthened in all necessary facilities such as IT equipment, field monitoring equipment,
vehicles, and offices with furniture. Accordingly, budget must be allocated for the staffs (ESMT) for the
monitoring and operation of the safeguards.
Since the ESMT is responsible for ensuring the quality of the environmental and social assessment, and
management process, and review & update the RAP, ESIA & ESMP plans and monitoring of the
implementation of these instruments, the capacity building program for the ESMT staff should be considered
by the project as a prime importance.
It is proposed that the training should be aimed at EEPs (the Projects) personnel and in particular, the staff
members of the Project ESMT, together with Federal EPA and Regional Offices of Environmental
protection, Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity, members of the Environment Advisor Panel
and the various local committee members who are stakeholder’s of the Project. Training arrangements
would need to be discussed in detail with EEP’s (the Project) ESMT, MoWIE, and EPA, to establish precise
objectives and requirements, so that the course content can be specifically targeted at real time needs.
Details of the proposed training session, type, content and modality, cost, etc. are explained in this ESMP
document.
Estimated Environmental and Social mitigation Cost
The total environmental and social management, mitigation, monitoring and training costs are summarized
in Table 9.1 and the indicative budget amounts is about ETB 12,596,911.33 or 399,901.95 USD. Costs
associated with several environmental, social and safety management and mitigation plans are integral part
of the construction contract and no separate budget is necessary to cover these aspects.
9
1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1 Project background
The existing power generation source of the Government of Ethiopia (GoE) is dominantly from hydropower,
which is about 90% of the energy sources comes from the existing and under construction hydropower plants
found at different parts of the country. In addition to the hydropower plants, the country have one wind-
based power plant of 120 MW capacity is also in the pipeline. The current Ethiopia’s energy generation
capacity which is mainly based on hydropower plants is likely to be affected by drought due to climatic
change and variability. To overcome the possible development problems which are resulted from climate
change and uncertainties, the diversification of energy development is very important.
Currently the Ethiopian Government has embarked upon various plans and programs to explore and develop
different energy resources (i.e., wind, geothermal, solar and hydropower) to achieve the major goals of
accelerating economic growth and ultimately to reduce poverty. Among others, geothermal energy is one of
the energy resources of the country. Along the Ethiopian Rift Valley, about 14 sites (i.e., Dalol, Tendaho,
Abbe, Teo, Danab, Meteka, Dofan, Fantale, Kone, Gedemsa, Tulu Moye, Aluto Langano, Corbetti and
Abaya) were investigated for their geothermal energy potential which extends some 400 km NNE from
latitude of 60 N to latitude of 90 N and currently EEP owns and operates the Aluto Langano geothermal pilot
plant in Oromia region and Alalobad- Tendaho in Afar region.
The ESIA took place in 2013 on Geothermal Sector Development Project for Aluto Expansion Geothermal
Project site by Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCO) recommended that if mitigation measures
and environmental management measures are effectively implemented during the drilling of the Aluto
Geothermal Power Expansion Project Phase III, the anticipated environmental and social impacts will have
low significance.
Furthermore it recommends, the importance of public consultation process continue throughout the project
implementation period and that local residents’ feel that they are involved in the project and their views and
concerns are being adequately considered as an input in the project planning and implementation process.
The ESIA concluded that with proper implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures,
Resettlement Policy Framework /RPF/, and Environmental and Social Management Plan /ESMP/ explained
any adverse impacts induced by the project can be mitigated. And this Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III
ESMP basis this ESIA which is cleared in 2013 to update the knowledge gaps for implementation of the
project.
The Geothermal Sector Development Project (GSDP) was approved by the World Bank’s Board on May 29,
2014. The project committed 203 million USD (178.5 million USD in the form of a credit and 24.5 million
USD as a grant from Scaling up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) under the Climate Investment Fund.
The objective of the project was to develop geothermal resources in Ethiopia through drilling up to 22 deep
10
geothermal wells at Aluto and 4 deep geothermal wells at Alalobad to access the potential for electrical
power generation at each site. The project scope include procurement of 2 drilling rigs with accessories;
procurement of drilling consumables and drilling services; scientific and technical support; and management
and supervision support.
The scope of the Aluto Geothermal project in Phase III include the drilling of eight (8) wells out of the
twenty-two (22) of which the drilling of two (2) was completed in phase II parts of the project. Therefore,
the drilling of eight (8) wells and associated works in the Part One of Phase III of Aluto Geothermal project
considered here in after as “the Project”. Given the two wells drilling activities were completed, the scope of
this ESMP Part One of Phase III (the Project) mainly focuses on the drilling activities of eight (8) wells and
other accessory and associated facilities.
1.2 Project Location
The Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III will be carried out around the existing Aluto Langano Geothermal
Power plant area. Administratively, it is located within the central – southern part of the main Ethiopian Rift
Valley about 200 km south east of Addis Ababa. It is conveniently located in-between Ziway and Langano
lakes, in Oromia Regional State, Adami Tulu –Jido- Kombolcha Woreda. The study concerns an area of
investigations that covers a surface area of approximately 940 km, extending from 7° 38’ to 7° 58’ North and
from 38° 41’ to 38° 56’ East (See Figure 1 -1: Aluto geothermal Phase III power project site map).
1.3 Project Objective
The overall objective of the project is to increase the development of potential geothermal resource for
energy production in sustainable way. Whereas, the immediate Objectives include:
 ensure the availability of deep high temperature geothermal reservoir by drilling;
 provide geo-scientific and geothermal engineering information regarding its physical and chemical state
as well as its preliminary optimal production conditions;
 propose a program of appraisal drilling to delineate the resource, to determine its full development
potential, and to develop the deep resource evaluated in phase III using phase II power plant
installation; and
 design the power plant for execution under Phase III: Production drilling and construction of phase III
power plant.
1.4 Project description
The GoE proposes to construct up to eight (8) well pads and drilling of eight (8) geothermal wells to explore
geothermal power resource around Aluto Langano area. The project is called Aluto Langano Geothermal
Power Project- Phase III and is located in Oromia Regional state at Adami Tulu-Jido-Kombolcha woreda.
The project would involve the following major components:
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 Drilling of 20 Deep geothermal wells, which 8 wells will be drilled during phase III of component
one,
 Access Roads Rehabilitation: Rehabilitate existing access roads extending from Adami Tulu camp
to project site , to the drilling sites, to lake Ziway, and construct spur roads to the drilling sites, and
to quarry site and spoil disposal site near the project site.
 Well Pads: Construct 8 well pads, each with a surface area of 0.5 to 1.2 hectares. with watertight
tanks or open reserve pits for discharge of mud and geothermal fluids produced during the
production tests.
 Evaporation Ponds or Soak Pits: Evaporation ponds or soak pits may be constructed, as needed for
the discharge of geothermal fluid from the long-term well tests.
 Water Supply: Obtain water supply for drilling from Lake Ziway which is about 8 & 8.5 km 10
inch double Pipeline following the existing pipeline alignment.
 Water Pipelines: Construct pipelines for water supply from Lake Ziway and discharge of
geothermal fluids.
 Worker Camp: Establish a camp for workers and security officers.
 Storage Area: Construct a temporary storage area.
 Test: Flow test wells to determine commercial potential.
Figure 1-1: Aluto geothermal Phase III power project site map
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1.4.1 Drilling of Deep Geothermal Wells
Drilling of eight (deep geothermal wells is planned in the third phase of the Aluto geothermal power plant
expansion project. The eight (8) deep geothermal wells drilling activities will be carried out around the
existing Aluto Langano Geothermal power plant (Table 1.1-1.3).
In order to expand the Aluto Geothermal resource to its full potential, a study on the power development has
been conducted by GSE and Japanese Consultants. The deep geothermal wells are intended to produce 70
MW electric power which ultimately contributes for the diversification of energy sources in the country,
since most of the country’s power generation (about 99.3 %) depends on hydropower.
The eight (8) geothermal deep wells which will be excavated over the project Phase III period comprises of
the following main activities:
 Drill well site preparation, that is excavation of top soil and compaction of the ground at the drill pads
in order to create stable ground capable of carrying the “rig and its structure”. The pads have
dimensions of: 170 m (L) X 75 m (W), 100 m (L) X 50 m (W) and 100 m (L) X 80 m (W).
 Construction of Drilling effluent ponds: Excavation of the soil for establishment of drilling effluent
capture ponds to contain the effluents discharged during drilling. The ponds have dimensions of: 50 m
(L) X 25 m (W) X 2 m (D) (D=depth), 50 m (L) X 40 m (W) X 2 m (D) and 40 m (L) X 40 m (W) X 2
m (D).
 Transportation of the rig and its accessories to the project site.
 Drilling of 2,500 m deep four geothermal wells using circulating water and testing.
 Disposal of the drilling effluents to evaporation ponds.
 Well testing of the eight (8) wells to be drilled,
Table 1-1: The total well pads Location of Aluto LA-11D-LA-16D (Source: ELC Conceptual model report
final)
Well Coordinates Elevation Vertic Measured Azim KOP Dev.
(WGS84) (m a.s.l.) al Depth (m) uth (m) Angle (°)
N E Depth
(m)
LA-11D 862 477 500 1944 2500 2750 120 500 30
559
LA-12D 862 477 372 1911 2500 2750 120 500 30
149
LA-13D 861 670 476 900 1885 2500 2750 TBD 500 30
LA-14 861 670 476 900 1885 2500 2500 N/A N/A N/A
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LA-15D 861 670 476 900 1885 2500 2750 TBD 500 30
LA-16D 861 670 476 900 1885 2500 2750 TBD 500 30
BB-01 860 788 480 197 2030 2000 2000 N/A N/A N/A
BB-02 859 890 480 253 2065 2000 2000 N/A N/A N/A
1.4.2 Access road construction
Access road construction is anticipated to the proposed drilling pads and effluent containments ponds which
requires land acquisition. Therefore, together with other facilities impacts due to access road will be
addressed through implementation of recommended measures stated under this ESMP. 3.67 hectares of
farmland will be required to expand some of the Existing Roads and to construct new one.
Access roads (new or existing) will be constructed and/or upgraded to ensure the transit of heavily loaded
trucks as specified in the following table.
Table 1-2: description of Access road

Description Route Approximate Present Required Works
Length (km) Condition
Road 1 Aluto Site-LA14-D 1 Rough track Upgrading
Road 2 Aluto Site-LA12-D 2 Rough track New Road Construction
Road 3 Aluto Site-BB-02-BB-01 3.5 Rough track New Road Construction
Road 4 Lake Ziway - Aluto Site 8 Rough road Upgrading
Road 5 Adami Tulu - Aluto Site 15 Feeder road Repairs
The access roads have to be designed according to the requirements of the Design Manuals issued by the
Ethiopian Roads Authority and in particular complying to the DC3 (unpaved road) of ERA 2013 manual.
The road construction/upgrading works must comply with the following main criteria:
- 6 m wide carriage way with 2 lanes;
- 1 m wide side banks;
- maximum 10% gradient;
- curves with minimum 20 m radius;
The required amount of compensation for the land to be acquired will be managed through the RAP prepared
in line with this ESMP. Thirty-four (34) households will be impacted and all compensation payment will be
effected for the affected PAPs before the construction started.
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1.4.3 Construction of water Supply Pipelines
The construction of pipeline for drilling water supply is one of the main activities of the project. Based on
the permission acquired from Rift valley lake basin authority, lake Ziway is the main source of water for all
activities of the project (see annex 16). Two new water supply lines which are 8 & 8.5 km long will be
constructed starting from Lake Ziway following the existing pipeline which was constructed during the
previous phase. Once the pipelines approach to the site its network will runs to each of wells and the workers
camp. The network of water line and other corresponding path to the drilling site are briefly indicted on
Figure 1-3 below.
1.4.4 Workers’ camps
The contractor will construct workers camp on the previously EEP owned place near the existing power
plant. This will help the workers to easily reach to the power generation plant. The power plant is planned to
be constructed on the previously owned place by EEP. Therefore, there is no extra land acquisition.
1.4.5 Casing Storage
An area of 100x100 m for storage of casing and of other materials required for drilling of the planned wells
shall be arranged at the Project site near the construction camp. The land at which the casing storage is
constructed had already owned by EEP during the Aluto Geothermal Project I. The land is currently used for
storage accompanied by open land with no other occupation/use. The area will be leveled, compacted,
graveled and fenced. A warehouse (30x15 m plan dimensions) made of steel structures with siding/roofing
panels shall be constructed inside the yard. The permanent/temporaryspill containment structure to reduce
the impacts of flood is will be established.
15
Figure 1-2: Water Supply pipe Line map of Aluto geothermal project
1.5 Objectives of the ESMP
The general objective of the Aluto Geothermal Phase III Project ESMP is to develop procedures and plans to
ensure that the mitigation measures included in the Environmental and Social Impact Statement will actually
be carried out during the construction and operation phases of the project. The detail objectives of this ESMP
are to:
 Provide guidelines and directions to identify and implement the environmental and social Management
and monitoring of the development of Aluto geothermal power project Phase III.
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 Ensure that sound management of any environmental and social changes due to the activities of
developing Aluto geothermal power project Phase III.
 Preserve and maintain environmental quality around the development of Aluto geothermal project Phase
III and power plant project area.
 Enhance and further develop the positive environmental and social impacts and to control the negative
impacts arising from the development of Aluto geothermal project Phase III plant.
 Establish mechanisms to coordinate environmental and social management activities with relevant
government agencies.
 Identify impacts associated with the project activities and develop the respective mitigation measures for
identified environmental and social impacts to incorporate into construction schedules and activities.
 Develop further environmental and social provisions through a series of Site Environmental and social
Management Plans and procedures
 Define the specific actions required, roles and responsibilities for these actions, time table for
implementation, and associated costs
 Describe capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the ESMP, and define a
proposed institutional structure to govern the implementation of the ESMP.
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2 BASELINE INFORMATION
2.1 Physical Environment
2.1.1 Topography
The landscape in the Adami Tulu –Jido- Kombolcha Woreda falls mostly in the Central Ethiopian Rift
Valley and is a plain land except towards the proposed geothermal resource site. The area is located on a flat
land with loose pyroclastic material, dotted by hilly morphologies around the peripheries, composed of
mainly volcanic rocks.
The site is situated between two lakes, Lake Ziway to the north and Lake Langano to the south. There are
fumaroles seen here and there (Figure 2.1). The geothermal resource site to be drilled is at the foot of these
mountains. Since the area is a plain land, farmers living in the area cultivate annual agricultural crops and
rear cattle. The plain land has some scattered acacia trees whilst on the mountains there are many species of
shrubs and bushes.
Figure 2-3: Aluto topography from Google earth
2.1.2 Altitude
The project site’s elevation is 1,956 m.a.s.l. and rises about 690 m above the surrounding Adami Tulu plain,
which has an elevation of about 1,266m a.s.l.
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2.1.3 Geology
The project area is composed of mainly volcanic rocks and some lacustrine and alluvial sediment. The
volcanic rhyolite lava flows, basalt lava flows, ignimbrites and pumices pyroclastic form the volcanic massif
of the Aluto Volcano and the sediments are distributed on the flat plains and depressions.
2.1.4 Soil
The soil in the surrounding area is formed from the weathering of the very young acid pyroclastic rocks and
is mainly grey soil with low fertility. As the result of analysis from Ziway soil laboratory indicate, PH level
of soil within the project implementation area vary between 7.4 and 9.5. Therefore acidity of the Soil as a
result of this project is not expected due to good sodic nature of the soil.
2.1.5 Noise
Noise will be emitted from geothermal fluid escaping during well drilling, working noise, and vibration and
well testing that are the only temporary noise sources. Thus, it is deemed to have a minor impact on the
environment and surrounding community. The environmental standards for noise are established by the zone
type for residential, commercial and industrial and by time division into daytime and nighttime (Table 2.4).
19
Baseline data for Noise and air quality was collected at noise sensitive receptors in the Study Area. There are
some receptors that may potentially be affected during all phases of the proposed Project. These include the
nearby villages located around the proposed drill pads. For both air quality and noise level measurements
three locations were chosen as the best spot to measure the ambient levels. These locations are shown in the
figure below.
Figure 2-4: Air quality And Noise level monitoring locations

In the table below the measured equivalent noise levels for day and night are given for each location. The
results of NML1 and NML2 on the night are closer to Ethiopian Guideline limit value, which were 45.2 dB
(A) and 44.9 dB (A) respectively. But all the remaining noise level results are under limit values of both
WHO and Ethiopian guidelines.
Table 2-3: Day and night noise levels at all three locations
Time period Limit value NML1 NML2 NML3
dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A)
Day (08:00-22:00) WHO 55 48.4 48.5 45.1
Night (22:00-08:00) WHO 45 43.5 43.5 41.4
Day (06:00-18:00) ETH. 55 49.6 49.8 45.1
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Night (18:00-06:00) ETH. 45 45.2 44.9 41.4

Source: TS Environment Technology1 (field Sample analysis, 2020)
2.1.6 Air Quality
The geothermal power station operates by collecting steam from the geothermal fields. The steam is used to
drive turbines which generate electrical energy. The used steam is discharged as liquid water and vapor
/steam. The water vapor or steam which is 99 % harmless in the atmosphere, but it is associated with non-
condensable gases of about 1 %, including CO2, H2S, Ammonia and others.
Some amount of H2S will be released during well testing. It is potentially noxious and toxic gas with the
odor of rotten eggs. Small quantities of air pollutants will be released from mobile construction equipment
and other vehicles. Furthermore, air pollutants in particular; oxides of nitrogen will be released from the
drilling rig engines. On the other hand, small quantities of air pollutants including oxides of nitrogen and
carbon expected to be released from construction equipment, other vehicles, and the drilling rig engines
Table 2-4: Hydrogen sulphide guideline values
Substance Guideline value Averaging time
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 150 µg/m3 24 hours
Source: WHO regional Office for Europe Copenhagen “Air quality Guideline”
Currently there is no other industrial or commercial activity that could generate or aggravates the
concentration of pollutants in the proposed project area (see Figure 2 -4 ). Table 2 -5 shows the existing
concentration of H2S within the proposed project implementation area.
Table 2-5: Existing concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide at the proposed project area
Site 24 hr H2S (μg/m3) WHO Guideline Values (μg/m3), 2000
Site 1 83.8 150
Site 2 79 150
Site 3 90.3 150
Site 4 116.8 150
Source: TS Environment Technology (field Sample analysis, 2020)
1
TS Environment is a level 1 Consulting company with the licenses or the trade permits to provide the following services: Environmental studies;
Environmental audit and monitoring; Occupational health and safety studies; Water and wastewater laboratory Service; EHS training; Health
and Safety product supply; Hazardous waste disposal services:
TS Environment Technology:- Address: TK International. 2nd building, 4th floor, Bole Road (African Avenue), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Cell No: +25 I 966 685 863, Office
No: +25 I 118 681 779, E-mail: h.samuel@tsenvironment.com, Website: www.tsenvironment.com
21
2.1.7 Water Quality
In the proposed Aluto Langano geothermal power plant construction site, there is no river, stream, well or
lake. The only water pond is a man-made which was constructed to collect rainwater for cattle near the
existing LA 7 re-injection well to be used during dry season. The farmers living in and around the site collect
water for domestic use from Lake Ziway, Lake Langano, Ropi (upper side of Bulbula) river, located very far
away (14 – 18 km) from the farmers’ residence. The cool water released from geothermal wells is used by
the locals for bathing and washing purposes. The contractor is required to conduct regular monitoring of
water quality before allowing the community to use and ensure that no impact on health of people and other
livestock.
Near Lake Langano, there are a number of hot springs mainly located in the south and south east of Aluto.
There are also steam vents (fumaroles) which are widely distributed within the Aluto volcanic complex. The
geothermal water in the Aluto Langano field is basically bicarbonate chloride (HCO 3-Cl) water with alkali or
neutral pH, due to the high CO 2 concentration in the reservoir, though the discharge water after steam
separation exhibits pH around 9.0. The geothermal wells produce a two-phase fluid (water + vapor).
Even though there is no source of surface water in the nearby areas of project, Four samples were taken to
understand Physicochemical property the nearest surface waters around the project area,.
Namely (See Error: Reference source not found):
- SW1 & WS4: from river Ropi (_̴12km NW of the project),

- SW2: in the area where geothermal manifestation found (_̴1.5km SE of the Project),
- SW3: Lake Ziway (_̴8km NE of the project).
The result of analysis from different sources indicates most of the samples collected satisfy Ethiopian water
quality requirements for most of the parameters (see: figure 2-3).
22
Figure 2-5: Water Sampling Location

The results of samples Analysis are depicted as follow:
Table -2-6: baseline Chemical constituents of samples
Chemical Parameters Ethiopian Aluto geothermal
Guideline WW1 WW2 WW3 WW4
pH 6.5 - 8.5 6.7 7.74 7.86 7.88
Temperature ±3 30 27 26 26
Electrical Conductivity (EC) 295 336 345 352
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1776 30.6 247 250 239
Alkalinity (HCO3-) 61.02 323.41 305.1 305.1
Ammonium NH4, mg/l 0.47 0.67 0.1 0.14
Chloride (Cl-) 533 14 28 30 22
Calcium (Ca) <5 19 51 47
Magnisium (Mg) 50 39.5 18.3 3.7 12.2
Potassium K, mg/l 1.5 10.7 ` 12.6 8.67
Sulfide (S2-) 483 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
Copper (Cu) 2 <0.1 0.6 <0.1 <0.1
23
Chromium (Cr) 155 222 96 531

Boron (B) 0.3 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.07
Lead (Pb2+) 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6
Iron (Fe-II) 0.4 <0.1 0.16 0.11 0.13
Iron (Fe-II + Fe-III) <0.1 0.19 0.15 1.1
Nickel (Ni) <0.05 0.21 0.14 0.19
Fluoride (F-) 3 <0.08 1.88 1.81 1.83
Nitrite NO2, mg/l 3 0.049 4.27 0.033 2.3
Nitrate NO3, mg/l 50 17.5 3 5.6 11.1
Alkalinity CaCO3, mol/l 10 7.3 12.2 7.8
Sulfate SO4, mg/l 250 5 2.7 1.4 25.4
Phosphate PO4, mg/l 0.18 0.14 16.4 0.15
Source: TS Environment Technology (field Sample analysis, 2020)
2.1.8 Effluent Discharges
There is no existence of surface water such as rivers, streams, and springs in the current project area.
However, for precautionary measures, the effluent discharged during excavation shall be directed to flow
into retention and sedimentation pond which will be prepared for this purpose before allowing to enter in to
the natural drains, if required. The contractor will work on regular monitoring of the quality of effluents as
per the national and international guideline to avoid possible impacts to the nearby biophysical and social
environment (Table 2.3).
Table 2-7: Standard for effluents discharged on land
Parameters Unit Limit value Remark
Temperature 0
C 40 -
pH -
5.5 - 9.0 -
Total dissolved solids (TSS) mg/L 2100
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) mg/L 500 At 20 0C
Fats, oils and grease mg/L 30
Mercury (Hg) mg/L 0.001
Boron (B) mg/L 5
24
Arsenic (AS) mg/L 0.25
Fluoride (F) mg/L 20
Chloride (Cl) mg/L 1000
Sulphate (S04) mg/L 1000
Source: Guideline for industrial Pollution Control in Ethiopia (EPA, September 2003)
2.1.9 Climate
The temperature in the project area varies, which the mean annual temperature is around 20.75 0 C and means
maximum and minimum annual temperature ranges from 27.6 to 13.93 0C. The mean annual precipitation
from the three adjoining meteorological stations/ Adami Tulu, Bulbula and Ziway/ are 113.18, 57.34 and
72.72 mm, respectively. June to September is the wet seasons, while November to January is the dry season
with low level of rainfall (Tables 2.5 and 2.6).
Table 2-8: Mean annual temperature Ziway Meteorological station (the only station in the area)
Station Year Reading Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean
Maximum 27.3 28.6 30 29.13 29.1 27.8 25.3 25.5 26.9 27.7 26.8 26.6 27.56
Ziway 2005-2009
Minimum 12.3 13.5 14.6 15.72 16.1 15.6 15.1 14.9 14.5 12.7 11.5 1037 13.93
Source: National Meteorological Services Agency /NMSA/
Table 2-9: Mean monthly rainfall /precipitation in the three adjoining meteorological stations
Station Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean
Adami Tulu 2005-2009 27.73 21.77 52.76 102.45 155.8 106.7 251 233.6 150.9 46.7 196 12.8 113.18
Bulbula 2005-2009 19.13 8.15 32.85 55.56 86.6 123 108.3 69.2 72.8 32 77.8 2.8 57.34
Ziway 2005-2009 31.2 20.27 33.98 74.54 108.7 98.6 192.6 103.2 79.1 47.6 75.7 7.3 72.72
Source: National Meteorological Services Agency /NMSA/
2.1.10 Wind direction
The wind direction from Ziway meteorological station, which is the nearest station to the project site is
available only for the year 2017 and 2018 The recorded for these years indicated that from October to April
the wind direction is from North East and North side of the project site and in the rest of the year from South
West and South side. (Source: National Meteorological Services Agency /NMSA/).
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2.2 Biological Environment
2.2.1 Flora
During the ESIA study, the community and Woreda Agricultural office has informed the team that the
vegetation cover of area include , Acacia sp, Fig /Warka/, Fig /Denbi/, Olive /Weira/, Croton /Bisana/, Sand
olive /hopbush /Kitkita/, Giant heath /Asta/, Yellow wood /Zigba/, Wild date palm /Zenbaba/ and Giant St.
John’s Wort /Amija/. Grass and shrubs/bushes are seen on all surrounding mountains/hills in the proposed
project area, dotted with acacia (Table 2.7).
Table 2-10: Common flora in the project site
S. No. Common Name* Scientific Name
1 Sycamore/Warka/ Ficus vasta
2 Fig/Denbi/ Ficus vasta
3 Olive /Weira/ Olea africana
4 Acacia /Girar/ Acacia sp.
5 Croton /Bisana/ Croton macrostachys
6 Sand olive /hopbush /Kitkita/ Dodonaea viscosa
7 Giant heath /Asta/ Erica arborea
8 Yellow wood /Zigba/ Podocarpus glacilior
9 Wild date palm /Zenbaba/ Phoenix reclinata
10 Giant St. John’s Wort /Amija/ Hypericum revolutum
* Words written in italics form are local Amharic names
Source: Field visit survey and questionnaire for Agricultural and Rural Development Office
The dominant annual agricultural products in the Woreda are wheat /Sinde/, barley /Gebs/, Maize /Bekolo/,
Millet/Zengada/and Lentils /Telba/ are primarily cultivated and grown on the farmlands within and around
the project area (Table 2.8).
Table 2-11: Common Agricultural and Perennial crops in the project site:
S. No. Common name* Scientific name Common Scientific name
26
name
Agricultural crops Perennial crops
1 Barley /Gebs/ Hordeum vulgare Papaya Carica papaya
2 Wheat /Sinde/ Triticum sativum, T. durum Mango Mangifera indica
3 Maize /Bekolo/ Zea mays Banana Musa sapientum, M. nana
4 Millet /Zengada/ Sorghum bicolor Avocado Persea americana
5 Lentils /Telba/ Lens culinaris
6 Teff /Teff/ Eragrostis teff
7 Beans /Bakela/ Vicia fava, Phaseolus radiatus
8 Soybean /Boloke/ Glycine max.
* Words written in italics are local Amharic names
2.2.2 Fauna
Cattle (ox, cow), sheep, goat, donkey, mule, and horse and apiary are observed in the Aluto Geothermal
Project implementation area. Furthermore, according to the information from local residents, rats, snakes and
various kinds of birds and insects are known to be seen in and around the project area (Table 2.9 and 2.10).
Table 2-12: Common livestock in the project site
S. No. Common name Number Remark
1 Horses /mule/ donkey 787
2 Oxen /cows / 5,677
3 Sheep /goats 3,593
4 Beehives 3,409 Traditional + modern
Table 2-13: Common type of birds in the project area
S. No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Ibis Bostrychia sp.
27
2 Goose Cyanochen sp.
3 Duck, African black Dendrocygna sp, Anas sparsa
4 Flamingo Phoenicopterus sp.
5 Marabou stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus
6 Great white pelican Plelecanus sp.
7 Francolin Francolinus sp.
8 Guinea fowl Acryllium sp.
9 Black headed gull Larus ridibundus
10 Heron Egretta sp.
11 Egrets Bubulcus sp.
12 Cormorants Phalacrocorax sp.
13 Crane Grus sp
14 Pigeon Treron sp.
15 Dove Streptopelia sp.
Source: Rift valley lake basins authority and Adami Tulu –Jido- Kombolcha Woreda Agricultural and Rural
Development Office
Among wild animals prevalent in the Woreda are, spotted hyaena, greater kudu, anubis baboon, black
backed jackal, bush duiker, vervet monkey, porcupine, leopard, forest hog, hare, bushbuck and warthog are
living around the project area on the mountainous/hill sides. The existing environment presents a lower
degree of preserved nature which is resulted from human intervention in the previous time. Furthermore,
according to information gathered from local residents, rats, snakes and several other insects are living in the
project area (Table 2.11).
Table 2-14: Common wildlife in the project site
S. No. Common Name Scientific Name
1 Spotted Hyaena Crocuta app.
2 Greater Kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros
3 Anubis Baboon Papio anubis
4 Jackal, common / golden Canis aureus, C. mesomelas
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5 Bush duiker Sylvicapra sp.
6 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops
7 Crested porcupine Hystrix cristata
8 Leopard Panthera pardus
9 Bush pig Ptamochoerus larvatus
10 Abyssinian hare Lepus habessinicus
11 Bushbuck Tragelaphus scriptus
12 Warthog Phacochoerus africanus
13 Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia
Source: Field visit survey and interview with Adami Tulu –Jido- Kombolcha Woreda Agricultural and
Rural Development Office
2.3 Socio-economic Environment
2.3.1 Population
According to CSA projection (2009), the population of the three adjacent kebele in the project site, such as
Golba Aluto, Abeyi Deneba and Aluto are 3,092, 7,941 and 2,150 respectively. The total population in the
three kebele is 13,183. The number of household heads in the three kebele is 605, 732 and 381, respectively.
Similarly, the average household size of the three kebele is 5.1, 10.8 and 5.6, respectively (Table 2-12).
Table 2-15: Demographic characteristics in the Project area by Kebele
Kebele Population Size Household Size
Male Female Total Number Average
Golba Aluto 1,270 1,822 3,092 605 5.1
Abeyi Deneba 4,191 3,750 7,941 732 10.8
Aluto 846 1,304 2,150 381 5.6
Total 6,307 6,876 13,183 1,718 7.7
Source: Woreda Administrative Office
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2.3.2 Ethnic Composition
In the project area, no settlements of underserved people or ethnic minorities who need particular
consideration have been identified. The major ethnic group in the Woreda is Oromo, mixed with few other
ethnic groups like Amhara, and Gurage. Within the kebeles found in the project area, the Oromo ethnic
group comprises 99 % of the total population (source; woreda administration office).
2.3.3 Settlement Pattern and Household Income
The settlement pattern of the population is of a permanent type and most of the population in the project area
is sedentary cultivators supporting their livelihood with traditional agricultural production and rearing of
cattle.
2.3.4 Land use
The Aluto Geothermal project area is composed of different land use/land cover types. These are bush land,
grass land, cultivated grassland, and grassland with scattered wood land. But specific to the project area, the
land use/cover categories are agricultural/crop land, grazing land with scattered trees and scattered
settlements.
The farming techniques dominated in the area is the traditional type of cultivation system mainly using oxen.
The common annual crops grown in the project areas are maize, wheat, barley, teff, millet, soya bean, and
lentils.
2.3.5 Education
During the ESIA study, it was noted that each project area Kebele has two (2) primary schools from Grades
1 to 8, with two exceptions. Lekesho and Dulolo Primary School is only from Grade 1 to 4 (Table 2.13).
There are a total of 2,017 students in the three Kebeles. The number of male students slightly exceeds the
number of female students in the six primary schools.
Table 2-16: Education Status of project by Kebele
No. Kebele Name of Number of Students Total

school
No. of Students
Grade 1- 4 Grade 5- 8
M F M F
1 Golba Aluto Harawa 90 61 69 38 258

