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‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ(‬
‫

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‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬
‫ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺷﺒﲑ‬
‫< <‬

‫ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ً‬
‫)ﺭﺋﻴﺴـﺎ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧـﺲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﻴﻑ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ‬
‫ً‬
‫)ﻋﻀــﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﺻﱪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫)ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ ﻭﻋﻀﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫)ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ ﻭﻋﻀﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‬

‫‪١٤٣٦‬ﻫـ ‪ ٢٠١٥ -‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬

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‫ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ً‬
‫)ﺭﺋﻴﺴـﺎ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﻴﻑ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ‬
‫ً‬
‫)ﻋﻀــﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﺻﱪﻱ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫)ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ ﻭﻋﻀﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺃﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻭﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫)ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺎ ﻭﻋﻀﻮﺍ(‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ /‬ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ‪ -‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪/ /‬‬ ‫ﺃُﺠﻴﺯﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺨﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺯﺓ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

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‫إ* زو‪ $56‬ه‪ 2‬وأو‪4‬دي ‪ 2‬وﺱ‪+ 0‬ن‬

‫إ* آ; ﻡ أ=‪+‬ء ‪9: ;<,  0‬‬

‫إ* أﺱ‪+ً 6 $/!/+‬‬
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‫ا‪ $5‬ا‪ +ًE+ $F5FG5‬وﻡ‪ً=+D‬ا‬
‫إ* ﺵ‪ $E‬ا ‪6+‬‬
‫إ* ا‪"#‬اء وا‪A‬ﺱى وا‪$I‬‬
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‫و‪ +7O‬آ> ًا أن أﺕ<م *‪ 1 \7‬ا? وا‪7‬ن *[  وأ‪(. $‬رات ا>ء‬
‫وا&< ‪N‬ﺱ‪+5‬ذ اآ‪L5‬ر‪ /‬ﻡ‪  D‬أﻥ‪ 6 P‬أ!&ذ ا<‪+‬ن ا‪7‬م *?‪  /‬ا
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‫ا<‪+‬ن ا‪7‬م *?‪  /‬ا
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‫ا رآ  ﻡ  ه" ا! ‪ ،‬و‪ Q‬أ‪  O+‬ا‪ 9:‬ا?(   إﺙاء‬
‫‪ 4‬ا ﺕ‪ 7‬أن [‪  % . f‬ا[‪f‬اء‪ ،‬إ‪+‬‬ ‫ر!& *‪  /7‬ا‪ hO‬ا‪ً @! g‬‬
‫‪ f.‬و‪$ $‬اد آ‪ ،1‬وأﺕ<م أ‪&!b ً9‬ذي ا‪:‬ﺽ ا‪A‬ﺱ‪+5R‬ذ ا‪R‬آ‪L5‬ر‪ /‬ﻡ‪R D‬‬
‫ﺱ  أﻡ أ!&ذ ور@ ‪ 1O Y‬ا<‪+‬ن ا‪7‬م *?‪ /‬ا
<ق ‪$ -‬ﻡ‪ . 7‬‬
‫ﺵ ‪ Y‬اي ﺵ وآﻡ *<(ل ا;ﺵاف ‪ /.‬ر!&‪? ،‬ن  ‪17+‬‬
‫ا ‪ 1/7‬واﺹ‪ l‬ا‪b‬ﻡ  وا ﺵ ا ‪ W/ W k* 12/‬وﺕاﺽ‪ 1 g‬أﺵ‪  2‬ﻡ> ‪،‬‬
‫‪ /‬آ ا? و‪ 1 \.‬ا&<‪ ،‬را‪ ً $‬ﻡ ا ‪f.‬و ‪ $‬أن ‪ *  /. 17‬ر‬
‫ا)
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‫و‪$ $‬اد آ‪ ،1‬وأﺕ<م أ‪&!b ً9‬ذي ا‪:‬ﺽ ا‪A‬ﺱ‪+5‬ذ ا‪R‬آ‪L5‬ر‪ /‬ﻡ‪LR D‬د أ‪LR‬‬
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‫ا‪T+E‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻘـﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪ Ví‰]…‚Ö]Åç•çÚ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺤﻭل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﻓـﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒـﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٥‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﻓﺎﺩﻱ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻀـﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻁﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﻝﻴﻠﻭ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛‬
‫ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻁﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒـﻥ ﺴـﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺤـﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬

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‫ﺘﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒل‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺘﻤﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﹸﻠﺯﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﹸﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻜﻭﺍ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﺄﻝﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٠-١٩٥٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺠﺒﺭ ﻨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﺠـﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ‪١٩٥١-١٩٥٠‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸـﻕ‪١٣٧٠ ،‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٩٥١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤـﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻜﺸﺎﻜﺵ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺸـﻜل ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٢‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪،٣‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٤٨٠‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤـﺙ ‪٢٠٠٤/٩/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝـﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٧/٢٨‬ﻡ(؛ ﻓﻴﺼل ﻨﺴﻴﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻤﺎﺓ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﻠﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻹﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻤﺤﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﻀﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٤‬؛ ﻋـﺎﺩل ﻤﺴـﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻤﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﻀﺭ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﻱ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺸـﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻴﺎﺴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٥‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠‬ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٩٨‬ﻁﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴـﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴـﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ٨٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺨﺭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ‪ ،٢٠٠٦‬ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝــ ‪ ،B.O.T‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴـﺩ ﻓﻬﻤـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٢٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨‬‬

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‫ﻅ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﻋﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻀﻁﺭﺩ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭﺘﺎ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﻭﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻠﻐل ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ، (٣‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ )‪ ، (٤‬ﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺠﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤـﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺯﻫـﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﺠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬

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 ‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻤﺕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫)‪( ١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺌﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁـﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜـﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺠـﻭﻥ ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻔﻨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﺍﻨﻙ ﺏ‪ .‬ﺸﻴﺭﻭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺭﻤـﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﻝﻲ ﺒﺎﺸﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﻋﻁﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻜﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺘـﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺒـﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻅﻲ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴـﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤـﻲ "ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤـﻪ‪-‬‬
‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‪ -‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ‪ -‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ ﻀـﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ ﺒﻤـﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ziad Maraqa, The Conficts between trademark and domain names In‬‬
‫‪Arab countries – a comparative study with the UK, Research‬‬
‫‪presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic Conference: "Electronic‬‬
‫‪Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government" held at Emirates Center‬‬
‫‪for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009,‬‬
‫‪under the supervision and organization of College of Law-United Arab‬‬
‫‪Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic‬‬
‫‪Research. Research of the first volume,2009, p.191‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻀـﺒﻁﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬

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‫ﻗﺒل )‪ ، (١‬ﻤ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺤﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻜﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺸﻜل ﺇﻴﺫﺍﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬

‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺴـﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﺒـﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﻼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴـﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴـﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘـﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٢‬ﺹ‪٩٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ )‪ ،(٨٥‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴـل‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀـﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸـﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅـﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩل ﺤﻭل ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺭﺍﺩﻑ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻀﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴـﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻀـﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺘﻤـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﺭﻯ ﺘﻔﻀﻴل ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻹﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﻫﻨـﺎ‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴـﻴﻥ ﺒـﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ "ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ١٦-١٣ ،‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻌـﺩﺓ‬
‫‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٤-١‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻴل ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺠﺎﻨـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻘﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘـﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻬـﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٢‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤ‪‬ﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﺴﺭ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻀﻭﺡ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨـﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓـﻕ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤــﺎل‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬‬
‫‪ VÝ‚{Ïi^ÚÝ^Ú_æ‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻗـﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺩﻗﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴـﻴﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀـﻤﻥ ﺘﻘـﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪ VÔÖ„{Ö‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻔﻀل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒـﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺒﻤﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ‪ :‬ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼـل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺴـﻠﻙ ﻭﻨﺸـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺠﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﻭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻫـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺴـﺘﻬﺩﻓﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﻤـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ .٤١٠‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٠٠٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺴـﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٢٠٠٣/٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٦٩١٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ "ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺨـﺭ ﺴـﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٠‬ﺹ‪٦١‬؛ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ ،٥٨٥٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢١‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﹰﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻜﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺨﺼﺨﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺄﻓﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﻡ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺒﺄﺨﺭ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴل‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻪ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬‬

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‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌـﺭﻑ ﺫﻝـﻙ‬
‫"ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘـﺎﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﻴﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻝﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﺨـﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﻲ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ“‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٢‬؛ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺨﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌـﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤـﺩﻨﻲ – ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩١‬‬
‫‪ :^ğ ßè_†eæ‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻭﻤﺒﻨـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻁـﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٦٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻨﺼﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٣٧‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒـﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﺼـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺼـﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٤‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://tqmag.net/body.asp?field=news_arabic&id=450‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗـﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤـﺩ‪ ١ ،‬ﻜـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١:١٧:١٤‬ﺹ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻴﻨﻜﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﺤﻼل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻻ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒل ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ‪‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺭﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺕ ﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻘل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﺒﺘﺴﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻝﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤـﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤـﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٤‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻌﺘﺎﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﺍﺜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻴﺩﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻝﻭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﻻﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻗل ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻵﻭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﻻل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻝﺘﻼﻓﻲ ﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺤﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻜل ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭل ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻴﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١١‬ﻨﻴﺴﺎﻥ ‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴﺘﺭﺍل" ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗـﻲ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٥١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺤﻭل‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻝﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٢١-٢٠‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻲ‬

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‫ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ ﻴﻌﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻘﺒل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺨﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ ﺍﻝﺠـﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ”ﻋﺩﺩ ﺨﺎﺹ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ .١٦٥‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺯﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨـﺎﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻝﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤل ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫"ﻭﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ‪ ،‬ﻜﺘﺏ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺤﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://ar.wikibooks.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤـﺩ‪ ١ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪٩:٤٧:٣٨ ،‬ﻡ )ﻭﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺸﺎﺭﻓﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒـﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ ﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﻠﺵ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺸﻨﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.siironline.org/alabwab/edare-%20eqtesad(27)/903.htm‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗـﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤـﺩ‪ ١ ،‬ﻜـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٠:٠١:٤٩‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻨﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٦‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺹ‪.٤٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻝﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﺃﻫﻡ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﺒﺈﺤﺩﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻹﻴﺼﺎل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻭﺹ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻜﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻜﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻴﻑ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺹ‪٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻜل‬ ‫ﺒﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻝﺴﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺩﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺴﺨﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺭﺘﺩﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻀﻊ ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺸﻬﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫل ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل ﺃﻡ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺃﺭﺽ ﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻫﺠﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﻤﺎﺸﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸـﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺸﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﻤﻨﺘـﻭﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ‪٢٠١٠-٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬

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‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻨﻜﺭ ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺒﺄﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺒﺸﺭﻭﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ Ví‰]…‚Ö]íéÛâ_ -‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺘﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﻝﻸﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺨﻁﻭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺒﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻜﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻻ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﹰﺎ ﻻﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺄﻫﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺩﻓﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﺘﻤﺎﺸﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻴﺼﺎﻥ ﻜل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﺘﻡ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺤﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﻝﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Vou^fÖ]kãq]æÖ]l^eçÃ’Ö] -‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﻌﻨﺎ ﺒﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻁﻌﻨﺎ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﺯﺓ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﺕ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴـﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠‬ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ )‪٢٠١٣ ،(١‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﺹ‪-١٠٢٤‬ﺹ‪."١٠٣٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻌﻨـﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ" ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻭﺴـﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴـﺙ ﻴﺸـﻤل ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼـﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺘﻤﺘﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﹸﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻭﺌﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺎﻡ ﺠﻴﺒﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺘﺘﺨﻁﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌل ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﺴـﺎﺱ ﻝﺨﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ ﻷﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ ﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﻁﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺸﺎل ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴـﺭﻭﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭ ﺯﻴﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺕ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻨﺎ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻥ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ Ví‰]…‚Ö]Åç•çÚ…^éj}cgf‰ -‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺩﻓﻌﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻜل ﻨﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻤﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺠﻼﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ‪ -‬ﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ -‬ﻝﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻠﻕ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪- http://muqtafi.birzeit.edu/index.aspx‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗـﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜـﺎﺀ‪ ٣ ،‬ﻜـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪٨:١٠:٠٠‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺤﻼل‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺸﺠﻴﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺭﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﹸﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺘﻭﺼل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻤﺩﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٤١٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬

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 ‫‪ Ví‰]…‚Ö]íérãßÚ -‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺭﻱﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ")‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٩/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﺕ ﻤﻴﻌـﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﻜﺜـﺭ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋ‪‬ﺩل ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٦/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٦٤‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٣١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١‬؛ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (٢٠‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٣٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫‪ÝNLLMíß{ŠÖDNEÜ{Î…í{è…^rjÖ]æíéÞ‚¹]l^ÛÒ^]Ùç‘_áçÞ^΂Â]çÎîׁ^ÛjÂý]l]…Ú -‬‬
‫>]‪V>قù‬‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺴـﺘﻘل‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪ -‬ﻨﻅـﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒﺈﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺨﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‬

‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀـﻲ ﻭﺴـﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ "‪ "٢٨٣‬ﺤﺘﻰ "‪ ،"٢٩١‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠـﻕ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٢٨٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌـﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸـﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻷﺼـﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌـﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺹ ﺨـﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻝﻜل ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺭﻀـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴـﺭﺩ ﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝـﻡ ﻴـﺭﺩ ﺒـﻪ ﻨـﺹ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/١٠/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٠٩‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﺤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‪ :‬ﻋـﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤـﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٧-٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﻁـﺎل ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁــﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﺸـﻬﺩ ﺼـﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ‪١٩٢٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺘﺄﻝﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻲ ﻨﻘﺽ ﻭﻋﺩل ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻼﻩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﺎﻜﻡ ﺁﻨـﺫﺍﻙ ﻤﻨﻅﻤـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻅـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺸﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻝﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺘـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻁﻭﺍﺌﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺤﺴـﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻫﻜـﺫﺍ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ ﻓﺘـﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺤـﺘﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺼـﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪(٣٨‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٠٩/٠٥‬ﻡ ﺹ‪ ،"٢٧٩‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻓﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻀـﺢ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻨﻅـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﻭﺩ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ" ﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴـﺒﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺨﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺨﻠﺕ ﺒﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺤﺘﻔﻅﺕ ﻝﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻀـﻤﻥ ﺇﺭﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺩﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺴﺏ ﻤﻘـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺨـﺘﺹ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻴـﻥ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﻻ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٤/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٤/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٧/٩/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٦/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٩/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٦٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١٢/٣٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪١٨٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٦/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١١٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٣/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١١٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٣/١٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٦/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٣/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٠٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬

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‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺯﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺘﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Ví‰]…‚Ö]íŞ} -‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻤﻭ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻨﻀﻭﺝ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻐﺎﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺠﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﺩﻝﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٤/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٠٠٤‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬

‫‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٢١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٣/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ ،(١٧‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٤/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١١٥‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٥/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺤﻠﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤل ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺘﻜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠل ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﺒﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗﺔ ﺒﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫]‪ êÞæÓÖý]ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖíÚ^ÃÖ]Ý^Óuù]Vë‚éãÛjÖ]h^fÖ‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫]‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖ÷]ƒ^ËßÖ]ì†ÓÊVÙæù]h^fÖ‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫]‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]ƒ^ËßÖ]íÃÎ]æÐéfŞil^fתjÚVêÞ^nÖ]h^fÖ‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫]‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]ƒ^ËßÖ]Øñ^‰æVoÖ^nÖ]h^fÖ‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫]‪ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]ƒ^ËÞíÃÎ]çÖêÞæÓÖý]l^fmý]VÄe]†Ö]h^fÖ‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

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30
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺠﺫﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﺤﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝـﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﻨــﻪ ﻴﺤﻅـﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺁﺜﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺴـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺃﻭﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺠﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻹﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨـﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻬـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒـﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ،٨‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪٢٠٠١/٩/١١‬ﻡ(؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١‬‬

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‫ﺒﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻓــﻲ ﻤﻌﻅـﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒـﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁــﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺇﺴـﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤـﹰﺎ ﺴـﻴﻁﺭﺃ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﻴـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻭ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺈﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻅـل‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻓﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ)‪:(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٩٠‬ﺹ‪٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴـﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻔﺼـﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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34
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

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36
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻜلٌ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﺫﻝـﻙ ﻤﻤﻜﻨـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺒﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪) :‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﺒﻘﺼـﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻗـﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭﺓ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺘﻘﻭل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﺼـل ﻓـﻲ ﻁﻠـﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻭﺒﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﺘﻐﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬـﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٧٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٤/٢/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٨٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٤/٤/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٤٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٢/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،(CD) ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻁﺒـﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺸﻤﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺸـﺭﻭﻁ ﺼـﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻻ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺅﻴﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ ﺤـﻭل ﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪(٢‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻤﻌﻅﻤﻬﻡ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻗﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬

‫ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝـﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻵﺨﺭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪١٩٦١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺍﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪) ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒـﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٩ -١٩٦٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٢٩‬ﺹ‪٣٣٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤـﻭل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٣‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻋﻤل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔـﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٩-١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٧‬؛ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ ﺃﻨـﻪ )ﺇﻓﺼـﺎﺡ ﻋـﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٧‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤـﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨـﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬

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‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺜﻭﺭ ﺤﻭل ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺒﺩﻴل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ()‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻓﺼﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻭﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ()‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺩﻝﻭﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺭﻫﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﻘﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻴﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺜﺭﻫـﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ )ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪-١٥٥‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٧‬ﻴﻨــﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٥‬ﺹ‪) ،١٥٦‬ﺘــﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤــﺙ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/١٠/٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٧‬ﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴـﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴـﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٩‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻀﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻁﺭﻗﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨ ﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺨﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺭﺍﺩﻓﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤـﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴـﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬

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‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﹸﺘﺩﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻔﻘﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪”،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل" ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٤٢٨/٣/٨‬ﻫـ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺩﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﻨﻘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﺜـل ﻨﻘﺎﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٧٦‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/٣/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒـل‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٢٥٨‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٢/١١/٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٤/٢/٢٩‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤـﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﺁﻨﻔﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﻫﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻭﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺃﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٣‬؛ ﻋـﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٠‬ﺹ‪٥٢١‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻨـﺱ‬
‫ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻁﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ)‪ (٣‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻁﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪) :‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴـﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎل‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻌﺒﻴـﺭ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٠٠٤‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٢١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺃﺭﺴـﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٤٦٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٩/٦/٢٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٢١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٦‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٣‬‬
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‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻱ ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻻ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻔﻬﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺠﺴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻤل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺎﺼﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨـﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ– ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ١٤-١١ ،‬ﻴﻭﻝﻴﻭ‪ /‬ﺘﻤﻭﺯ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﺒﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﺹ‪.٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀـﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻫﺩﻴﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺫﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺼﺩﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻪ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤـﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٣‬ﺹ‪٥٢٤‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏـﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝـﻙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺭﻗﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٦/٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺘﻘﻭل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﺅﺩﻯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﺜـﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﹰﺎ ﺴـﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻗـﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒـﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺨـﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﺕ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺒـﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٦٩١٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٥٧‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺘﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﻭﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻝﻠﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺴﻨﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝـﻰ ﻗﺎﺌﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ "ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴـﺔ" ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠـﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.diwan.ps/ar.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://www.mot.gov.ps/site/596/Default.aspx.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺄﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺴﻠﻔﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪-h7p://www.pla.pna.ps/announceDetails.aspx?id=1.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋـﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴـﺒﺕ‪ ١٦ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴـﺭﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴـﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٠:٢٦:٢١‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪.٢:‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﻝﺸـﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ،١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼـﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ )ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒـﺎﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺨﺎﻤﺴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﺘﺎﺴﻌﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻻﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﻴﺸـﺘﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺒـﺎﻝﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﻁﻌﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/٥/٢٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀـﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪١٣٣٧‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧١/١٢/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪.١٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺅﻗﺘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ‬

‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻤﻼﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺼﺩﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٥٢٤‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٢٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٩٨‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٣٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺘﺴﺠل ﺃﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴـﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺒـﺎﻉ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻼﻙ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﺒﺩل ﻭﻻ ﺘﻭﻫﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺭﻫﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺅﺠﺭ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺴـﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻴﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪V>ëç–ÃÖ]>ê×ӎÖ]…^éù]V÷ğ æ_ -‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ)‪ .(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺒﺴﺎﻁﺘﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٥‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪١٨٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٤٧‬ﺹ‪٣٤٨‬؛ ﺇﺒـﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻴﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٣‬؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢١‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠٠‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧٦‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧٩‬؛‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻐـﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺭ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧-١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢١٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻨﺩﻤﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺒﻨﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺼﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧٩‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠١‬؛ ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫــ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ ﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﺤـﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٣/١٩‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١٥٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺘﺢ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﺭﺍﻋﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﻁﻌـﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻴﺒﻘـﻰ ﻗـﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/١٠/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٤‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠـﺎﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﺤـﺩ‬

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 ‫‪ V>ë^¹]>êÂç•ç¹]…^éù]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺒﻐﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ)‪(٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬

‫ﻻ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ "ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﺩﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ‪ ،٦٢٤‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٨٢/٤/٦‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ "ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓـﻲ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻴﻭﻝﻴـﻭ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫‪١٩٥٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴـﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤـﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٦‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧٩‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤‬؛ ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٤٤‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢١٤‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗـﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻗـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺴﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻼ ﺸﺭﻁﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻴﺩﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ)‪:(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٩٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴـﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٥٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﺃﻨـﺱ ﺠﻌﻔـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٧٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٤‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝـﺩ ﺴـﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٥٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٧‬ﻭﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٣‬ﻭﻤـﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺘﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻜﺱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻷﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻭﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺯﺍﻋﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺯﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻭﻴﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻨﺎ ﻨﻨﺘﻘﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻜل ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻗﺼﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻝﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢١‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨـﺎ ﺘـﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﻘﺒﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺘـﻴﺵ ﻭﺴـﻤﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏـﺯﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٦٢‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٧/١٣‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺍﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،..) :‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤـﺄﻤﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﺨـﻭﻝﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻀﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒـﺭ ﺃﻭﺍﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤـﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻭل ﻝﻬﻡ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨـﺎﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٤٧٢٤/٤٥٥١‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٢/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤـﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥٥١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﻐﺯﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺒﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﺒﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ "ﺒﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻴﻙ)‪ "(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺒﺎﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺴﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺇﺘﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻠﻤﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻭﻁﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﺠﺭﺱ ﺒﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل‬
‫ﻻ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﻴﻭﻴﻭﺭﻙ ﻭﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﺓ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺴﺘﺎﻨﻔﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺒﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻴﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺼـﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ)‪.(xii‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺒﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻴﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺹ)‪.(xv‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺒﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻴﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٣‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪ ،١٣٨‬ﺹ‪.١٣٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻝﻘﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻅﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﻓﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ)‪،(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﻝﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺄﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗـﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺒﻌﻨـﻭﺍﻥ‪) ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺈﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤـﺩﺓ‪ ١٢-٩ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩﺩ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯﻻﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺸـﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴـﺨﺔ ﺍﻷﺼـﻠﻴﺔ ‪،PDF‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-h7p://www.eastlaws.com/Others/ViewMorafaat.aspx?ID=174‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ٢:٢٨:٥٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺠﺩﻭل ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.courts.gov.ps/eservices‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ٤:٢٦:٥٥ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠٢٧٨‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﻨـﻴﻥ‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﹸﻔﺭﺽ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻨﺹ)‪.(١‬‬

‫‪ ١٦‬ﺭﺠﺏ ‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢‬ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ ﺼـﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(٨٠٤٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﻨﻴﻥ ‪ ١٦‬ﺭﺠﺏ ‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‪ :‬ﻨـﻭﺍﻑ ﺼـﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(١٤٧٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ‪١٥‬‬
‫ﺸﻭﺍل ‪١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻓﻕ ‪ ١٥‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻘﺩ ﺠﻠﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻀﻭﺍﻥ ﻫـﻼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴـﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬـﺎ –‬
‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ )ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻴﻥ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻡ ﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻔﻅ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻓﻴﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﺭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﻤﻨﺠﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺎﻀﻴﻥ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ( ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٤٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٧/٣‬ﻡ ”ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻔـﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻫﻲ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻘـﺎﺌﻕ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴـﺔ ﻭﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻤـل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺴـﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺭﺃﻴﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺤﻭل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﻓﻜـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻋـﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬـﺎ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺘﻭﻅﻴـﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻀـﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺓ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺃﺜـﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ ﻝـﻡ ﻴﺘﻘﺒـل ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻝﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﺒﺸـﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀـﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻔـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨٢‬‬

