LAMPIRAN A

A.1 Kapasitas Pabrik

Operasional Pabrik = 330 Hari
1 Hari Kerja = 24 Jam
Kapasitas Pabrik = 10.000 ton/tahun
= 10.000 x 1000 = 10.000.000 kg/tahun
= 10.000.000 : 330 hari : 24 jam
= 1262,626263 kg/jam
= 1262,626263 kg/jam : 32
= 39,45707071 kmol/jam

A.2 Kapasitas Bahan Baku

Bahan baku = - Anilin (C6H5NH2) 99,9%
- Nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2) 0,1%

Basis = 100 kmol/jam

A.3 Data Berat Molekul

komponen Rumus kimia berat molekul titik didih (K)
aniline C6H5NH2 93,13 457,6
nitrobenzene C6H5NO2 123,113 483,95
diphenylamine (C6H5)2NH 169,23 575,15
amonia NH3 17,031 239,72

A.4 Neraca Massa Reaktor

Basis = 100 kmol/jam
Konversi Anilin = 35%
Suhu = 500oC
Tekanan = 7,5 atm
Katalis = Al2O3
- Neraca Massa Anilin
Input – Output + Regenerasi = Acc
N4X4 – N5X5 – Xanilin.n = 0
(100)(9,99%)(93,13) – N5X5 – (0,35)(93,13) = 0
9313 – 3259,55 = N5X5
N5X5 = 6053,45

- Neraca Massa Nitrobenzen

N4XN = N5X5
(100)(0,1%)(123,113) = N5X5
- Reaksi
2C6H5NH2 Al2O3
(C6H5)2NH + NH3

- Neraca Massa Diphenylamine

Input = Output
0 = ½ x Anilin x Mr
= 17,5 x 169,23
= 2961,525
- Neraca Massa Amonia
Input = Output
0 = ½ x anilin x Mr
= 17,5 x 17,031
= 298,042
 Rumus berat titik masuk keluar
komponen teregenerasi terbentuk
kimia molekul didih (K) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)
aniline C6H5NH2 93,13 457,6 9313 3259,55 0 6053,45
nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 123,113 483,95 12,32362362 0 0 12,32362362
diphenylamine (C6H5)2NH 169,23 575,15 0 0 2961,525 2961,525
amonia NH3 17,031 239,72 0 0 298,0425 298,0425
total 9325,323624 3259,55 3259,5675 9325,341124

A.5 Neraca Massa Kondensor dan Separator

T = 196,85
P = 7,5
komponen Senyawa A B C
aniline C6H5NH2 7,29291 1668,15 193,636
nitrobenzen C6H5NO2 7,53814 2018,37 222,575
diphenylamine (C6H5)2NH 7,52551 2362,64 206,676
amonia NH3 7,55466 1002,711 247,885

(Sumber: yaws)
- Anilin
Log P = Aanilin – (Banilin / (Canilin + 273,15 + T))
= 7,29291 – (1668,15 / (193,636 + 273,15 + 196,85))
= 4,779257938
P (mmhg) = 10 x Log P
= 60153,08948 (593,7109931 atm)
- Nitrobenzen
Log P = Anitro – (Bnitro / (Cnitro + 273,15 + T)
= 7,53814 – (2018,37 / (225,575 + 273,15 + 196,85))
= 4,62384191
P (mmhg) = 10 x Log P
 = 42057,35047 (415,1060492 atm)
- Diphenylamine = Adpa – (Bdpa / (Cdpa + 273,15 + T)
Log P = 7,52551 – (2362,64 / (206,676 + 273,15 + 196,85))
= 4,033971952
P (mmhg) = 10813,64112 (106,7306379 atm)
- Amonia = Anh3 – (Bnh3 / (Cnh3 + 273,15 + T))
Log P = 7,52551 – (1002,711 / (247,885 + 273,15 + 196,85))
= 6,157902859
P (mmhg) = 10 x Log P
= 1438476,791 (14197,76593 atm)
log P P (mmhg) P (atm)
4,779257938 60153,08948 593,7109931
4,62384191 42057,35047 415,1060492
4,033971952 10813,64112 106,7306379
6,157902859 1438476,791 14197,76593