Aluto
Hulo Aluto 127 97 34 43 301
2 Abeyi Deneba Sedisho 228 203 145 135 711
30
Lekesho 111 146 -- -- 257
3 Aluto Aluto 122 108 50 45 325
Dulolo 85 80 -- -- 165
Total 763 695 298 261 2,017
Source: Woreda Education office
2.3.6 Health
There are 7 health centers, 43 health posts, 13 health officers, and 105 health extension workers in the
woreda identified in the 2013 ESIA study. The nearest clinic is in a town located 13 km away from the
project area (Adami Tulu town). According to the information gathered from the Woreda Health Office,
Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) and Pneumonia are the most prevalent and common diseases in the Woreda. The
top ten common diseases in the woreda are shown 2.14 below. Respiratory symptoms that range from
rhinitis to acute respiratory failure. H 2S may also affect multiple organs, causing temporary or permanent
derangements.
Table 2-17: Top Common Diseases in the Woreda
No. Common diseases No. of cases Percent
1 AFI 7143 20.99
2 Pneumonia 6323 18.58
3 Acute Upper Respiratory Infection 5557 16.33
4 Diarrhea 4853 14.26
5 Infection of the Skin 2367 6.95
6 Trauma (Injury, etc.) 1915 5.62
7 Malarea (Confirmed with PF) 1685 4.95
8 UTI 1615 4.75
31
9 Other unspecified Infections 1348 3.96
10 Helminthiasis 1221 3.59
Total 34,027 100
Source: Woreda Health Office,2020
2.3.7 HIV/AIDS
According to the information gathered from Adami Tulu-Jido-Kombolcha Woreda HIV/AIDS Office, the
prevalence rate among examined patients is 0.8 %.
2.3.8 Cultural and Historical Heritage
According to the July 2016 Socio-economic study, the project area has no known culturally, historically,
archaeologically, geological or topographical important sites. However, if there are any accidental or
“chance findings” during project implementation, the contractor shall follow the chance find procedure . The
contractor also required to stop excavation during ‘chance finding’ and report immediately to Ethiopian
Electric Power (EEP) Project Office and then the Project Office is required to report the issues with brief
details to the WB.. The Office will subsequently report to the Authority for Research and Conservation of
Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) for further investigation and actions, as required.
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1 POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORKS
3.1. SOCIAL POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORKS
3.1.1. Social Protection policy of Ethiopia

3.1.1.1. Overview of Ethiopian Social Protection policy
Social protection is at the centre of Ethiopia’s development policy. It is instrumental in reducing
poverty and increasing the resilience of the population.
It is part of social policy framework that focuses at reducing poverty, social and economic risk of
citizens, vulnerability and exclusion by taking measures through formal and informal mechanisms
to ascertain accessible and equitable growth to all.
The Policy mainly contains coordinated protective measures to those susceptible to serious
vulnerability due to natural and manmade risks, establish multifaceted social insurance mechanisms
to prevent exposure to risks, strengthen earnings and improving livelihoods of citizens, improve
employment opportunities and living conditions, and provide legal protection and support for
vulnerable to abuse and violence.
Without being limited to provide basic services and temporary supports, the implementation of
social protection includes measures of strengthening public participation and mobilization, based on
the economic, social, cultural, and human rights enshrined in the constitution that have
transformative nature, establish coordinated system to reduce economic and social differences and
imbalances in the society.
In this policy, segments of the society vulnerable to different social and economic problems,
especially, children, women, persons with disabilities, elderly, labor constrained unable to make
earnings, and the unemployed who are living under difficult circumstances are given special
attention.
3.1.1.2. Constitutional, National and International Proclamations and

Legislatives
The Ethiopian State has a constitutional and legal framework that requires a National Social
Protection Policy to underpin actions necessary to fulfill constitutional requirements. Article
41/5 of the FDRE Constitution states
‘The State shall, within available means, allocate resources to provide rehabilitation and assistance
to the physically and mentally disabled, the aged, and to children who are left without parents or
guardian.’
33
Article 41/6 states

‘The state shall pursue policies which aim to expand job opportunities for the unemployed and the
poor and shall accordingly undertake programmes and public work projects’.
Article 41(7) states that
‘The state shall undertake all measures necessary to increase opportunities for citizens to the find
gainful employment’.
Article 90 also states ‘to the extent the country’s resources permit, policies shall aim to provide all.
Ethiopians access to public health and education, clean water, housing, food and social security.’
Other articles of the constitution contain provisions that the National Social Protection
Policy aims to help fulfill. Article 25 prohibits any discrimination on the grounds of sex.
Article 35 establishes the principles of equality of access to economic opportunities, employment
and land ownership.
Article 40- The Right to Property
The right to ownership of rural and urban land, as well as of all natural resources, is exclusively
vested in the State and in the peoples of Ethiopia. Land is a common property of the Nations,
Nationalities, and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of
exchange.
Article 43- The Right to Development
The Peoples of Ethiopia as a whole, and each Nation, Nationality and People in Ethiopia in
particular have the right to improved living standards and to sustainable development.
Nationals have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted
Article 40.3 of the constitution provides for the public ownership of both rural and urban land as
well as all natural resources. It further states that land is the common property of Ethiopian people
and cannot be subject to sale or to other means of exchange.
Article 40.7 of the constitution states that “every Ethiopian shall have full right to the immovable
property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or
capital.” It further states, among other things, that the owner of such rights is entitled to
compensation and that the particulars shall be determined by law.
Article 40.8 in turn strengthens this by providing for expropriation of private property by the
Government for public purposes subject to the payment in advance of compensation commensurate
to the value of the expropriated property.
34
Ethiopia has ratified international conventions and instruments, including the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
(1981), the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), the Convention on
the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (1995) and the African Charter on
Rights and Welfare of the Child (1999) and ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights
at Work (1998).
Legal reforms with the aim of revisiting discriminatory laws to protect the rights of vulnerable
groups have been enacted. These are the Revised Family Code, the Labor
Proclamation, the Revised Criminal Code, Vehicle Insurance against Third Party Risks
Proclamation No. 559/2008), Proclamation to Provide for Social Health Insurance
(Proclamation No. 690/2010), Public Servants Pension Proclamation and (Proclamation No.
714/2011) and Private Organization Employees Pension Proclamation (Proclamation No.
715/2011), brought into force in 2000, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
The Revised Family Code addresses gaps and inconsistencies inherent in the 1960 Civil Code.
The Criminal Code proscribed several harmful traditional practices inimical and prejudicial to the
rights and welfare of children and women.
The Labor Proclamation No. 377/2003 sets the labor administration system as a whole,
occupational safety and health & work environment, industrial relations, employment conditions
through setting and enforcing minimum workplace standards to address workplace vulnerabilities.
The Labor Proclamation prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years of age and the
engagement of young workers (i.e. between ages 14 and
18 years) in types of employment which are considered ‘hazardous’.
The Vehicle Insurance against Third Party Risks Proclamation provides injury and death insurance
coverage including provision of emergency medical treatments for victims of vehicle accidents. The
Social Health Insurance scheme shall contribute to expansion of health service.
The promulgation of the Private Organization Employees Pension Proclamation is expected
significantly to increase the social security coverage of the private sector employees. This scheme
will ensure the maintenance of a certain standard of living in the event of the loss of earned income
due to specific contingencies, such as old age, disability, survivorship and employment injury
mainly as part and parcel of a pension scheme.
3.1.2. National Population Policy
This policy was issued in April 1993 and aims at closing the gap between high population growth
and low economic productivity, through a planned reduction in population growth, combined with
35
an increase in economic returns. With specific references to natural resources, the population policy
had the following specific objectives:
 Marking population and economic growth compatible and the over exploitation of natural
resources unnecessary.
 Ensuring spatially balanced population distribution patterns, with a view to maintaining

environmental security and extending the scope of development activities.
 Improving productivity of agriculture and introducing off-farm non-agricultural activities for

the purpose of employment diversification.
 Maintaining and improving the carrying capacity of the environment by taking appropriate
environmental protection and conservation measures.
3.1.3. Land Tenure Policy of Ethiopia
The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) states that the right to
ownership of rural and urban land, as well as all natural resources, is exclusively vested in the State
and People of Ethiopia. Article 40 of the Constitution indicates that land is a common property of
the Nations, Nationalities and the People of Ethiopia, and shall not be subjected to sale or to other
means of transfer. Buying and selling of land is prohibited but leasing rights is allowed. Moreover,
it is the right for existing land owner to be compensated fully and satisfactorily if land is
expropriated by the state.
The Land Policy of Ethiopia strongly supports that project plans must include attractive and
sustainable resettlement strategies to the people who are going to be displaced as a result of the
development plan, and they have to be fully convinced, compensated and have to participate in all
phases of the program/project implementation. Hence, this policy has laid a foundation in building
trust-ship among the people who are going to be displaced as a result of the development and the
implementers who have powers and duties specified under relevant regulations. Consequently, for
effective implementation of the policy intent, the FDRE has proclaimed the Expropriation of
Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005), and
Regulation on Payment of Compensation for Properties Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for
Public (Regulation No.135/2007).
36
3.1.4. Legal Framework for Expropriation and Compensation
3.1.4.1. Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of

Compensation, Proclamation No. 455/2005
In order to facilitate expropriation of landholding and payment of compensation, the government

enacted a proclamation in July 2005 on the “Expropriation of landholding for public purposes and
payment of Compensation” Proclamation No. 455/2005. The objective of the proclamation was to
define the basic principles that have to be taken into consideration in determining compensation to a
person whose landholding has been expropriated. The proclamation indicated certain procedures to
be followed during the expropriation of landholdings:
Power to Expropriate Landholding: Woreda or an urban administration shall up on payment in

advance of compensation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban holdings for public purposes
where it should be used for a better development projects to be carried out by public entities,
private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been
decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose and
investors.
Notification of Expropriation Order: In this context the landholders will be notified in writing,
when they should vacate and the amount of compensation to be paid. The period of notification to
be given shall be determined by directives, it may not, in any way, be less than ninety days (90).
The landholder shall handover the land to the Woreda or urban administration within in ninety (90)
days from the date of payment of compensation.
The Responsibility of Implementing Agency: as defined in the proclamation, include preparing

detail data pertaining to the land needed for its works and send same, at least one (01) year before
the commencement of the works and to the organs empowered to expropriate land, pay
compensation in accordance with this proclamation to landholders whose holdings have been
expropriated.
Amount of Compensation: As per Article 7 of the Proclamation, the amount is based on certain
conditions, which include;
 The landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be entitled to payment of
compensation for his property situated on the land and permanent improvements she/he made
to such land;
37
 The amount of compensation for the property shall be determined on the basis of replacement
cost of the property, and if it is in urban area, it may not, in any way be, less than the current
cost of constructing a single room low cost house.
 Compensation for permanent improvement to land shall be equal to the value of capital and
labor expended on the land, and costs of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid as
compensation for property that could be relocated and continue its services as before.
All PAPs and organizations (whether public or private) that losses houses, crops or sources of
income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their losses. The
cut-off-date for compensation eligibility will be set once all detailed measurements have been
completed. Compensation will not also be paid for any structure erected or crops and trees planted
purely for the purpose of gaining additional compensation. Cultivating land, constructing settlement
in project affected areas after the cut-off-date will not be eligible for compensation or subsidies.
Displacement Compensation: is also indicated in the Proclamation, Article 8 indicates that such
compensation shall be paid within the following conditions:
 A rural landholder, whose landholding has been permanently expropriated, in addition to

Article 7, be paid displacement compensation which is equivalent to ten times the average
annual income he/she secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land.
 A rural landholder or holders of communal land whose landholding has been provisionally
expropriated shall, in addition to Article 7, be paid until repossession of the land, and also for
lost income based on the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the
expropriation of the land, however, such payment shall not exceed the amount of compensation
payable under the above Article.
 If Woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can easily be ploughed and
generate comparable income is available for the holder, the compensation to be paid as
mentioned above shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five
years preceding the expropriation of the land.
 For urban landholder whose holding has been expropriated shall be provided with a plot of
urban land, and be paid displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of
the demolished dwelling house. For the business houses to be demolished, mutatis mutandis
shall apply.
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 Certified private or public institution or individual consultants on the basis of valuation

formula adopted at the national level shall carry out the valuation of property situated on land
to be expropriated.
Property Valuation: the proclamation has also indicated who should be the committee members
during valuation of properties to be affected. It states that the Woreda administration where the land
to be expropriated is located in rural areas, shall assign a committee of not more than five experts
having relevant qualification and if the land is located in urban area, the urban administration shall
do the same for valuing property. If the land to be expropriated requires specialized knowledge and
experience, a separate committee of experts, to be designated by the Woreda or urban
administration, shall value it.
Complaints and Appeals in Relation to Compensation Payments: as per the proclamation, are to
be dealt in the following manner:
 If the holder is dissatisfied with the amount of compensation, complaints might be lodged to
administrative organ established to hear grievances related to urban landholdings.
 If administration organ to hear grievances related to urban holdings is not yet established,
compliant shall be submitted to regular court having jurisdiction;
 The above organ shall examine the complaint and give its decision within short period of
time as specified by directives issued by the region.
 The party dissatisfied with the decision rendered above may appeal to the regular appellate
court or municipal appellate court within 30 days.
 The execution of an expropriation order may not be delayed due to a complaint regarding
the amount of compensation.
3.1.4.2. EEP’s/Strategy for Expropriation and Compensation
It is the objective of EEP to avoid or reduce the environmental and social impacts of its power
projects to a minimum level. If adverse social impacts that will occur are unavoidable, EEP then
will open consultation with PAPs and perform legal compensation for loss of all their properties. To
achieve the social mitigation goal, EEP will allocate adequate budget for compensation before the
project implementation. EEP in consultation with the administration of Regional State, Zones,
Woredas, and Kebele Associations shall establish property valuation committee as per the
proclamation No. 455/2005. It is the project's prime task to initiate the establishment of property
valuation committee to properly implement compensation payment for PAPs on time before the
implementation of the project.
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3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FRAME WORKS
3.2.1. The Constitution of FDRE
As the supreme law of Ethiopia, all national policies, laws and regulations as well as the
institutional frameworks of the country must comply with the constitutional provisions. The
constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995, contains a
number of articles, which are relevant to environmental and social matters in connection with
development projects.
Article 44- Environmental Rights
Sub article 1 stated that: “All persons have the right to live in a clean and healthy environment.”
Furthermore, concerning compensation to project affected people (PAPs), sub article 2 provides
that: “All persons who have been adversely affected or whose rights have been adversely affected as
a result of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of
compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance.”
Article 92- Environmental Objectives
Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy environment.
The design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not damage or
destroy the environment.
People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of views in the planning and
implementations of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly.
Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.
In general, the Constitution is the primary regulation on which the other proclamations and
regulations have been based.
3.2.2. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)
The Environmental Policy (EPE) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was approved by
the Council of Ministers in April 1997 (EPA/MEDAC 1997). It is based on the CSE, which was
developed through a consultation process over the period 1989-1995.
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The policy has the broad aim of rectifying previous policy failures and deficiencies, which in the
past have led to serious environmental degradation. It is fully integrated and compatible with the
overall long term economic development strategy of the country, known as Agricultural
Development Led Industrialization (ADLI), and other key national policies like the National
Population Policy and the National Policy on Women.
EPE’s overall policy goals may be summarized in terms of the improvement and enhancement of
the health and quality of life of all Ethiopians and the promotion of sustainable social and economic
development through the adoption of sound environmental management principles.
The Specific Policy objectives among others seek to:
a. Ensure that the benefits from the exploitation of non-renewable resources are extended as
far into the future as can be managed, and minimize the negative impacts of their
exploitation on the use and management of other natural resources and the environment;
b. Incorporate the full economic, social and environmental costs and benefits of natural
resource development into the planning, implementation and accounting processes by a
comprehensive valuation of the environment and the services it provides, and by
considering the social and environmental costs and benefits which cannot currently be
measured in monetary terms;
c. Prevent the pollution of land, air and water in the most cost-effective way so that the cost of
effective preventive intervention would not exceed the benefits;
d. Conserve, develop, sustainably manage and support Ethiopia’s rich and diverse cultural
heritage; and,
e. Raise public awareness and promote understanding of the essential linkages between
environment and development.
3.2.3. Regulations, Proclamations and Procedural Guidelines
3.2.3.1. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002)
Environmental Impact Assessment is used to predict and manage the environmental effects of a
proposed development activity as a result of its design sitting, construction, operation, or an
ongoing one as a result of its modification or termination, entails and thus helps to bring about
intended development. The proclamation is an effective means of harmonizing and integrating
environmental, economic, cultural, and social considerations in to the planning and decision making
processes thereby promoting sustainable development. Moreover, it serves as a basic instrument in
bringing about administrative transparency and accountability, to involve the public and the
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communities in particular, in the planning and execution of development programs that may affect
them and their environment. The objective of undertaking the assessment study is to ensure the
impacts of a development project and the incorporated mitigating measures for the adverse
significant impacts, and policy programs are adequately considered while decisions are put into
effect.
3.2.3.2. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation No. 300/2002)
This proclamation is aimed at eliminating or, when not possible, to mitigate pollution as an
undesirable consequence or social and economic development activities. It has also an objective of
protecting the environment and safeguarding of human health, as well as the maintaining of the
biota and the aesthetic value of nature are the duty and responsibility of all citizens. The
Proclamation, among others has considered control of pollution; management of hazardous waste,
chemical and radioactive substances; management of municipal wastes; the importance and need to
respect environmental standards; and punitive and incentive measures.
3.2.3.3. Forest Resources Conservation Proclamation (1994)
The proclamation has incorporated provisions that aim at ensuring the conservation of forests and
determines how forest shall be developed and utilized. It also recognize that the sustainable
utilization of the country’s forest resources should be achieved through the participation of the
people and benefit sharing by the concerned communities, as well as by formulating policies and
programs in conformity with other economic sectors particularly agricultural development.
3.2.3.4. A Proclamation to Provide for the Establishment of Environmental Protection

Organs (Proclamation No. 295/2002)
The first objective of this proclamation is to assign responsibilities to separate organizations for
environmental development and management activities on the one hand, and environmental
protection, regulations and monitoring on the other, which is instrumental for the sustainable use of
environmental resources. The second objective is to establish a system that fosters coordinated but
differentiated responsibilities among environmental protection agencies at federal and regional
levels.
3.2.3.5. Solid Waste management Proclamation (Proclamation 513/2007)
Solid Waste Management proclamation aims to promote community participation to prevent

adverse impacts and enhance benefits resulting from solid waste management. It provides for
preparation of solid waste management action plans by urban local governments.
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3.2.3.6. Prevention of Industrial Pollution Regulation (Proclamation 159/2008)
Proclamation 159/2008, Prevention of Industrial Pollution Regulation: As a follow up to

Proclamation 300/2002, a regulation to prevent industrial pollution was developed by the Federal
Environmental Protection Authority to ensure compatibility of industrial development with
environmental conservation. This Proclamation includes comprehensive industrial pollution
standards for a range of industrial and mining activities.
3.2.3.7. Water Resources Management Proclamation (197/2000)
The purpose of the Proclamation is to ensure that the water resources of the country are protected
and utilized for the highest social and economic benefits of the people of Ethiopia, to follow up and
supervise that they are duly conserved, ensure that harmful effects of water are prevented, and that
the management of water resources is carried out properly.
3.2.3.8. Environmental Impact Assessment Procedural Guidelines Series (Series 1 and

2)
In order to facilitate the implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation

(Proclamation 299/2002), the then Environmental Protection Authority had formulated four
procedural guidelines, namely, Review Guideline Series 1: Guidelines for Review Approach;
Review Guideline Series 2- Guidelines for Contents and Scopes of Report; Review Guideline
Series 3- Checklist of Environmental Characteristics and Review Guideline Series 4- Review
Criteria. Review Guideline Series 1 and 2 will be elaborated to a certain extent.
A) Procedural Guideline Series 1 -Guidelines for Review Approach
This guideline pointed out roles and responsibilities of EPA and Regional Environmental Agencies,
the proponent, consulting firm, interested, and affected parties, and the licensing agency. In the
guideline, the EIA processes and requirements, and comprehensive description of the EA process
has been stated. It also outlined projects which may have adverse and significant environmental
impacts, and may, therefore, require full EIA (Schedule 1), projects whose type, scale or other
relevant characteristics have the potential to cause some significant environmental impacts but not
likely to warrant an environmental impact study (Schedule 2) and projects which would have no
impact and does not require environmental impact assessment (Schedule 3)
B) Procedural Guideline Series 2 - Guidelines for Contents and Scopes of Report
This guideline among others indicates structure and content of the Environmental Impact Study
Report and describes the contents including the administrative, legal and policy requirements,
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assessment and mitigation measures. The guideline indicates the following main types of mitigating
measures, which need due considerations:
 Preventing, reducing or minimizing impacts before they occur;

 Eliminating an actual impact over time by incorporating appropriate maintenance measures
during the life of the project;
 Rectifying an impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment;
 Compensating for an impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments
as well as contingency plans in case of emergencies;
 Maximizing beneficial impacts through specific additional actions
3.2.3.9. Environmental guideline and plan
Guideline for Environmental Management Plan, May 2004 outlines measures for preparation of
an Environmental Management Plans (EMP) for proposed developments in Ethiopia and
institutional arrangements for implementation of EMPs.
EIA Procedural Guideline, November 2003: This guideline outlines the screening, review and
approval process for development projects in Ethiopia and defines the criteria for undertaking an
EIA.
EIA Guideline, July 2000: The EIA Guideline Document provides essential information covering
the following elements:
 Environmental Assessment and Management in Ethiopia

 Environmental Impact Assessment Process
 Standards and Guidelines
 Issues for sector environmental impact assessment in Ethiopia covering agriculture,
industry, transport, mining, dams and reservoirs, tanneries, textiles, hydropower generation,
irrigation projects and resettlement
 The guideline contains annexes that:
o Identify activities requiring a full EIA, partial measure or no action
o Contain sample forms for application
o Provide standards and guidelines for water and air
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3.2.3.10. Waste Handling and Disposal Guideline, 1997:
The Waste Handling and Disposal Guidelines have been in use since 1997. The Guidelines are
meant to help industry and local authorities handle medical waste situation at the local level.
3.2.3.11. EIA Directive 1/ 2008, Directive to Determine Projects Subject to

Environmental Impact Assessment
This directive was issued to determine the categories of projects subject to the Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation 299/ 2002. To this end, the Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation is to be applied to the types of projects listed under these directives. The types of
projects subject to EIA in the urban sector include roads, solid waste facilities, water supply
schemes, which are part of the ELEAP program.
3.3. Ethiopia Geothermal Proclamation No. 981/2016
The Second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP II) of Ethiopia estimates the geothermal
potential of the country to be within the range of 4,200MW to 11,000 MW. The Geothermal sector
used to be governed by the Energy Proclamation No.810/2013 and by the Mining Operation
Proclamation (as amended) No.678/2010. Effective from 16 September 2016, the House of
Peoples’ Representative has introduced a new law exclusively governing Ethiopia’s geothermal
sector, Geothermal Proclamation No.981/2016 (Geothermal Proclamation).
 The proclamation is composed of SIX Parts each have a detailed description on the following
issues:
i. General (Definition, Scope and Objective of The Proclamation).

ii. General Provisions on Geothermal Resource Development.
iii. Powers and Duties of The Licensing Authority.
iv. Licenses and Certificates of Professional Competency.
v. Administration, Compensation, Exemption from Customs Duties, License Fees and
Environmental Safety.
vi. Miscellaneous Provisions (i.e. about Settlement of Disputes, Power to Issue Regulations
and Directives, Transitory Provisions and Inapplicable Laws etc.).
 Objectives of the proclamation
This Proclamation shall have the following objectives:
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- ensuring that the country’s geothermal resources are developed in an orderly, sustainable
and environmentally responsible manner;
- supporting the generation and delivery of electricity from geothermal energy for local
consumption and export;
- promoting the use of Grade II (a type of geothermal resources used for the purposes such as
direct heating, agricultural and industrial applications and recreational bathing and
medicinal purposes, but excludes the purposes of generating electricity) geothermal
resources for various uses;
- ensuring security of tenure for all investors in respect of geothermal resources development
operations; and
- Encouraging a sustainable, carbon-neutral economy in Ethiopia.
 Article 37-41 of the fifth section of the Proclamation illustrate a number of Environmental and
Social mitigation measures to be taken by the licensee.
- Art37. Compensation - Where any geothermal operation requires the expropriation of land,
the licensee shall pay compensation to the expropriated land use and property in accordance
with the payment of compensation for expropriation of property for public interest
Proclamation.
- Art38. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
1. Any person lodging application to obtain geothermal operations license, except for a
reconnaissance license, shall submit an environmental and social impact assessment
document to competent body and get approval.
2. Any licensee shall, except the holder of reconnaissance license, allocate funds to
cover the cost of restoration of the license area to conditions as good as or better than
conditions prior to the license period.
- Art39. Preservation and Protection of Natural and Cultural Resources - Geothermal

operations shall be carried out in such a manner as to prevent unnecessary waste of or
damage to geothermal or other energy and mineral resources; to protect and enhance the
quality of surface and ground waters, air and other natural resources, including wildlife, soil
and vegetation; and preserve cultural resources, including archaeological, scenic and
recreational resources.
- Art40. Safety of Persons and Property –
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1. Geothermal operations shall be carried out in a manner that protects human health and
safety and prevents damage to property.
2. A licensee shall be liable for any loss, damage or injury to any person or property
resulting from its operations, whether intentionally or as a result of negligence.
- Art41. Fund for Community Development - Any person lodged application for geothermal
well-field development and use license shall include a written community development
plan, developed by the applicant in consultation with the communities existing in or
adjacent to the license area; and such plan shall include an implementation plan including
allocation of funding to support community welfare.
3.4. The African Code of Practice for Geothermal Drilling
The pace of geothermal development along the entire East African Rift System is increasing at an
ever-accelerating rate. A number of factors are contributing to that development including a rapid
increase in the need for power as more and more areas in all of the Eastern African countries are
being electrified. Estimates, from a number of countries, anticipate that the need for power will
exceed a tenfold increase in demand over the next two to three decades. This coupled with the
impacts of global climate change on the availability of the hydro systems that now serve many
counties makes base load geothermal power a very attractive target for development of the
estimated 20,000+ MWe of geothermal potential. Also contributing to the accelerated interest in
geothermal power projects are the recent successful increases in geothermal power production from
the Kenyan Olkarea field, the formation of the Geothermal Development Company in Kenya, the
United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) and African Rift Geothermal (ARGeo) Program
that supports detailed recourse assessments and the Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility (GRMF)
of the African Union (AUC) that provides grants for surface studies and reservoir confirmation
drilling. Eastern Africa is currently the world’s fastest growing geothermal market and on the
forefront of many private sector developers.
3.5. Multi - lateral Agreements (MLA)
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has ratified several international conventions and
protocols as listed below: -
 Millennium Development Goals
 Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer (1996)
 Montreal Protocol for Substances Depleting the Ozone Layer (1990)
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 Convention on Biodiversity (Rio convention) 1994
 Framework Convention of United Nations on Climate Change (1994)
 African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
 Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD), ratified in 1997
 Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, ratified 1972
 International Plant Protection Convention.
3.6. Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority of Oromia