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‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒـﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻴـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌـﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺴـﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺤﻠـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻪ ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻜﺒـﺩﻴل ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ‪‬ﻴﻌﺩ ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﻐﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﺸﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻀـﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤـﺎ ﺴـﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨـﻪ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻨﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻕ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻨﺜﺎﺀ ﺜﻭﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺘﺩﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤـﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺽ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻱ ﻻﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻨﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨـﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺄﺴـﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁﺎﻥ ﺒﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ ﻝﻬـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻏﻔل ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻫـﻡ ﺨﺎﺼـﻴﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﻨـﺔ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٠‬ﺹ‪٧١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤـﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴـﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅــﻴﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻁﻠﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻜﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤـﻨﺢ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺸﺭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻨﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨـﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻥﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻏﻔل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋـﺩﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﺘﺨـﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴـﺭ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤـﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻤﺘﻴـﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ ﻻﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝـﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻫـﻭ ﻤﻌﻬـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘـﻭﺡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭل‪١٤٢٧‬ﻫـ ـ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻓﻤﺎ ﻗﺼﺩﻩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﻴﺩ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﻅﻬـﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﻗﻔـﺯ ﻋﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻅـﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻤـﻊ ﺘﺯﺍﻴـﺩ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠـﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺤـل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼـﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻴﻘﺒل ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓـﻲ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺩﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٩‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴـﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻪ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٦ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺸﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌل ﺨﻼل ﺃﻗﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻨﻥ)‪(٢‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤـﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫــ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧١‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Nolly Tamez, Saleh Al-Sharieh, Multicultural Challenges and Barriers‬‬
‫‪in E-Government Enabled Canada, Research presented to the 17th‬‬
‫‪Annual Scientific Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce,‬‬
‫‪E- Government" held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and‬‬
‫‪Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and‬‬
‫‪organization of College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the‬‬
‫‪Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the‬‬
‫‪first volume,2009, p.96‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘـﻨﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪-٢٠٠١ ،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌـﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﻅ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﹸﻅﻤﺕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻗـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒـﻪ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻗﻴﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻓﺼـﺎﺡ ﻋـﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻓﺼﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻝﻭ ﺭﺠﻌﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻨﺠـﺩﻩ ﺃﻋﻁـﻰ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻹﻋـﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫)‪ ٩‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،(٦٤ ،٤٩ ،٤٧ ،٢٣ ،١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤـﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪،٤٢ ،١٩ ،٩ ،٣‬‬
‫‪.(٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻀـﻤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٤‬ﺹ‪٢٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴـﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٦‬‬

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‫ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻤﺠـﺭﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻀﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻓﺼـﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤـﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٢/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٤١‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٢/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٦/٢٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣٧٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧١/١٢/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٥٩٨‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ١٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٩/١/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٤٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٢/١٢‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺘﻘﻭل ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﺼـل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻭﺒﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﺘﻐﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝـﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜـﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪.٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﺘﻴـﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٣-٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣١‬‬

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‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻓﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺤﻕ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٥‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠـﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻤﺤﻴﺹ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ "ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ" ﺒﺸﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﺤـﻪ ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺼـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﻗﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺸـﺘﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﻝﺼـﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬـﺔ ﺼـﺎﺤﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺸﻭﺒﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﻭﺃﻨـﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﺤﺭﻱ ﺒﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺴﻨﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٤٣٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٢/٤/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٦٥‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٧/٤/٢٧‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴـﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺴـﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺼل ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﹰﺍ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﺨـﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺠـﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﺤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺯﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻓﻀـﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘـﻰ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺩﺨ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﺎﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﻭﺠـﻪ ﻤﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻠﺸﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺩﻉ ﻤﺠﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﻘـﻕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٨٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺼـﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘـﻕ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺜﻤﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸـﺭﻭﻁ ﺼـﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴـﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ ﻴـﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺨﻁﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤـﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠـﺏ ﺨـﺭﻭﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻴﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻔﻘﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨـﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻀـﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﺘـﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀـﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺤـﺎﻭﺭ ﻀـﺒﻁ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ ﺃﻴﻀـﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤـﺩﻱ ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜـﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻗـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٨١‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﻛـﻦ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼـﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻪ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٥/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٩/١١/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧١٩٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٤‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻴﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٥‬؛ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﻴﺴـﻰ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﻴـﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴـﺏ ﻋـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐـﺩﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٨‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٦٥‬ﺹ‪٦٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴـﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁـﻭل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٣‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺴﻤﻴﺕ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻔﻊ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺠﺎل‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٣٠‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺴـﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٢٨‬؛ ﺴـﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩٠‬؛ ﺯﻜﻲ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺠـﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ(‪١٩٩٤-١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨٤‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﺭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻷﺼﻭل ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ ﻭﻤـﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ﺒﻤﺼـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦١-١٩٦٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ ﺘﻤﻠـﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤـﺔ ﻁﻌﻨـﻪ‬
‫ﻜﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٣/٣١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،١٨٨٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪ ٢٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٥/٦/٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٧٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٤٧‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٩/١٤‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥١٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل ﻋﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ ﺴﻤﺤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻝﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺹ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ)‪(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ)‪(٤‬ﺃﻭ ﻻﺌﺤﻲ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺘﺘﻜﻔل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ)‪.(٧‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٣٦‬ﺹ‪.٧٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﺸـﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻝﻭ ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧٠ ،٦٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴـﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٧٢ ،١٧١ ،١٧٠ ،١٦٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ (٦٤ ،٦ ،٤ ،٣ ،٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪١٩٩٨/٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ )‪ (٥٦ ،٥٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ (٩٧ ،٤٠ ،١١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ ﺴـﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٢٠‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٥٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻘل ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﻭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻝـﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸـﺎﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺤـﺎﻻﺕ ﻋـﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺠﺴـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﺼﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺤـﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٥/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀـﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻭﺒﻪ ﻋﻴﺏ ﺠﺴـﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﻔﻘـﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺩﺭ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ)‪ ،...‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﺼﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺨﻁﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺭﺥ ﻻ ﻴﺨﻁﺌﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻭﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﻫﻭ ﻏﺼﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺤﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٥٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬

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‫ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺒﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺜﻤﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒل‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻔﺭﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺼﻴل ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل‬
‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺤﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴل ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻋﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻫﻭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺈﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻴﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

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‫ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻋﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻌﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻻ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺴﺎﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﺘﺨﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻹﺴـﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴـﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﺩﻤﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻁﻭﺍل ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺘﺏ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺯﻤﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤل ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺴـﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺘﺠﻬﺕ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢١١‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤـﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻛـﻦ ﺍﶈــﻞ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ)‪ (١‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺤﺎل ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻤﺱ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺎﺼﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ")‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺜﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٦٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴـﺩ ﺃﺒـﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩٠‬؛ ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻷﺜـﺭ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١‬ﺹ‪٧٢‬؛ ﻨـﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٢٣٤‬ﺱ‪ ٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴـﻪ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻘﺭﺭ ﻋـﺩﻡ ﻗﺒـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬

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‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻜﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٣/٣١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﻝﻬـﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫)‪ ،...‬ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/١/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺒـﺄﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ ﻭﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜـﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٦٩١٢‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ .٥٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺘﻘﻭل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺅﺩﻯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝـﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜـﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٠٠٠‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٩/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/١/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٧/٢/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤٤٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٣٤‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٩/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﻔﻘـﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺤﻠـﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺜـﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴـﺙ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺭﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻻﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺒل ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﻠﻡ‬

‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﻌﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏـﺯﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٨٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٥/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻓﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ" ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴـﺘﺤﻴل ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ ٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٤/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٢‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٧/٩/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٥٧٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٦/٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٧/٢/٢‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠـﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ .‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌـل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔـﻪ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬

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‫ﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻨﻀﻴﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻱ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺅﺴﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻴﺘﺭﻗﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﻭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺎﺡ ﻤﻁـﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٨٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻕ ﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﺤﺎل ﻝﻴﺱ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻠﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ" ﺩﻭﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻴﺼﺩﻕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻨﺔ ﺒﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ)‪(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﺩﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﻴﺩﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ (١٣-١١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ (٥٠-٤٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ ٣٦‬ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ‪ (٣٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺩﺀﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٢٩‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٢‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧١‬؛ ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺠل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻴﺩﺍﻤﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٨‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﻁﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻺﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪...،‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻁ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﻏﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٥/١٢/١٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٠/٦/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٥/٢/١١‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪،(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻭﻻ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٤٤٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪١٩٦٦/٣/٢٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻝﻪ ﺼﻴﻎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٠/٣/٢٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٧‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺩﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻸﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺸﻔﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺴﻤﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻰ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺅﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٧/١٠‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢/٦/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٠/٦/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣٥٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٤/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫"ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٥/١٢/١٨‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‬

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‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻝﺠﺎﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻗﻭل ﻭﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻼ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺠﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻁ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٩/١١/٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٧٧‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٥/١٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١١/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﻼﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺨﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻻﻜﺭﺍﻩ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﺒﻲ ﺒﺘﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻡ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻴﺒﻁل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﻭﺒﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﻁ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٢٥٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٣٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻜﺘﻤل ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪.١٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻨﺫﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﺒ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٤٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١١/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪.٧٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻺﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻓﺭﺍﻏﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻝﻼﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺨﻭﻝﻔﺕ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻼﺒﻁﺎل‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٥٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٧/١٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٧/٤/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٧/١١/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٨١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٣/٦/١٥‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٥٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪.٤٩‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺭﻜﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺭﻜﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻻ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﺠﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻫﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺫﺍﻥ ﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٩‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻴﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻪ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺴﻡ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٦٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٦٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻁﻼﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻌﺩﺍﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺒﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺘﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٥٦‬ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٦‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪،‬‬‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٩‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٣٠‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﻉ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﻜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻲ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭل ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻅﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺜﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺼﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺯﺍل ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺎﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺨﺼﺹ‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﻏﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.diwan.ps/ar‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ٢٤ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪١٢:٢٤:٢٢ ،‬‬
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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤــﺚ ﺍﻟـــﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻜل ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٩‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻭﻍ‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨل ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺤﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/٩/١٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ )ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺠل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘﻡ ﻓﺘﻭﺤﻲ ﻝﻪ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺎ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٠‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻫﻥ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٩٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﺠﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻬﻡ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻤل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ "ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٦‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٧‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‪ :‬ﻭﺴﺎﻡ ﺼﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻴﺒﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺃﻝﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺭﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻻﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺭﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻻﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٤/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٨١٥٢-٣٩٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺕ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺒﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺠﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﺎﻨﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻁﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻜﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺘﺠﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻏﻔﻠﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻸﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺤﻨﺎ ﻨﺩﻩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻋﻨﺩﺌﺫ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻜﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ"(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٣/٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﻜﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٩٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪.١٧٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻜﺴﺒﺏ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻴﺒﺭﺭﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻜﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﻥ ﻝﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٥‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٤/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/٣/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺘﺩﻉ ﺴﺒﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٠٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١١/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪،٦٧‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻋﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٩٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪١٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻠﺤﻴﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺤﻘل ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻹﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﻜﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻜﺭﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭل ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻴﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺭﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻼ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺼﺤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻴﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻁﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺭﺃﺘﻪ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤــﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣــﺲ‬

‫ﺭﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳـﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺸﻜل ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬

‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﻜﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﻬل ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺠﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺠل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٣‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﺤﺭﻑ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﺴﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﻤﻠﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٩٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٩/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩١‬؛ ﻭ‪‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٧‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٣‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٨٦٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻘﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺘﺼﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻫﻥ ﻤﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﺩﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﻷﻥ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﻓﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﺒﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﺒﺩﹰﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺤﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺃﻨﻴﻁﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/١/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺩﻑ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺨﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺇﻝﻐﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺇﻨﺸﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﺒﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﺩﺍﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٦٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١٢/٢١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﻅﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﻭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ ‪١٤٣٣ -‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٧‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٨٥/١٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٦٠/٩/٢١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٥٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٨/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٩٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٩/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩٨٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٤/٥/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٠٥٦/١٢/١٥‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٢٦‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ )ﺼﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻜﻴل ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﺸﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٥٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/٣/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺒﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺭﺽ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺭﺽ ﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٦/١٠‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺜﻘﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺯﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻌﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﺘﻐﻠﻐل ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺸﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﻭﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺠﺎﻨﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٩/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٩٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١١‬ﻕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٩/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٠‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺩﺍﻩ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼﻝﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﺍﻩ ﻭﴰﻮﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬

‫ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒـ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻭل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻋﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻻ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ)‪(٢‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻤﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١‬ﺹ‪٧٢‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦١‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٦٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﻤﻠﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺒل ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬

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‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﹸﺘﺜﺎﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺭﺩﻱ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻼﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺒل ﻭﻝﻺﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﻓﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻨﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/١٢/٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،١‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻁﻌﻨﻪ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻕ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍل ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺸﻜﺎﻻﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٣-١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺘﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‪ ،‬ﻜﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺒﻨﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٧٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒﻼﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺩﻤﺠﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻔﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺠﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻹﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻅل ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻹﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٠٠٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٢١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١/١٧‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٤٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫"ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻼ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺃﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦١/٦/٢٤‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ" ﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺼﻨﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﺤﻜﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،...‬ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﻕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻻﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٤/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻭل )ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٤/٢٦‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ -‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻴﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﻐﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ٢‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ .٢‬ﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺠل ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭ‪‬ﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺯﺍﺯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ "ﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻜﺏ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ) ﻭﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻻ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺼﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻬﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻋﻤل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٦٠٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٥/٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٣‬ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ‪(PDF‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻁﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺸﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻜﺎﺌﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺭﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٣-١ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ،٢‬ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪(PDF‬؛ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺩﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻝﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻓﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٥٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢١٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٦٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٣٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٦٦‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻶﺘﻲ‪) :‬ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻻﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ( ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻭﺴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻨﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﻤل ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﺘﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺭﻗﻰ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬

‫ﻤﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺫﻜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﺍﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻷﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١١/٦/٢٠‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺨﻠﺹ ﻋﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ "ﺍﻷﺒﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﻜﻴﺔ"‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨﻴﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢٣٦ ،٤٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٢‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٩٨/٤/٥‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳌﺪﻯ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺨﻠﻕ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺸﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻴﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺌﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺸﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺭﻏﺒﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﺤﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒل ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٠٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٩/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻨﺸﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻜﺎﺸﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﻌﻴﺎﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻤﺕ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺜﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺕ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﺵ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺤﺜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻻﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺏ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺼﺎﻨﺔ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩ ﻻ ﺘﻨﺸﺊ ﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩﻩ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻭﻴﺕ ﺤﺎﻝﺘﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺤﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩﻩ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺤﻕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺤﻴﻨﺌﺫ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻪ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺸﺌﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺎﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻤﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٤/٣‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬

‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺘﻤﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺨﺎﻝﺩﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﺘﺩﺨﻠﻬﻤﺎ‪ (١)،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٢٠‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺩﻡ ﻤﻨﺯل ﺁﻴل ﻝﻠﺴﻘﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﻜﻭﻓﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺯﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٣٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﺘﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺴﺎﻕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/١٠/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜل ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻴﺭﻤﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸل ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺅﻗﺘﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬

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‫ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺜﺎل ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻐﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫‪٤٣‬ﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻝﺴﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪٥٤٢١‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٢٢‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻧﻬﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻬﻴﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻝﺤﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻹﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ VêÞæÓÖý]ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]gv‰V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﺯﻭﺍل ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻘﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨٤‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٥‬؛ ﻨﻌﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻹﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍ ً‬
‫)‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺼﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻻ ﻴﻀﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺴﺤﺏ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻓﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٥/٢٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺂﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٥٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٤/٣/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢٥٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٠٦٥/٢/٢٧‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺏ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻝﺯﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻨﺎﻫﻴﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٣/١٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٧/٤/٨‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺤﻕ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭﻀﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٦/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٠‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٨٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٨٥/٣/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٨٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٩/٥/٢٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻨﺤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺘﺩﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻁ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﻭﺃﻀﺤﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﻨﻘﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٥/١١‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻷﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺼﺎﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺘﻌﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﺎﻤﺎﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻨﻌﺩﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﺠل ﻝﺴﺤﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺼﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٥/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨١/٢/١٥‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٥‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٥‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٦‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻴﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٨٤‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٧‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻭ ﺴﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺠﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٩٩٩/٧/٢٤‬ﺒﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﺼﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺤﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜل‬
‫ﺇﺨﻼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﻴﺒﻁﻠﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٦/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘل ﻝﺭﺤﻤﺘﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺠﺴﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﺎﺌﺯ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺍﺜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺏ ﺯﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧١/١٢/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪.١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٠٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٥٨٧‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٩/٥/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٤/٦/١٤‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٨/١/١٢‬ﻡ‪١٩٤٩/٥/٤ ،‬ﻡ‪١٩٥٠/٤/١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٦١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﻭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺸﺊ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻼﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺒل ﻭﻝﻺﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﻓﻕ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١٢/٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻨﻌﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺵ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺠل)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺭﻀﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴ ﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻔﻘﺩﻩ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺸﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁﺄ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺭﺃﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺯﻭل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٥٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٧٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٠/٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٤/٦/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٤٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٦/٦/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٨١/٥/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٠٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٢/١١/٢١‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٨٩٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧١/١٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪٣٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺘﻤﻲ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺒﺈﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺤﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻭﺏ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﺭ ﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٨٨‬‬

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‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻜﻑ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺴﺤﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﺒﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻭ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻭﺏ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺂﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺴﺤﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺩﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﻼ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ êÞæÓÖý]ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]ð^ÇÖcV^ğ éÞ^mI -‬‬
‫ﻴﺤﻕ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻻﺌﺤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﺕ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٠٩‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻓﺕ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻷﻭﻀﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٦/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻝﺴﺤﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺌﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻀﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﻌﺩﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺤﺩﺜﺕ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻁﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﺩ ﺩﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ êÞæÓÖý]^–¹]…]†ÏÖ]V^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻬﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻝﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺯﻭﺍﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻠﻲ ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻀﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤١٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺠل ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٣/٢٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٤٨‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﻔﻌﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻘﻴﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﻨﻬﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻐﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺈﺒﻁﺎل‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﺩ ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻘﻭل‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺭﻉ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻠﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺯﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺯﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٣٩٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪.١١٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ ﻷﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻤﻼﻤﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺼﻭل ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺒل ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﺤﻭل ﺠﺫﺭﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪(١‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪(٢‬ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻋﻼﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻼﺯﻤﺕ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺤﺘﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻜﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٥٢٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺤﻴﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻘﺎﻝﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺴﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻼﻭﺘﻬﺎ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺠﺘﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻓﻁﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺤﻭل ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﺭﻗﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻤﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ،٢٠‬ﺹ‪ ،٥١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤٥‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٨٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢٢‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﺼﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﺏ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٩٧٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻭل ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺘﺼﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻭﺍﻫﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺤﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩ ﺸﻴﻭﺥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣٢‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٧٠‬ﺹ‪٧١‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺹ‪.٣٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺃﺼﻁﺒﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﻨﻀﺞ ﻤﻊ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻬﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭﻩ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﹸﻜﺘﺸﻑ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻸ ﻝﻴﻌﻠﻨﻭﻫﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﻡ ﺍﻵﻝﻬﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒل ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺭﺨﻴﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻌﺯﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤٧‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٥‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٧٢‬ﺹ‪ ١٣١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﻘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٩‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤١٨‬ﻫـ ـ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤٧‬ﺹ‪.٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٤٠٦ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪١٩٨٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻼﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﻘل ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻝﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻝﻘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺸﻭﻥ ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺒﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺒﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺩ ﻭﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺤﻔﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻼﺩ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺒﺩﻯ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻝﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﻴﺭ "ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺒﺼﺩﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺁﻨﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﻴﺕ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺒل‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺸﻌﻴﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﻭﺭﺍﺒﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪١٩٨٨-١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١١٢‬ﺹ‪ ٢٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،١١٢‬ﺹ‪ ٢٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺼﻘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺸﻌﻴﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻨﻘﺸﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﺠﺎﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ)‪(٢‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺸﻌﻴﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻋﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺯﻝﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻝﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻭﺽ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺨﺎﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﺤﻤل ﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٧‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻋﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻩ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٧٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﺎﻝﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻴل ﺃﻭ ﻴﺫﻫﺒﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻗﺩﺍﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﻷﺠل ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٥‬ﺹ‪.٢٧٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻤﺎﺀ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺘﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﺍ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺩﺍﺓ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ( ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺘﻲ ﺭﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﻴﻨﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻹﺜﻨﻰ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﺼﻭﻝﻭﻥ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٧‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﻌﻰ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﺤﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻨﻔﻭﺸﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﻭﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٧٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺠﻭﻥ ﻜﻭﻝﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩‬ﻴﻭﻝﻴﻭ ‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٣٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻁﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺯﺓ‪١٤١٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ – ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪،١١٤‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻝﻠﺭﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻏﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٣‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﺒﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻭﺱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺸﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺸﻴﻭﺥ ﻭﺃﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺸﺤﻴﻥ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻐﺎﻝﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻅﻤﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﹸﺫﺍﻉ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺸﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻁﻤﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺒﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺼﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺵ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺘﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺃﻋﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺸﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﹸﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺭﺠﺎل ﻭﻫﻡ ﻜﺎﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺴﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٧٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻯ ﻝﻠﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٤٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻁﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ )ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ( ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻤل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺈﺴﻡ )ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭ(‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٩‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦١‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﻉ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٨٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻜﺘﺸﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ Baree‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ ،Fortier‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻜﻔل ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺤﺎﺭﺴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ Baree‬ﺒﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺒﻠﻎ ‪ ٤٩,٠٠٠‬ﻓﺭﻨﻙ ﻜﻤﺩﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٢‬‬
‫‪١٨٢٠/١٢/‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ Baree‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٨٢١/٤/١‬ﻡ ﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ Baree‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺨﻁﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٨٢١/٧/ ١٩‬ﻡ ﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪Fortier‬‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﹰﺎ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪١٨٢٠/١٢/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫‪ Fortier‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ‪١٨٢١/٧/١٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ‪ Fortier‬ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪١٨٢٠/١٢/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦‬ﺹ‪.٣٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﻬﺠﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫‪ ٢٢‬ﻴﻭﻝﻴﻭ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٨٨٩‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺭﻙ ﻤﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻘﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﺘﺭﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪١٩٨٣‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻜل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺯﺩﻭﺍﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻔﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻫﻨﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻭل )ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٣‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻴل ﺴﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ– ﻏﺯﺓ ‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺼﻁﺒﻎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺒﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺠﻠﻭﺴﻜﺴﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺄﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﹰﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ)‪(١‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺎﺘﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺼﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﹸﺸﺭ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ )ﻍ(‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٣‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪١٨٧٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٨٦ ،‬ﻡ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٤٠٦‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٣٣١‬ﻫـ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻝﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ )ﻴﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺓ ﺒﺒﻼﻍ ﻨﺎﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ( ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢١‬ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ )ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٣٣٢‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻜﻼﺌﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺌﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻝﻴﺒﻠﻐﻬﺎ ﺤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺄﺠﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻠﻨﻭﺍﻁﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤل ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺒﻠﻐﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٣٢٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻭﺴﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﺭﺜﺕ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻋﻴﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺯﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٢٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻔﻅ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٢١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻐﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٣٢‬ﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻝﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺤﺩﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻭﺭﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﻤﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪٢٠٠٤/١/١٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٢٩٤‬ﻫـ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﻡ ‪ ،٣٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺒﻬﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺎﻀل ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٧‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪١٩٥٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ ‪١٩٢٢‬ﻡ‪١٩٣٩-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻁﺭﺍﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٧٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٢٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ ...‬ﻭﺘﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل ﺴﺎﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻴﻭﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ)‪(٢‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻤل ﻤﻼﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﹸﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻨﺼﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ" ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺘﺎﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.tayeh.ps/pal_days.php‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٠٢ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪١٠:٥٩:٥١‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٤٠٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٥/٤/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٣٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ٥٨٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٣٦/٠٥/٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٥‬؛‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ( ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٣٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ٥٦٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٣٦/٠١/٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ( ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ١٣٠٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪.١٩٤٣/١٢/١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺠﻴﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺸﺭﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٣‬ﺹ‪٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٣٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٩/١٢/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠٣‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺇﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٣٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٩/١٢/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠٦‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻴﺯﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٤٤‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٠/٠٥/٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٠٠‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻀﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺘﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺨﺎﻨﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﻝﻠﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ )ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻪ( ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٨٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٠٣/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺠﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻀﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٨٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٦٦/٠٣/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﻁﺔ ﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﺘﻴﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٦١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٧٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦١/٠٧/٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥١‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٤٢‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ،١٩٦٤/٠٦/٠١‬ﺹ‪١٤٨٧‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻴﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺍﺘﺏ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ) ‪ (٠‬ﻤﻥ‬

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‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٦٤/٠٧/١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٢٥‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺩﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٩/١٢/٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩١‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺩﺏ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻗﻡ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٩/٠٥/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٩٨٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٩/٠٥/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٠‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٤٩/٤/٢٦‬ﻡ ﻭ ‪١٩٤٩/٥/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻁﺭﺃ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ" ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺤل ﻴﺎﺴﺭ ﻋﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﻴﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٧٩‬ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٩٥٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٠٩/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٩٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺸﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ )ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﺴﻴﻨﺎﺀ( ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٣٠٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫)ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ‪ -‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٠/٠١/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٥٧‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻼل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻝﻐﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺸﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺠﺄ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅ ﻴﻤﻴﺔ )‪، ( ٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ )ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ :(١‬ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ‪١٩٦٧\٦\٥‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻗﺒل ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٧/٦/٥‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ" ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ :(٢‬ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺒﻤﺯﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ )ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺯﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ :(٣‬ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ )ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ ﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ )‪ :(٤‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫)ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٩‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺔ ‪١٤١٤‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ‪١٩٩٤/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٤/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻗﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٠٣/٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﻋﻼﻭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٧٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٠٢/٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٤‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٥٥‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٠٦/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٠٤‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ )‪ ( ١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻗﻀﻲ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ )‪. ( ٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٠١/٣١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺃ‪ -‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺸﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ ٤٥‬ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٧٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧/٠٩/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٥‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﻠﺔ ﺯﻫﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﺸﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٠٨/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٠٨/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ -٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ١٤‬ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺴﺠل ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻭﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ‪-٣ ،‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻬﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٣٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٠٩/٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺜﻤﺔ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻼﺤﻅ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ(‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻁﺭﺃﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﻀﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻗﺩﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻏﺭﺍﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﻴﻁﻪ ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺤﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٧‬‬