- Neraca Massa Anilin

Input = Output
N5X5 = N6X6
6053,45 = 6053,45
- Neraca Massa Nitrobenzene
Input = Output
N5X5 = N6X6
12,32362362 = 12,32362362
- Neraca Massa Diphenylamine
Input = Output
N5X5 = N6X6
2961,525 = 2961,525
- Zi Anilin = Massa Masuk Anilin / Total Massa Masuk Kondensor
= 6053,45 / 9325,341124
= 0,649139792
- Zi NitroB = Massa Masuk Nitrobenzene / Total Massa Masuk Kondensor
= 12,32362362 / 9325,341124
= 0,00132152
- Zi DPA = Massa Masuk DPA / Total Massa Masuk Kondensor
= 2961,525 / 9325,341124
= 0,317578195
- Zi Amonia = Massa Masuk Amonia / Total Massa Masuk Kondensor
= 298,0425 / 9325,341124
= 0,031960493

- Zi Total = Zi Anilin + Zi Nitrobenzen + Zi DPA + Zi Amonia

=1

- Ki Anilin = P* Anilin / P
= 593,7109931 / 7,5
= 79,16146575
- Ki NitroB = P* Nitrobenzene / P
= 415,1060492 / 7,5
= 55,34747322
- Ki DPA = P* DPA / P
= 106,7306379 / 7,5
= 14,23075171
- Ki Amonia= P* Amonia / P
= 14197,76593 / 7,5
= 1893,035457

- Ki Total = Ki Anilin + Ki Nitrobenzene + Ki DPA + Ki Amonia

= 2041,775148

Diketahui = L/V = 0,5

- Xi Anilin = Zi Anilin x (1 + L/V) / (Ki Anilin + L/V)
= 0,649139792 x (1 + 0,5) / (79,16146575 + 0,5)
= 0,0122231
- Xi NitroB = Zi Nitrobenzene x (1 + L/V) / (Ki Nitrobenzene + L/V)
= 0,00132152 x (1 + 0,5) / (55,34747322 + 0,5)
= 3,549E-05
- Xi DPA = Zi DPA x (1 + L/V) / (Ki DPA + L/V)
= 0,317578195 x (1 + 0,5) / (14,23075171 + 0,5)
= 0,0323383
- Xi Amonia= Zi Amonia x (1 + L/V) / (Ki Amonia + L/V)
= 0,031960493 x (1 + 0,5) / (1893,035457 + 0,5)
= 2,532E-05
- Total Xi = 0,0446222

- Yi Anilin = Ki Anilin x Xi Anilin

= 0,9675981
- Yi NitroB = Ki Nitrobenzene x Xi Nitrobenzene
= 0,0019645
- Yi DPA = Ki DPA x Xi DPA
= 0,4601981
- Yi Amonia= Ki Amonia x Xi Amonia
 = 0,0479281
- Total Yi = 1,4776889

Zi Ki xi yi
0,01222309 0,96759814
0,649139792 79,16146575 5 1
3,54945E- 0,00196453
0,00132152 55,34747322 05 3
0,03233828 0,46019814
0,317578195 14,23075171 8 8
2,53181E-
0,031960493 1893,035457 05 0,04792808
0,04462219 1,47768890
1 2041,775148 6 2

A.6 Neraca Massa Menara Distilasi

- Neraca Massa Anilin Distilat
Input – Output = ACC
Input = Output
N6X6 = N8X8
6053,45 = N8 x 99,84%
N8 = 6043,76448
Neraca Massa Anilin Bottom
Input – Output = ACC
Input = Output
N6X6 = N9X9
6053,45 = N9 x (1 – 0,9984)
N9 = 9,68552
- Neraca Massa Nitrobenzen Distilat
Input – Output = ACC
Input = Output
 N6X6 = N8X8
12,32362362 = N8 x 1
N8 = 12,32362362
- Neraca Massa Diphenylamine Distilat
Input – Output = ACC
Input = Output
N6X6 = N8X8
2961,525 = N8 x 0,01
N8 = 29,61525
Neraca Massa Diphenylamine Bottom
Input – Output = ACC
Input = Output
N6X6 = N9X9
2961,525 = N9 x 0,99
N9 = 2931,90975
Distillat Bottom
Komponen Massa Mol Massa Mol
Fraksi mol Fraksi mol
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 6043,76448 64,896 0,995778802 9,68552 0,104 0,005967066
Nitrobenzen 12,32362362 0,1001001 0,001535958 0 0 0
2931,9097
Diphenylamine 29,61525 0,175 0,002685239 5 17,325 0,994032934
2941,5952
Total 6085,703354 65,1711001 1 7 17,429 1