Regional State
The Ministry of Agriculture and the Federal Environmental Protection Authority (FEPA) have
delegated their authority to the regional bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development and
Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority.
3.7. The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE)
The Ministry of Water and Energy is the regulatory body for the energy sector. Based on the
delegation from EPA, the whole draft ESIA document will be submitted to the Ministry for
reviewing, and then they will give their comments and recommendations and finally provide
approval /certify the implementation of the project. The Ministry will also be responsible to
carryout monitoring of the performance of safeguards implementation and the development project
to be environmental friendly.
According to Proclamation No. 916/2015, the mandates of Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy
include promoting the development of water resource and electricity and promoting the growth and
expansion of the country's supply of electric energy. The Ministry has an Environment and Climate
Change Directorate so as to manage issues related to environment and climate change of the sector.
3.8. EEP Environmental Guidelines for the Power Sector
The Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEP) is a national electricity utility established as a
public enterprise by Council of Ministers regulation No. 18/1997. According to the regulation, EEP
is mandated to engage in the business of power generation, transmission, distribution, and selling of
electric energy and to carry out any other activities that would enable it to achieve its stated
mission.
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On the basis of the Constitution as well as the Environmental Policy and based on the peculiar
functional and operational characteristics of EEP, it has produced an Environmental Guidelines that
is currently serving the Environmental and Social experts of EEP for their day-to-day
environmental activities.
3.9. Environment and Social Affairs Office /ESMT/ of EEP
Environment and Social Affairs office of EEP comprises environmentalists and sociologists to
address environmental and social issues that may arise due to its operation.
The following are the major duties and responsibilities of the Environmental and Social experts
within the functional or operational framework of the EEP:
 Responsible to carry out Initial Environmental Examination or Environmental Screening in

the preliminary design phase. The experts are not expected to conduct a full EIA study,
because the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) demands EIA studies to be performed
by an independent consultant.
 Prepares TOR to conduct a full EIA study. Power System Planning is taking full
responsibilities to short list Environmental Consultants, prepare RFP or tender documents and
evaluate the technical and financial proposals of the short-listed firms
 The Environmental and Social experts of EEP are responsible to monitor the environmental
and socio-economic activities in different power project areas, to make sure that contractors
are complying according to the technical specification stated in the contract agreement.
 The Environmental and Social experts of EEP may also conduct the monitoring of
resettlement activities either independently or in company with the government and non-
government stakeholders on regular basis.
 Monitoring of forest clearing operation is preferably to be conducted jointly with the

government stakeholders
 Review of documents related to environmental and social management undertakings by

consultants
 Power System Planning represents EEP in all the matters that are related to the Environmental
study of a project.
Economic benefit can be obtained by the reduction of the need to import fossil fuels. Furthermore,
electricity supply to the central part of Ethiopia can also be expected by connecting Adverse
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environmental and social impacts caused by the EEP’s/EEP’s/project operations will be jointly
monitored by the EEP’s, Power System Planning and the project office. The Environment
monitoring Team and the project office are responsible for the monitoring of adverse environmental
and social impacts and coordinate the preparation and implementation of the ESIAs, ESMPs, and
the RAPs where it is deemed necessary.
3.10. Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III Project Office
EEP has established a project office named, Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III, to execute the
drilling of Geothermal Wells, construction of power house, transmission line and substation
construction. The Project Office is located in Addis Ababa and reports to Generation Construction
Executive Officer.
3.11. The World Bank’s Requirements
According to the World Bank project screening criteria, the Aluto Langano geothermal deep well
drilling Project is categorized as “Category “A” Project.” That is, full environmental analysis is
appropriate, as the project may have significant environmental and social impacts.
The World Bank provides guidance on requirements in the Environmental Assessment Sourcebook,
which includes the most recent versions of the World Bank Operational Policies as well as the
updates. The World Bank has ten “Safeguard Policies”, the primary objective is to ensure that Bank
operations do not cause adverse impacts.
World Bank Safeguard Policies have the following General Objectives:

Safeguard Policies are Board-approved rules for addressing environmental and social issues
within Bank-supported development projects.
Effective implementation of Safeguard Policies provides a “License to Operate” in a world
concerned with sustainable development.
Mitigate (avoid, minimize, and/or compensate) adverse environmental and social impacts of
Bank-supported projects.
Ensure that environmental and social issues are thoroughly evaluated in project preparation and
supervision.
Provide a means for stakeholder consultation and full disclosure of relevant project information.
Supervise safeguards compliance and outcomes during project implementation.
The ten safeguard policies are grouped into Environment and Social Policies.
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Of the ten safeguard policies, five policies were triggered and the details are discussed below,
whereas the other five policies are not applicable to Aluto Geothermal Development Project,
particularly the project has no related impacts to international law on waters and disputed areas, and
the safety of dams. The details of triggered safeguard policies have been considered in this study.
3.12. The Bank’s Safeguard Policies
The following are the World Bank Safeguard Policies that are pertinent to the Program under
consideration.
 OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment
The core requirement of this Policy is that screening should be done as early as possible for
potential impacts and select appropriate instrument to assess, minimize, and mitigate
potentially adverse impacts.
Environmental Assessment (EA) ensures that appropriate levels of environmental and social
assessment are carried out as part of project design. It also deals with the public consultation
process and ensures that the views of PAPs and local NGOs are incorporated as early as
possible for Category A and B projects.
It is worth noting that OP 4.01 applies to all components of a project with financing from the
World Bank, including co-financed components by the Borrower or by other funding agencies.
 OP 4.04 Natural habitats
This policy recognizes that the conservation of natural habitats is essential to safeguard their
unique biodiversity and to maintain environmental services and products for human society
and for long-term sustainable development. The Bank therefore supports the protection,
management, and restoration of natural habitats in its project financing, as well as policy
dialogue and economic and sector work. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers to apply, a
precautionary approach to natural resource management to ensure opportunities for
environmentally sustainable development. Natural habitats are land and water areas where
most of the original native plant and animal species are still present.
Natural habitats comprise many types of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal, and marine
ecosystems. They include areas lightly modified by human activities, but retaining their
ecological functions and most native species. Specifically, the policy prohibits Bank support
for projects which would lead to the significant loss or degradation of any Critical Natural
Habitats, whose definition includes those natural habitats which are either:
Legally protected,
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Officially proposed for protection, or

Unprotected but of known high conservation value.
The proposed geothermal station has the potential to cause conversion (loss) or degradation of
natural habitats within the Aluto Geothermal Power Development Project area, directly
(through construction) as well as indirectly (through human activities induced by the project).
 OP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources
Protection of cultural, historical archeological sites as stated in OP/BP 4.11. The policy
requires the project avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of development projects on physical
cultural resources.
The Policy bases itself on investigating and inventorying any chance finds and cultural
resources potentially affected. It includes mitigation measures when there are adverse impacts
on physical cultural resources.
The Borrower assesses the project’s potential impacts on physical cultural resources as an
integral component of the Environmental Assessment (EA). The process steps for the physical
cultural resources component of the EA are the same for Category A and B projects.
The physical cultural resources component of the EA provides for (a) an assessment of
physical cultural resources likely to be affected by the project, (b) documentation of the
characteristics and significance of these resources, and (c) an assessment of the nature and
extent of potential direct and indirect impacts on these resources.
Where the EA predicts adverse impacts on physical cultural resources, the cultural resources
component of the EA includes a management plan which includes: (a) actions to mitigate
adverse impacts, (b) provisions for the treatment of physical cultural resources discovered
during project implementation and operation (hereafter referred to as “chance finds”), (c) any
necessary measures for strengthening institutional capacity to implement the management
plan, and (d) a monitoring system to track progress of these activities.
The management of cultural property should be undertaken in conjunction with consulting the
appropriate agencies including NGOs and academic institutions.
The Bank avoids projects that will significantly damage non-replicable cultural property, and
will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as to prevent such damage.
 OP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement
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The World Bank‘s Operational Policy OP 4.12 protects all economically and/or physically
affected persons regardless of the number of people affected, the scope of impact and the legal
title of the landholding. The OP 4.12 further requires particular attention to the needs of
vulnerable groups such as the poor, landless, elderly, women, and children, underserved
groups, ethnic minorities and other disadvantaged peoples. The World Bank‘s Policy requires
that a site specific RAP shall be prepared and cleared by the Bank prior to implementing
resettlement activities.
The policy covers not only physical relocation, but any loss of land or other assets resulting in:
(i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of assets or access to assets; and (iii) loss of income
sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people must move to another
location.
The impetus of this Policy is that development projects should not cause the impoverishment
of the people who are within the area of influence of the projects.
The key objective of OP 4.12 is to “ensure that displaced persons are assisted in their efforts to
improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to
pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project
implementation, whichever is higher”. The Bank requires mitigation recommendations and
resettlement action plan to ensure displaced persons are:
• Informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement;
• Consulted upon, offered choices among, and provided with technically and economically
feasible resettlement alternatives;
• Offered prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets
and moving allowances; cash compensation level should be sufficient to replace the lost
land and assets at full replacement cost in the local markets;
• Provided equivalent productive assets for the loss of residential houses, agricultural land
etc.;
• Supported during the transition period (between displacement and livelihood restoration)
with development assistance (credit facilities; training and job opportunities);
The policy objectives also require
• Eligibility for compensations and other benefits should include all PAPs who have
formal legal rights to land (include customary and traditional land rights recognized
under the law), who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time of census but have
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a claim to such land or assets and those who have no recognizable legal right to the land
they are occupying;
• Preference will be given to land based resettlement strategies for displaced persons
whose livelihoods are land based and depreciation and salvage values will not be
deducted from the compensation value;
• Particular attention will be paid to the needs of displaced vulnerable groups, especially
those below the poverty line, landless, elderly, women, children and ethnic minorities
• The displaced persons and their communities will be provided timely and relevant
information, consulted on resettlement options, and offered opportunities to participate in
planning, implementing, and monitoring resettlement.
• Appropriate and accessible grievance mechanisms will be established, and a grievance
redress mechanism will be made functional to resolve all complaints and grievances of PAPs.
 Bank’s Policy on Disclosure
It is a requirement of the Bank that the peoples residing in the project areas have the Right to
be informed of the proposed development project(s) in their respective areas. Therefore, prior
to project appraisal, the summary of the study of projects along with other relevant information
should be disclosed at the Bank’s as well as project area (local) level.
The Disclosure Policy requires that “Category A” Environmental Assessment reports should be
self-standing documents, and thus disclosure is a pre-requisite for appraisal of the geothermal
project at Aluto Langano area. These effects can lead to the improvement of the infrastructure
related to agriculture, commerce and the activation of the regional economy
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2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION:
2.1 Background
Public and stakeholders consultations with relevant institutions and affected communities are
important and critical for designing and implementation of environmental and social safeguards
associated with development project like Aluto geothermal development project. The most
important step is to carryout stakeholder consultations with relevant institutions, local communities
and all other interested/affected parties during planning and over the project implementation period
in the course of any environmental assessment work that helps to identify key issues and to
determine how the concerns of all parties will be addressed.
As a principle, the guidelines for public consultation include, among others, a requirement of major
elements of the consultation program should be timed to coincide with significant planning and
decision-making activities in the project cycle. In terms of Ethiopia’s Environmental and Social
Impact Assessment (ESIA) process, public consultation should be undertaken during: -
 Preparation of the environmental and social assessment (ESIA) terms of reference;
 Carrying out of an ESIA;
 Review of an ESIA report; and
 Preparation of environmental and social safeguards terms and conditions of approval.
Moreover, during the ESIA process for the Aluto geothermal project, which is classified under
environmental assessment category “Category A-Full assessment,” the EEP is required to consult
project affected groups about the project’s environmental aspects and takes their views into
account. The consultation should be initiated as early as possible and it is essential to consult the
public throughout project implementation period to address environmental and social safeguards
related issues that affect them.
“People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of their views in the planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly”. The FDRE Constitution,
Article 92.
The objectives of consultations include the following:
 To inform publics about the two proposed programs and its likely anticipated impacts on the nearby
social and biophysical environment.
 To gather the views of stakeholders on the programs.
 To accommodate the stakeholders' concerns during the project implementation.
 To establish the social implications of the project on the different stakeholders.
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In addition to the consultations conducted during the ESIA preparation in 2013, during updating this Aluto
geothermal project Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) the EEP has also conducted
consultation at the project sites on April 02, and May 03, 2018, with PAPs, Local Administrative offices,
elders and religious leaders (see figures 4.1- 4.4 and Annexes 14-17 below). This consultation aimed at to
ensure the Aluto Geothermal project phase III has taken full account of the priority concerns of project-
affected people (PAP) and other relevant stakeholders and to make both EEP (employer) and the contractor
aware about the potential adverse impacts of the project and concerns raised by the stakeholders and
community members.
During the consultation process, discussions were focused on the following major points:
 The background and objectives of the project,
 Description of the project’s impact on the existing bio-physical environment and socio-economic
conditions,
 The predicted negative and positive impacts during construction, operation and maintenance, and
decommissioning phases,
 The possible mitigation measures to be undertaken, especially during compensation and

expropriation procedures,
 Communities’ attitude towards the project and the need to increase public awareness and
understanding of the project, and
 Inform local authorities about the impacts of the project, solicit their views on the project, and
discuss their share of responsibility for the smooth functioning of the overall project operations.
2.2 Stakeholders Identification
Consultation was carried out with various stakeholders, PAPs, community elders and local officials. The
identified stakeholders for consultations are selected from Federal, Regional, Zonal, Woreda, and Kebele
levels. Consultation was made mainly with woreda and kebele level government offices as these are the
immediate and the primary responsible governmental bodies for any development activities taking place
within their administrative boundaries. They will also be responsible during implementation of some of the
mitigation measures and liaison with the communities. The participation of these governmental
administrative bodies from the initial phases of the project through the construction and operation phases can
benefit both the project affected communities and the project developer. These consultations with the local
leaders help the Aluto Geothermal phase III project to understand the potential negative and positive impacts
of the project as well as the identification of potential mitigation and benefit enhancement measures. The
people that can best represent concerned population were randomly selected from the project areas and
consulted to share their experiences.
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2.3 Consultation Methodology
A combination of various consultation methods was used to assess knowledge, perception and attitude of the
communities about the proposed project and its potential impacts. The methods used during the consultation
process include interview with key informants, small group discussion, and public/community meetings.
Several meetings, interviews, and discussion were held with a number of community leaders, religious
chiefs, elders, and representatives of various sector offices. The local administration and relevant project
office experts having relevant work experience and qualifications in the field undertook the consultative
meetings. The project objectives, its positive and negative impacts and mitigation measures were presented
to the participants so that they can forward their views on these bases. The consultative meetings were
conducted on 03/05/2018 at around project site (media of communication was in Oromifa -local language
which is facilitated by members that can speak the language). In the course of the consultation process, a
number of project related issues were identified by the stakeholders and these are presented in the below
section.
Figure 4-6: consultation with PAPs
Figure 4-7: discussion with Aluto and Abey Deneba kebele administration
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2.4 Findings of the consultations
2.4.1 Consultation with Local administration and PAPs
Consultation and awareness creation activity on 03/05/2018 with Abey Deneba and Aluto kebele officials
and Elders were held around the project site. Water pipeline will be traversed Abbey Deneba Kebeles,
whereas two wells will be drilled in Aluto kebele. So, the consultation was held purposely with the areas in
which the activity will be implemented.
During public consultations with PAPs, Kebele chairperson administration representatives and elders, a
number of important points were raised and discussed. Compensation was a major concern to the
stakeholders. They expressed positive attitudes and good impressions on the project raised by the consulted
stakeholders were; among others PAPs requested regarding the adequate compensation to be paid for the
assets that are expected to be taken up by the project. They expressed also doubts as to whether the
compensations will be honored. The community members have underlined that the project have to benefit
the local people with water supply, youth services and school to restore their standard of living.
They also pointed out that responsible and transparent labor employment system; proper compensation for
assets that will be affected by the project shall be considered. In order to get formal and legal decisions,
grievance committee needs to be active and responsive as prompt as possible because court procedures are,
by far, resource consuming. Other questions and issues such as local people are not getting benefits from the
previous project phase like water supply and school and impact of flood due to the construction of access
roads that affect farmlands were also raised and the project personnel respond to the questions at the spot
that the project office should give due attention to solve these and other related issues.
Based on the consultation made with the community, elders, leaders, and PAPs, conclusions were
highlighted that the proposed project shall consider prioritized need of the local community while hiring the
employee and it is expected to furnish the local community in arranging employment opportunities and
providing support for the identified social services (as school, youth center and water supply) to benefit the
surrounding community and be considered as a mitigation measures for the anticipated environment and
social impacts. The details of the community services that needs to be considered are discussed in a separate
section underneath. The community understands and recognizes the importance of the geothermal project for
the supply of Electric power to the country and they expressed their full support to the project.
Continuous consultations will be made with communities, stakeholders, and relevant local administrations in
order to solve social and environmental issues arising during the implementation period. The scanned
documents of minutes of meeting are attached (see Annexes 17-19).
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2.4.2 Consultation with Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE)
The Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE) is an autonomous fully government-owned
Organization established with regulation number 122/2009, issued in July 2009 by the Oromia State Council
under the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. OFWE works to ensure conservation, sustainable
development and the use of forest and wildlife resources in its concessions through community participation;
to ensure supply of forest products to domestic and international markets by enhancing the forest industry;
and subsequently contribute to regional and national socio-economic development endeavors.
Consultation was held with Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise at (OWFE) East Shewa district office
found at Modjo on July 25, 2018. The key objectives of consultations with the (OFWE) are to work in
collaboration to reduce the impact of the project on the hunting area. During the consultation different
questions arise by the OFWE experts and answered by the project personnel’s. a number of recommended
options of mitigation measures were also discussed. Some of the issues raised by the OFWE experts are:
 Although the anticipated impacts are minimum, the proposed mitigation measures should be
implementing as soon as possible after the implementation of the project.
 The project shall prepare a plan to reduce the impacts on endemic plants by using offset planting or
replanting of indigenous species which can be easily adopt the climate of the area. This needs to be
implemented together in close collaboration with the woreda agricultural offices and community
members residing within and round the project area.
 The Proper compensation must be given to the societies which living outside the hunting area and
for the societies which are living before it become the property of OFWE.
It is obvious that using geothermal source for electricity generation have less environmental and social
impact when compared to hydropower source. Considering on time implementation of the proposed
mitigation measures, finally we have reached a consensus that the importance of the geothermal project for
the supply of Electric power to the country and the team from OFWE expressed their full support to the
project. In addition, continuous consultations shall be made with the OFWE, in order to solve social and
environmental issues arising during the implementation period (see figure 4.3 and Annex 18).
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Figure 4-8: Consultation with Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE)
2.4.3 Consultation with FDRE Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority (RVLBA)
TheRift valley lakes basin authority is established on proclamation number 691/2002 article 5 and sub article

34 and house of ministers council regulation number 253/2003.The overall objectives of the Authority shall
be to promote and monitor the implementation of integrated water resources management process in an
equitable and participatory manner in the Rift Valley Lakes Basin.
Consultation was held with Rift valley lakes basin authority office found at Hawassa on August 08, 2018.
The key objectives of consultations with the (RVLBA) are to work in collaboration to reduce the impact of
the project on the lake Ziway. During the consultation different questions arise by the RVLBA experts and
the response provided by the project personnel’s. The meeting also discussed about a number of
recommended mitigation measures.
The RVLBA experts saw Aluto ESIA prepared in 2013, and the office wrote a `go on` letter to the Project.
During the meeting various technical questions have raised by the RVLBA experts and answered by the
project personnel. Some of the issues raised by the RVLBA experts were:
 As Lake Ziway is the only source of fresh water for agricultural and industrial activities in the area, if
it is technically feasible it is better to use another option of water source for the Project.
 The experts recommended that to get maximum amount of water from Lake Ziway with minimum
abstraction impact, it is better to start abstraction of Lake Water in the rainy seasons and collect at the
site for the dry season.
 The project shall be designed to efficiently use the harvested water.
 Continuous water quality monitoring must be conducted over the project implementation period.
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So, the project office and team of experts expressed their commitment to implement the proposed mitigation
measures and to advise the contract accordingly to implement the recommendation from the team of experts
of RVLBA. Finally, the meeting concluded by hearing the experts from RVLBA to provide full support to
the implementation of project and this is acknowledged by the Project office, as it is important for sound
implementation of the geothermal project to supply of efficient Electric power to the country. continuous
consultations will be made with the RVLBA over the project implementation period, in order to solve social
and environmental issues arising during the project construction and operation phases (Figure 4.4 and Annex
20).
Figure 4-9: Consultation with FDRE Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority (RVLBA)
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3 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
3.1 General
This ESMP is developed to address the environmental and social impacts identified during preparation of the
project ESIA. The ESMP also recommended measures to enhance positive or beneficial impacts and actions
to mitigate/manage potential adverse impacts on the basis of standard mitigation hierarchy include:
Avoidance; Minimization; and Compensation/ Offset. The project proponent / owner must allocate financial
resources and designate responsible personnel within the organization to implement the impact management
program. A procedure to adjust the ESMP and, to adapt actions and mitigations based on the environmental
and social monitoring data must be developed. It is recommended that the contents of the ESMP be
integrated in the overall Environmental, Health, and Safety Management System (EHS-MS) of the project.
The proposed Aluto Langano Geothermal Project is expected to generate a potential impact to the nearby
biophysical and social environment at various levels which ranges from local to wider scale. Effects could be
beneficial, particularly at the local level where promoting the community development services and activities
such as improving access to electricity, school, water, etc. There is also potential negative impact that will be
generated from the construction and operation phases of the proposed geothermal project. The following
sections will discuss details of the positive and negative impacts associated with the proposed project.
The key potentially beneficial impacts associated with the implementation of the Aluto Geothermal power
Project Phase III are related to activities under construction and operation phases that benefits numerous
community members residing within and around the project area and the nation at large.
3.2 Positive Impacts
3.2.1 Energy supply for improved livelihood outcomes
Ethiopia is a developing country with very low income per capita, the proposed project will stimulate
economic growth of the country, by providing power supply to areas where electrical energy were not
supplied before and reduce power outages through connecting more households and institutions to the
national grid. By ensuring more regular and sustainable supply of electricity, it will contribute to an
improvement of the living standard of the population and reduce poverty through energy mix (geothermal,
hydropower, wind, etc.). As the economic activity grows, there will be high demand for electricity, for
example, in the agricultural sector for irrigation pumps, poultry farming, animal husbandry, preservation of
food products, in the commercial sector for (shops, bars, restaurant, etc.), in small and medium industries for
flour mills, oil mills, rural water supply installations, tanneries, coffee processing plants, etc., in the
residential sector for lighting, heating, cooking, etc. and in the health sector for pharmacies, clinics, health
centers, hospital activities, sterilization of medical equipment, cold storage of vaccines, etc..
Besides, supplying electricity to rural towns and villages, it will replace/reduce the consumption of woody
biomass and petroleum products that are used currently for cooking, lighting, etc. The easy and sustainable
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access to the electric power supply in villages and towns would ease the burden on women. Replacement of
imported fuel by the indigenous resource, geothermal energy, will save foreign currency. In addition to the
above-mentioned issues, it is likely to have the potential for carbon trade among other positive benefits.
3.2.2 Creation of employment opportunities
During the implementation period of the project around 100 Professional employees and 150 unskilled
workers will be recruited. In addition, approximately 35 professionals and 50 unskilled for drilling purpose,
for water supply about 15 professionals and 30 unskilled and for civil works drilling also 12 professionals
and 30 unskilled labors will be recruited from the local work force and country wide human resources.
Supply of sand and other raw materials for the contractors is one of the job opportunities created for the local
community.
The most immediate benefit of the local people from the project will be also in the form of temporary
employment opportunity by recruiting local labor. The proposed geothermal energy development would
encourage investors to invest in the region, that ultimately creating more job opportunities.
The presence of the workforce, who are likely to be relatively cash-rich compared with the majority of the
rural population, will undoubtedly encourage individuals to set up stalls to supply food and other
consumables at worksites. Businesses in the local towns will also benefit the community financially through
supplying goods and services to the workforce, as well as through the supplying of some of the food
requirements of the base camps of the contractor.
3.2.3 Social Services and Community Development
Repair of the existing roads and construction of new permanent roads will be constructed in the project area
to provide vehicle access to the sites of the project. These roads will have a considerable benefit to the local
communities by improving transport and thereby trade links from the project area to Adamitulu, Ziway and
beyond. Moreover, there will also be a temporary surge in the economy during the construction phase as new
markets and services will develop in the area to provide goods and services for the workforce. There will
also be an improvement in rendering social services, like water supply, Youth center and Education.
- Water supply: Water is not available near the project implementation area. The only available
water is Lake Ziway, which is 10 km long from the project site and takes about an average of 2 to 3
hours to fetch water. To minimize such burden for the PAPs, EEP through the drilling contractor
must afford water supply for the communities residing within Abey Deneba, Golba Aluto and Aluto
Kebeles. The water can be supplied either from ground water (its chemistry must be tasted whether
suitable for human/cattle drinking or not) or from Lake Ziway.
- School: Harawa, Sedicho and Leqansho primary schools, which are found at Golba Aluto and Abey
Deneba Kebeles respectively, are found near the already existing road (the road is not built by the
project). This location, which has pronounced traffic noise due to the project activities, would affect
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the learning- teaching process. As the classes are constructed from wooden frame and plastered with
mud, students are suffering from dust. Besides, the classes are found to be with limited facilities like
desk and chair. Therefore, the contractor with community participation schemes shall upgrade these
schools with the required facilities over the project period.
- Youth center: In order to make Youths residing nearby the project site more productive and
creating an addict-free community, it is envisioned by the project, in consultation with the
Kebele/Woreda Administration and community members, to consider the establishment of youth
center as a community development program in an appropriate and prioritized location within the
Woreda. The detail of each of the community development plans are illustrated as follow.
Table 5-18: Community Development Plans