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‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻼﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻝﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻴﺭﺴﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺴﻬ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ)‪ .(١‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻴﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺘﺨﻁﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫"ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﺴﻬﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻐﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﻭﺙ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺠﺌﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٥‬؛ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺠﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﺒل ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺒل‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻭﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺒﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٥‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺴﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﻴﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻬﻤل ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺒل ﻨﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﺩ‬

‫ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﻠﻤﺘﻲ "ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ" ﻭ"ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﻴﻌﺩ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤﹰﺎ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻐﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﻁﻼﺤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل ﺠﺎﻫﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺴﻨﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬
‫"ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ .‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﻁﻼﺤﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠــﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ﻭﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻝﻐﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻫﻭ ) ﹶﻨ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺫ( ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﺍل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﺼلٌ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻴﺩ ُ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤ‪‬ﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤ‪ ‬ﹴﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﹶﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﺴ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﹶﻔﺎﺫﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﹾﻔﺫﹾﺘﹸﻪ ﺃﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹲ‬
‫ﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻤﺎ ﹴ‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﻀﺒﻁ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪) ٤٥٨‬ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻓ ﹸﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ل)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻤﻔﹾﻌ‪‬ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻤﻭ ﹺﺭ ‪‬ﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﹾﺘ‪‬ﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺴ ‪‬ﺭﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻬ‪ ‬ﹺﻡ‬
‫ﻁ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺹ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻝﻨﱡﻔﻭﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺨﺎﹶﻝ ﹶ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺠﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺯ ﺍﻝﺸﻲ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻠﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺨ ﹺﺭ ﻭﺴﺎ ِﺌﺭ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل َﺃﻤ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻓﺫﹲ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﻵ ﹶ‬
‫ﺸﱢ‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﺭﻓ‪‬ﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝ ﹼ‬
‫ﺝ ﹶ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﹸﺭﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺠﻭ‪ ‬ﹶ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﺃﻱ ‪‬ﻤﻁﹶﺎﻉ‪.(٥)‬‬
‫ﺏ ﻤﻨﻁﻭﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝ ﱠﺘﻨﹾﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺫ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﹶﻨ ﱠﻔ ﹶﺫ ﺍﻝﺤ‪‬ﻜ ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﺭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ ﻝﻤﺎ ﹸﻗﻀ‪‬ﻲ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝ ﱠﻨﻔﹶﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔﹲ ﺘﻠﺤﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﻤﺠﺭ‪‬ﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﺌﺯ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٤٥٨‬ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻗﺴﻭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻔﻬﺭﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ‪١٤٢٦‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٥ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻝﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ – ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺯﺩﺍﻨﺔ ﺒﺄﺭﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻠﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺜﻭﻝﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﻭﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬
‫‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ ‪ -‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ١١٨٢‬ﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﻤﻁﻭل ﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ‪١٩٨٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٩٠٧‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺩﻗﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل‪ ،‬ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪١٩٨٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٠‬‬
‫)ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﱠﻔﺎ ﹸﺫ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﹾﺠ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺯ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﹾﻤﺤ‪ ‬ﹶﻜ ﹺﻡ‪ :‬ﺠ‪‬ﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺯ‬
‫ﻷﻤ‪ ‬ﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻗﹶﻀﺎ ‪‬ﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺹ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹾ ‪‬ﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻘﺎل ﺃﻨ ﹶﻔ ﹶﺫ ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻲ ‪‬ﺀ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻝﺨﻠﹸﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺱ ِﺇ ﹺ‬
‫ﻥ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻹِﻨ ﹺ‬ ‫ﺠ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻝﹾ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ )ﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻤﻌ‪ ‬ﹶ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻥ ِﺇ ﱠ‬‫ﺽ ﻓﹶﺎﻨ ﹸﻔﺫﹸﻭﺍ ﻻ ﺘﹶﻨ ﹸﻔﺫﹸﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻷﺭ‪ ‬ﹺ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍ َ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁﻌ‪‬ﹸﺘﻡ‪ ‬ﺃَﻥ ﺘﹶﻨ ﹸﻔﺫﹸﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻤﻥ‪َ ‬ﺃﻗﹾﻁﹶﺎ ﹺﺭ ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﺘ ﹶ‬
‫ﻥ()‪(٥‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﹾﻁﹶﺎ ﹴ‬‫ﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٤-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٩٣٩‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻤﺫﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﺸﻜﻭﻝﺔ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ – ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٤٩٦‬‬
‫)ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ( ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٤٤٩٦‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٤١٢‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﺘﻌﺠﻴﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋﺔ "ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻗﻁﺎﺭ "ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﺭ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻴﺎ ﻤﻌﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻨﺱ ﺇﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﺭﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺅﺍﺨﺫﺘﻪ ﻓﻔﺭﻭﺍ ﻭﺍﻨﻔﺫﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻭﻝﻪ‪" :‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ" ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝـ "ﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ( ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ" ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.holyquran.net/cgi-‬‬
‫‪bin/almizan.pl?ch=55&vr=33&sp=0&sv=33‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٠٨ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ١٢:٥٦:٢٠‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻼﺡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺸﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺒﺭﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻝﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺃﻋﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻁﺔ ﻻﻝﺤﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻠﻥ ﻴﻠﺘﺤﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺭﻁﻴﹰﺎ ﻻﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٥٥‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻼﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺒﺭﺍ‪١٤١٧ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ )ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬

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‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻡ( ﻭ)ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ( ﻭ)ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻁﻼل ﻓﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪١٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٠‬ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٥٤-١٩٥٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٧‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺨﺭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٧٨٠‬ﺹ‪٧٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺈﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٨‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬؛ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻝﻌﻤل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻﻋﻼﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪،(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٧٨‬ﺹ‪٥١٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤١٢‬ﺹ‪٤١٣‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٥‬ﺹ‪١٧٦‬؛‬
‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦١‬؛ ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻫﺩﻴﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻜﺎﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻹﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺩﻡ ﻤﻨﺯل ﺁﻴل ﻝﻠﺴﻘﻭﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.diwan.ps/ar‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪(١‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠل)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺯ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.pla.gov.ps/ar‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.gaza-city.org‬ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‬ ‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.pmtit.ps/ar/index.php?p=home‬‬
‫)‪.(http://www.pma.ps/?lang=ar‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‪ ٢١ ،‬ﺃﻴﺎﺭ‪-‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ ‪١١:٥٧:١٤‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠل ﻫﻭ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺘﹸﻌﻁﻰ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻴﺯ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ )‪ ١٩‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ‪ ،(٢٦‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠل ﻗﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٢-٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺠﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻴﺠﺭﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﻭﺍﻝﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺯ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺯ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺭﻭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺽ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١١٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺤﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﻤﺘﻌﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺭﺝ ﺤﺯﺒﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١١‬ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١٨٩‬ﺹ‪٢٠٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭ ﻷﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺅﻜﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ :‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪.٢١٩‬‬

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‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ)‪(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﺩﻯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪٢١٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪،١٤٤‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٢٠١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺠﺯﹰﺍ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪،١٨٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٠‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠١‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺴﻨﺕ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌ ﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜل ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٩‬ﺹ‪٢٢٠‬؛ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٩‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٠‬ﻭﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻴﻐﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺵ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭل ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻜل ﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻻﺌﺤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪،١٤٤‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٠‬ﺹ‪٢٢١‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬

‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١٩١‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٢‬ﺹ‪٢٠٣‬؛ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤٨‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻴﻐﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٠٠‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٠١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺨﻭﻝﻪ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺫﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻬل ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤٨‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪١٩٨٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬؛ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬؛ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١٤٤‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٩‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺘﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻁﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٢-٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻏﺎﻝﺏ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٨-٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺘﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﹸﻜﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﻗ ﺎﹰ ﺯﻤﻨﻴ ﺎﹰ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴ ﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ)‪ ، (٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺘﺄﺴﺱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١١٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺁﺨﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٣‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻘﻼﻥ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٨‬‬

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‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ)‪ ، (١‬ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒ ﺎﹰ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ، (٢‬ﻭﻝﻭﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨ ﺎﹰ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﺴﺒﻘ ﺎﹰ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺫﻭﻝﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺏ ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻼ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻀﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺎﺌﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﺼﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺌﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠١‬؛ ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ – ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢٣‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥٦‬ﺹ‪٢٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻴﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٣/٣/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪http://www.alforatnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl‬‬
‫‪e&id=36466:-8-&ca)d=36:2013-03-27-10-35-00&Itemid=53‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺒﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.albayan.ae/across-the-uae/accidents/2012-06-20-‬‬
‫‪1.1672911‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٢٢ ،‬ﺃﻴﺎﺭ‪-‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪٩:٤٥:٥٦ ،‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻼ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ)‪(١‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺎﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻨﺸﺄ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٥‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﻨﻭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻁﻼل ﻓﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٧‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٤٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٢‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٣‬ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ – ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ – ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ – ﺍﻻﺜﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﻼ ﺴﺒﺏ –‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣٤٢‬ﺹ‪٥٤٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،١١٧‬ﺹ‪١٢٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٤٢٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٤٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢٥٧‬ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬؛ ﺠﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪،٦٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٥٠‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،١١٥‬ﺹ‪.١٦٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻗﻭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺯﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻭﻑ )ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫ(‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺍﹰ ﻭﻤﻠﺯﻤﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣٤٢‬ﺹ‪٥٤٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪،١١٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٢٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٤٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢٥٧‬ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬؛ ﺠﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣٨٤‬ﺹ‪٥٩٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠-١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٥٥‬‬

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‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻠﺘﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻴﺤﺩﻩ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺈﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺒﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺨﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﻗﻭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻥ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺄﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺨﻠﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻠﻔﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻬﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،،‬ﺹ‪ ١٩٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢٩٣‬ﺹ‪ ٣٨٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺨﻠﻔﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﺒﻴﺏ ﺸﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ -‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪٢٠٠٧-٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،٢١٨‬ﺹ‪٢٩٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪،١٢١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٢٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٥‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢٧٨‬ﺹ‪٣٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭل ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ‬

‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻺﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺠﻼل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺄﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺽ ﻭﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٣‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﺒﻴﺏ ﺸﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢١١‬ﺹ‪٢٨٣‬؛ ﺠﻼل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻷﻫﻭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤١٣‬ﺹ‪ ٣٠٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠل‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺩﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺜﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀﻌﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻻﻭل‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﺅﺘﻪ – ﺍﻻﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ‪ ،٣٢‬ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ١٧١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠٠٧/٤/٥‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧/٥/٢٣‬ﻡ(؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٦‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥-١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﺭﻤﺴﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٤٥٠‬‬

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‫ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺨﺎﻝﻔﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﻠﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺙ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٢‬ﺹ‪٢٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﻠﻭ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩١‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻨﺠﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٩‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻜل ﻋﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺓ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﺘﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺒﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻤﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٧٣‬‬

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‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﺩﺨﻭﻝﻪ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺘﻀﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻷﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺒﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ( ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﺴﺭ ﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٤١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺨﻼل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺠل ﻤﺸﻔﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻨﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ )ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻠﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٤١‬ﺹ‪١٤١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﺒﻴﺏ ﺸﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٠‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪٦١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺠﻼل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٧‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻨﻘﻀﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺒﺎﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ١٤٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬

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 ‫ﻴﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺩﺨل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٣‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٠‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻷﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠل ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻗﻭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٧٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻴﻨﺸﺌﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻗﺒﻭل(‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻱ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٨‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٨٤‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻴﺠﺎﺏ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹶﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﻀﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪. ١٧١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺄﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ً‬
‫) ‪(١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻭﺇﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬
‫ﺨﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻯ ﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫"ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ)‪(٢‬ﻭﻷﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ‪ ،(٣)ELECTRON‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃِﻝﻜﹾﺘﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﺭﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺫﻭ ﺸﺤﻨﺔ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻝﺒﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﺸﺄ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻥ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺭﻝﻨﺩﻱ ﺠﻭﺭﺝ ﺠﻭﻨﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﺴﺘﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٨٩٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://ar.wikipedia.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٥ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٩:٢٨:٤٥‬ﻡ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﻤﻊ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻴﻜﺎﻥ ‪ ICANN‬ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻱ – ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧٥٢‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺼﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎﺕﹾ)‪،(١‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،ELECTRONIC‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻹِﻝﻜﹾﺘﹸﺭﻭ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ل‬
‫ﻲ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﹸﻜ ﱢ‬
‫ل ﺍﻹِﻝﻜﹾ ﹸﺘﺭ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻌﻘﹾ ُ‬
‫ﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل‪ " :‬ﺒ ‪‬ﺩَﺃ ‪‬ﻴﻨﹾ ﹶﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ِﺇﻝﹶﻰ ﺍﻹِﻝﻜﹾ ﹸﺘﺭ‪‬ﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻫﻭ )ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹾﺴ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﻕ ﺍﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﻤ‪‬ﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻹﺠ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﺃ ‪‬ﺩ ﱢ‬
‫ﻥ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻹِﻝﻜﹾﺘﺭ‪‬ﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺘﻌ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ"‪ ،‬ﻭ " ﺁﹶﻝ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤ‪‬ﺎﺴ‪‬ﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻤﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬ﺘ ﹺ‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺃﻴ‪‬ﻀﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻥ"‪ " ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ‪‬ﻤﻤ‪ ‬ﻜ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ‪‬ﻭﻗﹾ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺴ‪‬ﺎ ﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺒَﺄﺴ‪ ‬ﺭ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺴ‪ ‬ﺘﺨﹾﺩ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﻤﻬ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﻹِﻝﻜﹾﺘﺭﻭ ‪‬ﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍِ‬
‫ﻋﻠﹾﻡ‪ ‬ﻴﻬ‪ ‬ﹶﺘ ‪‬ﻡ ﹺﺒ ﹶﺘﺭ‪‬ﻜ‪‬ﻴ ﹺ‬
‫ﺕ"‪ :‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﹾ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻹِﻝﻜﹾﺘﺭﻭ ‪‬ﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ " ،‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﻝﻔ‪‬ﻴ ﹺﺯﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﹸﺭﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺘﻨﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻭِﻝﻬ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶﻓﺭ‪‬ﻉ‪ ‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺼﻁﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫‪- http://www.almaany.com‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٥ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٩:٥٧:٠٢‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ‪ ٧٠‬ﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﺼﻭل ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ )ﻤﺎﺱ(‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬؛ ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺌل ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻨﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٠٩‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝـﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻝﺴﻨـﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗـﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (E-PALESTINE‬ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٣/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩١‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٦٩‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٩‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ( ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٨/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/٠٤/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٩٦/٠٨/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٨/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٤٥٢٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/١٢/٣١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٠١٠‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬

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‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻹﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﻠﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﻨﺼﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٥٤٨‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ١٨ ،‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣١‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻋ‪‬ﺩل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ،٢٧٤١‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ‪ ٣١‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،(٣٥‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺩل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٣٠٣٩‬ﺍﻝﺨﻤﻴﺱ‪ ١٦ ،‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،(٥‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨٦٤‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺩل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٠١٠/٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٩١٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٤٢٨/٣/٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‬

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‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺒﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﻨﺸﺎﻁﹰﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻬﺩﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻥﹴ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺤﺎل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻨﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺘﻔﻘﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺒـﺄﻨﻪ "ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ")‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل" ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬

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‫ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﻨﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ" ﻴﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﻻﺤﻕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬

‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٤٢٨/٣/٨‬ﻫـ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ ‪٢٠٠٨/٦٩‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺃﻡ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ‪ Text‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺕ ‪ Sound‬ﻭﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺭﻜﺔ ‪ ،Multimedia‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬

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 ‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺸﺒﻜﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﺜﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻻﺌل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"؛ ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻁﺭﻕ ﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻴﺩﻴﻭ ﻭﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺘﻠﺘﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺒﺭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺸﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻨﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻱ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺒﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٦٠‬ﺹ‪٢٦١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﻲ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺈﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻜﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﺫﻜﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺴﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-١‬ﺹ‪(٥٢‬؛ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺩﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-٢٧٦‬ﺹ‪(٣٠٤‬؛ ﺤﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﻠﻴﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٢/٢٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-٥٤٩‬ﺹ‪ ،(٥٧٣‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪٢٠١٠/٣/١٥‬ﻡ؛ ﻫﻼ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪-٥٢٥‬ﺹ‪ ،(٥٤١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪٢٠١٠/٢/١١‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻼ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻌﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﻝﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﺎ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺒﻜل‬
‫)‪ ،(http://eservices.mohe.ps‬ﻭﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫)‪،(http://portal.moe.gov.eg/Eservices/Pages/Default.aspx‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪h7p://www.ramallah.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=KkOrCMa153803284‬‬
‫‪ ،(KkOrCM(8a‬ﻭﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴل )‪.( http://gis.hebron-city.ps/gisapplication‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ٩ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨:٣٦:١٣‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﻴﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-١٧٦‬ﺹ‪(٢١٨‬؛ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-٥٣٧‬ﺹ‪(٥٧٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ،٣٤‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-١٥٤‬ﺹ‪(١٧٢‬‬

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‫ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﻌل ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻀﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﺭﺘﻜﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻀﺭﺭ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭ ﻭﺘﻨﻤﻭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺤﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻋﻘﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٣٨‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٣١١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠٠٨/٦/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ‪٢٠٠٨/١١/٤‬ﻡ(؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺠﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٤٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻨﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻔﺽ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺸﻤﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻟﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﺩﻭﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺅﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤ‪‬ﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻤﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ "ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﹸﺒﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻨﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠١‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٩‬؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٧‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺱ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٨٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٢‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺩ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨٧‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻜل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢١‬ﺹ‪٦٢٢‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠٧‬ﺹ‪٣٠٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٢٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﻭﺃﺼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٢ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫ـ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃُﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٠٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻓﺭﻀﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻝﻌﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻝﻺﻨﻁﻼﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٤‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﻪ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺅﻩ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻱ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٨٢‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭل ﻓﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻭﺹ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻀﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﺭﺠﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠١‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٩‬؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﺱ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٩٢‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨٧‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢١‬ﺹ‪٦٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻷﺠل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺼﻴﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ()‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﹸﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻝﻴﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺜﻭﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤‬ﺹ‪.٥‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٤‬ﺹ‪.٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٥٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٨٤‬ﺹ‪.٨٥‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺼﺤﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺨﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺭﻜﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻴﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺘﺨﻠﻑ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﻠﻑ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ)‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺠﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﻴﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬؛ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬؛ ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٦٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤١‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٧٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٩‬‬

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‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﺨﻁﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﻭﻏﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻤﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﺘﺞ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺇﻜﺘﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻨﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ(‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻌﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺒﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺼﺩﻱ ﻤﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺭﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺒﻴل ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪،٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ،٨‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪٢٠٠١/٩/١١‬ﻡ(؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛‬
‫ﺴﺭﻱ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١١‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٣‬؛ ﺃﻭﻓﺎﺭﺕ ﺒﻭﻋﻼﻡ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺠﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺘﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٢/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻤﺯﻴﺎﻥ ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺤﺭﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ ﻝﺨﻀﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ‪٢٠١١-٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ"ﺃ"؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٤-١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ١٤٣٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٤ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻀﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺠﻼل‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺴﻭﻕ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺭﻗﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Brian Fizgerlad, Rami Olwan, copyright and Innovation in the Digital‬‬
‫‪Age: The United Arab Emirates (UAE), Research presented to the 17th‬‬
‫‪Annual Scientific Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce,‬‬
‫‪E- Government" held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and‬‬
‫‪Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and‬‬
‫‪organization of College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the‬‬
‫‪Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the‬‬
‫‪first volume,2009, p.149, P.150‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻓﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٥‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠــﻭﻤﺎﺘـﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﻤﺼﻌﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻁﺒﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ – ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻓﺭﺝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨‬؛ ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١١‬؛ ﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺴـﻴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺎﺼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٤٠٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٨٨ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٧٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٧٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٧٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٩‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٤٨‬‬

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 ‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺼﻨﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻘﺘﺼﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺸﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧١‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٧١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﻷﺤﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ‪-‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ -‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺒﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺒﻼ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺸﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﻨﻀﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻓﺭﻀﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺹ‪٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛‬
‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ )ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺠﻠﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺭﻓﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺩﺨﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻪ ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﻥ ﻴﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﻠﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺤﺼﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﻨﻤﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨٤‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻁﺎﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻠﻭﻏﻪ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺭﺘﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻴﻤﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺓ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻀﺎﻩ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺩﻩ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٦‬‬

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‫ﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻘل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻼﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺸﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻩ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٩٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٩٩‬؛ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٦٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل‬
‫ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٩‬‬

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‫ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻱ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻥ ﻴﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻁﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻝﺤﻬﻡ ﻻ ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻌﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺘﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺤﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.arteimi.info/site/publication.html‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٠:٤٩:٥١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ‪ ٢٦‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ )ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١٦٦٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ٧‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪h7p://www.26sept.info/newspaper/2012/november/1667/5664-‬‬
‫‪16/36107-2012-11-07-14-03-20.html‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١١:١٢:٣١‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺨﺎﻀﺕ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻋﻜﻔﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ) ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.albayan.ae/across-the-uae/accidents/2012-06-20-‬‬
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‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬

‫‪ ١١:٥٣:٠٢‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺍﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٦‬ﺹ‪١٦٧‬؛ ﻨﺯﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢١٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪) ،‬ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ‪ (PDF‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://slconf.uaeu.ac.ae/slconf17/arabic_prev_conf2009.asp‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١١:٥٩:٠٨‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺜﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺤﺩﺍﺜﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺠﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻜﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪١٤٢٧‬ﻫـ ـ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﻴﺴﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻏﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥‬؛ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﻐﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٢٨٧٧‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=197837‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ٥:٤٨:١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﺠﺩل ﺒﻴﻥ‬‫ﺠﺩﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﺅﻜﺩ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻨﻜﺭ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺘﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺼﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺠﺩﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺄﻫﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺘﺠﺴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺘﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻝﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻴﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺴﻁﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒل ﻴﺸﻤل ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤل ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫‪lø{}‚₣¹]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻜﺎﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺒـ "ﻤ‪‬ﺩﺨ‪‬ل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ")‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻼﻝﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻼﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﹸﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒـ ‪ ،Data Input‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻏﻨـﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅــﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠـﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺒﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ ـ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨١‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ "ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺄﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺄﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺘﺼﺩﻴﺭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﺎﻁ ﺒﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻴﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺴـﺒﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘـﻴﻴﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅــﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼـﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴــﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٦ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٦ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬

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 ‫‪ ØéǎjÖ]íé×ÛÂV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻹﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻝﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﹸﺘﺭﺠﻡ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪l^{q†~₣¹]V^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺩﺨﻼﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻬﺎ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻤ‪‬ﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﹸﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒـ ‪ ،Information Output‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ‬

‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺫﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺄﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺎﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﹸﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺘﹸﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺇﺠﺎﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٠‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺨﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﻴﺤﻭل ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻭﺘﺱ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺨﺸﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“ ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﺨﺫﻩ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻨﻜﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ ﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺏ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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236
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻥﹴ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﺤل ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﻭ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻴﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺄﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ "ﺃﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻜﻬﺭﻭﻤﻐﻨﺎﻁﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ")‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﻠﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻷﺨﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻻ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒل ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"؛ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ" ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٤٢٥٦‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/١١/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻝﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪" ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ"‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻻ ﺘﻌﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﺒﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻬﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺒﻁﻭﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ "ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻭﻤﺤﺴﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺤﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺘﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺄﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﻭﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺤﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺒﻜﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://ar.wikipedia.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ١٧ ،‬ﻨﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٩:٠٥:٢٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫)ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ(؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﻸﺴﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻥ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺴﻜﻥ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﺎﺫ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺸﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻼ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺼﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬

‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝـ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ –‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻸﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻸﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٢٥‬ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١٠‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٤١‬؛ ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺯﻋﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١‬؛ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ ﻨﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺸﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﻝﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻫﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺳﻮﺏ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻠﻐﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﻤل‬
‫ﻭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﺍﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻴﺴﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻀﻰ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ "ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ" ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪) ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ(‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺜﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻝﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﻭﺜﻘﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٢‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻼل ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺴﻌﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺴـﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺴـﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻅﻬﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ "ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻪ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻌﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺒﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨـﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ” ‪‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺭﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﻘﻭل‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻻﺴﻠﻜﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺼﻔﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ﻝﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ‪٢٠٠٥-٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬؛ ﻋﺎﺯﺓ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻤﻬﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﺼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻨﺴﺦ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻴﺩ ﻝﺘﻼﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺉ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬‫ﻭﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺩﻤﺎﺠﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٧‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺩﻝﺘﺎ ﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﺒﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺯﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺯﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪١٤٣١-١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻐﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻜﺜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﺅﺴـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻨﻭﻥ ﺒـﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻌﺏ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺒﺭ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻓﺎﻋل ﻝﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻴﻕ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺴﺒﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺤﻭل ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻜﺏ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﺍﻭل ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻷﺨﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺩﺜﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺸﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﻏﺭﻴﺏ ﺸﻠﻘﺎﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ؛ ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪Nolly Tamez, Saleh Al-Sharieh, Previous :‬‬
‫‪Reference, p.96‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻔﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٩٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺯﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٢٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻌﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬؛ ﻭﻝﻴﻡ ﺩﺍﺘﻥ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ "ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ"‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪) ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ(‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٣‬؛‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺒﻴﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺒﻴﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٨‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﺤﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٠‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٥‬؛ ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Yasser omar, The Scope of the Federal UAE E-Commerce Law: is it self‬‬
‫‪defea)ng?, Research presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic‬‬
‫"‪Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government‬‬
‫‪held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu‬‬
‫‪Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and organiza)on of‬‬
‫‪College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates‬‬
‫‪Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the first‬‬
‫‪volume,2009, p.9‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺸﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺤﺎﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻋﺒﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻋﻁﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺼﺹ "ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١‬‬