A.7 Neraca Massa Kondensor CD-103

Komponen α top α bottom α avg xi, F (Fraksi Mol)
Aniline 27,2976 10,4697 16,9055 0,786923986
Nitrobenzen 10,5831 4,4553 6,8667 0,001211864
Diphenylamin
e 1 1 1 0,21186415
Jumlah 38,8807 15,925 24,7722 1
- Umpan
Diketahui trial θ = 1,2488774349816
- α avg x xi, F Aniline
α avg * xi, F
= 16,9055 * 0,786923986
= 13,30334344
- α avg x xi,F/(αi-θ)
= (α avg * xi, F) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 13,30334344 / (16,9055 - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,849694331
- α avg x xi, F Nitrobenzene
α avg * xi, F
= 6,8667 * 0,001211864
= 0,008321508

- α avg x xi,F/(αi-θ)
= (α avg * xi, F) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,008321508 / (6,8667 - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,001481269
- α avg x xi, F Diphenylamine
α avg * xi, F
= 1 * 0,21186415
= 0,21186415
- α avg x xi,F/(αi-θ)
= (α avg * xi, F) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,21186415 / (1 - 1,2488774349816)
= -0,851279065

- Distilat
- Xi, D Anilin
= 0,995778802
- α avg x xi, D
α avg * xi, D
= 16,9055 * 0,995778802
= 16,8341385
- α avg x xi,D/(αi-θ)
= (α avg * xi, D) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 16,8341385 / (16,9055 - 1,2488774349816)
= 1,075209
- Xi, D Nitrobenzene
= 0,001535958
- α avg x xi, D
α avg * xi, D
= 6,8667 * 0,001535958
= 0,010547
- α avg x xi,D/(αi-θ)
(α avg * xi, D) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,010547 / (6,8667 - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,001877
- Xi, D Diphenylamine
= 0,002685239
- α avg x xi, D
α avg * xi, D
= 1 * 0,002685239
= 0,0026852
- α avg x xi,D/(αi-θ)
= (α avg * xi, D) / (α avg - 1,2488774349816)
= 0,0026852 / (1 - 1,2488774349816)
 = -0,010789
- Total Xi, D = 1
- Total α avg x xi,D/(αi-θ) = 1,066297
- Rm = Total α avg x xi,D/(αi-θ) – 1 = 0,066296819
- R operasi = 0,099445228

Α avg x Α avg x xi,d/(αi-

Α avg x xi,f Xi,d Α avg x xi,d
xi,f/(αi-θ) θ)
13,30334344 0,849694331 0,995778802 16,83413854 1,075208812
0,008321508 0,001481269 0,001535958 0,010546966 0,001877412
0,21186415 -0,851279065 0,002685239 0,002685239 -0,0107894
-0,000103464 1 1,066296819

A.8 Neraca Massa Reboiler RB-101

- Distilat
- Aniline
Distilat = (F6-F8) + reflux)- N9
= 6,558-0,104
= 6,454 kmol/jam
= 601,024 kg/jam
- Diphenylamine
Distilat = (F6-F8) + reflux)- N9
= 82,517-17,325
= 65,192 kmol/jam
= 11032,51 kg/jam
- Bottom
- Aniline
Bottom = N9 – distilat
= 6,558 - 6,454 kmol/jam
 = 0,104 kmol/jam
= 9,685 kg/jam
- Diphenylamine
Bottom = N9 – distilat
= 82,517 - 65,192 kmol/jam
= 17,325 kmol/jam
= 2931,91 kg/jam
Distillat Bottom
Komponen Massa Mol Massa Mol
Fraksi mol Fraksi mol
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 601,0235378 6,453597529 0,090076173 9,68552 0,104 0,005967066
Nitrobenzen 0 0 0 0 0 0
2931,9097
Diphenylamine 11032,51035 65,19240291 0,909923827 5 17,325 0,994032934
2941,5952
Total 11633,53388 71,64600044 1 7 17,429 1

A.8 Perhitungan Neraca Massa Keseluruhan berdasarkan Kapasitas

Basis umpan total C6H5NH2 sebesar 100 kmol diperoleh produk (C6H5)2NH
dari hasil bawah Menara Distilasi sebesar 2.941,59527 kg/jam dengan kemurnian
99,98%-b. Kapasitas produksi yang diinginkan = 1.262,626263 kg/jam.
kapasitas yang diinginkan
Faktor Skala=
kapasitas daribasis
1262,626263
Faktor Skala=
2941,59527
Faktor Skala=0,42923181

Dengan mengalikan hasil perhitungan sebelumnya dengan faktor skala maka akan
diperoleh susunan neraca massa untuk kapasitas pabrik 10.000 ton/tahun
(1.262,626263 kg/jam).
- Reaktor
Komponen Masuk (kg/jam) Teregenerasi Terbentuk keluar (kg/jam)
Aniline 3997,435848 1399,102547 0 2598,333301
 Nitrobenzen 5,289691276 0 0 5,289691276
Diphenylamine 0 0 1271,180737 1271,180737
Amonia 0 0 127,9293218 127,9293218
Total 4002,72554 1399,102547 1399,110059 4002,733051