Estimated
Responsible
S.No Activity Location Beneficiaries cost (ET
body
birr)
1 Renovating of existing Abey Deneba
classes by concrete, and Kebele
600 students 2,600,278 EEP
new class construction (Leqansho
primary school)
2 Renovating of existing Golba Aluto
classes and new class Kebele (Harawa 500 students 2,600,278 EEP
construction primary school)
3 Renovating of existing Aluto Kebele
classes and new class (Aluto) primary 500 students 2,600,278 EEP
construction school)
4 Water supply facilities Abey Deneba, 350 HH and
Golba Aluto and more than 9,194,200 EEP
Aluto Kebeles 2,000 cattle
5 Youth center Abey Deneba More than
2,472,100 EEP
construction Kebele 700 youths
TOTAL 19,467,135 EEP
3.2.4 Reduction of carbon dioxide emission
Geothermal energy can play an important role in reducing air emissions. Experts generally agree that effects
of climate change pose significant environmental dangers, including flood risks, drought, glacial melting,
forest fires, rising sea levels, loss of biodiversity, and potential health risks. Geothermal involves no
combustion, and most geothermal plants being developed will produce nearly zero air emissions. So,
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improving the effectiveness of this project will have the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from
electricity generation using renewable geothermal energy compared with other fossil firing power
generation.
3.3 Negative Impacts- Bio-physical Environment
3.3.1 Impacts associated with construction activities
Impacts associated with project construction activities and the respective mitigation measures are briefly
discussed below:
- Construction and rehabilitation of access roads (new and existing) from main road to drilling pad
sites:
15 km of repairing the Existing road (Road 5), 9 km of upgrading the Existing road (Road 1 & 4) and 5.5 km
of new access roads (Road 2 & 3) will be constructed. In relation to access road construction 34 HHs and
192 PAPs will be affected due to the acquisition of new land. Construction of access roads will generate
impacts such as land acquisition, dust, change in the local drainage system, and clearance of some trees.
In order to reduce the impact due to access road construction the following measures are proposed.
- Regular Sprinkling of water during construction of access road to reduce the impact dust.
- Construct all designed drainage works prior to, during, or immediately following excavation work in
order to minimize erosion hazard.
- Construction of ponds and bunds across the slope to reduce the flood coming from the upper hill and
affect the farmland found at the bottom of the hill.
- Inspect all works and ancillary sites for drainage and erosion problems after each major storm event
during the period of construction to direct the storm to the natural water ways. Repair all failed
drains and take appropriate action as directed by the supervisor Engineer/EHS unit.
- Construction of drill pads-
- An average area of 100 x 100 m of drilling pad shall be prepared for the drilling operations of the
planned well pads LA- 11, LA-12 and LA-13. Two (2) sites with 100 x 70 m plan dimensions shall
also be prepared to enable the installation and operation of the drilling rigs pads BB-01 and BB-02.
The drill pads construction activity involves preparation of drilling sites that will accommodate all
drilling equipment and crew and discharge pond as per the approved well pad layout (See Annex 21:
Drilling site layout).
- Construction of each drilling pads acquires an average area of 8800 m2. Resettlement of the existing
community; alteration of natural drainage system and disturbance of landscape due to the drilling
site development activities are some of the anticipated impacts associated with drilling pad site
construction.
Among others the following are proposed mitigation measures:
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 Planting of vegetation mainly indigenous species, within and around project area to replace the de
vegetated site due to the construction of drilling pads.
 Proper compensation and livelihood restoration measures for the PAPs.
 Placing of proper fence and safety warning and awareness notice board within and around the
project site to aware community residing nearby.
- Construction of water supply pipeline:
- Two 10 inch Pipelines will be constructed starting from Lake Ziway and stretches about 8 and 8.5
km to deliver water for the drilling and related activities on the Project site. As the water pipeline is
followed the existing alignment, the impacts are anticipated to be negligible. However, the following
impacts are expected to be generated from the construction and operation activities of water supply
pipeline.
 Block access to the community: as the route for the water pipeline is traversed through the
some villages, there is a potential impact to create an interruption of smooth movement of
community members, particularly elders and disables who are residing along the pipeline.
Although the height of the pipeline from the ground is small (Ø=10inch or 25.4cm) the design
of water supply pipeline shall take the passageway for disabled and elders into consideration.
 Alteration of landscape: Due to the leveling activities on undulating topography, there are a
possibility of alteration in the landscape of the environment that ultimately affect aesthetic
quality of the area and create landslide and erosion.
 Clearance of vegetation: Vegetation including old growth trees and small amount of
communal grazing areas could be affected by the surface disturbance,
 Risk to wildlife: Although it is minimum, due to the various factor such as land leveling,
clearance of vegetation, safety impact and risks that could be affected wildlife existing nearby
the project area.
- Waste and spoil disposal and Quarry sites:
- The waste including left over materials from quarry site, solid waste and spoils generated from the
construction activities could have a number of social and environmental impacts if not managed
properly. Some of potential possible impacts of the waste generated over the construction period of
Aluto geothermal power plant are:
 During the rainy season the flood could accumulate on the wide-open burrows (left after excavation
for raw materials) and this could be a place for spreading malaria and other waterborne diseases. It
also creates safety and health risks to cattle and community members around the quarry and borrow
areas.
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 Animals and children could fall into the burrows pits that lead to serious health and physical
damage.
 Burrow areas could hinder the community to travel from one place to another safely and smoothly.
To minimize those anticipated impacts from quarry and disposal site, the contractor is required to prepare
and implement quarry operation and spoil disposal managing and reinstatement plan. The respective details
of mitigation measures are briefly discussed under section six.
3.3.2 Land Use
The proposed drilling of deep geothermal wells, construction of access road and waterline will have an impact on the
existing land use. 46.6 ha of agricultural land which belongs to 155 HHs will be impacted permanently. The impact on
grazing land is found to be quiet minimum and not significant as cattle can graze on the hillside and mountains where
there is abundant grazing land. The impact is minimum. Concerning the impact induced by borrow pit, the impact will
be addressed by the borrow pit management plan.
3.3.3 Soil
The soil in the surrounding area is formed from the weathering of the acid very young pyroclastic rocks and
is mainly grey soil with low fertility. During foundation of pads, construction of workers camp and access
roads and excavation of ponds, soil will be exposed to erosion that finally affects farmland through
deposition of sediment. PH level of soil within the project implementation area lies between 7.4 and 9.5.
Therefore there is no/rare potentiality of occurrence of Acidity due to alteration of PH as a result of the
project activity.
3.3.4 Noise
During site preparation and construction period, noise would temporarily be produced from construction
vehicles for the movement of gravel to construction access roads and well pads. Noise will also be arising
from geothermal fluid escaping from the drilling of eight wells. Working noise, well testing and vibration are
the potential noise sources of the project. Noise would also be produced from drill rigs, generators, water
pumps, and construction vehicles during construction of the proposed project. Additionally, high winds
characteristic of the project area would mask some of the noise produced during drilling and testing.
Operation of the quarry is also another temporarily sources of noise from the use of machinery. All these
noise sources deemed to have an impact on the nearby environment and surrounding community.
The environmental standards of EPA and the World Bank established noise emission by the zone type for
residential, commercial, and industrial and by time division into daytime and nighttime. For residential area,
the daytime limit in decibel (dB) is 55 and for night times it is 45. Noise level during drilling and testing will
be above permissible levels and dwelling houses shall be far from (some 200 m away) the drilling wells.
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The contractor is obliged to frequently monitor Noise level at all corridors of the project site. Noise in the
project area would significantly increase during drilling and testing of the geothermal resource and it is
anticipated to produce noise at or above 100 a-weighted decibels (dBA) at the drilling site, which would
exceed the World Bank’s threshold of 85 dBA for heavy industrial construction. Onsite workers would be
adversely impacted by the loud noise at the drilling site.
For residential, institutional and educational facilities is required not to exceeds 55dB (A) during daytime
and 45dB (A) at night. Therefore, the project would consider all these standards in the environmental setting
of the area to schedule the construction and operation activities and to take appropriate action that
avoid/minimize impacts, in the cases when the noise level is beyond the limit of international and national
standards.
3.3.5 Air Quality
Besides noise, from the very nature of the project, pollutant would also be generated and released to the
atmosphere during drilling and testing of the geothermal resource. Drilling fluids may contain CO 2, H2S, and
CH4 gases. H2S is toxic to many wildlife as well as humans at concentrations at or exceeding approximately
20parts per million (PPM). H 2S could be emitted during testing, which would adversely impact workers,
community members and any wildlife in the project area. The WHO air quality guideline set a standard for
hydrogen sulfide which is 150 μg/m3 for an average concentration for 24 hours. The health end-point is eye
irritation, some bronchial and respiratory diseases. To avoid odor annoyance, a 30-minute average ambient
air concentration not exceeding 7 μg/m3 (5 ppb) is recommended (WHO, 2000).
The contents of emission from the geothermal source drilling and testing, according to the information
gathered during the previous field assessment of ESIA study, is expected to be 99 % steam, and the
remaining 1 % constitute of CO2, H2s, ammonia, and other non-condensable gases. Greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide [CO2], nitrous oxide [N2O], methane [CH4]) and other air pollutants including carbon
monoxide [CO], nitrogen oxides [NO x], sulfur oxides [SOx], volatile organic compounds [VOC], and
fugitive dust would be produced from obtaining gravel for the roads and well pads, and from vehicles and
equipment during transport of materials, workers, and equipment.
o In order to reduce the impact from deterioration in Air quality and noise pollution, 200m (radius) from
the center of each drilling sites is delineated by compensating dwellers around the proposed drilling
pads. These areas will be kept protected from entrance of human and animals. As it is mentioned in the
Table 6-1, training will be given to the nearby community and precautionary Signs will be posted at the
boundaries of the safety zone in order to indicate Hazard of from long term exposure to H 2S and other
Risks.
Impact corridor for is H2S is determined by considering:
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- Previously conducted preparatory survey report on LA9 and LA10 which are found on the same location
with the proposed Drilling sites. The survey reports indicates existing concentration of H 2S with in the
area around the planned power plant site and at the site of nearest house and all measurements were
below detectable levels.
Prediction of H2S concentrations for the emission point during in-service period is calculated by taking the
following input data.
Steam NCGsin H2S Emission Exhaust gas Temperatur

Flow Steam Content source temperature e
of NCG height
40 t/h 7 wt% 4 mol% 10 m 93 deg. C 23 deg. C
Source: Prepared by the Survey Team (JICA)

- H2S concentrations were predicted by using a plume diffusion model and diffusion parameters (Pasqual
stabilities). The predicted 24-hour mean of maximum ground level H 2S concentrations is less than 0.1
ppm at the site of the nearest house, which satisfies the guidelines.
As the predicted H2S concentrations in the area around the power plant are less than 1 ppm, the impact of
H2S on workers and the surrounding natural environment is estimated to be Insignificant. The table below
shows Effects of H2S at Different Concentration with in specified durations of exposure.
- H2S concentrations were predicted by using a plume diffusion model and diffusion parameters (Pasqual
stabilities). The predicted 24-hour mean of maximum ground level H 2S concentrations is less than 0.1
ppm at the site of the nearest house, which satisfies the guidelines.
As the predicted H2S concentrations in the area around the power plant are less than 1 ppm, the impact of
H2S on workers and the surrounding natural environment is estimated to be Insignificant. The Two tables
below shows Effects of H2S at Different Concentration with in specified durations of exposure.
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Table 5-19: Effects of H2S at Different Concentration and Exposure time
Classificat 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h End Point(Reference)
ion
AEGL-1 0.75 ppm 0.60 ppm 0.51 ppm 0.36 ppm 0.33 ppm Headache in humans with asthma
(Non (1.05 (0.84 (0.71 (0.50 (0.46 (Jappinen et al. 1990)
disabling) mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
AEGL-2 41 ppm 32 ppm 27 ppm 20 ppm 17 ppm Perivascular edema in rats (Green et al.
(Disabling) (59 (45 (39 (28 (24 1991; Khan et al. 1991)
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
mg/m ) 3
AEGL-3 76 ppm 59 ppm 50 ppm 37 ppm 31 ppm Highest concentration causing no mortality
(Lethality) (106 (85 (71 (52 (44 in the rat after a 1-h exposure (MacEwen
mg/m3) mg/m3) mg/m3) mg/m3) mg/m3) and Vernot 1972)
Table 5-20: Effect of Hydrogen Sulphide at different concentration

Concentration Effect
in ppm
0.05 Odor threshold.
1-10 Offensive odor.

10-20 Occupational exposure limit.
20-100 Ceiling of occupation exposure limit. Worker must wear breathing apparatus.
100-200 Loss of sense of smell in 2-15 minutes. May burn throat and chest. Causes
headache and nausea, coughing and skin irritation.
200-500 Loss of reasoning and balance. Respiratory disturbance in 2-5 minutes.
Prompt resuscitation required.
500-700 Immediate unconsciousness with one sniff.
Causes seizures, loss of control of bowel and bladder. Breathing stops and death
will result if no resuscitation is done.
700-1000 May immediate unconsciousness.
Death or permanent brain damage may result unless rescued promptly.
1000-2000 Immediate collapse with respiratory failure.
- Although 200m is delineated by considering safety zone for each drilling sites, continuous air quality
and noise level monitoring will be conducted behind the boundaries of safety zone and the nearby
settlements.
In addition to the mitigation measures which discussed in the ESMP, the contractor will develop emergency response
and evacuation plan.
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The increase in traffic during construction of the proposed project and vibration activities would generate
dust. Particularly, this will be aggravated due to frequent machinery and vehicle movement on unpaved
roads and could have potential impact affecting the air quality on the immediate project area. The major dust
emission associated with construction activities would be short term, lasting only through the construction
phase of the project.
3.3.6 Water Quality
Disposal of the drilling and geothermal effluents into evaporation ponds has the potential to contaminate the
shallow ground water from the drilling fluid chemicals, caustic soda, and bentonite mud through the
potential percolation of water/effluents.
There are no rivers /streams, springs or water wells within and around the project area which is using for
various services of the project and community nearby, therefore the potential hazards to be posed to people
due to contamination or discharge /sludge is expected to be unforeseen. Therefore, there is no project impact
on the surface water quality.
During drilling, the water which will come out as sludge/effluent to the surface shall be confined and
collected in enclosed ponds with its bed and wall covered by plastic linings/impermeable membranes to
avoid any contamination of ground water. The lining of well bed and wall using impermeable membrane
should be carefully done and strong monitoring shall also be implemented to ensure no direct contract of the
effluents with the ground water. In addition, monitoring of well’s operation shall be conducted appropriately
to check at least sufficient freeboard is maintained that prevent water levels in the reserve ponds and are kept
at the required level to ensure no drilling fluids and/or produced geothermal fluids drained to outside surface
area to ultimately result serious surface and ground water pollution in the project area.
It is unlikely that fluid flow could reach the other water sources, as no water sources existed in the nearby
area. Concentration of heavy metals and other toxic substances in the drilling and geothermal fluids will
likely exceed of the concentrations of shallow groundwater. Thus, it is essential to properly contained all
potential drilling mud and fluids on site.
Fluid from a well blow out or pipeline failure, if they occurred, would not likely affect Lake Ziway due to
the distance to the Lake from the project. There might be a possible water supply pipeline leakage or rupture
and cause runoff. A water supply pipeline rupture would have the potential to temporarily flood access roads
and transport sediment to surrounding surface water resources, if the pipeline is not fixed and the fluid is not
contained.
3.3.7 Hazards/ Risks
Construction equipment would use hazardous materials such as diesel, hydraulic oils, lubricants, and
coolants. An accidental spill could occur during equipment and vehicle servicing and refueling. While a spill
would be unlikely, spilled or leaking hazardous materials could contaminate the groundwater if allowed to
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infiltrate into the ground. This impact might affect human health and the natural environment and the
reasonable project scenarios (cause and effect) that might result in damage to health, the environment, or the
financial viability of the project. Therefore, a proper spill containment procedure and structure should be in
place during construction and operation phase. As the contamination of soil and groundwater could affect
worker health and could cause lasting impacts on the environment, hazardous materials shall be properly
contained and discarded.
Other risks expected from the drilling of geothermal wells are spill of chemicals (used oil and lubricants),
unsafe working condition during drilling (fall from above, hit by objects, etc.). Incidents /accidents might
also arise due to increased traffic during transporting of materials and personnel.
In addition, well blowout and pipeline failures, although it is very rare occurrences during well drilling and
testing; however, their occurrence could pose a significant hazard to workers, visitors to the project site, and
the environment. Rapid rise of extremely hot geothermal fluids during a well blowout could cause severe
burns on workers, and steam containing trace amounts of heavy metals, acids, mineral deposits, and other
pollutants would be released and potentially inhaled by workers.
In order to prevent the impact of geothermal fluid blow out, the contractor need to take the following
measures into account and the Project shall continue monitoring and carry out prevention measures
throughout Operational period:
 Conducting inspection of BOP (blow out Preventer);

 Pressure test and corrosion control of related equipment on well head.
 Manage and treat run-off within drilling site during drilling operations.
 Protecting the entrance of community and anyone unaware and not equipped with proper personal
protective equipment (PPE).
 Allocating trained operators for each operations.
 Preparing and implanting Emergency Preparedness and response plan and considering Blow out
Prevention and fluid containment during emergency situations.
There is very little vegetation that would be affected by a blowout/if happened.
3.3.8 Flora
Ethiopia has a rich biodiversity with a high proportion of endemic species (those that are only naturally
present in Ethiopia). Owing to the long history of agriculture coupled with the degradation of the
environment, Ethiopia is still one of the 12 vavilov centers of crop genetic diversity. The Ethiopian flora is
estimated to contain nearly 7,000 species of higher plants, of which 125 are endemic. Ethiopia is the center
and origin for various crop species including Coffee arabica, Teff, Enset, and Sorghum (State of the
Environment Report, Ethiopia, August 2003).
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The drilling of the proposed geothermal project will have an impact on biological environment. The main
impact will be the clearance of vegetation due to the construction of access roads, water pipeline, and
preparation of foundation pads and reservoir ponds, which causes habitat loss as well. As observed during
field survey, the project impacts some bush /shrubs located near the hill side, consisting of Acacia species,
Ficus species, Cordia africana, etc. However, the affected vegetation area would be minimal. But it is still
very important to carry out compensatory reforestation activities in collaboration with concerned sector
offices to plant at highly disturbed, sensitive, and open areas, in order to maintain the ecosystem as a
mitigation measure to the lost woody biomass. Furthermore, during field survey, no threatened or
endangered species, or endemic tree species are detected in the proposed drilling deep geothermal well sites.
The project shall have afforestation plan on the vacant places within the project area such as on the safety
zone and nearby villages.
3.3.9 Fauna
During field assessment, it is confirmed that most of the vegetation are already heavily degraded and
deforested due to expansion of cultivated land. As a result, the presence of wildlife in the project area is less
due to habitat loss except in the mountain or hills around the project site. There is a possibility of impacts on
certain wildlife due to some of their shelters /habitat would be exposed to the noise which could force to
evacuate the site or be exposed to illegal hunting. The project will consider the issue to minimize the
potential impacts on wildlife by illegal hunting using awareness creation and training of the surrounding
community members and project workers.
3.3.10 Impact on Birds
Various migratory birds are considered endangered as they visit fifty sites in Ethiopia every year (according
to, Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History society, there are 69 sites so far registered as important bird
areas in Ethiopia). In the study area, although there is one known migratory bird route i.e., through the Great
Ethiopian Rift Valley, where the proposed geothermal power station is to be constructed, the potential
impacts could be minimum as the wetlands are far away from the project. . The project will also give proper
emphasis to avoid any potential impacts during construction and operation phase.
3.3.11 Impact on hunting area
The Aluto Langano Geothermal project areas are neither neighboring with, nor in close proximity with any
of the nationally protected areas like National Parks, Wildlife Resources, and Controlled Hunting Areas.
None of the Regional Forest Priority Area is directly influenced by the Aluto Langano geothermal project.
However, at about 40 km south west of the project area, there is the Abidjiatta - Shalla National Park, which
is designed as a national park for flamingo and pelican sanctuary, which of course will not be affected by the
proposed geothermal power project.
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Albeit, the project will have an impact on the Aluto hunting areas that certain section of the project area is
fall under this hunting area as indicated here in the figures 5.2. The significant impacts are induced only
during constructin of pipeline and setting of tank no.1esperiod See map 5.1.
Figure 5-10: Map of OromiaForest and wild life conservation: Aluto reserved Hunting area
3.3.12 Impact on Occupational Health and Safety
 Geothermal gases: Exposure mainly to H2S gas may occur during non-routine release of geothermal
fluids (for example, pipeline failure) and during testing and commissioning
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3.4 Negative Impacts
3.4.1 Land Acquisition
The Project activities such as drilling of deep geothermal wells, water pipeline and access road construction
require land. According to the socio-economic survey conducted between October 2018 and March 2019, the
proposed project activities (i.e. drilling development sites, water line and access road construction) are
known to affect about 155 HHs. Among the total of Project affected HHs, 60 HHs will be impacted by the
drilling purposes, while 61 HHs will be affected by stretching of water line and 34 HHs due to the
construction of access road.
Table 5-21:Summery of land Acquisition

No. of Affected Land (ha)
Description No. of HHs
PAPs
Drilling sites 60 456 39.02
Access roads 34 192 3.67
Water pipeline 3.93
61 501
installation
Total 155 1149 46.6
A total of 46.6 ha of farmland will be affected by the development of this project. However, the amount of
farmland which will be affected by drilling activities may increase based on the threshold level of noise
impact and gas dispersion potential and direction of flumes during generation of gases. The project shall
compensate any property which is expected to be affected due to the project activities. The details of social
impacts associated with project activities are discussed below.
i. Drilling sites: This area includes activities related to drilling of wells. There are Eight wells planned to
be drilled on phase three of the first component, namely LA-11D -1, LA-11D -2, LA-12D -1, LA-12D -2,
LA-13D-2 & LA 13 D-3 and BB-01, BB-02. Geothermal resource utilization will affect human beings,
domestic and wildlife through noises and gases emitted during drilling. So, individuals must settle outside
the delineated safety zone radius (200 metre radius), which is expected to be safe for living condition.
The socio-economic survey indicated that 60 Households which consist 456 individual members and
39.02ha of farmland will be affected due to the drilling of 8 wells.
DRILLING PADS NO OF NO OF
AFFECTED HHs AFFECTED PAPs
11D 6 57
12D 13 97
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LA 14,15,16 22 160
BB1 12 94
BB2 7 48
TOTAL 60 456
ii. Water pipeline: This component of the project is designed to pump water from Lake Ziway. The activity
will establish 8 and 8.5 km long 10-inch double water pipeline along the existing water line. The new
water pipeline is planned to use roughly 3.93 ha of agricultural land.
iii. Access road: This includes maintenance of the existing road from Adami Tulu to project site and the
upgrading practice will be designed with minimum and /or no impacts to the biophysical and social
environment particularly in a way that do not affect farmland. There will be drainage activities, so that
farmland will not be affected in rainy seasons due to channeling of the water to the farmlands that can
create flooding. There is no new land acquisition for the existing road from Adami Tulu to Project site.
The impacts are discussed and addressed by flood management plan document. The new routes planned
to be constructed to LA-13D-1, LA-13D-2 and LA-12D-1,LA-12D-2, LA-11D -1 LA-11D -2, BB-01 and
BB-02, in addition to the existing footpath, a 6 meter width additional land will be required along the
path. So, 3.67 hectares of farmland will be affected by access road construction. Clearance of vegetations
along the access road and alteration of the natural drainage system are the impact of access road
construction. To mitigate the decrease in number of vegetations due to newly constructing access roads,
Revegetation plan will be developed by the project and the contractor shall design the access road with
the considerations to reduce the impact of flooding in the future.
3.4.2 Residential Houses
The Aluto geothermal phase III project activities are expected to affect a total of 26 residential housing units
which belongs to 23 HHs all Tukuls with grass roof. Concerning impact on housing by project activities, 7
housing units will be affected by the Access Roads and 19 housing units by Drilling activities.
EEP will take all the necessary measures in accordance to FDRE’s Proclamation No. 455/2005,
“Proclamation to Provide for the Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of
Compensation” and the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy framework. For this purpose,
preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is recommended.
Public consultation has been made with people living around the project area and project impacts are
discussed. The community is aware of the phase III of the Aluto Geothermal project and the need for land
acquisition.
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3.4.3 Impacts on Livelihoods
The survey shows that most of the households in Aluto geothermal project area depends on agriculture for
their subsistence being this as the primary occupation. Only few of the households reported trade and
employee as their primary occupation. The farming system is traditional type of cultivation mainly oxen
ploughing. Crop production activity is carried out correspondingly with livestock production within project
affected households.
The surveyed households grow different types of crops, mainly: Wheat, Barley, Maize, and Sorghum. As
land is the main source of livelihood for the PAP’s, involuntary resettlement may negatively affect people’s
livelihoods, particularly if not able to replace the land plots PAPs lost. The quality of land shall be valued, as
well as all assets on the land, such as crops and trees and houses will be compensated at market prices.
World Bank safeguard principle is that where people are affected by land take, the aim of resettlement
should be that they should “no worse-off if not better off” after the resettlement has taken place.
Where impact on land use is such that people may be affected in the sustainability of their livelihoods,
preference will be given to land-for-land solutions rather than sheer cash compensation, in consistency
with the Constitution of Ethiopia and with OP 4.12. This applies to people who are not necessarily
physically displaced but who are affected by a land loss that affects their sustainability.
Depending on the specific situation of the considered location, livelihood restoration measures will be
assessed and appropriately planned by the RAP to be developed for Aluto Geothermal Phase III project.
Accordingly, PAPs will be assisted in their effort to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at
least to restore to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.
3.4.4 Community Service
It is known that Aluto Geothermal phase III project will not affect social service providing facilities such as
schools, health, churches, mosques, and other infrastructures. Even though there are no infrastructures or
facilities such as schools, health institutions to be affected by the project, it is essential to plan the
availability of these facility to compensate PAPs who have lost their Agricultural land, property and public
grazing land. Among others the following facilities are recommended as a compensation for loss of public
grazing land and other assets
3.4.5 Historical, Cultural, Archaeological and Religious Sites
There are no known historical and cultural sites to be affected by the project. However, during construction,
if there are any accidental “chance findings” of some archaeological artifacts, the contractor shall inform
EEP’s/Project office. The Project office shall report to the Power System planning /PSP/ of EEP. The Office
will then report to the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH) for further
investigation. The contractor is also required to develop and implement chance find procedures (annex 3).
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3.4.6 Impacts on Women
Most of the constraints in the project area are related with cultural, social, economic, legal environmental
factors and affect both genders. However, the magnitude of the problem is found to be critical when it comes
to women. It is known that rural women have total responsibility for fetching water and collecting fuel
wood. The availability or non-availability of these resources within a reasonable walking distance is of
particular interest to women. Therefore, the depletion or total degradation of natural resource has adverse
effects on women’s status. Ecological disturbance, deprivation of water supplies and other related
environmental damage expose the rural women to excessive hard work and destitution. Employment
opportunity should be given to women on equal basis as male.
Around the project site, water is in short supply; women have to go as far as 13 km only to fetch water in the
dry season. In the rainy season, there is a pond near the existing well No. LA7 is used by the surrounding
community for household consumptions. This place is one of the proposed sites for Phase III of the Aluto
geothermal project.
The relocation of houses will adversely affect especially women because of the distance from their new
location to the pond.
The easy and sustainable access to electric power supply in villages and towns would ease the burden on
women. Dwelling houses around the project area are scattered and is difficult to supply electric to each
household. In the relocation process, it will be advantageous to build dwelling houses near to each other so
that communities will have access to electric power. Relocation activities shall consider formation of
villages in the new relocation sites and it shall be with consideration of women’s burden.
3.4.7 Impacts on Vulnerable Groups
During the social assessment study, the vulnerability assessment is focused and analyzed within the context
of the following parameters:
a. Households with Elderly persons, over the age of 60 year, as primary income earner of the family,
b. Households with women as head of households,
c. Households headed with mentally or physically challenged and chronically ill persons and
d. Households with income levels less than the subsistence level.
When measured against the above parameters, the field survey identified that from the total of 155 Project
Affected HH’s, 19.4% are Households headed by elderly, Women Headed Household account for 15.5 % of
total surveyed households and only a single household is headed by a person with visual impairment and
physical challenges that require special assistance during relocation and restoration of livelihood activities.
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Comparing the annual income of each household with international poverty level (i.e.1.25 USD Per day Per
Person), the field surveyed data indicates that 63 (40.6%) of the households are living below the
international Poverty level. A total of 94 PAHHs are categorized under the vulnerable groups, thus special
assistance during the resettlement operation as well as livelihood restoration measure will be applicable in
order to sustain the income of those households found below the subsistence level and households exhibiting
the above stated types of vulnerability parameters.
Special assistance needs to be rendered to vulnerable groups, which may include the following:
 All the identified vulnerable groups will be included Livelihood restoration plan.
 Provision of water supply within a reasonable distance. After careful site survey, the project office
could provide potable water supply to communities directly affected by the project and to the host
community living around the project area.
 Special assistance during relocation.
 Assistance and help in dismantling salvageable materials from their original home.
 Priority access to all other mitigation and development assistance.
3.4.8 Community Health and Safety
The anticipated major community health and safety impacts are:
 Exposure to hydrogen sulphide /H2S/: The potential exposure to members of the community
should be carefully considered during the planning process and necessary precautions implemented.
 Noise exposure: Measure must be in place if the permissible limit of noise level is not attenuated at
the delineated zone of influence (200 metre radius). border of safe zone. E.g., the community has to
get additional ear protection devices.
 Impacts induced by the project infrastructure s: Communities may be exposed to physical

hazards associated with the wells and related pipeline networks. Hazards may result from contact
with hot components, equipment failure, or the presence of active and abandoned well infrastructure
which may generate confined space or falling hazards, transporting of machineries, installation of
the drilling machine which will may cause accidents /incidents.
 Impacts on water resources: The extraction, re-injection, and discharge of geothermal fluids may
affect the quality and quantity of surface and ground water resources.
 Sexually Transmitted Infections /STIs/ The major impacts on health and safety are related to the
work force engaged in the drilling of the geothermal wells. Communicable diseases such as sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), hepatitis, malaria, etc. can also be spread around the construction areas
as a result of the large and influx work force engaged in the construction and operation of the
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proposed construction of geothermal power plant. The influx of migrant labor to the construction
areas and the interaction with the local people can cause opportunities for the spread of
communicable diseases.
There should be an appropriate approach to fight against Sexually transmitted infections such as extensive
health education will be provided and awareness be created to workers and surrounding communities during
construction phase of Aluto Geothermal project. The local administration should play vital role in
controlling illegal business activities near the project camp and the contractor is also expected to provide free
condom to construction workers.
The influx of migrant labor to the project site and the interaction of the immigrant labor with the local people
can cause tensions and opportunities for the spread of communicable diseases in the area. As a monitoring
method, the contractor shall prepare a Labor Influx management plan, if required and comply with it.
3.4.9 HIV/AIDS
The Ethiopian Government issued a policy, which calls for an integrated effort involving a multi-sectoral
response to control the dissemination of HIV/AIDS. The policy urges communities at large, including
government ministries, Woreda level government institutions and the civil society to assume responsibility
for carrying out HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention campaigns.
In line with this policy, EEP as well as the contractor has taken the initiative to develop and implement an
HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention strategy. The strategy comprises:
 Awareness creation campaign shall be implemented by EEP’s management, EEP ESMU, Contractor
staffs, Ziway health center, Adami Tulu clinic and other private clinics to the community nearby and
EEP and Contractor staffs and work forces.
 Continuation and consolidation of awareness creation program and campaign by the respective
responsible entities like EEP, Contractor and woreda health office for domestic community
memebers, influx workers, and international and local contractors work forces.
The overall objective of EEP’s HIV/AIDS is aimed at creation of awareness to contribute reducing
HIV/AIDS dissemination, infection and incidents. This will not only contribute to strengthening national
efforts to halt the epidemic but also support international initiatives to stop the spread of the disease.
Operational Objectives
The operational objectives are:
 To promote continuous sectorial, gender related information, education and communication