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‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ")‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺘﻜﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻬﺽ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻴﻭﻡ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺃﻭ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺯﻜﻲ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ – ﺩﺍﺭ ﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Yasser omar, Previous Reference, p.9‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻲ ﺨﻴﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ziad Maraqa, The Conficts between trademark and domain names In‬‬
‫‪Arab countries – a comparative study with the UK, Research‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺍﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﺍﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬

‫‪presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic Conference: "Electronic‬‬

‫‪Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government" held at Emirates Center‬‬
‫‪for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009,‬‬
‫‪under the supervision and organization of College of Law-United Arab‬‬
‫‪Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic‬‬
‫‪Research. Research of the first volume,2009, p.179‬‬
‫‪(1) Nolly Tamez, Saleh Al-Sharieh, Previous Reference, p.96‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤١‬؛‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ – ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ – ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٢‬ﺹ‪٩٣‬؛ ﻗﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻲ‪" ،‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻬﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺇﻁﻼﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺒﻜﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺘﻴﺵ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٤‬ﺹ‪.٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﺩﺍﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻴﺩﻱ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺘﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻤﻼﻥ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﺎﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺎﻓﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﻁ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻭﺃﺼﻭﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻝﺨﻀﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٧‬ﺹ‪.٨٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺩﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺒﺙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻔﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://ijnet.org/ar/stories/92212‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ١٤ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩:٥٥:١٣‬ﻡ؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺒﻜﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺇﺒﻼﻏﻬﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ "‪ ،"SMS‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﺘﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻤﺘﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﺎﻤﻲ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ‪-‬ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٥/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٦/٣‬ﻡ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻁﻼﻕ ﺃﻭل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل "ﺍﻨﺩﺭﻭﻴﺩ "‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻴﻔﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻠﻨﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻨﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺎﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﺸﻜل ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﺘﺎﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل "ﺃﻨﺩﺭﻭﻴﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺒﺎﻴل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل "‪،"IOS‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺤﺩ )‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬

‫ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪http://www.mtit.gov.ps/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl‬‬
‫‪e&id=761%3A2012-06-03-08-39-47&ca)d=1%3A2011-03-30-09-48-‬‬
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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺨﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ "‪ ،"SMS‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.egypt.gov.eg/arabic/General/Mobile.aspx‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٩:٠٧:٠١‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﻨﺕ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﺤﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﻴﺭ "‪."google‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺤﺼﺎﺌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﻺﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ‪ 1.021.481‬ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ‪ 27‬ﻫﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﻨﻘﺎل ﻝﻜل ‪ 100‬ﻓﺭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﻨﻘﺎل ‪ %63.5‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ‪٢٠٠٧-١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﻺﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭل‪-‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﻺﺤﺼﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻠﻭل‪-‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬

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‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺎﺭ ﻁﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻤﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺭ ‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٤‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻼﻤﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻘﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻷﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل‬
‫ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒل ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺭﺍﺩﻓﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻔﺎﹰ ﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺩﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻔﻘﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل" ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٤٢٨/٣/٨‬ﻫـ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺃﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺩﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻜل‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻺﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻴﺽ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻴﺱ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻫﻭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﺎﻫل ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻝﻶﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺨﻀﻭﻋﻪ ﻝﻠﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻌ ﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺘﻌﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻨﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٢٢‬‬

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‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴ‪‬ﻅﻬﺭ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻁﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻗﻭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﻷﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺘﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﺜل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻭﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺌﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻬﺘﻡ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺴﺭﺩ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ ﻭﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺠﺎﻤﻊ ﻤﺎﻨﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ "ﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻷﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺨﺭﺝ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺭﻤﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻨﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﱪ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﻨﺠﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻓﺼل ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺠﺎﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻀﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪.‬‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺩﺨﻭل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺒل ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻁﻪ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻴﺼﻼﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻷﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﺜﻕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻭﻡ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻴﺒﺴﻁ ﻨﻔﻭﺫﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻘﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﻥ ﺇﺫ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﻴﺭ ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ‪ ،Microsoft Word‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٥‬ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺤﺩﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬

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‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻤﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻪ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ‪ ،PDF‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺁﻝﻲ ﻤ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺨﺼﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒـ "ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭل ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻷﺠل ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ‪ START‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﻨﺩﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺘﺕ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻭﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺒﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎل ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺤﻘل ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻜﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٤‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺈﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺎﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻓﺼﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻓﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻪ ﺘﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺭﺩ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬

‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻭﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﻭﺍﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١١‬ﺹ‪.١١٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻨﺼﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺫﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻗﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺤل‬
‫ﻤﺤل ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻔﻴﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺹ ﻤﺸﻔﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Fatima Hassan, Electronic Document Protection by Using Copyright‬‬
‫‪Protection and Digital Signature, Research, Journal of Administration‬‬
‫‪and Economics, Al-Mustansyriah University, Iraq, No.93, 2012,p.46‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٩٠‬‬

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‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺓ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ ﻭﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺒﺭ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺇﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺭﺠل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺒﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺎﻗ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺁﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒل ﻜل ﺸﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺩﻴﻬﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]Ù^‰…ý^eç’Ϲ]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻨﻨﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬

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‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﻘﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﺴﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﺼﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼل ﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺴﺤﻪ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٦٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻨﻘﺼﺩﻩ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ﺒﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻭﺴﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﻔﻀل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﻡ ﻝﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﺔ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻤل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺼﻼﺤﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻷﻱ‬
‫ﺨﻠل ﻓﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺒﺙ ﺒﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻜﺭﺯ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٩‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٨٧‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٨٧‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬
‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺤﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ‬

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 ‫‪ VêÞæÓÖý]ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]Ù^‰…cíéËéÒV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺁﻝﻲ ﺃﻋﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻤﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ‬

‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻘل ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺨﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼﻔﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻤﻠﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺘﻪ ‪ %١٧.٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻴﻨﺠﺯﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻝﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻨﺠﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﻴل ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻨﺘﺼﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻪ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺒﻪ ﻭﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻜل ﻝﺤﻅﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٩‬ﺹ‪٢١٠‬‬

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‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻤﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩﺕ ﻤﻨﺫ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘــﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻋـﻼﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝـ ‪ ،"On Line‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒل ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻌﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺭﺴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺁﻝﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻴﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﺍﺌﺏ ﻭﻤﻤﻭﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺭﺍﻓﻘﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺇﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﺘﻤل ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻤﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻝﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻕ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻝﻜﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.٣٧٧ ،‬‬

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‫ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻭﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪>Web>gèçÖ]ívË‘V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﹸﺴﻤﻰ ﺒـ "ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻨﺕ ‪Net‬‬
‫‪ ،"page‬ﻭﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻭﺭﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺠﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ" ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://ar.wikipedia.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٢٧ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩:٢٢:١٥‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ(؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺠﻤﻴل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻲﺀ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻓﻊ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺠل ﺒﺈﺴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﺎﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﺨﺒﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﻤﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻭل ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻴﻁﺎﻝﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺸﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٧‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٣٥‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺵ )*(‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪ ،١٢‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺵ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻤﺯ ﻝﻪ ﺒـ )**(؛ ﺒﺭﻴــﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺴــﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪- Brian Fizgerlad, Rami Olwan, Previous Reference, p.149, P.150‬‬

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‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﻝﻠﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺃﺒﺕ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺠﻤﻴل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻗﺸﻘﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺭﺸﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ "ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.gpc.pna.ps/diwan/index.gpc‬‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.pwa.ps‬ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ (http://www.pla.pna.ps):‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪،(h7p://www.mena.gov.ps/default1.htm):‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺤﺭﺹ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺤﻭل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻷﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﺨل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ ،(http://www.mne.gov.ps/DesktopDefault.aspx?lng=2‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‪.(http://www.mot.gov.ps/default.aspx) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٢٧ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ ‪ ١٠:٥١:٤١‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.mcit.gov.eg/Ar‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ )‪ ،(http://www.idsc.gov.eg/default.aspx‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ )‪ ،(http://www.mfti.gov.eg/index.asp‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.egyptpost.org‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.cpa.gov.eg/index.htm‬‬
‫)‪.(http://www.mwri.gov.eg‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٢٧ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ ‪ ١١:٠٢:٢٧‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٧‬ﺹ‪.١٠٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺼﺩﺕ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻹﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺤﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻼﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻝﻭ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﺍﺌﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻗﺩ ﺘﺭﻏﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻀﻴﻴﻕ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬

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‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻤﻘﺘﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺇﻻ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻭﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪>Email>êÞæÓÖý]‚èÖ]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﻱ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺼﺹ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺭﻗﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٢‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻬﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻨﻀﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺘﺎﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺭﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻗل ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻝﻔﻜﺭﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٦‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢٢‬؛ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٠‬؛ ﻨﺸﻭﻯ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺇﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺒﺤﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻕ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻁﻭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻭﻀﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤-٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﺔ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺒﻜﺭ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥١‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺠﻬﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺭﻭﺴﺎﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﻝﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٣‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٥٥٨‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻀﻭﺍﻥ ﻫﻼل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻁﺎﻝﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﺠل‬
‫ﻤﻨﺤﻬﻡ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺯﻫﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ )ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ( ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﻨﺭﺍﺴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٤‬ﺹ‪٢١٥‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪- Mohammed Zaheeruddin, Evidentiary Value of Electronic‬‬
‫‪Transac)ons, Research presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic‬‬
‫"‪Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government‬‬
‫‪held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu‬‬
‫‪Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and organization of‬‬
‫‪College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates‬‬
‫‪Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the first‬‬
‫‪volume,2009, p.19,20‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺌل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ،٦١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠٠٣/٧/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ‪٢٠٠٤/٣/٢٢‬ﻡ(‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻜل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﺼﻭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺨﻭﺍﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺎﺩﺘﻬﺎ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﻠﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻝﻠﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫)ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ )ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻤل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻗﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﺹ‪١٤‬‬

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‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﺤﺭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻁﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﱪ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻘﺘﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒل ﺃﻀﻴﻔﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻭﻫﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺠﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻓﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ "ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ‪ ،"@4all‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ،Dubai Smart Gov.‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١١٨‬ﺃﻏﺴﻁﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Mohammed Zaheeruddin, Previous Reference, p.27‬‬

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‫ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻴﻌﻠﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﻡ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺇﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺇﺜﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٣٨‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻠﻭﻴﺢ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﻤﺘﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻤﺠﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻝﻠﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻗل ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ÙçÛ]Ìi^]íŞ‰]çeë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]]‚ÂcV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻭﻓﻕ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻴﺸﺒﻪ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻴﺴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﺹ‪١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﺎﺫ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺸﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻼ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.wd-tech.com/ar/the-many-benefits-and-advantages-of-‬‬
‫‪smartphones‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٨ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١١:٣٢:٠٧‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻹﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺇﺴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻝﻪ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺇﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﻕ ‪ ،(٢)PDF‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﺎﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻝﻠﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﻤ‪‬ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٤‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺩل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺯﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ÙçÛ]Ìi^]íÓfÂë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]Ù^‰…cV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬

‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻨﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺒﺩﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺨﺭﻭﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒـ "ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ"‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻴﻘﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻗل ﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻐﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﻴﺴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﺤﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬؛‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٩‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﺈﻥ‬

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‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺘﺼﻔﺤﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻻ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ‬‫ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻭﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻌﺭﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ "ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﺠل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ ÙçÛ]Ìi^]Ðè†àÂë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]Ù^fÏj‰cV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬

‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٩‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﻗﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﺩﺀ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺨل ﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﺠﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،٣٧٧ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Abu Bakar Munir, Siti Hajar Mohd. Yasin, ELECTRONIC COMMERCE‬‬
‫‪LEGAL FRAMEWORK: SOME LESSONS FROM MALAYSIA, Research‬‬
‫‪presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic Conference: "Electronic‬‬
‫‪Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government" held at Emirates Center‬‬
‫‪for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009,‬‬
‫‪under the supervision and organization of College of Law-United Arab‬‬
‫‪Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic‬‬
‫‪Research. Research of the first volume,2009, p.46‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﻭﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﻌﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﺨﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ "ﺏ" ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ "‪ "٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٤٣‬ﺹ‪٥٤٤‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺈﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ "‪ ،"LCD‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺜل ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ‪،Text‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺕ ‪ ،Sound‬ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ‪ ،Animated Images‬ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻴﻠﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻘﻁﻊ ﻓﻴﺩﻴﻭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻉ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ "ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ")‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺤﺼﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ‪ -‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﺤﻠﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗــﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨـﻭﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٨‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪" ١‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ "ﺩ" ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ "‪ "٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ "ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ" ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻭﻓﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪" ،(٢‬ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪ ،eastlaws‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- www.eastlaws.com‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ٢٩ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٥:٥٦:١٤‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﺤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﺤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﻘل ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻤﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻨﻘل ﻜل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻠﺼﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻬﻼﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻥ ﻭﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﺴﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻓﻀل‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻬﻤﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺠﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻔﺭﻀﻪ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺨﻁﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺤل ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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‫ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺤﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﺴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺃﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺤﺩﺜﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺘﺼﻠﺕ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺭﺤﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺒل ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺯﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﺍﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺩﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،٢٠١٣‬ﺹ‪٩٦‬؛ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺭﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ – ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬل ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٤٢٦ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨‬ﺹ‪١٩‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻼ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻼ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬؛ ﺩﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٦‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫"ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٥‬؛ ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٠‬؛ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻝﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠‬‬