- Kondensor dan separator

Massa distilat Mol distilat Massa bottom Mol bottom
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 0 0 2598,333301 27,90006766
Nitrobenzen 0 0 5,289691276 0,042966147
Diphenylamine 0 0 1271,180737 7,511556679
Amonia 127,8955412 7,509573205 0 0
Total 127,8955412 7,509573205 3874,803729 35,45459049

- Menara distilasi
Massa distilat Mol distilat Massa bottom Mol bottom
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 2594,175968 27,85542755 4,157333282 0,044640108
Nitrobenzen 5,289691276 0,042966147 0 0
Diphenylamine 12,71180737 0,075115567 1258,468929 7,436441112
Amonia 0 0 0 0
Total 2612,177467 27,97350927 1262,626263 7,48108122

- Kondensor
Massa reflux Mol reflux Massa distilat Mol distilat
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 257,9784211 2,77008935 2594,175968 27,85542755
Nitrobenzen 0,526034556 0,004272778 5,289691276 0,042966147
Diphenylamine 1,264128584 0,007469885 12,71180737 0,075115567
Amonia 0 0 0 0
Total 259,7685843 2,781832012 2612,177467 27,97350927
 - Reboiler
Massa distilat Mol distilat Massa bottom Mol bottom
Komponen
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/jam) (kmol/jam)
Aniline 257,9784211 2,77008935 4,157333282 0,044640108
Nitrobenzen 0 0 0 0
Diphenylamine 4735,504387 27,98265311 1258,468929 7,436441112
Amonia 0 0 0 0
Total 4993,482808 30,75274246 1262,626263 7,48108122
A.9 Neraca Massa Mixing Point
- Aniline
N2 = N1 + N10
N2 = 15,1246+27,8554
N2 = 42,9800 kmol/jam
N2 = 4002,7255 kg/jam
- Nitrobenzene
N2 = N1 + N10
N2 = 0,0115+0,0430
N2 = 0,0544 kmol/jam
N2 = 6,6997 kg/jam
- Diphenylamine
N2 = N1 + N10
N2 = 0,0000+0,0751
N2 = 0,0751kmol/jam
N2 = 12,7118 kg/jam

Mol
Massa Mol Massa Massa
Berat masuk Mol keluar
Komponen masuk (kmol/jam masuk keluar
molekul (kmol/jam (kmol/jam)
(kg/jam) ) (kg/jam) (kg/jam)
)
Aniline 93,13 1408,5496 15,1246 2594,1760 27,8554 4002,7255 42,9800
Nitrobenzen 123,113 1,4100 0,0115 5,2897 0,0430 6,6997 0,0544
Diphenylamine 169,23 0,0000 0,0000 12,7118 0,0751 12,7118 0,0751
Amonia 17,031 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1409,9595 15,1360 2612,1775 27,9735 4022,1370 43,1095

A.10 Neraca Massa Separator (S-101)

- Top
- Aniline
N4 = N2 x
N4 = 42,9800 * 1
N4 = 42,9800 kmol/jam
N4 = 4002,7255 kg/jam
- Nitrobenzene
N4 = N2 x
N4 = 0,0544 * 0,9996
N4 = 0,0544 kmol/jam
N4 = 6,6970 kg/jam
- UPL
- Nitrobenzene
N22 = N2 – N4
N22 = 0,0544-0,0544
N22 = 0,0000 kmol/jam
N22 = 0,0027 kg/jam
- Diphenylamine
N22 = N2 – N4
N22 = 0,0751-0,0000
N22 = 0,0751 kmol/jam
N22 = 12,7118 kg/jam

Komponen Berat Massa Mol Massa Mol keluar Massa Mol keluar
molekul masuk masuk keluar (kmol/jam keluar (kmol/jam)
 (kmol/jam
(kg/jam) (kg/jam) ) (kg/jam)
)
Aniline 93,13 4002,7255 42,9800 4002,7255 42,9800 0,0000 0,0000
Nitrobenzen 123,113 6,6997 0,0544 6,6970 0,0544 0,0027 0,0000
Diphenylamine 169,23 12,7118 0,0751 0,0000 0,0000 12,7118 0,0751
Amonia 17,031 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 4022,1370 43,1095 4009,4225 43,0344 12,7145 0,0751

A.11 Neraca Massa Kondensor (CD-102)

A.12 Neraca Massa Drum Flaker (FL-101)