messages about HIV/AIDS infection, protection, counseling and care.
 To increase availability and accessibility of condoms.
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 To establish a sectoral policy that will safeguard human and civil rights and avoid discrimination of
EEP, other contractor staffs and community memeberswho are infected with HIV/AIDS.
 To contribute to the national efforts in establishing indicators that will ensure effective monitoring
and evaluation of the spread of HIV/AIDS.
EEP’s has a strategy on HIV/AIDS which was prepared in 2005 and following its preparation, a number of
workshops were held to familiarize its staff with the objectives of the strategy. EEP has now received
funding support from the National HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office for the implementation of the
HIV/AIDS strategy. At Woreda level, institutions engaged in the prevention of the disease are Ziway health
center, Adami Tulu clinic and other private clinics. To reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS, the Woreda
HIV/AIDS Office is working on community communication, on traditional/ local practices such as
inheritance of brother’s wife after his death as well as health awareness creation among the population. The
overall implementation of strategy will also be functional to avoid and/or minimize events that aggravate by
immigration of workers from other parts of the country, which will be a cases and threat of spreading the
disease.
3.4.10 Substance Abuse
A large construction labor force comprising primarily of young men living away from their families, with
rather stable wages and ideal time, with few recreational pursuits and no domestic responsibilities, can often
lead to the overindulgence use of alcohol. This can lead to abuse, fighting, and injury, particularly if women
are involved. Men who live in the area who work in the geothermal project return home in an inebriated state
and can abuse and injure family members and generally can cause a good deal of domestic upheaval. The
problem of alcohol abuse must be explained to workers as part of health education program. Recreational
facilities shall be made available at the camp and additional activities should be a normal part of camp
living. The EEP and Contractor shall develop and implement a Code of Conduct comprises of severe
penalties for drunkenness and disorderly behavior shall be given out along with the provisions of counseling
services for substance abuse.
3.4.11 Conflict between Workers and Local Community
During construction phase of the project, job opportunities for skilled and non-skilled laborers will be
created. Suitable skills may not be available in the project area, therefore skilled and semi-skilled workforce
shall be imported from outside the project area. Development of major conflicts between the local
communities and imported workers are not to be expected. However, minor disputes concerning real or
perceived issues may arise during the construction period. This will mainly be if labor is predominantly from
the immediate vicinity or from other villages out of the project area. Due to the increased trading
possibilities in and around the project area, the local residents might easily accept the presence of imported
workers to their villages. The suddenly created demands on the items such as food, drinks, fuel wood, etc.,
and the different services which may considerably raise the prices of local products and inflate local prices
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can cause bad feelings in the local population. People who sell their products or services will benefit, while
those local people who are dependent on the same purchases may suffer in the form of increased prices.
Therefore, occasional and personal conflicts may be expected due to this and related reasons.
The following are recommended measures to mitigate conflict between workers and local community:
 Although labor recruitment is a matter of the contractor, with the right to determine whom to be
employed, an attempt will have to be made to maximize the benefit sharing/distribution to the local
residents and increase social acceptability of the project.
 The contractor will use his best endeavor to maximize local hire of labor, in so far as they are
compatible with their skill requirements.
 Provision of information regarding the project including job opportunities will be circulated to the
local population through their leaders and wereda administration office.
 Any complaints will be recorded and resolved through negotiations with the community; and public
Relation Officer will be assigned from the contractor side to liaison with local communities and
authorities and he will be permanently on project site to promote social integration and development
of mutually satisfactory solutions to problems affecting local communities.
3.5 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
3.5.1 Overview
The main aspects of occupational health, and safety impacts with regard to construction and operation of the
Project is discussed based on the national standards and IFC Environmental, Health and Safety guidelines,
chapter 2.0 (International Finance Corporation, 2007), IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines for
Geothermal Power Generation (International Finance Corporation, 2007). The proposed Aluto Langano
Geothermal project has a potential to generate adverse impacts on health and safety of the workers.
3.5.2 Potential EHS Hazards of the project
The anticipated health and safety impacts is due to construction and operation activities of the geothermal
Project. The project and its contractors are obliged to implement all reasonable precautions to protect the
health and safety of workers.
Risk assessment will be carried out prior to the commencement of the project as to analyze potential risk.
Based on the analyze preventative and protective measures will be introduced according to the following
order of priority (Impact Mitigation Hierarchy): Eliminate/Avoid (Physically remove the hazard or the
cause of the danger completely), Substitute (replace the hazardous work practice or machine with an
alternative), Isolate (separate the hazard from the people at risk from injury), Engineering controls
(Physical changes. E.g., redesign machine or method sof works by adding safeguards), Administrative
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controls (Change the way people work or install signs, rotate jobs, etc), Personal Protective Equipment-
PPE (Protect the worker with PPE through provision of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
The project shall develop and implement a Safety Management Plan (SMP) comprises of monitoring and
reporting mechanism of occupational accidents and diseases, dangerous occurrences and incidents. There are
no known environmental hazards that threaten the Project. General hazard related to construction work,
geothermal project operation and decommissioning activities are of the nature that it can pose hazard for the
project workers while they are on duty within or around the core project site. Hazards related to work in
geothermal projects are mostly related to the fluid and steam of extreme temperatures and the emission of
geothermal gases, especially H 2S. In addition, the followings are the anticipated major occupational health
and safety impacts that needs to a serious follow-up and actions during the construction and operation period
are the following:
 Confined spaces: Entry into confined space by workers and the potential for accidents may vary
among geothermal facilities,
 Heat: Exposure to heat occurs during construction activities and non-routine cases which include
potential blowout accidents during drilling,
 Noise: Its main sources are related to well drilling, steam flushing and venting. Other sources
include, equipment related to pumping facilities, turbines, and temporary pipe flushing activities.
Temporarily noise level may exceed 100 dB during certain drilling and steam venting activities.
The main Hazard Assessment for the project will be prepared by the Contractor with a thorough risk
assessment before commencement of the construction work and develop an Emergency Preparedness and
Response Plan that comprises a recommendation and procedures to manage any hazards and minimize risk
during construction period.
3.6 Cumulative Impacts
3.6.1 Cumulative Impact on Lake Ziway
Several other projects are already functional or are scheduled to be built near the project area, which may
affect Lake Ziway water volume. These projects include:
 Flower and other small-scale vegetable farms: The existing flower and small-scale vegetable farms
that abstract water from the Lake Ziway intensively have contribute an impact on the diminishing
volume of the lake water. Different studies indicated that given the existing pressure from such
development project activities that abstract water from the Lake Ziway will have a potential to result
impacts on the Lake’s water volume and quality.
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 Water Supply and Sanitation Project in the surrounding area: This social development initiative
intended to facilitate the availability of water to the municipal water from Lake Ziway which ultimately
result in an impact of water quality and quantity of Lake Ziway.
Although the project consumes significant amount of water during the drilling phase it will immediately
reduce to the negligible amount of water after the completion of the drilling. The respective mitigation
measures are discussed under section 7 that contribute to avoid and/or minimize the impacts and to
compromise the deterioration on water quality of Lake Ziway.
3.6.2 Cumulative impacts on forest coverage
Due to the consumption of excessive wood for domestic and industrial activities the forest coverage of the
country is decreasing from day to day. Although the impact of the project on the local forest coverage is
minimum, clearance of a small amount of vegetations could exacerbate the current rate of deforestation of
the country. Since the clearance of some vegetations inside the proposed project implementation areas is a
must, this development activities considered to have the cumulative impacts on the forest coverage within
and around the project site in particular and the country forest coverage in general. Therefore, a number of
mitigation measures are taken in to account to be implemented to compromise the cumulative impacts on the
reduction in forest coverage (see Table 6-1 of chapter 6 and section 7.3.7 of the chapter 7.)
4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environmental and Social Mitigating and Management plan (ESMP) describes the range of
environmental and social issues associated with the project and outlines corresponding management
strategies that will be employed to mitigate potential adverse environmental and social impacts.
The major purpose of the ESMP is to identify mitigation measures to avoid and/or reduce the identified
impacts emanated from the project activity; describes the roles and responsibilities of participating parties
and key personnel for the implementation of the mitigation measures; identify procedures to ensure that the
mitigation measures are implemented adequately during all phases of project construction; and identify and
recommend capacity development program, as required. Mitigation measures for the project are identified in
Table 6.1 below. Parties responsible for implementing or overseeing implementation of mitigation measures,
as well as their roles and responsibilities are described in Section 8.
Most of the project environmental and social management activities will be carried out during the
construction phase, which can be expected to be generated by the implementation of development projects
like Aluto Geothermal project. These impacts are principally associated with the construction of the Aluto
Langano Geothermal Project drilling, excavation for Pads, work camps, access road, quarries development
and spoil disposal areas, and the presence of large labor force.
The Project’s environmental and social management plan is consisting of a series of recommendations and
mitigation measures. Each environmental and social mitigation measures are discussed at the respective
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environment and social mitigation section. The mitigation measures are designed to address environmental
and social impacts generated due to the proposed project construction and operation activities. The
contractor is responsible for implementing construction related environmental mitigation and monitoring
measures indicated in this report and measures specified in the contract bid document. EEP will be fully
responsible for implementing the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) once it is prepared and cleared and further
also conduct adequate monitoring of implementation of RAP during the project period, before the civil work
commenced.
Upon completion of construction, EEP will be responsible for implementing environmental and social
management measures associated with operation of the Aluto Langano Geothermal Phase III Project.
Monitoring programs are developed to ensure that these impacts during construction and operation phases of
the project are effectively mitigated and controlled (see section 7)
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Table 6-22:Environmental and Social impacts mitigation measures
Issues/ Potential Mitigation Measure Responsible Estimated Cost Project phase

Impacts Bodies (lump sum)
Bio-physical environment
Impact on  Although, no sensitive plant species is found and affected by the project,  Contractor  300,000  Construction
Vegetatio replanting and afforestation program will be in place around the camp site,
n (Flora) inside the delineated safety zone and other disturbed areas to compensate any
damage on plants during the construction phase.
 Coordinate with wereda offices in charge of tree seedling raise and planting to
have tree species with locally adoptable and high carbon sequestration capacity  EEP  Operation
 Create awareness to avoid unnecessary cutting of trees.
 Brine and condensed discharges will be re-injected in order to avoid potential
toxic effects on flora or soil.
 Inspect and approve all correctly located and pegged clearing sites. Vegetation
clearance shall only be undertaken once consent to clear strip of plantation is
decided by the responsible entities in charge of forest management.
 Instruct all construction workers to restrict clearing to the marked areas and not
to harvest any other forest products for personal consumption.
 Ensure that all clearing is undertaken with minimal disturbance to the
surrounding environment, within the extent of approved sites only.
Impacts  Prohibiting illegal hunting by the project workers and community members  Contractor  50,000.00  Construction
on Fauna
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species residing nearby the project site.

 Carryout sensitization and awareness for the community to avoid illegal
hunting.  EEP  Operation
 working in collaboration with stakeholders such as woreda Natural resource
management office and Oromia forest and wildlife protection authority
(OFWPA) to promote conservation activities
Birds  Placing of visible signs like flappers to prevent striking of birds to drilling  Contractor  10,000.00  Construction
machines.
Land Use  Appropriate landscaping of the project area to improve aesthetic quality  Contractor  10,000.00  Construction
 Site reinstatement activities and site restoration plan for all core project or  Operation
auxiliary activities that necessitate reinstatement and/or rehabilitation
10,000.00
Soil  Excavation of soil for pads and evaporation pond should be in a manner where  Contractor  Construction
top soil are stored in a separate place for future reinstatement of quarry and spoil
disposal area.
 During excavation the contractor is required to advise the construction machines
operators to minimize erosion in the identified core area.
Solid and liquid  The excavation sludge and construction liquid waste should be collected in an  Contractor  100,000.00  Construction
waste evaporation pond and should not spill over the bund of the pond.
management  Waste management should be regularly adopt best waste management practices
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that include segregation of wastes at generation place, properly store and safe
transport and disposal to designated area chosen by the Supervising Engineer  EEP
(SE). Operation
 Adequate waste management facilities should be provided in compliance with
the required standards.
 The solid waste from the work site and camp should be collected in covered
barrels / dust bins and dumped in selected dumping site.
 After the completion of the drilling process, the contractor has to reinstate
/landscape the site to its previous state not to have any aesthetical and soil
erosion impact
 Apply integrated waste management practices (i.e. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle &
proper disposal), including compost making from all green or biodegradable
waste.
 Prepare and implement Waste Management Plan
200,000.00
Air Quality  Conduct regular monitoring of the amount of the pollutants released so as to be  Contractor  Construction
alert in case of any events exceeding the threshold value.
 Air quality should be monitored according to the national and international
standards and to the value for the corresponding pollutants shall set out in the
contractor’s health and safety manual /method statement, and other international
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standards, e.g. WHO, IFC, etc.

 Installation of warning signs for workers, communities and visitors at the
designated areas (safety zone).
 Installation of H2S monitoring and warning system.
 PPE shall be distributed to all employees engaging in the drilling work and other
exposed Workers on the nearby environment.
 Vehicles delivering soil material shall be covered to reduce dust emission
 Limit vehicle speeds is essential to minimize the generation of dust.
 Watering of roads and control/ minimize dust arising from access roads during
construction.
 Regular maintenance of wellheads and geothermal fluid pipelines, including
corrosion control and inspection.
 Apply pressure monitoring, use of blowout prevention equipment such as shutoff
valves.
 Develop and implement emergency response for well blowout and pipeline
rupture, including measures for containment of geothermal fluid spills.
 Develop and implement Emergency Preparedness and Response plan
considering all project activities.
Noise and  Workers should wear ear mufflers and other necessary safety protection Contractor 50,000.00 Construction
Vibration equipment /PPE/ and have safety protection materials/tools
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 Noise level shall be kept low and monitored according to the national and
international standards.
 Machines and vehicles shall be maintained regularly to keep noise at a EEP operation
minimum.
 Carry out noisy construction activities during daytime, as possible.
 Advise local people at the time when there will be unusually high levels of noise
 Develop and Apply Emergency Preparedness plan and response plan, as
necessary.
Camp  Prepare and implement camp management plan that comprises all the required  Contractor  100,000.00  Before
Management measures including waste management, Health and safety management, gender- Construction
based violence
 Develop and implement Code of Conduct (COC) of the Project etc.
Drilling sites  Developing the drilling site management plan to restore the disturbed areas.  Contractor  50,000.00  Construction
Management
Water quality  Ensure that potential sources of petro-chemical pollution are handled in such a  Contractor  50,000.00  Construction
and quantity way as to reduce chemical spills and leaks.
 Train work crews in safe handling of petro- chemicals and other potential
pollutants that affect the quality of water nearby  EEP  Operation
 Minimize soil sedimentation as outlined under sediment control, which will be
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prepared by the contractor under CESMP or other sub management strategy

implementation plan
 Put in place measures that will ensure wastage of water resources and reduce
abstraction of water from lake ziway. Re-injection of water and recycling shall
be considered in the proposed design to use brine for drilling.
 Accidental leakages and bursts to water supply pipelines should be reported and
repaired immediately. Recycling water as much as possible should be
encouraged.
 Control of water flows and water consumption records must be kept and availed
to the supervising engineer at the end of working days.
 Develop alternative water sources for construction and operation activities such
as water harvesting, installation of water tanker to collect water from the Lake
during high rainy season, develop a schedule that aligned with water abstraction
versus drilling work and other construction activities schedule
Materials &  Storage facilities shall be constructed with national and international standards  Contractor  200,000.00  Construction
Chemicals applicable for material handling and storage purpose, principles and advanced
Storage labeling. These include among others:
Management o Ensure stacks, tiers, and piles are stable and stacked to aid safe handling
and loading.
plan
o Segregate chemicals and materials and store hazardous materials in
 EEP  Operation
accordance with the company requirements and on pallets to discourage
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rodent infestation.
o Immediately clean up spills and leaks that contaminate the nearby
environment.
o Use slings to hoist bagged material, lumber, bricks, masonry blocks, and
similar loosely stacked materials only if the slings are fully secured against
falling by straps, sideboards, nets, or other suitable devices.
o Avoid inappropriate storage of inflammable and other combustible
chemicals that can lead to spontaneous fire and explosions with the
associated release of toxic gases.
o Monitor and dispose expired chemicals as per the national and
international standards.
o Prepare and implement a warehouse Management procedure
o Establish temporary and permanent spill containment structure,
accordingly
Sensitive  Identify natural areas on site plans, especially environmentally sensitive or  Contractor  30,000.00  Construction
Environmental ecologically fragile areas.
Areas  Locate construction sites/activities away from sensitive areas.

 Provide training to construction workers to ensure their understanding on the
requirements to maintain and protect sensitive environmental sites within and
around the project area
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Drainage  Construct all designed drainage works prior to, during, or immediately  Contractor  1,000,000.00  Construction
following excavation work in order to minimize erosion hazard.
 Preparation of flood control structures on the places where the potential flooding
is exhibited/expected.
 Periodic maintenance of drainages and other flood mitigation structures.
 Preparation of retention ponds to reduce the flood coming from the upper hill
 EEP  Operation
and affect the farmland found at the bottom of the hill.
 Inspect all works and ancillary sites for drainage and erosion problems after
each major storm event during the period of construction.
 Repair all failed drains and take other appropriate action as directed by the
supervisor Engineer/ESMT unit.
Socio economic
Will be captured  Before

Land  Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) should be prepared and adequate and proper  EEP
compensation will be paid to PAPs under RAP construction
Acquisition
 Complete all necessary land acquisition prerequisites for the project activities in
accordance with FDRE’s Proclamation No. 455/2005 and WB OP 4.10
requirements.
Livelihood  Undergo need assessment to secure livelihood EEP  Before

Restoration  Prepare Livelihood Restoration Plan (LRP) for the vulnerable groups including construction
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Will be captured
households below poverty line and PAPs losing more than 20% of their land as
under LRP
the result of the project grievance mechanism should assist in managing impacts
on livelihoods
Vulnerable  Special measures (in addition to the entitled compensation) shall be EEP  Construction
incorporated in the RAP and complementary mitigation and enhancement Will be captured
Groups  Operation
activities to protect socially and economically vulnerable groups such as under Rap and
women- headed families, children and elderly people without support structures LRP
and people living in extreme poverty.

 Assistance and help in dismantling salvageable materials from their original
home, and Priority access to all other mitigation and development assistances.
Based on the assessment the community development programs such as EEP

Community  Will be  Construction
water supply, school, youth center are proposed. The details will be captured under & Operation
Development
discussed under Rap and LRP RAP and LRP
Program
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ROW and  Careful survey of the land that possibly acquire due to the construction of water EEP  Before
pipeline, consultation with landowners and occupiers, a land pre-condition Will be captured construction
Environmental
report and land management plan. under RAP
Management
for construction  The Designing of the road alignment/survey along the pipeline should be aimed
at to limit the impact on the landscape to minimum.
of water
 Right of Way (RoW) for pipeline should consider the basic principles of
pipeline
drainage management, and application of health and safety measures as per the
regulations and methods statement of the contractor
 Compensation shall be implemented as per FDRE’s legal decrees and Project
RAP
50,000.00
Cultural  Although no cultural heritage is found in the project area, in case of any “chance Contractor  construction
Heritage findings” the contractor will develop and immediately implement chance finding
EEP
procedure, action under chance find procedure among others include the
ARCHH
constrictor or the person who first identify the heritage will stop immediately the
activities and report the respective manager, to be communicated to EEP and the
Ministry or regional bureaus in charge of protection and management of cultural
heritage in the area; Fence off archeological sites, if any sighted /uncovered
“chance findings” during construction and report to EEP and the appropriate
authority; etc
30,000.00
Socio-  Consult the local community on project plan in advance of construction and Contractor  Before
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environmental involve them in the site construction planning process. EEP construction
issues  Arrange for local people to be employed and trained.  Construction
Other
 Contractor should strictly follow procedures to avoid employment of Child  operation
stakeholders
Labor.
 Include women and vulnerable groups to be engaged in the project activities,
which compatible for them.
 Negotiate and agree with community about disposal areas and stockpiles sites.
 Provision of the community services and development facilities
100,000.00
HIV/AIDS and  Health education especially on HIV/AIDS and STIs should be given regularly. Contractor  Construction
STIs  It is also best to recruit work forces from the project area in order to avoid any  operation
EEP
new cases coming with migratory workforce.
 Aggressive health education will be provided, and awareness shall be created to Local
workers and surrounding communities during construction. administratio

 The local administration should play vital role in controlling informal sector n
activities near the project camp and the contractor is expected to support the Nearby health
intended initiatives Clinics and at
 Provide free condom to construction workers. Ziway, Adami
Tulu, etc
50,000.00
Substance  The project workers’ camp and all work sites shall be managed through a well- Contractor  Construction
abuse/Miscondu developed, Gender Based Violence action plan and Code of Conduct (CoC).
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ct  Prepare a Drug and Alcohol-Free Workplace Program that specifies the

approach to drug testing and management of the work sites
 There should be a zero-tolerance policy for Gender Based Violence (GBV) and
Violence Against Children (VAC).
 Provision of training program focusing on GBV and grievance Redress
Facilities.
100,000.00
Conflict  The contractor will use his best endeavor to maximize local hire of labor, in so Contractor,  Construction
between far as they are compatible with his skill requirements.
EEP,
Workers and  Provision of information regarding the project including job opportunities will
be circulated to the local population through their leaders. Local
Local
 Any complaints will be recorded and resolved through negotiations with the Administratio
Community
community. n
 A public Relation Officer will be assigned from the contractor side to liaison GRC
with local communities and authorities and he will be permanently on site to
promote social integration and development of mutually satisfactory solutions to
problems affecting local communities.
 Prepare and implement Labor Influx Management Plan(LIMP)
50,000.00
Grievance  Affordable and accessible GRM procedure will be developed for the project in EEP,  before
Redress order to address project related grievances/complaints. construction
Contractor
Mechanism  GRM committee with appropriate representation of PAPs and other stakeholders and over the
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will be established at Woreda level. PAPs & GRC project

period
Local
Administratio
n
100,000.00
Workers’  Contractor to prepare for approval detailed Workers Camp site environmental Contractor  Before
Camp plan, which comprises all required facilities management and adequate construction
provision for safe disposal of all wastes and prevention of spillages and leakages  Construction
of polluting materials, etc. the Contractor required to update and implement the
Camp site management plan over the program construction period.
Occupational Health and Safety
500,000.00
Drilling sites  On site Air quality and Noise Monitoring stations shall be established and  Contractor  Construction
Management regularly carry out air quality and noise monitoring mainly arising from the
drilling site and specicic places where high noise area and dust and other
pollutant emission expected
 Preparation of Contractor Environmental and Social Management Plan
(CESMP) by taking additional sub management plans into considerations. These
include Emergency preparedness and response plan, store management plan,
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Safety management Plan, etc.

Utilize of good industry practices such as integrated waste management,
restoring the disturbed areas, etc.
132,000
Security  The deployed security personnel shall induce other risks to the nearby  EEP  During
management communities and employees if not managed properly. construction
 Preparation of security management plan and implementing it accordingly.
1,000,000.00
Health safety  Installation of H2S monitoring and warning system and regularly monitor H2S.  Contractor  Construction
effect during  Development of contingency plan for H2S release events. 
drilling other  Provision of facility Emergency Response Team and workers in locations with
construction high risk of exposure, with personal H2S monitors, and self-containing breathing
activities apparatus, and other appropriate PPE.

 Provision of adequate ventilation and develop and implement of a confined
space entry program for areas designated as confined spaces.
 Provision of workers with a fact sheet or other readily available information
about the chemical composition of liquid and gases.
 Organize an environmental management and safety training. All contractors and
supervising consultant’s field supervisors shall attend the training.
 Place warning signs at well drilling sites and at the designated safety zone.
 Provision of adequate PPE for all workers engaging in the Drilling activities.
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 Provide regular safety orientation to workers

 Keep non- authorized personnel away from restricted construction areas
 Provision of standard ‘first aid kit’ at the construction sites and make
‘firefighting equipment’ available in appropriate place.
 Apply Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP), as necessary.
Community  Placement of access deterrents, such as fences and warning signs.

exposed to  Minimizing of height of necessary pipeline systems.
Physical  Consideration of the feasibility of subsurface pipelines or heat shields to prevent
 Preconstruct
Hazard public contact with hot geothermal pipelines.
ion
 Consult, inform and advise the local community on project risks and mitigation
 Constructio
measures in advance of construction and involve them in the site construction
n
planning process. 300,000.00
Contractor  Operation
 Awareness creation to the public around the project site on potential physical
risks and hazards with an appropriate communication mechanism (e.g. using  decommissio
EEP
posters and/ or awareness raising sessions in Church/mosque congregations, , ning
etc.)
 Managing closure of well heads including sealing well with cement, removing
the well heads and backfilling depression around the well heads, as necessary
and where technically feasible
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Community  Managing access for the community due to closure of infrastructure such as
exposed to pipelines,access roads, quarry and spoil disposal sites, including cleaning and
Physical di-assembly area of equipment and removal of equipment, analysis of soil
Hazard quality with cleanup where warranted, rehabilitation/reinstatement of the site,

re-vegetation of site and blockade and reclamation of access roads where
necessary.
 As a precautionary measure, safety and health standard manual with all
applicable language, including ocal language shall be prepared and used in
workplace and for the community living around the project area.
 Schools and other noise sensitive areas shall be notified at least 5 days before
construction is due to commence
Decommissioning and Site reclamation management
300,000.00
Decommissioni  Decommissioning of the geothermal power plants will be focused on Contractor  Decommissio
ng and site dismantling and removal of their setting after their normal useful life and ning or after
EEP
reclamation Reclamation will be carried out within decommissioning phase to restore the construction
management site at its original state. Typical activities during the

decommissioning/reclamation phase include closure of all facilities and wells;
removal of above ground components and gravel from well pads, access roads
(if not maintained for other uses), and other ancillary facility sites; re-contouring
the surface; and re-vegetation. Also, remediation of contaminated sites is an
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activity done in this phase if any accidental spillage of toxic substances occurred
during the other phases and has not yet been cleaned or dealt with.
 Following completion of works, prepare areas for rehabilitation by re-vegetation
or engage local community to plant vegetation, where appropriate.
 Preparation of site restoration and rehabilitation plan
 The following reclamation and restoration activities shall be completed

following construction:
 Prior to construction the contractor shall take photos of the well pad and access
roads to document pre-construction conditions
 The contractor shall restore grades on site to match pre-construction conditions
 The proper restoration of the site shall be documented by the contractor in a

post-construction report containing pre- and post-construction photos
 The drilling mud treatment facilities and water intake and/or drilling fluid
disposal pipes shall be dismantled upon completion of the exploration phase and
removed from the project site.
 Where applicable, the temporary treatment facilities and pipes for disposal of
geothermal fluids produced during the well tests shall be dismantled after
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completion of the tests and the temporary treatment facilities and pipes shall be
removed from the project site.
 The drilling fluid and mud reserve pits, and any water supply sumps shall be
filled in, and graded to match the surrounding area.
 The worker camp, latrine, and storage area, including all aggregate and
materials, shall be dismantled and removed from the site. The worker camp and
storage area shall be resurfaced as necessary to match the surrounding area.
 Ensure topsoil is left in a non-compacted condition following completion of
works
 Heavily compacted areas should be appropriately de-compacted to facility

quicker vegetation re- growth and Re-vegetation will be undertaken with local
indigenous plants, grass, shrubs, and trees.
 Coordinate and Involve local community and the Woreda Agricultural Office to
provide materials and implement re-vegetation.
 Rehabilitate ancillary sites such as borrow areas, camp sites, material storage
sites etc. within one month of the final use, including the removal of structures,
refuse, stockpiles and other temporary features.
N.B: draft lump sum costs stated in table 9.1 and further qualified in the CESMP
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5 SITE SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS/SUB-PLANS
In order to develop a comprehensive ESMP, site specific management plans/sub-plans

should be prepared as an independent document. These site specific management plans are
included in this ESMP as annexes. The followings are the site specific management plans.
5.1 Stakeholder consultation plan
The Project implements stakeholder engagement plan on different levels based on the local context
as outlined in the site-specific environmental and social management plans. The stakeholders are
identified during the Program implementation. The framework of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan
is developed as a result of the project effectiveness. As the project includes different activities,
relevant stakeholders in the implementation localities are involved. The mapping and identification
of stakeholders, including governmental and CSOs/NGOs are determined by EEP/AGP
environmental and Social Monitoring Team in scoping and selection of the plan. Please refer annex
3 for detail information. Stakeholder consultation guideline
Public consultation is regarded as important and mandatory that project planners and implementers
required, including Aluto Geothermal Development Project. According to the FDRE Constitution,
Article 92; “People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of their views in the
planning and implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly”.
A participatory and transparent approach is encouraged throughout the social assessment process.
Key project stakeholders need to be identified, and a process initiated for consulting with them as
early as possible during project preparation, implementation and M&E. A plan for consultation
need to be developed to cover each stage of project.
In accordance with the requirement of World Bank Operational Policies on Environment and Social
safeguards (O.P 4.01, O.P 4.12) applicable to this geothermal project, proportional to the potential
adverse environmental and social risks and impacts that are less severe or sensitive than Category A
projects, but are site specific and few, if any, are irreversible as Category B Project. And also for
those contracted by EEP to undertake works, consult project affected community members,
government bodies, and the local NGOs, among others, about the project environmental and social
aspects, and their views into account.
The consultation process will continue with relevant stakeholders throughout the project
implementation as necessary to address project-related impacts that affect them. Additional
requirements relating to consultation around specific issues that may be addressed in the ESIA,
such as involuntary resettlement and ESMPs also have to be met.
105
This guideline is prepared with the objective of helping the project developer and implementer to
conduct effective and efficient public consultation across the project influence areas meanwhile
disclosing information for wider public and pertinent stakeholders about the project and the project
related potential impacts and risks. Please see annex 4 for details.
5.2 Covid19 protocol for AGP
The procedure outlines the measures to prevent and control the spread of coronavirus and other
infectious diseases during the drilling operation at Aluto. Please see annex 5 for details of this
plan.
5.3 Emergency Response Plan
The current rapid economic development has brought changes in workplaces in developing
countries, including Ethiopia. The organization of occupational health and safety services is not yet
resilient enough to handle the growing demands for workers’ health in the context of
industrialization.
The activities of Aluto geothermal project can induce some emergent situation that should be
carefully planned and responded. This emergency response Plan provides guidance, methods and
requirements on emergency plan for the Aluto Geothermal Project (the Project
Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is one of the mechanisms used to increase/strengthen
occupational health and safety of the workers and it provide guidance during emergencies. Besides
the major benefit of providing guidance during an emergency, developing the plan has other
advantages of discovering unrecognized hazardous conditions that would aggravate an emergency
and it help the project to work to eliminate them. The planning process may bring to light
deficiencies, such as the lack of resources (equipment, trained personnel, supplies), or items that
can be rectified before an emergency occurs. In addition, an emergency plan promotes safety
awareness and shows the organization's commitment to the safety of workers. Please refer annex 6
for the details.
5.4 GBV action plan and code of conduct
GBV in Ethiopia is prevalent where domestic and intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual
harassment and assault, and harmful traditional practices such as child and early forced marriage
(CEFM) and female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) are some of the most prevalent GBV issues
in the country.2 Estimates range from 34-70% of ever-married women aged 15-49 had experienced
106
physical and/or sexual violence over their lifetime. 3 For never-married women age 15-49 who have
experienced physical violence, the most common perpetrators of physical violence are siblings,
other relatives, father/step-fathers, and teachers; among ever-married women, perpetrators are most
likely to be current or former partners. 4 A culture of GBV acceptance, and rigid norms about
women’s roles and relation to men, prevail.5 As is the case globally, levels of GBV reporting are
low. Only 23 percent of women reported having sought help after having experienced physical or
sexual violence and 66 percent never sought help or told anyone.6
Risk factors for GBV arise at multiple levels from societal level due to gaps in the law, weak
enforcement, poor and uneven economic development, and societal attitudes and norms;
community level with peer pressure and weak community sanctions; family level arising from
household poverty and women’s economic disempowerment; as well as various factors which
heighten individual vulnerability.7 GBV mostly affects women and girls due to the fact that in
many cultures of Ethiopia, they are marginalized and have little or no power to make important
decisions about their lives. Their low status in many communities, preexisting high prevalence of
GBV and high levels of poverty, are all likely to be exacerbated by the locust infestation and
response resulting in heightened vulnerability to GBV in the community.
With the possible deployment of external personnel including contractors in the project
implementation areas; communities may be exposed to increased risks of sexual exploitation and
abuse (SEA) by project workers. Moreover, GBV could result from intra household conflict over
the receipt of cash/livelihood support and/or sexual exploitation of community members who are
extorted for sexual favors in exchange for registration to benefit from or release of funds
livelihood support.
In Ethiopia, constitutional and national laws including the 2005 Revised Criminal Code and 2000
Revised Family Code exist to guarantee equal rights and prohibit GBV, including FGM/C. The
FDRE Constitution has provisions that make all international instruments ratified by Ethiopia as
part of the law of the land. FDRE Constitution stipulates the fundamental rights and freedoms to be
interpreted in conformity with the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human rights,
International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenants on Social, Economic
3
CSA, EDHS, 2016 and WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women, 2005
4
CSA, EDHS, 2016, pg. 292.
5
Cordon, et al, Systemic Literature Review of Gender-Based Violence in Ethiopia, Social Impact, 2018.
6
CSA, EDHS, 2016.
7
World Bank: Ethiopia GBV Portfolio Review Report, 2019
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and Cultural Rights and international instruments ratified by Ethiopia. Eg. CEDAW, DEVAW etc.
Please see annex 7 for details of this plan.
5.5 Security management plan
Companies around the world commonly hire or contract security personnel to protect their
employees, facilities, assets, and operations, ranging from a single night watchman to a large
contingent of private security guards or even deployment of public security forces. While many
companies already assess the types and likelihood of security threats posed by their operating
environment, they are increasingly being called upon to consider the impacts their security
arrangements might have on local communities. Good practice regarding the use of security forces
is based on the concept that providing security and respecting human rights can and should be
consistent. Gender considerations are also important, as women often have different experiences
and interactions with security personnel.
The activities of the project contain specific security challenges. These include activities related
petty theft, vandalism, roadblock, labor unrest, trespassing. This Security management Plan
provides guidance, policies, and requirements on security management for the Aluto Geothermal
Project (the Project). It follows and complies with practices like proactive communication,
community engagement, and grievance redress mechanism. Such practices are central to this plan,
and often done through collaboration between the FPC commander/security team leader, securities
forces, project management and the project ESMT. This document identifies risks present in the
project activities, methods to mitigate these risks, and the requirements to ensure the highest levels
of security in the implementation of the Project. The plan adheres to the WB environmental and
social standards to undertake due diligence in accordance with WB OP and national laws on the use
of security forces, which provides the comprehensive structure of the security program for the full
project across all tasks. Community engagement and grievance redress mechanism is employed to
address any security related issues. The plan considered gender and gender related issues of the
activities. The plan also ensured proper training, rules of conduct, and consultations with security
forces and local community. Hence, different types of trainings are arranged for the security staff,
contractors, local community and local government officials for the effectiveness of this plan.
Please refer annex 8 for the details of this plan.
5.6 OCHS action plan
The objective of the Occupational and Community Health, Safety and Security program (OCHSS)
is to efficiently accomplish the Aluto Geothermal Sector development project-Aluto Geothermal
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site in an environment which is free from Health and Safety risks, incidents, injuries, diseases, and
Security threats.
In line with this, an action plan is developed. The proposed action plan is categorized under three
major components namely, Component # 1- Security, Component # 2- Emergency Preparedness
and Response and Component # 3- Occupational, Community Health and Safety.
The proposed actions will promote integration of OCHSS principles as a key part of daily work
practices in Aluto project.
It is suggested that the sections of the action plan, regarding the implementation time (target start
and completion date), responsible body and the required resources need to be filled by EEP.
The proposed action plan could be cascaded down to the consultant and contractor as applicable,
and EEP is expected to do its level best in meeting the proposed indicators and produce the stated
evidences for compliance and performance measurement.
It is important to note that, the proposed action plan will be reviewed and amended from time to
time, based on new Health, Safety and Security issues that will be identified or observed during the
execution of the Aluto project. Please see annex 9 for the details of this plan
5.7 Store management plan
The Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP) defines the actions and measures
necessary for the overall management of environment and social impacts for both the Project
implementation Unit (EEP) and contractors in line with the applicable law and other obligations.
The ESMPs are comprised of a suite of management plans. This Management Plan is the Project
Hazardous Chemicals and Materials Management Plan.
Hazardous materials are any materials that represent a risk to human health, property or the
environment due to their physical or chemical characteristics. The characteristics that establish a
solid waste as hazardous are ignitability, corrosively, reactivity and EP (Extraction Procedure)
toxicity. These characteristics are determined through the application of standard physical tests.
Aluto Geothermal Project has 16 drilling and water supply facilities and chemical warehouses;
among this Three (3) warehouses are on site for the activities of the project. And the rest 13(thirty)
are in the project power plan area.
The Project seeks to proactively manage the handling and storage of hazardous Chemicals and
materials, as well as the prevention of accidents and the control of releases of hazardous materials
to ensure the protection of the workforce, the public(Community), property and the environment.
Please see annex 10 for the details of this plan.
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5.8 Borrow pit management plan
The Project needs the rehabilitation of all weather roads or construction to guarantee temporary
access to the site and to handle all the traffic generated during construction activities for the safe
transportation of personnel, materials and equipment both during construction and later during plant
operation. Borehole drilling and/or excavation of test pits shall be carried out to confirm the extent
and quality of the materials within the proposed site.
Test pits and boreholes shall be decommissioned unless used as a borrow site. Hydro geological
information shall be obtained to determine the presence and depth of any groundwater table.
Borrow pits should be preferably located in the areas with minimal volume of vegetation or
existing/decommissioned pits can be used. The borrow pit site should be clearly defined property
lines which will be surveyed and clearly marked to limit excavation within the approved area of the
site. Location of the borrow pit place will be well documents. Documentation should include: a
map showing the location and a plan-view of the site. Please refer annex 11 for the details of this
plan.
5.9 Labor influx management plan
Bank-financed investment projects often involve construction of civil works for which the required
labor force cannot be fully supplied locally. The influx of project induced workers and other
followers for various purposes, can contribute to adverse social and environmental impacts on the
existing social, economic and environmental settings, if labor influx is not managed appropriately.
The Labour Influx Management Plan (LIMP) is designed to avoid or minimize potential impacts
associated with local and/or regional population inflow to the project site, due to the construction
and implementation of Project. Sustainable local and regional economic development is important
to the communities who reside in and around the project area, and the Contractor is therefore
required to develop a detail labour influx management plan before the commencement of
construction work, which comprises the following specific measures, but not limited to:
 Minimize and Manage influx;
 Ensure the sustainable managements of influx of labor within the project site and the wider
Project Area of Influence addressing all the potential affected communities;
 Avoid, minimize or mitigate potential negative environmental, social and economic impacts
which might result from Project-induced population influx; and
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 Optimize opportunities for future economic development resulted from the implementation of
project.
The project will lead to influx of construction work forces and other people who are potentially
large number of job seekers and providers of goods and services to the project site. In many cases,
this influx of labor is accompanied by an influx of other people (“followers”) who follow the
incoming workforce with the aim of selling them goods and services, or in pursuit of job or
business opportunities. Please see annex 12 for the details of this plan.
5.10 Safety management plan
It is well understood that the project have potential health and safety affect unless safety measures
are properly implemented throughout the construction and operation period of the project.
Therefore, preparation and implementation of this health and safety management plan is given
priority. Please see annex 13 for the details of this plan.
5.11 Recommended sub-plans
In addition to the above presented sub-plans, there are other site specific management plans that
should be prepared by the respective contractors. In order to monitor the C-ESMP document, the
PIU prepared templates that each contractor will use as a guideline. Please refer annex 14 for the
details of the templates. The recommended site specific management plans are;
S.No Sub Plans Preparation Implementatio Monitoring Main Focusing Area of
n Period and Plan
Evaluation
(i) Camp Contractor Construction EEP & WB Management of HSE and

management EEP Operation WB Social aspects.
plan.
(iii) Air Quality and Contractor Construction EEP &WB Management of Toxic
Noise level geothermal Gases and
monitoring Plan. EEP Operation WB monitoring of air quality
and noise generated due
to the Project
(v) Solid & Liquid Contractor Construction EEP & WB Management of solid
Waste EEP Operation WB liquid and Hazardous
Management wastes.
Plan.
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(vii) Water Quality Contractor Construction EEP & WB Water quality monitoring
Monitoring and
EEP Operation WB
Pond
management
Plan.
(ix) Soil erosion Contractor Construction EEP & WB Management and

monitoring and EEP Operation WB Monitoring of soil
Flood erosion and Flooding
management impacts.
plan.
(xi) Accident Contractor Construction EEP & WB On site Traffic safety

monitoring and EEP Operation WB Management
On-Site traffic
Safety
management
plan.
(xiii) Drilling sites Contractor Construction EEP & WB Utilization of good

Management EEP Operation WB industry practices.
Plan.
(xv) Materials & Contractor Construction EEP & WB Integrated Store

Chemicals management Plan
Storage area (materials and
EEP Operation WB
(material data chemicals)
sheet)
Management
plan.
(xvii) Decommissioning Contractor Construction EEP & WB Good Reclamation

and site Practice of Quarry sites,
reclamation Temporary Camps and
management other disturbed areas.
plan. EEP Operation WB Good Reclamation
Practice of Ancillary
sites such as borrow
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areas, camp sites,

material storage sites etc.
xiii Forest and Contractor Construction EEP & WB protected forest and
wildlife wildlife in the affected
management plan EEP Operation EEP & WB
xiv Re-vegetation EEP Operation WB Good and well
management plan protected /afforested
affected areas
Contractor Construction EEP & WB Well protected areas
6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MONITORING
6.1 Overview
Environmental and social monitoring is an essential tool to provide the basis for rational management
decisions regarding impact control. It also facilitates and ensures the follow-up of the implementation of the
proposed mitigation measures, as required and anticipates possible environmental hazards and /or detects
unpredicted /unforeseen impacts over time.
Monitoring should be performed during all stages of the project (construction, operation, and
decommissioning) to verify the impact predictions and to ensure that the impacts are no greater than
predicted. Various monitoring approached and methods can be adopted and among others visual observation,
selection of environmental parameters at specific locations, and sampling and regular testing of these
parameters are applicable to the project.
Information collected during monitoring can contribute to improve the implementation of environmental and
social management plan when necessary and used to ensure that the anticipated impacts are mitigated.
Should the environmental monitoring determine construction works or operation pose an environmental
concern; the works or operation will be modified or halted.
The objectives of the environmental monitoring program me are to:
 monitor the changes in the environmental conditions by the construction and operation of the Aluto
Langano Geothermal Project;
 check on whether mitigation and benefit enhancement measures have actually been adopted, and are
proving effective in practice;
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 provide a means whereby any impacts which were subject to uncertainty at the time of preparation
of the ESIA, or which were unforeseen, can be identified, and to provide a basis for formulating
appropriate additional impact mitigation measures; and
 to provide information on the actual nature and extent of key impacts and the effectiveness of
mitigation and benefit enhancement measures which, through a feedback mechanism, can improve
the planning and execution of future, similar projects.
There are two basic forms of monitoring:
 Compliance monitoring, which checks whether prescribed actions have been carried out, usually
by means of inspection or enquiries, and
 Effects monitoring, which records the consequences of activities on one or more environmental
components, and usually involves physical measurement of selected parameters or the execution of
surveys to establish the nature and extent of induced changes.
For this project, it is recommended to carry out both compliance and effects monitoring. However, during
construction compliance monitoring will play a big role in checking whether recommended impact
mitigation and management plans have been carried out or not. This is because most impact control takes the
form of measures incorporated in project designs and contract documents, and the extent to which
recommendations on these matters, as set out in the ESIA and this ESMP, are complied with, plays a major
part in determining the overall environmental performance of the project.
The environmental monitoring plan outlined below and summarized in Table 7.1 describes the particular
issues that will be monitored through construction and operation phases of the project. The types of data that
will be collected to describe each issues are also included in the below table (Table 7.4).
During project period, various parties participated to monitor the implementation of environment and social
management measures/recommendations, such as the Supervision engineer will monitor day to day of the
program implementation, EPA and MoWIE will monitor periodically the project implementation and the
project Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) perform regular environmental and social
monitoring at all stages of the project, especially during the construction phase of the project.
This section presents a comprehensive environmental monitoring program for the Aluto Langano
Geothermal Project.
6.2 Monitoring to Establish Baseline
The quality of environmental and social assessment usually to a large extent constrained by limitation of
baseline information and data time series. The environmental and social baseline conditions, which will form
a basis for some of the monitoring activities, were determined by the ESIA studies during the pre-
construction Phase. However, there is a need for additional information about present status and
development trends for good predication of impacts of the project environment.
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A monitoring regime will begin at the earliest convenience to be established against and changes during
construction, and on into operation, can be assessed. Some of this can be included in the ongoing activities
of government agencies already active in the project area and some will be carried out by EEP or
organizations appointed by it. Therefore, it is recommended for EEP to set-up an environmental and social
monitoring system and establishes a database as well as support system for data storage and dissemination.
Such system might be established for general state of the environment and social management reporting.
Some of the prerequisite include:
 The contractor must agree and sign to implement all responsibilities identified in this ESMP
document. EEP is ought to follow up the overall tasks per the responsibilities delegated.
 Non-compliance to this ESMP will initiate a case to disqualify the bid.
 This ESMP document must be incorporated in the bid, and the contractor must be aware of its
implementation.
 This ESMP document will be put into effective after the contractor is selected.
6.3 Monitoring Plan: Construction Phase
6.3.1 General
Environmental and Social monitoring during the construction phase will comprise two components: (i)
review of the contractor’s plans, method statements, temporary works designs, and arrangements so as to
ensure that environmental and social protection measures specified in the contract documents are adopted,
and that the contractor’s proposals provide an acceptable level of impact control. (ii) systematic observation
of all site activities and the contractor’s offsite facilities including quarry and borrow areas, as a check that
the contract requirements relating to environmental and social matters are in fact being complied with, and
that no impacts foreseen and unforeseen are occurring.
Most of the monitoring activities will comprise visual observations during site inspection and will be carried
out at the same time as the engineering monitoring activities. Site inspections will take place with emphasis
on early identification of any environmental and social issues/problems and the initiation of suitable
remedial action. Where remedial actions have been required on the part of the contractor, further checks will
need to be made to ensure that these are actually being implemented to the agreed schedule and in the
required form. All sites where construction is taking place will be formally inspected from an environmental
and social safeguards viewpoint on a regular basis.
These activities will also be integrated with other construction supervision and monitoring activities to be
carried out by the Employer’s Engineer or designated consultant. He will decide on the appropriate course of
action to be taken in cases where unsatisfactory reports are received from his field staff regarding
environmental and social management matters. In the case of relatively minor matters, advice to the
contractor on the need for remedial action may suffice, but in all serious cases, Employer’s Engineer should
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issue a formal instruction to the Contractor to take remedial action, depending on the extent of his delegated
powers.
EEP as an implementing agency of this project has the responsibility to be involved with the construction
supervision team to oversee the implementation of this environmental and social monitoring plan. EEP will
strengthen the ESMT established at site level and is responsible to coordinate the environmental and social
management and monitoring activities on a day-to-day basis.
The Contractor will assign an Environmental, Social and Safety inspectors and he will carry out check
monitoring on daily basis and closely work with Employer ESMT.
In addition to visual observation, it is particularly important that monitoring should also include laboratory
testing and limited informal questioning of members of the local community and their leaders who live near
to the project since they may be aware of matters which are unsatisfactory, but which may not be readily
apparent or recognized during normal site inspection visits. In the following sections, monitoring activities
are presented for various impact components during the construction phase. Table 7.4 below outlines the
overall package of environmental and social monitoring that will be carried out in relation to the Project. The
table 7.4 also assigns responsibilities for each monitoring activity and proposes parties capable of carrying
out the monitoring on behalf of EEP.
Depending of the activities and mitigation measures, some of the parameters/indicators that could be used
during monitoring activities are the following and needs to be adopted in accordance with the type, scale,
and place of monitoring.
 Presence of posted visible signs

 Presence of sanitary facilities at camp sites.
 Level of awareness of the community pertaining to danger/ risk associated with drilling and other risk
prone activities.
 Presence/absence of unique stands of indigenous trees in the proposed project site.
 Accident/incident report records on actual accidents associated with the project and kept compiled with
the help of local community association/administration officials, teacher/students of local schools, as
applicable
 Sitting potential significant emissions impact sources measurement and determine the threshold
level/standard with consideration of hydrogen sulfide gas exposure to nearby communities (considering
key environmental factors such as proximity, morphology, and prevailing wind directions).
 Etc.
6.3.2 Air Quality monitoring
Monitoring of the air quality is one of the issues to be considered during the construction of geothermal
power plant. Dust, Carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Mercury (Hg), methane (CH4), ammonia
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(NH3) and Radon (Rn) are the main pollutants expected form this type of project. These pollutants contribute
to global warming, Acid rain, radiation, and noxious smells if released. Dust load on the nearby homesteads
and plants, nuisance odor in the nearby homes is an indicator of air pollution in the project area. Periodic
Air quality monitoring should be carried out using gas detector equipment. According to WHO, Hydrogen
sulfide is noxious gas that is immediately dangerous to life and health at level of 150 µg/m 3 H2S of air. The
amount of H2S in geothermal resources varies depending on the nature of the source. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
can rich moderate concentration in steam produced from geothermal fields, and some system can reach
moderate concentration in steam produced from some geothermal fields. At low concentrations, Hydrogen
Sulfide (H2S) can cause an odor nuisance. At higher concentrations, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is acutely toxic.
The average human nose can detect as little as 20PPb hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
The activity of Air quality monitoring shall consider compliance with IFC’s EHS Guidelines. According to
IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION the
potential for exposures to members of the community should be carefully considered during the planning
process and the necessary precautions implemented.
Where the potential for community exposure is significant, examples of mitigation measures include:
 Siting of potential significant emissions sources with consideration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas
exposure to nearby communities (considering key environmental factors such as proximity,
morphology and prevailing wind directions);
 Installation of a hydrogen sulfide(H2S) gas monitoring network with the number and location of
monitoring stations determined through air dispersion modeling, taking into account the location of
emissions sources and areas of community use and habitation;
 Continuous operation of the hydrogen sulfide(H2S) gas monitoring systems to facilitate early
detection and warning;
 Signs for H2S hazard shall permanently put on the designated areas (safety zone) and monitored
accordingly. The emergency preparedness and response plan will be prepared by considering of
handling accidental release of high concentration of H2S. When putting signs for H2S hazard it
should be with consideration of asthmatic Peoples and others which are highly susceptible to H2S.
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 The contractor shall be implemented WHO/IFC or Ethiopian Air Quality Guidelines to monitor
ambient concentration of toxic gasses released during the drilling/testing and continuous follow-up
will be made by the project.
 Emergency planning involving community input to allow for effective response. Hydrogen
sulfide(H2S) emissions, or other types of emissions, should not result in ambient concentrations
above nationally established air quality standards or, in their absence, internationally recognized
guidelines will be applicable.
6.3.3 Water Quality Monitoring
As it is indicated in the previous sections, Lake Ziway is a source of freshwater for various purposes of the
project activities. Although higher amount of water consumption is only for during Drilling purpose within
limited time, this could trigger reduction in the quality of water by reducing pollutants dilution capacity of
the Lake in the form of cumulative impact. Therefor the contractor is obliged to undertake periodic water
quality monitoring through the project life.
In addition, various facilities and construction activities such as camp and drilling activities are sources of
significant surface and ground water pollutants, if not managed properly. Dissolved minerals in the
geothermal water (Brine), chemicals in the geothermal fluid generated during exploration, testing, and
production activities, minerals and chemical elements from leakage from storage, e.g., boron, mercury,
arsenic, etc. are the major sources of pollutants that affect the quality of water within the core project area
including drinking water for human and animals. The monitoring of water quality shall take all the above
mentioned activities which have a potential of causing pollution and the nearby source of water into
consideration. Monitoring of water quality shall consider all areas which the above activities are taking
place.
The contractor shall consider the following criteria’s in conducting water quality monitoring
I) Water quality monitoring sites should be identified which consider the abstraction points and other
factors that the location for water quality monitoring needs to be at the abstraction point from Lake
Ziway. In addition, other monitoring sites could be within the project construction activities core area,
that could potentially capture impact on the quality of the nearby surface water sources before join the
natural drainage system. These sites will be determined by the contractor in the Contractor’s method
statement or CESMP. The planned water quality monitoring on Lake Ziway will be done in
collaboration with concerned local authorities such as FDRE Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority,
MoWIE, investors around the lake and the local communities.
Overall, it is recommended that the contractor should undertake monitoring of water quality at each point of
identified area. Effluents, wastewater or rainfall run-off drains from campsite, drilling site, water ponds, etc.
Total Dissolved Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Coliform, pH,
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Suspended solids and Dissolved Oxygen in the water are some of parameters to be considered in monitoring
of the nearby water,
6.3.4 Geothermal Brine water Monitoring
Monitoring of Brine water includes the following key activities.
• evaluation of the discharge toxicity

• evaluation of whether the discharge (Brine) water quality meets the water quality standards
by the relative regulatory agencies
• Assessment of the local aquatic ecosystem salinity capacity in order to design the discharge
within a minimal distance
• Evaluation of the efficiency of discharge facilities such as pipe lines and re-injection wells.
6.3.5 Noise level Monitoring
During construction, noise is expected to be one of the major problems. Regular sampling and measurement
of Noise level during construction activities (from drilling, blasting, quarry site etc.) is the responsibilities of
the contractor. This encompasses both the work sites and nearby settlement area to confirm that the level is
according to standards (55db.Day and 45db.night) and ensures that the implementation of the measures
required by the noise control plan is implemented as planned. The methods could be using portable sound
level meters once a week and upon complaints by residents, if happens. At construction sites the efficiency
of the implementation of the noise control and health and safety plan will be monitored. Noise level
monitoring could be supplemented by consulting project affected people to identify the level of monitoring
required. Thus, compliance with the regulation on the assessment and management of the Environmental
Noise and Regulation of Worker’s Health and Work Safety will be ensured. If nuisance noise is generated
around settlement areas and religious places during the construction period, it will be the responsibility of
the Contractor and ESMT to ensure that appropriate control measure is taken. Soil Erosion Monitoring
During earth excavation for temporary and permanent access roads construction, camp site, quarry site, spoil
disposal site, and storage facilities, it will exacerbate soil erosion. It will therefore be the responsibility of the
contractor to effectively handle erosion and control measures during construction as per Soil erosion and
decommissioning plan. Both ESMT and Contractor are responsible to monitor the effectiveness of erosion
and sedimentation control management plan. Focus should be given to work sites where soil is disturbed and
its immediate environs during and after vegetation clearing. In addition the contractor shall conduct erosion
monitoring in all corridors of the project and along the drainages stretching out from different sections of the
project.
6.3.6 Vegetation Clearance Monitoring
Unique patches of indigenous tree types should not be removed for this purpose. The contractor’s and
ESMT’s environmental inspectors should make sure that any unique and endangered tree species identified
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during the study should not be removed. Monitoring the replantation of indigenous species, rehabilitation of
work sites, shall be conducted by the Contractor with the support from ESMT. The contractor should ensure
that areas used as temporary work site and campsites for workers are progressively rehabilitated, as they are
no longer required. Parameters to be monitored include areas of new plantation, woodland restored, densities
of trees increased, etc. The monitoring would allow ESMT to assess and oversee whether or not the
recommended mitigation measures are effective or not, and that the cutting and removal of trees and bush is
carried out in accordance with proper forest conservation and development practices.
The contractors shall have Vegetation Clearance Monitoring data sheet and are obliged to report all impacts
posed on the vegetation due to the construction activities. Vegetation Clearance datasheet that will be
developed by the contractors shall be with the following considerations;
These include Name of species/vegetation, Geographic Location (UTM) number and Size of impacted
vegetation. Wildlife and Birds
The ESMT office at the project site will carry out regular monitoring of bird and wildlife and habitat through
field observations in and around the drilling and other active associated facilities sites and produce
monitoring report. The reports include information on the sightings of wildlife, such as date, time, and
locations of sighting and also information regarding any hunting incidents, any dead or injured birds and
wildlife animal (Figure 7.1). This monitoring practice will be continued during construction and throughout
operation of the project. The ESMT will pay particular attention to potential interaction of wildlife with the
construction activities and any changes in their daily migration patterns and use of habitat range.
The habitat and wildlife monitoring should be in place to undertake regular measurements and to detect
changes and these include:
 The monitoring should focus on impacts of the project on the birds, wildlife species and their
habitats.
 Record of accidents with animals, birds, if occurred, will be kept, and in case of accumulation of
incidents on certain locations appropriate measures shall be considered.
 Detection as yet unrecorded species and confirmation of previously recorded species can be
simultaneously carried out during the monitoring program. More species may be added to the list of
monitoring indicators, if monitoring is conducted continuously and regularly.
 Birds, reptiles, and mammal species associated with water ponds is monitored, and these include
species and habitat inventories.
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Figure 7-11: Wildlife Monitoring Data Sheet

6.3.7 Waste disposal site monitoring
The waste generated from geothermal project mostly comes from the rig operations, excavation, camp sites,
etc. It consists of plastic containers, cartons, scrap metals and other food/domestic refuse (paper, food
remains) generated from camp sites and staff canteen. Contractor shall conduct periodic Waste disposal
monitoring at each disposal pits, Landfills and at all waste disposal facilities. Waste disposal monitoring
shall consider the nature of waste (biological, Chemical, and Physical) to be disposed off, type of disposal
site for which type of waste is intended, leachate management. Nuisance smell in the areas near the landfills
and disposal facilities, wastes outside of the proper disposal places are some indicators to be monitored.
The waste disposal system of the project shall be with the consideration of national and international
accepted integrated waste management practices which consider national laws on waste management.
6.3.8 Monitoring of accidents
 The contractor shall maintain, promote and reinforce the Health & safety principles by
establishing and maintain the programs which provides a mechanism for accident prevention,
safety training, equipment integrity and environmental protection. The contractor must make
sure that appropriate signs are posted at appropriate locations /positions to minimize/eliminate
risk of accidents /incidents and electrocutions. In the events of accident contractors shall report
the situation to EEP and EEP to WB within 24hr and 72hr respectively (See 7.2.5Error:
Reference source not found). During the construction periods, the contractor shall conduct Periodic
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Risk Assessment so that any unforeseen occupational hazards can be detected before it threatens the
Health of workers.
6.3.9 Social monitoring
Social monitoring will be a continuous process. Social safeguard personnel of EEP will continuously
monitor for any unforeseen impacts on the social environment. The safeguard personnel shall follow and
monitor the implementation of the mentioned community service and livelihood restoration activities per the
contract.
The actors in the monitoring process include:
 The Environmental and social monitoring Team. The team is from EEP (for planning and monitoring)
 Woreda Administration (for monitoring and evaluation)
 Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
Field visit by the Project Office expert shall be conducted at least once in a month. Woreda Administration
will conduct their own monitoring, but when possible, this will be done together with Project (ESMT).
6.3.10 Community Health and Safety Monitoring
Community health and safety monitoring will be conducted by the project health and safety officer of the
contractor and monthly and quarterly report shall be prepared. Environment Monitoring Team of EEP will
also make its own periodic monitoring. In addition to quarterly reporting the project shall embrace a
procedure for accident notification and reporting. Accident reporting modality which is mentioned in Section
7.2.5 will be applicable if happened. In addition to this, the contractor should monitor:
 The status of distribution of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, and other such as
malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniosis, onchocerciasis, other respiratory illness
 The level of awareness of the community regarding the above mentioned diseases,
EEP should make sure that Preventive measures are taken to reduce/eliminate the above mentioned diseases.
6.3.11 Land acquisition
Social Monitoring on implementation of measures to address land acquisition will be conducted by social
safeguard personnel of the project on any unresolved issues on the project site and recommendation shall be
given with consultation with the Regional relevant offices, Woreda and Kebele Administration as well as
communities.
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6.3.12 GRM
Monitoring of GRM is mainly carry out through discussion on the affordable and accessible procedure for
third party settlement of dispute arising from relocation such as grievance redress mechanisms which should
take into account the availability of judicial resources and community traditional dispute resolution
mechanisms. The contractors shall have grievance recording form (see Error: Reference source not found)
and grievance register/log (see Error: Reference source not found) at site and report periodically to EEP..
EEP is responsible in monitoring contractors grievance register/log and find solutions for unresolved
grievances or transferring to the next level of Grievance redressal hierarchy if not possible.
6.4 Decommissioning and Site reclamation Monitoring
The life of the geothermal power plant is dependent on its resources existing in a given area. If the resource
conditions are still favorable, equipment can be refurbished or replaced at the end of their design life to
upgrade and/or repair equipment to enable operation and generation to continue. The power plant and steam
field shall be designed in such a way that full decommissioning activities needs to be implemented at the end
of the plants design life, or before if unforeseen conditions make the development is uneconomic.
Decommissioning of the Project entails removal of all structures and facilities and closing of wells. This
would generate a considerable amount and variety of waste. Following decommissioning, the site will be
restored to approximate its original condition or to a standard that results in stable environmental conditions.
Some of the monitoring parameters to be monitored during decommissioning phase include:
 Number facilities closed

 Number of Plug and abandon wells
 Length of Access roads that will be de-compacted and re-vegetated (if not maintained for other uses)
 Area where Rehabilitation and restoration of sites are conducted, including re-contouring the surface and
re-vegetation.
 Decommissioning activities will follow the decommissioning management plan.
 The ESMT shall develop monitoring plan focused on the major decommissioning and
reclamation/restoration activities and oversee the overall activities as per the plan to ensure the
Contractor complete the works as planned and prepare the monitoring report accordingly. Once
the report approved the signoff will be affected.
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Table 8-23: Environmental and Social Monitoring matrix
Activity Environ Location of The Indicators/ Weig Standardization/ Frequency of Estimated Responsible
Phase mental Observations Parameters to ht Measurements monitoring/Sam Cost Agency
compone Be Monitored Effec pling
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
Forest in Areas around Plant damage c The number and Once (before 10,000 EEP
Pre- construction
proposed foundation pads, width of the commencement of

project ponds, along the damaged plant the project)
site access roads and area.
water Pipelines.
124
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
communit Areas around Society B The land Time before and 30,000 EEP
y’s foundation pads, complaint acquisition is after land
agricultur along the access suitable with the acquisition (for 3
al and roads, water rules. consecutive years
Area damage
grazing Pipelines and after physical
land other civil works. work is finished)
Workers' Around and close Society B Level of labor Once every Three 1000,000 Contractor.
recruitme to project site complaint recruitment months
nt Recruited
Construction
workers
On-Site Around Aria/Number of b Observation and Continuous 500,000 Contractor

Foundation pad eroded area,
125
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
Erosion and other sedimentation in reporting controls and

construction areas nearby
and regarding the monthly reporting
of the Project such watercourse,
Runoff provisions in
as access roads, leveled area and
Erosion and
water line Along the
Sediment
construction. Access Road
Control Plan
And Material
Borrow
Areas, Disposal
Sites,
Air Foundation pads, Dust pollution a EPA/IFC/WHO Once every Three 200,000 Contractor
126
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
quality drilling site and and Using Gas Ambient Air months
ponds close to detector quality standard
residence equipment
a
Noise Part of foundation Noise Pollution EPA/IFC/WHO Once every Three 100,000 Contractor
pad, access road, and using Environmental months
quarry site and Audiometer Noise quality
other and standard
construction sites
close to residence
Communit Part of foundation Damages in the a New land Throughout the 50,000 EEP
y’s land pads and ponds nearby functions project lifespan,
close to residence Agricultural land and for 3
127
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
& Plant damage consecutive years

after the project
period
Vegetatio Areas around Plant damage c Species type, In all active 30,000 Contactors
n foundation pads, Number and width construction areas
Clearance ponds, burrow of the damaged and ones Every
Monitorin pits, workers plant area. three months.
g. camp, along the
access roads and
water Pipelines.
Accident In all drilling and Contractors a Number Incident monthly 30,000 Contractor
Monitorin construction Incident report,
128
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
g areas. Individual reports.

compliant.
Water Lake ziway, Brine Total Dissolved c How much the Twice a year 50,000 Contractor
quality water containment Solids, Chemical indicators are
monitorin ponds, nearby Oxygen increasing from
g surface water Demand, time to time.
sources Biological
Oxygen
Demand, pH,
Dissolved
Oxygen,
Salinity, and
129
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
Total Coliforms.
Waste Drilling site, Nuisance smale a Type and Amount Monthly 100,000 Contractor
disposal workers camp, near the disposal of waste disposed
Monitorin Disposal pits, facilities, Wastes
g landfills, chemical out of disposal
storage areas and facilities.
burrow pits.
Wild life Field observations - sightings of c Reduction in Date, Once in a year 50,000 Contractor
and birds in the nearby wildlife/birds, time, and
monitorin forest. hunting locations of
g incidents, any sighting Of wild
dead or injured life and birds,
130
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
birds and Reduction in

wildlife number of species
animals.
Communities
Compliant,
Air Foundation pads , Dust pollution d EPA/IFC/WHO Once every Three 200,000 EEP
Operation
quality drilling site, ponds and Using Gas Ambient Air months
and other sources detector quality standard
of pollutants close
131
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
to residence equipment
On Site Construction Sites No eroded area, a Observation and Continuous 200,000 EEP
Erosion sedimentation in reporting controls and
and Borrow sites
nearby
and regarding the quarterly
Areas, Disposal
watercourse,
Runoff Sites, provisions in reporting
leveled area and
Erosion and
Access Road. Along the
Sediment
Access Road
Control Plan
Noise Part of foundation Noise Pollution b EPA/IFC/WHO Once every Three 100,000 EEP
pad. and using Environmental months
Audiometer Noise quality
132
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
standard
Waste Drilling site, Wastes out of a Type and Amount Monthly 30,000 EEP
disposal workers camp, disposal of waste disposed
Monitorin Disposal pits, facilities.
g landfills, chemical
storage areas.
Accident On drilling and EEP’s Incident a Number Incident monthly 10,000 EEP
monitorin other construction report, Individual reports.
g areas. compliant.
Waste Drilling site, Wastes out of a Type and Amount Monthly 30,000 EEP
disposal workers camp, disposal of waste disposed
133
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
Monitorin Disposal pits, facilities.

g landfills, chemical
storage areas.
Water Lake ziway, Brine Total Dissolved d How much the once a year 30,000 EEP
quality water containment Solids, Chemical indicators are
monitorin ponds, nearby Oxygen increasing from
g surface water Demand, time to time.
sources Biological
Oxygen
Demand, pH,
Dissolved
Oxygen,
Salinity, and
134
t
nt/Types
of
monitorin
g
Total Coliforms.
Total cost of Monitoring 2,750,000

ETB
N.B: - draft lump sum costs stated in table 7.4 will further qualified in the C-ESMP.
- Conversion from ETB to USD$ will be as of the current Exchange Rate. (1ETB =30USD)
Weight Positive Weight Positive Weight Negative Weight Negative

Effect Impact Effect Impact Effect Impact Effect Impact
A Very important D Fair Important a Very important d Fair Important
B More Important E Less important b More Important e Less important
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C Important O No important c Important
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ESMP- Geothermal Sector Development Project (GSDP) - Aluto Geothermal Project Phase III
7 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING
7.1 Role and Responsibility of major Actors
The implementation responsibility of the ESMP mainly rests on EEP and the Contractor to ensure sound implementation of environmental and social
mitigation and enhancement measures stated in the document. The Ministry of Water, irrigation and energy (MoWIE) and Ministry of Environment, Forest
and Climate Change ministry (MEFCC) will oversee all the environmental and social safegurds implementation activities associated to the project. The
Agricultural, Occupational safety, Health and Education Offices and other stakeholders will be involved with their specific responsibilities in the
environmental and social safeguards and safety management activities that will be implemented at different phases of the proposed project, i.e., pre-
construction, construction, operation, and decommissioning phases.
The principal actors involved in the management and monitoring of environment and social concerns related to the implementation of the Project are the
following:
 The Aluto Geothermal Project/site Office,
 Environmental and social Monitoring Team (ESMT)
 The Contractor
 The Supervision Engineer (SE).
 The Ministry of water, irrigation and energy (MoWIE),
 Woreda and Urban Administration
However, it is recognized and obvious that:
 The Community, including Project affected peoples (PAPs)
 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH),
 Ministry of Labor and Social Services (MoLSA)
 Other relevant sector ministries,
 Local NGOs (as required) are also members of stakeholders who may play an affirmative role throughout the implementation process of Social and
Environmental Management Plan of project.
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 Woreda Administration and Woreda Land administration, Woreda Labor and Social service Women and youth Affairs office
The major roles and responsibilities of each of the actors are presented in the following sections.
7.1.1.1 Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
a grievance is a concern or complaint raised by an individual or a group within communities affected by Project operations. Both concerns and complaints can
result from either real or perceived impacts of a project operation and may be filed in the same manner and handled with the same procedure. Grievances may
take the form of specific complaints for actual damages or injury, general concerns about project activities, incidents and impacts or perceived impacts. Based
on the understanding of the project area, an indicative list of the types of grievances has been identified for the project, as can be seen below:
 Internal Grievances: Grievances from Employees (including both direct and indirect employees, including local workers and migrant workers through
contractors):
- Occupational Health, safety related issues
- Gender discrimination;
- Complaints pertaining to amount of wage, salary, other remuneration or benefits as per Company’s Human Resource policy;
- Timely disbursement of remuneration;
- Issues related to workers organization.
- Labour Accommodation
- Extended working hours
 External Grievances
- Grievance related to compensations package and Resettlement Procedures.
- impact on community health;
- damage of trees and property;
- further losses to community forest;
- issues related to transportation and traffic;
- increase in environment pollution;
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- disturbances to locals due to influx of migrant workers in the area;

- Issues arising out of sharing of employment and business opportunity;
- Concerns over the impact on local cultures and customs;
In case of projects involving land acquisition and involuntary resettlement, the grievance procedure and appeal mechanism are an important aspect related to
resettlement/ rehabilitation of the PAPs because there may be individuals who are not satisfied with their compensation package or the resettlement process,
or who may feel that they were eligible for compensation. It is essential to settle these issues as early as possible in order that the resettlement process is on
the right track and it is, therefore, necessary to set up systems to address such grievances.
The best means of addressing any complaints or claims is through dialogue. Thus, when a PAPs has a grievance, he/she will first discuss the issue with the
RIC. RIC could respond to grievances mainly arising as a result of implementation process such as compensation payment, implementation of LRP and
community development activities. This may include inclusion and exclusion of beneficiaries, location of development activities and social and
environmental related grievances in the implementation. If the RIC is not able to address the grievance, the complaint should be passed on to Grievance
Committee (GC).
The Grievance Committee (GC) consists of representative from the Woreda Administration, Woreda Agriculture office, Woreda environmental protection
office, Woreda surveyor and Woreda finance and economy development office. The GC is formed to hear complaints and facilitate solutions to promote
dispute settlement through mediation to reduce litigation. GRC has a mandate to investigate grievances related to asset valuation and compensation and if the
committee found the grievances valid provides recommendation to be implemented by Valuation Committee. Moreover, GRC has a scope of responsibilities
to manage GBV grievances.
In case further arbitration is necessary, an Arbitration Appraisal Committee (AAC) will conduct this. The AAC should be comprised of a member of the
Zonal Administration, the EEP representative and an elderly community leader. AAC is mainly responsible for reconciliation of issues being a subject of
dispute between PAPs and AGP along with its collaborators including the valuation committee, grievance committee, and woreda administration. AAC will
organize a forum where different parties having a stake meet and discuss complaints. This is the last stage of grievance redress mechanism of AGP before the
case is directed to the court. If still no consensus is reached, then legal recourses may need to be taken.
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7.1.2 Grievance Redress Procedures
Grievance addressing mechanisms are proposed for allowing Employees or affected people or any stakeholders to voice concerns about the compensations,
Social and Environmental issues or community health related issues as they arise and, if necessary, for corrective action to be taken expeditiously. Such
mechanisms are fundamental to achieving transparency in the overall implementation of the Project activities.
As it indicated in the RAP document of this project Regarding grievances related to the Compensation, Grievances redress committee will be established at
Woreda level with a mandate to receive and register complaints, convene meetings to resolve the complaints, and respond to the appeals resulting from
property valuation committee’s decisions and any other grievances reported to them. Therefore, addressing and resolving legitimate and valid issues of PAPs
are not only critical pertinent for successful implementation of the RAP, but also a requirement by the GOE and the World Bank social impact mitigation
guidelines and resettlement frameworks. The grievance redressing mechanism along with resolution channel presented below is intended to be applied to all
present and past claims.
Expectation When Grievances Arise:
When PAPs present a grievance, they expect to be heard and taken seriously. Therefore, the project will ensure that community members are aware of the
presence of the GRM and its process. Further, the project will consult the community that people can voice grievances without fear of retaliation to the
established Grievance redress committee.
Grievance Submission Method:

A complainant has the option to lodge his/her complaint to the nearby Project office, or EEP Office or the respective Public Grievance Hearing Office in
person, through his/her representative, orally, in written (in the form given below), by fax, telephone or in any other manner. Complaints will be transcribed,
recorded in a log, examined; investigated and remedial actions will be taken to settle.
Country: Ethiopia Zone: East Shoa
Region: Oromia District: Adami Tullu J/Kombolcha
Template of Grievance Log of Date: ______/____/_______
1. Personal data
S.No. Reference Name of Complainant Sex Age Registration Kebele Village Address/
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No. date Name telephone no.
2. Category of Grievance or Complaint:
s.no Category of grievance
1 On abandonment (hospital, public housing)
2 On assets /properties impacted by the project
3 On infrastructure
4 On decrease or complete loss of source of income
5 On environmental issues (e.g. pollution)
6 On employment
7 On traffic, transportation and other risks
8 Other (please specify)
3. Summary of Complaint:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
4. Summary of 1st Hearing:
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5. Summary of 2nd Hearing:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
6. Decision
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Complainant Recipient

Signature: ----------------------- Signature: -----------------------
Name: ---------------------------- Name: ---------------------------
Dated: --------------------------- Dated: ---------------------------
Management of Reported Grievances:

The procedure for managing grievances should be as follows:
 The affected person files his/ her grievance, relating to any issue associated with the resettlement process and compensation or any health and
environmental impact related to the project, in writing or phone to the project Resettlement and Grievance Committee (Phone numbers will be
provided by the EEP). Where it is written, the grievance note should be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. In addition, where it is
phone, the receiver should document every detail.
 A selected member of the GC will act as the Project Liaison with PAPs to ensure objectivity in the grievance process.
 Where the affected person is unable to write, the local Project Liaison will write the note on the aggrieved person’s behalf.
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 Each grievance thus received, shall be recorded in a grievance register. The format for the grievance register shall be as follows.
Table 8-24: Grievances register

S. Dat Grievan Name Departm Medium of Details Concerne Name Prese Remar
N e ce of ent Communicat of d of nt ks
o Number Grieva ion Grievan Departm Recordi Statu
nt ce ent ng s
Person
1
2
3
4
5
Grievance Log and Response Time:

The process of grievance redress will start with registration of the grievance/s to be addressed, for reference purposes and to enable progress updates of the
cases. Thus, the person affected by the project will file a Grievance Form with the Grievance Committee. The Form/Log (Table) should contain a record of
the person responsible for an individual complaint, and records dates for the complaint reported; date the Grievance Log was uploaded onto the project
database (grievance Register); date information on proposed corrective action sent to Complainant (if appropriate), the date the complaint was closed out and
the date response was sent to complainant.
The Grievance Committee will record all grievances and ensure that each complaint has an individual reference number and is appropriately tracked, and
recorded actions are completed.
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The response time will depend on the issue to be addressed but it should be addressed with efficiency. The Grievance committee will act on it within 10
working days of receipt of grievances. If no amicable solution is reached, or the affected person does not receive a response within 15 working days, the
affected person can appeal to AAC, which should act on the grievance within 15 working days of its filing. Any PAP dissatisfied with the decision will have
option to go to the local court. The court decision will be a final.
Monitoring Complaints:
The Environmental and Social Safeguard Team at AGP will be responsible for:
 Providing the grievance Committee with a weekly report detailing the number and status of complaints
 Any outstanding issues to be addressed.
Monthly reports, including complaint analysis, level of complaints, actions to reduce complaints and initiator of such action.
7.1.3 The Aluto Geothermal Project/site Office
 The Aluto Geothermal Project Office is responsible to undertake the overall contractual follow-up and ensure the successful implementation of the
Project.
 The core responsibility of the Project Office is making sure that all project implementation activities and compensations are effected (if any) as per the
provision in Proclamation No. 455 /2005 and this ESMP.
7.1.4 Environmental and Social Monitoring Team
The proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs No. 295/2002 requires at the Federal level each sectoral ministries and agencies
to establish in-house Environmental Protection and Management Units to ensure harmony with respect to implementation of the Environmental Proclamations
and other environmental protection requirements. This Unit will provide for a lower level inter-sectoral coordination structure. In response to this
requirement, and to address environmental matters arising from its development program EEP has established an Environmental and Social Management
Team (ESMT).
144
In order to discharge its commitments with respect to environmental and social safeguards management during construction and operation phases of the
project, EEP will establish an Environmental and social Management Team (ESMT) at site level and assigned an environmental and social safeguards expert
who will be responsible to coordinate and supervise the implementation of the ESMP and its Components.
The main responsibilities of the ESMT during Aluto Langano Geothermal Project implementation period include:
 Submit environmental and social Management Plan documents to MoWIE for review and approval and make clarification upon request.
 Review and approve of the environmental and social safeguards components of the Contractor’s project plan.
 Ensure that mitigation measures, conditions, and specifications are fully implemented during construction and resolving problems as encountered.
 Supervise restoration of construction area that was affected during construction period of the project to its natural state.
 Conducting periodic environmental and social safeguards and health and safety management monitoring during construction and operation phases.
 Monitoring proper implementation during resettlement and post resettlement of Project affected communities.
 Regular monitoring of the environmental, social, health and safety management issues associated with project operations, that is, to ensure that the
proposed mitigation measures have been properly implemented as planned and to report and take appropriate decision for non-compliance to mitigation
measures indicated in the ESMP.
 Liaise with members of the public, local organizations, government and non-governmental organizations; and,
 Report results of mitigation and monitoring activities to MoWIE and Regional Environmental offices and other relevant parties.
7.1.5 The Contractor
The Contractor of the Project is responsible to undertake the construction works as per the design and the ESMP. In simple projects, environmental and social
clauses will be part of the bidding document and part of the contract to the contractor. In complex projects, the contractor needs to prepare their own
Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP).
145
In this case, the contractor is responsible for the implementation of the ESMP prepared and given. The Contractor will also prepare his Contractor ESMP as
well as assign an Environmental and Social Safeguards Specialists during the construction phase. The CESMP needs to be approved by EEP as well as
submitted to Bank for review before starting physical activities.
The contractor Environmental and Social safeguards specialists are responsible to:
 Prepare Contractor ESMP, and other management strategy sub plans as per the ESMP prepared by the employer
 Check compliance with recommended conditions in the contract, Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental and Social
Management Plan;
 Review the effectiveness of mitigation measures for proper management of construction risks and uncertainties;
 Review the effectiveness of ESMP for the construction activities;
 Review work schedule with respect to environmental and social measurement and monitories;
 Recommend modifying or halting construction activities, or developing appropriate mitigation measures in case of unpredicted harmful effects on the
environment or if environmental monitoring determine construction works pose environmental concern;
 Identify and liaise to promote social integration and the development of mutually satisfactory solutions to problems affecting local communities; and
 Provide advice and assistance to the Technical and Production Mangers, as and when required, on aspects of environmental and social management.
 Prepare and submit periodical monitoring report to EEP
7.1.6 Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (ARCCH)
ARCCH will be informed whenever there are significant cultural heritage sites in the project area for further investigation. Once the information is received
by ARCCH, the required action will be implemented by the authority with the EEP and if require, ARCCH would design and provide training for project and
EEP staffs on best management of heritages within and around the project site
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7.1.7 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MEFCC)
The MoEFCC (former Federal Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)) was re-established in October 2002, under Proclamation 295/2002, and is an
autonomous government body reporting directly to the Prime Minister. It has a broad mandate covering environmental matters at federal level.
The Proclamation sets out the main responsibilities of EPA and the mandates relevant to this project implementation include the following:
 preparation of directives and implementation of systems necessary for the evaluation of the impact of projects on the environment;
 ensure implementation of environmental protection laws;
 preparation of recommendations regarding measures needed to protect the environment;
 enforce implementation of the EIA process (i.e. review EIA reports) and the recommendations which result from it for projects that are subject to Federal
licensing, execution or supervision;
 enter any land, premises or any other places that falls under the Federal jurisdiction, inspect anything and take samples as deemed necessary with a view
to ascertaining compliance with environmental protection requirements.
7.1.8 Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy (MoWIE)
The Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy (MoWIE) is a sectoral institution for Water, Irrigation and Electricity development programs. The Ministry of
Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) delegated the MoWIE, dated December 2010, for review and clearance of environmental and social
safeguards instruments, which are prepared for the energy and water sector development projects. This delegation provided power to enforce the national
proclamations and regulation related to environmental and social safeguards at all phases of project implementation. The MoWIE has established a directorate
called the Environment & Climate Change Directorate (ECCD) which is responsible to ensure the enactment of environmental and social safeguards legal
frameworks and adequate care has been taken by the program implementers at all phases of the program execution.
The Roles and Responsibilities of Environment & Climate Change Directorate, among others are:
 Coordinate efforts that secure the benefits from Clean Development Mechanisms, Renewable Energy Sources & other facilities in the Water, Irrigation &
Energy sectors; monitor implementation;
 Prepare awareness creation programs for the concerned stakeholders;
147
 Review, approve and provide clearance for environmental Impact Assessment documents of the planned developmental projects of the Water, Irrigation
& Electicity sub-sectors, such as Aluto Geothermal project;
 Coordinate compensation, resettlement & public participation works of Water, Irrigation & Electricity sub-sectors development plans jointly with other
stakeholders;
 Monitor the implementation of management plan of ESIA documents of Water, Irrigation & Electricity sub-sectors during the implementation of the
development plans;
 Give support and Work jointly with regional and other stakeholders; etc.
7.1.9 Local NGOs
In the Project area, where there exists NGO involved in energy related intervention, EEP may approach that NGO for their possible contributions, especially
for the sustainability of the Project. NGOs are important specifically during the operation phase of the Project.
7.1.10 The Community
The Community has the right to be consulted regularly to ensure the overall project acceptability without which the project would not be sustainable.
In general, the Community should be involved at different stages of the project implementation up to decision making level.
7.2 Reporting, site inspection and reviewing procedure
7.2.1 General
Many of the measures in the ESMP concern actions to be taken in order to prevent environmental or social impacts, or to enhance positive impacts. A system
of reporting and audit of the ESMP commitments is required. This will apply to EEP and The Contractor. The expected reports include: Site Environmental
and Social Management Plan, Site Inspection, Progress Reports, and Quarterly safeguards report.
Each of these organizations will provide monthly inspection reports on the actions taken in the previous month to fulfill the ESMP. The Aluto Langano
Geothermal project ESMT will review the reports upon receiving from the contractor and augments these reports with a report of its own performance.
148
A complete set up to handle and manage data and information generated from the management plan and other monitoring activities will be established.
Therefore, ESMT shall maintain all necessary records related to environmental management and monitoring.
At random intervals, the MoWIE will be required to verify whether the actual performance of the contractor is honestly reflected in these progress reports.
Therefore, ESMT shall maintain all necessary records related to environmental and social management and monitoring.
During the construction period of the Project, reports mainly originate from the Contractor who is dealing with the day to day progress of the works. The
Contractor shall submit progress reports to the Aluto Geothermal Project Office (AGP) and the ESMT for their follow up, review and comment on the reports.
EEP will submit copies of reports to the Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy (MoWIE) for the prompt action of the latter and to the donor agency (WB).
The feedback of reports from Aluto Geothermal Project Office and ESMP should be provided to the Contractor within the time period stipulated in the
contract document. The reporting procedure /flow within EEP as well as between EEP and other pertinent stakeholders are shown in figure 8.1 below:
149
Figure 8-12: Reporting procedure
150
Note: MoWIE= Ministry of Water and Energy: HSE= Health Safety & Environmental Office, ESMT= Environmental & Social Monitoring Team, GSDP=
geothermal Sector Development Project.
7.2.2 Monthly Site Inspection Report
Environmental and social monitoring of site activities will be undertaken, and the findings will be presented through a set of inspection reports and incidents
forms. Environmental Inspections Report (EIR) will be regularly issued. The EIR is normally supported by photographic evidence and provides the following:
 A description of construction activities that may affect the environment;

 Remedial actions which have been initiated, and whether or not the resultant action is having the desired result;
 Identify any unforeseen environmental concerns and recommend suitable additional actions;
 Tracking of issues causing environmental concern; and
 Amendments to the Environmental and Social Management Plan or any other required plans.
Any unresolved concern will be carried over to the next reporting period until the issue has been resolved. This will allow for the tracking of issues until it is
confirmed the issue/concern has been resolved.
The monthly site Inspection Report will be distributed to WB, MoWIE, and EEP.
7.2.3 Quarterly E&S Implementation Progress Report
Quarterly reports prepared by the contractor and ESMT will contain a section referring to environmental and social safeguards matters. Environmental and
social issues are discussed at the monthly and quarterly progress meetings with the employer and reported the output the discussion in the quarterly report.
The environmental and social quarterly progress report includes the following, but not limited to:
 Summary of environmental and social performance for the reporting quarter;

 Summary of environmental and social actions taken;
 Details of any environmental and social incidents or accidents;
 Objectives and targets for the following quarter; and
151
 Non-Conformances, Corrective actions, and Preventive actions.
Any unresolved concern will be carried over to the next reporting period until the issue has been resolved. This will allow for the tracking of issues until it is
confirmed the issue/concern has been resolved. The quarterly progress report will be distributed to WB, MoWIE and EEP as required.
7.2.4 Site specific Management Plans/sub-plans
The construction scale of the Aluto Langano Geothermal Project demands the need for the preparation of a comprehensive Site specific Environmental and
Social Management Plan (SESMP) for the major activities. The SESMP report will prepared by the contractor and provide a detail description of the topics
for each construction site comprises of sub plans, how the environmental and social safeguards and safety management measures will be adapted to the site,
and the design of typical measures. Development of these sub plans will form the basis of continued improvement of environmental, social and safety
management performance.
As stated above, the following are the specific site environmental and social management sub plans which will be prepared by the contractor:
1. Air quality and noise quality management plan

2. Borrow pit management Plan
3. Decommissioning management Plan
4. Emergency response plan
5. safety management plan
6. Water Quality Management Plan
7. Soil erosion and flood management Plan
8. Solid, liquid and Waste Management Plan
9. On-Site Traffic safety Management Plan
10. Storage management plan
11. Camp Management Plan
12. Labour Influx management Plan
13. Drilling site Management Plan
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14. GBV action plan

15. Re-vegetation management plan
16. Security management plan
17. code of conduct
7.2.5 Accident Reporting Procedure
Numbers and types of accidents and work related illnesses are one means of monitoring the success of health and safety procedures. They are also an
indicator of areas where more effort may be required to reduce the number of injuries. It is therefore vital that all injuries, however small, are reported and
inquiries made to identify means of avoiding a repetition.
In the events of accident here are suggested modalities for reporting and notification.
i. The Field team
The field team (Sub-contractor, Constructor team designated for each site, and others directly engaged in the construction activities at the field level shall
immediately notify the contractor about incidents and events of non-compliance associated with the project’s activities causing significant impacts to the
workers and nearby community members/passer-by. The detailed events and incidents written reports shall be prepared and submitted to the contractor within
seventy-two (72) hours.
ii. The Contractor
The Contractor shall notify the Employer about the incidents/unforeseen events associated with the project’s activities within twenty-four (24) hours after
receiving the notification from the field team. The contractor is required to establish a strong communication mechanism/system among the Employer-
Contractor-Field teams to facilitate smooth notification and reporting processes among all the respective parties, so as to ensure in time dissemination of
notifications and information on safety matters and incidents. The contractor shall also prepare and submit the follow-up detail written incident or non-
compliance report to the Employer within one week, based on the reports from the Field team.
iii. The Employer
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After receiving a notification on incidents from the contractor, the Employer shall accordingly notify the World Bank within seventy-two hours (72 hours).
The employer shall also prepare a detail written report on the incidents based on the information from the Contractor and submit it to the World Bank.
Figure 8-13: Indicative flow chart for the notification of incidents
7.2.6 Record Keeping and Reporting
Therefore, ESMT shall maintain all necessary records related to environmental, social and safety management and monitoring.
Records of significant environmental, social, safety matters, including monitoring data, accidents and occupational illness, and spills, fires and other
emergencies shall be maintained. Recorded information shall be reviewed and evaluated to improve the effectiveness of the environmental, social and health
and safety program. An annual summary of the above information shall be provided to statutory authorities, if required. The EEP has the responsibility to
distribute all the reports to the concerned ministries and agencies.
7.3 Training and Capacity Building
Capacity building in environmental and social impact management over the Aluto Geothermal phase III project period will be essential. Personnel at the
forefront of the various project activities need to understand the purpose of the ESMP implementation and their expected roles. This will stimulate the
required collaboration.
The target groups for the training will include:
154
 Project Engineers;
 Contractors and subcontractors;
 Construction workers; and
 Selected members from the nearby communities.
The project engineers and contractors will require capacity building in the implementation of the projects' environmental and social safeguards and general
project planning and management inter-faced with E&S components.
The newly established Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) at project level under EEP will carry out environmental and social management
and monitoring programs with serious limitations in undertaking safeguards activities. This mainly due to inadequate training facility of staffs on
environmental, social and safety matters, insufficient budgets, office facilities, and equipment. As the ESMT is responsible for the implementation of
environmental and social safeguards and health and safety management, there is a need for strengthen ESMT’s capability in these areas to ensure sound
implementation of safeguards over the Aluto Geothermal Power Project Phase III period. Furthermore, as ESMT is responsible for ensuring the quality of the
environmental and social assessment and management process, training on review of ESIA/ESMP documents and monitoring of implementation should be
considered as a priority. The capacity building program will therefore be necessary for the ESMT team in terms of development of the staff capacity in
environment and social planning and monitoring. The team shall also be strengthened in all necessary facilities such as IT equipment, field monitoring
equipment, vehicles, and offices with furniture. Accordingly, budget must be allocated for the staffs (ESMT) for the monitoring and operation of the
safeguards.
Since the ESMT is responsible for ensuring the quality of the environmental assessment, management process, Review & update the RAP, ESIA & ESMP
plans and monitoring of its implementation, the capacity building program for the ESMT staff should be considered by the project as a prime importance.
7.3.1 Objectives of Training and Capacity Building:
The general objective of training and capacity building to capacitate staffs from EEP, ESMT, project office, and other relevant organs on the environmental
and social safeguards and safety and health management that ultimately contribute for environmental friendly and socially acceptable implementation of the
project. The detail capacity building and training object is are to help the ESMT to:
155
 implement the core EEP’s (the Project) obligations with respect to the Environmental Measures, including the continuous review of the ESMP;
 monitor the Project obligations with respect to the environmental & social measures, including monitoring of the work to be undertaken by or on
behalf of the project;
 provide on the-job training to ESMT staffs as well as the employees of the consultants involved in the various project activities;
 participate in environmental awareness training seminars and workshops which will help to build technical expertise in the environmental and social
aspects of Projects;
 coordinate its work with other government authorities and non-government agencies concerned with the Environmental & Social Safeguard
Objectives; and
 Engage proper techniques of Project inspection, monitoring, use of field monitoring equipment, data analysis and reporting;
It is proposed that the training should be aimed at EEPs (the Projects) personnel and in particular, the staff members of the Project ESMT , together with
Federal EPA and Regional Offices of Environmental protection, Ministry of Water, irrigation and energy and the various local committee members
who are stakeholder’s of the Project. Training arrangements would need to be discussed in detail with EEP’s (the Project) ESMT and with EPA, to establish
precise objectives and requirements, so that the course content can be specifically targeted at real time needs. The proposed training session would include the
following modules:
 An introduction to the concepts, terminology, aims and objectives of Environmental & Social Safeguard (ESS) in general, ESIA, ESMP & RAP with
specific reference Geothermal projects.
 Acquire empirical experiences based on an on-site review of existing environmental & social conditions in selected project area identifying potential
impacts, mitigations and benefits enhancement measures realized
The following table 8.3 indicates the applicable best practices, standards, and guidelines would apply to all EH&S training activities as required by regulation,
policy, or safe job performance to the Project.
Table 8-25: Training elements and contents
Elements of the Contents of training courses

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training program
Social and General Environment Occupational and

community Health and
Safety
Adequate Staffing  safeguards  Environmental Quality  General Facility Design

Instruments Assessment and Operation
Resources and
(ESIA, ESMP,  GIS and Remote  Communication and
Facilities
RAP, RPF, ESMF, Sensing Training
Course ARAP)  Monitoring (Sampling
Physical and Chemical
Development preparation and and analysis)
Hazards
implement Techniques for various
Delivery
Livelihood & Environmental factors  Personal Protective
Evaluations Income (i.e. Air Emissions and Equipment
Records Restoration Ambient Air Quality,  Structural Safety of

Implementation Wastewater and Project Infrastructure
 Grievance Redress Ambient Water  Traffic Safety
Mechanism Quality, Noise)  Emergency Preparedness
 Public and Response
Consultation  Construction and Safe
 Information Decommissioning
Disclosure procedures.
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7.3.2 Types of the Training Programs
For the Environmental and social management and monitoring program to be successful, it is essential to have a range of training programs to start as soon as
possible. In general, trainings will be composed of workshops, in-service training, in-service formal courses, and scholarship award for Certificate, university
degree & master’s degrees in specialized Universities in area of geothermal Power development.
 In-service Training and Technical Assistance

The technical assistance will facilitate adequate on-the-job training and technology transfer, enabling the ESMT staff to undertake their monitoring activities
during the Construction and Operation Phases of the Project.
 Short-Term Overseas Training
In addition to the in-service training that will be provided as part of the Technical Assistance Program, it is recommended to have a provision for a short-term
overseas training course as part of the institutional strengthening program to the project ESMT staffs. The training program will build ESMT’s technical and
managerial skills in Environmental Impact Assessment of geothermal projects. Training courses in this field are provided at different institutes and
universities; among these could be the Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Centre-University of Manchester (UK), UNU-GTP at Iceland, KenGen-
GDC (Kenya), geothermal school of Excellence for ARGeo (Kenya), Japan-JICA, Newziland, USA etc. globally.
 International Study Tour
EEP (the Project) shall organize an international study tour of geothermal projects at which various types of mitigation and monitoring program which is
known for their best practice. The Objective of this tour is to share experience and see firsthand information based on observation & direct experience in
Environmental & Social impacts. The construction and operation of geothermal projects included in this tour program. It is expected this tour will involve
staffs and officials from EEP specially ESMT.
7.3.3 Seminar & Workshops for Various Stakeholder’s of the Project
Several government agencies at both Regional and Federal levels will be responsible for ongoing monitoring of construction and operational conditions and
activities. All stakeholders involved in the project should receive support through capacity building programs. This capacity building will be designed for the
158
different target groups by specific institutes, universities or consultancy companies specialized in environmental & Social Safeguard training, human
resources management and change management. Therefore, it is recommended that EEP will consult with the applicable agencies to establish the extent of
each agency’s “in house” capability for managing such activities, and identify any short falls and ensure eligibility for the workshop & seminars.
In an effort to strengthen institutional capacity and environmental awareness, the seminars and workshops shall be organized in an effort to include all
concerned ministries and agencies such as MoWIE, MoEFCC, Oromia’s office of Environmental protection, Bureau of Agriculture and Rural
Development, and Woreda level Environment departments, etc. The objectives of the seminar-workshops are to ensure environmental awareness, knowledge,
and skill for the implementation of this ESMP.
7.3.4 ESMP Monitoring Equipment & Procurement Plan
It is recommended to establish a mobile laboratory and a preliminary list of equipment necessary for conducting some of the monitoring program
described in this ESMP report .Therefore, this will be effected either EEP (the Project) with own sources though establishing sufficient capacity within the
institution or will sub-contract to a specialized monitoring consultant which has a complete equipment, including necessary field and laboratory equipment
to adequately perform professional monitoring service program.
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7.3.5 Summary of Implementation Cost of Training & Capacity Building
The total capacity building and trainings cost is summarized under Table 8 -26 below (the accurate costs will be prepared in detail based on the current price
at the time of implementation). This estimate doesn’t include the costs for Resettlement Action Plan and all other social works and mitigations measures.
Costs associated with environmental, Health and safety management and mitigation plans are integral part of the construction contract and the indicative
budget depicted under table 9.1.
Table 8-26: Summary of Capacity Building and Training Costs
No Item List Estimated

Cost in ETB
1 In-Service Training and Technical Assistance
1.1 Environmental & Social trainers fee for 4 project ESMT staff’s 1,000,000
. trainees
1.2 Training courses (perdiem and course material) 4 project ESMT 300,000
. staffs trainees
1.3 Study tour to the nearest Geothermal sites for 4 project ESMT 300,000
. staffs trainees
2 Short-Term Overseas Training
2.1 Training in foreign university for 4 project ESMT staffs 1,500,000

160
2.2 International seminars and workshop for 10 participants from all 1,000,000
. principal stakeholders for (2 weeks each)
3 Workshop and Seminars
3.1 Local seminar and training for 20 participants from all principal 100,000
. stakeholders for (5days)
3.2 Community awareness raising Program for 200 PAPs for 10 150,000
. sessions
3.3 Preparation of documentation and support materials for 200 100,000

. PAPs for 10 sessions
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8 ESTIMATED COST FOR E&S MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION
The total environmental and social management, mitigation, monitoring and training costs are summarized in Table 9.1 and the indicative budget amounts is
about ETB 12,596,911.33 or 399,901.95 USD. Costs associated with several environmental, social and safety management and mitigation plans are integral
part of the construction contract and no separate budget is necessary to cover these aspects.
Table 9-27: Estimated Cost of mitigation for Environmental and Social Impacts
No. Items Cost in (ETB) Cost in USD ($)
1. Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation Cost

Health, Safety, Environmental and Social
Impact Mitigation Cost (i.e. Excluding 4,290,000.00 136,190.48
1.1 RAP Implementation Cost)
Sub Total 4,290,000.00 136,190.48
2. Monitoring, Evaluation and Capacity Building
2.1 Monitoring and evaluation 2,750,000 87,301
2.2 Capacity building/Training 3,500,000.00 111,111
Sub Total 6,250,000.00 198,412.70
3. Monitoring Equipment
Equipment for Laboratory use and Field
3.1 3,633,600 115,352
Monitoring Purposes.
3.2 4 Motor cycles and camera 200,000.00 6,349
Sub Total 3,833,600.00 121,702
Total 14,373,600.00 456,305
Contingency 10% 1,437,360 45,630
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Grand Total 15,810,960 501,935
N.B.
- Exchange Rate: 1 USD≈ 31.50 Ethiopian Birr.

- Land acquisition cost will be covered by the government per the national proclamation and regulation.
Detail of the Cost for RAP Implementation, Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation, Monitoring Equipment and Evaluation/Monitoring and Capacity
Building is illustrated in the RAP document of this project and Table 6-1, Table 7-4 and Annex 1 of ESMP Respectively.
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166
167
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Summary of Preliminary List of Equipment for ES Monitoring Program
S.N List of Equipment Function-Use Quantit Estimated

o y Cost
A Laboratory Equipment
1 Conductivity, Temperature Measure the Conductivity, 2 1,100

and Total Dissolved Solids Temperature and Total Dissolved
(TDS) meter (Portable) Solids (AP-2000-D,
HM Digital TDS-3 Handheld TDS

Meter)
2 Digital Wind Monitor To measure the desperation of 1 1,500

(Anemometer) with all Pollutants released form Geothermal
accessories fields in wind gradients (e.g.
HOLDPEAK 866B Digital
Anemometer)
3 Laboratory Refrigerator To Preserve samples 1 35,000
4 Water Sample Bottle To take water sampling (e.g. Wide 20 1000

Mouth HDPE Large Bottles, Boston
168

o y Cost
Round Glass Bottles, PTFE Lined,)
5 Portable Water Quality To measure physical characteristics of 1 30,000

Analysis (Physical, water sample e.g. (turbidity sensor)
Chemical and
Bacteriological parameters) To Analyze Chemical composition of 1 35,000
instruments. water sample ( e.g. Portable COD
BOD test meter).
To identify, biological composition of 4 3,200

sample water
8 Autoclave for sterilization(e.g. 1 25,000
All-American 25 Quart Electric

Sterilizer)
9 Oven heating and drying(e.g. Heratherm 1 50,000

Advanced Protocol Ovens )
10 Top Pan Precision Balances weighing machines (Kern PLE 2 10,000

Precision Balances)
169

o y Cost
11 PH meter To measure PH level(e.g. VantaKool 2 5,000

Digital PH Meter, Apera Instruments
AI311 PH60 Premium Waterproof pH
Pocket Tester)
13 Flame Photometer to determine the concentration of 2 30,300

certain metal ions in a(PFP7,FP8800)
14 Sound Level Meters to assess noise or sound levels(SLT- 3 20,000

(Portable) TRM, PCE-353)
7000
16 Air Quality meter - Air Quality Temperature Humidity 1 for
(Portable) With Calibrator Meter PCE-HT110 each of
device 6500
- Air Quality Particle Counting Meter
PCE-RCM 10
- Air Quality VOC Meter PCE-VOC 1 8,000
200,000
- Multi Gas Detector 5
B Field Work Equipment
170

o y Cost
1 Digital Camera To take image for reporting (Compact 2 28,000

Digital Camera with 50x Optical
Zoom)
2 Binoculars viewing distant objects (Nikon 7581 2 30,000

MONARCH 5 8x56 Binocular,
Aurosports 10x25)
3 GPS For taking locations (Garmin 2 17,000

GPSMAP 64SC,Garmin 750T 3-Inch
Touchscreen Handheld GPS with Topo
U.S. 100K)
C Office Equipment
1 Laptop Computers (4) with For Office & field use(2019 Lenovo 4 80,000
printers (2) Flex 5 15 2-IN-1 Laptop, ASUS Vivo
Book F510UA)
2 Software Per a 10,000

GIS & Remote Sensing (ArcGIS &
compute
QGIS)
171

o y Cost
r (4)
D Transport
3 4-wheel vehicles For field work (Pick-up and Land 2 3,000,000

Cruiser)
4 2-wheels vehicles For field work (areas not reached by 2 200,000

car)
Total 3,833,600
NB. The Exact Cost, Detail Specifications, Brand & Quantity in the above table will be included from the Suppliers at the time of implementation stage.
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Annex 2: Special conditions of Contract-ESMP
Contract Specifications for the Contractor
1.0 General
 All Environmental and Social safeguards and Health and Safety (EHS) associated with the contract shall be complied with by the contractor.
The Contractor shall also update himself about such issue in the ESMP, and prepare his work strategy and plan to fully take into account
relevant provisions of the ESMP.
 The Contractor shall develop a plan of work indicating all Environmental and Social safeguards and Health and safety management at the
various stages and indicate the period within which site will be maintained to its original state after completion of works to ensure that significant
E&S safeguards have been addressed appropriately.
 The Contractor shall adhere to the proposed plan implementation schedule and the monitoring plan to ensure effective feedback of monitoring
information to the EEP’s ESMT and Project engineer.
 The Contractor shall implement all measures to avoid undesirable adverse environmental, social and safety impacts wherever possible, restore
work sites to acceptable standards, and abide by all environmental performance requirements specified in the ESMP
2.0 Dust Mitigation Measures
 The contractor shall minimize the effect of dust on the surrounding environment resulting from site clearing, vibrating equipment and temporary
access roads.
 During the rehabilitation project, the contractor shall carry out proper and efficient measures, such as water dousing, whenever necessary to reduce
the dust nuisance, and to prevent dust originating from the operations.
3.0 Noise Due to Construction Activities
 The contractor shall ensure the noise levels emanating from machinery, vehicles, and noisy construction activities (e.g. excavation, drilling) are kept
at a minimum for the safety, health and protection of workers within the vicinity of high noise levels and nearby communities.
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4.0 Waste Management
 Construction waste shall not be left in stockpiles along the road, but segregate, removed and disposed of/or reused where needed.
 All waste shall be segregated into organic waste and plastic and glass. The organic waste will be composted near the work site to enrich the
soil while plastics and glass will be taken to the final disposal sites.
 All sanitary facilities (e.g. garbage collection and disposal, drinking water facilities, etc.) shall be provided by the contractor in work sites or
project sites.
5.0 Water Resource Management
 No construction water containing spoils or site effluent, especially drilling sludge, cement, oil and fuel, shall be allowed to flow into
natural water drainage courses.
 The contractor shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of streams and other water supplies.
 Entry of runoff water to the site shall be restricted by constructing diversion channels or culverts to reduce the potential of soil erosion and
water pollution.
 Waste water from washing out of equipment shall not be discharged into water courses.
6.0 Material Excavation and Deposit
 Vegetation clearing shall be restricted to the area required for safe operation of the rehabilitation work. Vegetation clearing shall not be
done more than two weeks in advance of rehabilitation.
7.0 Borrow Pit Excavation & Reinstatement
 The Contractor shall not enter the land until compensation to owners or legal occupants is effected and the approval of the Engineer has
been given.
 The location and size of quarries, borrow pits, spoil and stockpile areas shall be subject to the approval of the ESMT and Engineer
174
 Borrow material shall be excavated within the limits of depth and area shown on the borrow pit/quarry site plans, and in a manner that will
not prejudice the use of the material for the intended purpose.
 Borrow pits shall be continuously protected against the ingress of surface water, and the Contractor shall construct such temporary banks
as may be required for diverting surface water, and, in so far as is possible, his operations shall be planned in such a way that the borrow
pit will be self-draining, provided that silt traps are installed
 Borrow areas shall be kept dry and ensure that borrow material is sufficiently dry when required for use.
 Stockpiling areas and maximum heights of stockpiles shall be indicated or approved by the Engineer.
 The reinstatement of the entire area shall be done in a manner so as to blend it with the surrounding area and to permit the re-establishment
of vegetation.
 For this purpose the borrow area shall be shaped to even contours without any slopes being steeper than 1:6, The overburden and/or topsoil
shall be pushed back, spread evenly to the prescribed thickness and landscaped over the area of the quarry, borrow pit, access road, spoil
or stockpile area. After spreading, the topsoil shall be protected by seeding or re-vegetated.
8.0 Contractor's Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
 Within 6 weeks of signing the Contract, the Contractor shall prepare a work plan to ensure the adequate management of EHS aspects of the
works, including implementation of the requirements of these general conditions and any specific requirements of an EHS for the works.
 The Contractor's work plan will serve two main purposes:
o For the Contractor, for internal purposes, to ensure that all measures are in place for adequate EHS management, and as an
operational manual for his staff.
o For the Client, supported where necessary by supervisor engineer, to ensure that the Contractor is fully prepared for the adequate
management of all EHS issues.
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 The Contractor's EHS document shall provide at least:
o A description of procedures and methods for complying with the project environmental and social safeguards and health and safety
management conditions, and any specific conditions specified in the ESMP;
o A description of specific mitigation measures that will be implemented in order to minimize adverse impacts;
o A description of all planned monitoring activities and the reporting thereof; and
o The internal organizational, management and reporting mechanisms put in place.
9.0 Health and Safety
 In advance of the construction work, the Contractor shall mount an awareness and hygiene campaign. Workers and local residents shall
be sensitized on health risks particularly of HIV/AIDS.
 Adequate road signs to warn pedestrians and motorists of rehabilitation activities, diversions, etc. shall be provided at appropriate
points.
 The contractor shall provide adequate PPE to the workers and staffs engaged in the project construction and operation activities.
10.0 Reporting
The Contractor shall prepare monthly progress reports to the Site Engineer on EHS monitoring with these general conditions, the project EHS
safeguards and health and safety management. It is expected that the Contractor's reports will include information on:
 EHS management actions/measures taken, including approvals sought from EEP and Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity
 Problems encountered in relation to EHS aspects (incidents, including delays, cost, consequences, etc. as a result thereof);
 Lack of compliance with contract requirements on the part of the Contractor;
 Changes of assumptions, conditions, measures, designs and actual works in relation to EHS aspects; and
 Observations, concerns raised and/or decisions taken with regard to EHS management during site meetings.
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11.0 Cost of Compliance
It is expected that compliance with these conditions is already part of standard of good workmanship and state-of-the-art as generally required
under this Contract. The item "Compliance with Environmental and Social safeguards and Health and Safety Management Conditions" in the Bill
of Quantities covers these costs.
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Annex 3: Procedures for Chance Find of Physical Cultural Resources

Attachment to contracts in case of potential chance find of physical cultural resources
If the Contractor discovers archaeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or
construction, the Contractor shall:
1: Excavation in sites of known archaeological interest should be avoided and as stated in this annex, such activities are not eligible for funding. Where
historical remains, antiquity or any other object of cultural, historical, or archaeological importance (including graveyards) are unexpectedly discovered
during construction in an area not previously known for its archaeological interest, the following procedures should be applied:
a) Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find.
b) Delineate the discovered area.
c) Secure the area to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be
present until the responsible Regional authorities and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism take over.
d) Notify the EEP and ESMT and the respective environmental and social safeguards specialist who in turn will notify the MoWIE and EEP respective
relevant institutions to contact the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism immediately (less than 24 hours).
e) The Ministry of Culture and Tourism will be in charge of protecting and preserving the area until deciding on the proper procedures to be carried out.
This might require an evaluation of the findings to be performed by the archaeologists of the relevant Ministry Culture, and Tourism (within 1 week).
The evaluation of the findings will take in consideration various criteria relevant to cultural heritage, including the aesthetic, historic, scientific or
research, social and economic values as decided by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
f) Decisions on how to handle the finding are taken by the responsible authorities and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism (within 2 weeks). This could
include changes in the location of the project layout (such as when the finding is irremovable remains of cultural or archaeological importance),
conservation, preservation, restoration, and salvage.
g) Construction or rehabilitation work will resume only after authorization is provided by the responsible local authorities and the Ministry of Culture and
Tourism concerning the safeguard of the heritage.
178
h) Authorization to resume work shall be communicated to the contractor and/or EEP Head office and Aluto geothermal project offices in writing by the
Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
2: In case of delays incurred indirect relation to any physical cultural resources findings not stipulated in the contract (and affecting the overall schedule of
works), the contractor may apply for an extension of time. However, the contractor will not be entitled to any kind of compensation or claim other than
what is directly related to the execution of the physical cultural resources findings works and protections.
179
Annex 4: Summary of Recommended limits of H2S-Office of Environmental Hazard assessment Agency-under California Environmental protection
Agency
180
Annex 5: Provisional standards for industrial pollution control in Ethiopia
181
Annex 6: Environmental considerations for Hazardous materials & waste
182
183
Annex 7: Permissible limits of drinking water quality
N.B. USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), ISI (Institute for Scientific Information),
ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research), CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board).
184
Annex 8: General Standards and Criteria for The Discharge of Industrial Effluents into Inland Surface
Waters.
185
Note 1: All efforts should be made to remove unpleasant odour as far as possible.
Note 2: These values are based on dilution of effluents by at least 8 volumes of clean receiving water. If the
dilution is below 8 times, the permissible limits are multiplied by the 1/8 of the actual dilution.
Note 3: The above-mentioned general standards shall cease to apply with regard to a particular industry
when industry specific standards are notified for that industry.
Note 4: Pesticides as per World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
requirements.
186
Annex 9: TOLERANCE LIMITS FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS DISCHARGED ON LAND FOR

IRRIGATION PURPOSE.
187
Annex 10: WHO air quality standards
188
Annex 11: IFC standards for Air quality and Noise
189
Annex 12: WHO Fugitive PM Emissions Controls Standards
Annex 13: IFC standards for point source Air Pollution emissions
190
Annex 14 Hazard specific to geothermal projects
Annex 15: Summary of Consultation Meetings
S.No. Organizations/Party No. of
consulted Consultees
Community Members, Woreda officials and EEP
Affected PAPs 80
AGP Personnel’s 6
Woreda Administration officials 4
Abbey deneba kebele officials 3
Aluto kebele officials 3
191
Community elders (Abbey Deneba) 3
Community elders (Aluto) 3
TOTAL 102
Rift valley lake basin Authority and EEP ESMT
RLBA Officials 5
EEP ESMT 3
TOTAL 8
Oromia Forest and Wild life Enterprise(OFWE)

and EEP
OFWE officials 2
EEP Personnel’s 3
TOTAL 5
SUB TOTAL 115
192
Annex 16: Geothermal development License
193
Annex 17: Water use permit of Aluto Geothermal Project
Annex 18: Minutes of meeting with PAPs
194
195
Annex 19: minutes of meeting with “Oromia Forest & Wildlife Enterprise (OFWE)"
196
197
Annex 20: Minutes of meeting with FDRE Rift Valley Lakes Basin Authority (RVLBA)
198
199
200
201
202
203
Annex 21: Drilling site layout

Open the following file (pdf) to see the layout of Aluto geothermal project Drilling sites
204

EEP ESMP-Aluto Geothermal Project (Draft Final)

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EEP ESMP-Aluto Geothermal Project (Draft Final)

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FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

Ethiopian Electric Power (EEP)

Geothermal Sector Development Project (GSDP)

Aluto Geothermal Project

Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)

ESMP – Document Production

Revision DATE Prepared By

Final (Original) Nov 2013 EEPC-Co-PLU

ESMP Document review-PIU

REV. no 00 Name Date Position

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE.............................................................................................................. 10

2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT...........................................................................................................................26

3 POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAME WORKS............................33

3.2. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE.......................40

3.5. MULTI - LATERAL AGREEMENTS (MLA)..........................................................................................................47

5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS......................................................................................62

5.4.6 Impacts on Women...............................................................................................................................................78

6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN..............................84

9.1 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF MAJOR ACTORS...........................................................................................136

10 ESTIMATED COST FOR E&S MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION...............................................161

TABLE 1-2: DESCRIPTION OF ACCESS ROAD.......................................................................................................................11

AAC Arbitration Appraisal Committee

Drilling of Deep Geothermal Wells

Access road construction

Borrow pit site/ Quarry sites

Construction of water supply pipelines

 Geothermal is environmentally friendly energy generation technology.

The Rift valley Lakes Basin Authority is the other institution covered by the consultation process; The

Project Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

Training and Capacity Building

Estimated Environmental and Social mitigation Cost

1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE

1.2 Project Location

1.3 Project Objective

1.4 Project description

1.4.2 Access road construction

Table 1-2: description of Access road

Road 1 Aluto Site-LA14-D 1 Rough track Upgrading

Road 2 Aluto Site-LA12-D 2 Rough track New Road Construction

Road 3 Aluto Site-BB-02-BB-01 3.5 Rough track New Road Construction

Road 4 Lake Ziway - Aluto Site 8 Rough road Upgrading

Road 5 Adami Tulu - Aluto Site 15 Feeder road Repairs

- 6 m wide carriage way with 2 lanes;

- 1 m wide side banks;

- maximum 10% gradient;

- curves with minimum 20 m radius;

1.4.4 Workers’ camps

1.4.5 Casing Storage

1.5 Objectives of the ESMP

2.1 Physical Environment

Figure 2-3: Aluto topography from Google earth

Figure 2-4: Air quality And Noise level monitoring locations

Night (18:00-06:00) ETH. 45 45.2 44.9 41.4

2.1.6 Air Quality

Table 2-4: Hydrogen sulphide guideline values

Substance Guideline value Averaging time

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 150 µg/m3 24 hours

Namely (See Error: Reference source not found):

- SW1 & WS4: from river Ropi (_̴12km NW of the project),

Figure 2-5: Water Sampling Location

Chromium (Cr) 155 222 96 531

2.1.8 Effluent Discharges

Table 2-7: Standard for effluents discharged on land

Parameters Unit Limit value Remark