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‫ﻴﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻴﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬؛ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺸﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﻲ ﻝﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﻭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﻼﺠﺌﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻨﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﻼﻏﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻲ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ "ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ "ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ "ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ")‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻤﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺘﺄﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪Sayed Maswood, The Concept and Legal Aspects of E governance:‬‬
‫‪The UNITED Arab Emirates, Perspective, Research presented to the‬‬
‫‪17th Annual Scientific Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E-‬‬
‫‪Commerce, E- Government" held at Emirates Center for Strategic‬‬
‫‪Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the‬‬
‫‪supervision and organization of College of Law-United Arab Emirates‬‬
‫‪Univesiy and the Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic Research.‬‬
‫‪Research of the first volume,2009, p.85‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ "ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻜﻼﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٨‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪" :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻫﻴﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪" :‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻜﻨﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺴﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻝﻠﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ ﻝﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ "ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻴﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻭﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
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‫ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻹﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻪ ﻝﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ "ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻡ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻴﺴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺤﺼﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻠﻘﻲ ﺒﺂﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻁﺎﻝﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﻩ ﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻴﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠ‪‬ﻬﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪Sayed Maswood, Previous Reference, p.85‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺠﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٩١‬ﺹ‪١٩٢‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‬
‫ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٧‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬

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‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺴﺘﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺒﺽ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﻭﺏ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺠﻭ ﻴﺴﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ‬

‫ﻼ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻹﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻔﺼﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ – ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪ ،٢٠١٣ -‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٠‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪١١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪Nolly Tamez, Saleh Al-Sharieh, Previous Reference, p.96‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻘﺩﺭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺠﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻁﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺘﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٥١‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪ ،(٣٦١‬ﺹ‪٣٤١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٣‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻏﻨﻲ ﺭﻴﺴﺎﻥ ﺠﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻋﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻫل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫‪Sayed Maswood, Previous Reference, p.85‬‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺸﺎﺌﻊ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺠﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٧‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺠﻬﺩ ﺒﺸﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺴﻴﻁ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺹ ﻭﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﺄﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺘﺕ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺴﺒﺒﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩ ﻫﻴﻜﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﺍﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫"ﺨﻼﺼﺎﺕ‪ -‬ﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺭﺠل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل"‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻑ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ "ﺸﻌﺎﻉ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ‪ -‬ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﻭل‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨‬ﺹ‪١٩‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﻴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩ ﻫﻴﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﻤﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ‪ e-HRM‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ – ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻓﺭﺹ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺒل ﻭﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺼﺭﺍﻉ ﺨﻔﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺴﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺯﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻁﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﺘﻜﺯﺍﺕ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺸﺎﺌﻊ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٧‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪íéÞæÓÖý]ì…]ý]Ý^¿Þ±cÙ^ÏjÞý]l^fתjÚV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭل ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻜﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻑ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﻷﺠل ﺘﺯﻴﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﻁﺒﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒل ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺉ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺘﻨﺒﻲ ﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﺯﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٠‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٠‬‬

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‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺍﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٠‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٢٤‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٣-٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬؛ ﻜﻠﺜﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻗﺩ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺩﺨ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺒﺭﻜﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٣‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻋل ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪٢٠١٠-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺴﺔ‬
‫"ﺒﻨﻴﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٢‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥١‬ﺹ‪٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٧٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٧‬ﺹ‪٤٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬؛‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﻡ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﻊ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺨﻠل ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻁﺭﺃ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻠل ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺘﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻭﻥ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺼﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﻴﻬﺩﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺸﻴﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻥﹴ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٦‬‬

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‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻤﺜﻠﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻝﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼل ﻭﻨﻘل ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪íéÞæÓÖý]ì…]ý]Ý^¿Þ±cÙ^ÏjÞý]¼e]ç•V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻝﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﺯﺌﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺒﺎﻙ ﻭﺘﺸﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﻀﻰ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٠‬؛ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩١‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٩‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٣‬؛ ﺭﺍﻓﻴﻕ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺭﺴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ‪٢٠١١-٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل‬
‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ‪ :‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻔﺼل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻜﺒﺭﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﺎﺘﻡ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٢٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٦٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻜل‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺭﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺴﺎﺌﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻔﻠﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺨﺘﺭﻗﻲ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺩﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٤٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻵﻤﺎل ﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩﺓ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻱﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺠﻌﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺃﺭﺽ ﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻷﺠل‬
‫ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﺈﻤﺘﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺠﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٠‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﺩﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺴﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺼﻴﺏ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺒﻨﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﻷﺠل ﺭﺴﻡ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤ‪‬ﻬﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺯﻭﺍل ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻌﺭﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻠﻭﻴﺢ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬؛ ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻘﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻁﻌﺕ ﺸﻭﻁ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻭﻜﻨﺩﺍ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻪ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺄﻫل ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﻌﺯﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻭل ﻨﺤﻭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻹﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺒﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻭل ﻨﺤﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺠﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٩‬‬
‫‪(3) Nolly Tamez, Saleh Al-Sharieh, Previous Reference, p.96‬‬

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‫ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺨﻤﺱ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪ °ŞŠ×Ê»íéÞæÓÖý]ì…]ý]Ý^¿ßÖêÃ膎jÖ]Üé¿ßjÖ]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺠﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺒﻘﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﻝﻲ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﻴﺎﻻ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ -١٨٩‬ﺹ‪ ،(٢٢٧‬ﺹ‪١٩٠‬‬

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‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (E-PALESTINE‬ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ( ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﺕ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﻼﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻝﻤﺯﺍﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻏﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺯﺍﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺫﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻹﺭﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٣/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٦/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٨/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪(http://eportal.gov.ps):‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٢ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٧:٢٠:١٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺸﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﻏﺭﻴﺏ ﺸﻠﻘﺎﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺩﺸﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﺨﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻝﺠﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻡ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘــــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻌﺭﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ)‪ .(٣‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.(http://www.gcc.gov.ps) :‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ )‪ ،(http://www.mtit.gov.ps‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.mohe.ps‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.mosa.ps‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ )‪،(http://www.moa.gov.ps‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺴﻜﺎﻥ )‪ ،(http://www.mpwh.ps‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.mne.ps‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.mot.ps‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺜﺎﺭ )‪.(http://www.mota.ps‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺯﻨﺎﺭ"‪ - "zinnar‬ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ‪The -‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫‪ Palestinian Interoperability Framework‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://zinnar.pna.ps/E-Government/legalCommittee‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٢ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ ‪٨:٣٠:٣٥‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ íéÞæÓÖý]løÚ^ù]áçÞ^ÎÅ憎ÚÝ^Óuùì…]ý]Åç–}Ñ^ŞÞ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺼﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻋﺭﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﻠﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ")‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻁﻠﻕ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﺔ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻤﺭ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺎﻫﺽ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺫ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﻴﺭ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻜﺸﻙ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫"ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﺘﻔﻘﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺹ ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻩ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‬

‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺒﻨﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺯﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺒﺨﻴﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪-‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺒﻭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻨﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺯﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻝﻔﻅ "ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ" ﺒﺩ ﹰﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺸﺌﻭﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻻ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٩‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ ،(١‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٧‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻗﺒﻭل ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﻓﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٦‬ﺹ‪٨٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﻨﺤﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﺼﺢ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪†’Ú íè…ç㶠» íéÞæÓÖý] ì…]ý] Ý^¿ßÖ êÃ膎jÖ] Üé¿ßjÖ] V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫]‪ íée†ÃÖ‬‬
‫ﺃﺒﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺦ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺒﻁﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٠‬ﺹ‪٤١‬؛ ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٣‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل – ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٠‬ﺹ‪٤١‬؛ ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧‬ﺹ‪٣٨‬‬

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‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺫﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﺘﺠﻬﺘﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺒل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ "ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻝﻜل ﺒﻴﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﺒﻴﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٥٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- www.egypt.gov.eg‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٢ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ ١١:٥٢:١٢‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ "ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ ﻝﻠﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٣-١٢-١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺨﻁﺔ ﻗﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﺴﻭﻕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://loghatalasr.ahram.org.eg‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ١٣ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ ‪١:٤٥:١٣‬‬
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‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺴﻠﻔﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻁ ﺜﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻓﺎﺘﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪) ،١٧‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ٢٢‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥ ،٤ ،٣‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٤٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﻲ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٦٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ)‪.(٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٥/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪) ،١١٥‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٥/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪www.mof.gov.eg/Arabic/Pages/Home.aspx‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ١٣ :‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٢:٢٢:٥٢‬ﺹ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠١‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻫﻭ‪ ،www.etenders.gov.eg :‬ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬

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‫‪äjvñ÷æ 높¹] êÞæÓÖý] ÄéÎçjÖ] áçÞ^Î Ý^Óuù ì…]ý] Åç–} Ñ^ŞÞ -‬‬
‫]‪ íè„éËßjÖ‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺌﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﻴﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻴﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﻫـ( ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺠـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ ﻭﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻴﻕ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺼﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﺭﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺼﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٦‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﱰﺍﻑ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺯﺍل ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻻﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﺤﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻭﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻋل ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٤٨‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬

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‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭﻫﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬

‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٩٠‬؛ ﻜﻠﺜﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٧‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬؛ ﻋﺯﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٩٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٣‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٧‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺭ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺎﺸﻰ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻜل‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﻀﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻨﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﻤﺭ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺘﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒل ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻤل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﻐﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻹﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٨٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٥‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﺓ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻭﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﻕ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤل ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﻁﺎﻫﺎ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٩٠‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻌل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻁﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺤﺎﺫﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺒﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺒ‪‬ﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻓﻊ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺤﻭل ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﻯ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺈﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﻋﻠﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺇﻋﺘﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺴﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻜﻜل‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬

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 ‫‪ Vê×è^Úë_†Ö]]„âá`Žeä¿v×Þ^ºæ‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻷﻱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻨﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٩‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤١٢‬ﺹ‪٤١٣‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٢٨‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٧٨‬ﺹ‪٥١٩‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٥‬ﺹ‪١٧٦‬؛‬
‫ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻁﻼل ﻓﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬؛ ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻫﺩﻴﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻴﺅﻜﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻴﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺭﺹ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻴﺴﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺇﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﺎﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٨٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٦‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٧‬‬

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 ‫‪ V”^¤]^ßè_… -‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻎ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻓﺽ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻝﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻀﻌﻴﻑ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﺘﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻹﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺭﻗﻠﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻀﻭﺝ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٠‬ﺹ‪٧١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٨‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺄﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺢ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﺨﻁﺄﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﻡ ﻝﻤﺩﻝﻭل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﺎﻗﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺩﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻷﺼﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺒﺘﻪ ﺒﻔﻌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻴﻘﺼﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻓﻀﻬﻡ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻗﻭل ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺎﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻠ ﹴﻎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻝﻸﻓﻀل)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻼﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٧٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﺹ‪٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻴﻠﺕ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٥‬ﻭﻤﺎﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻴﺴﻭﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻠﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﻻﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻗل ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻴل ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺽ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤ‪‬ﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺃﺭﺽ ﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺠﻤﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١‬؛ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٦‬؛ ﻨﺎﺠﺢ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٥‬؛ ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٠‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﹸﻌﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٨‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻋل ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝـ ﹺﻭّﺏ ﻝﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل "‪ – "WEB‬ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ – ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪١٤٢٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٤٢١/‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٠ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻠﻘﻲ ﺒﻅﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎء ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎء ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻀﻊ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻨﺎﺠﺢ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺩﺨ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺸﻜﻭﻙ ﺘﻬﺩﺩ ﺒﻘﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﻻﺌل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻼﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺒﺭﺍ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤١٧‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٧٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺱ‬
‫ﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺭﻀﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﻭﺍل)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩل)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺨﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٠٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨١‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٠‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٨‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬؛ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻀﻭﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺸﺒﺎﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻁﻴﺩ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺤﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻭﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻑ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺒﺄﻥ )ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ(‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻴﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺜﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻤﻴﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻻﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﻀﻊ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٣/٢١‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٤٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻫﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺃﻤﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﺎﺴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻤﻔﺎﻀﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﺴﻨﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺭﺭ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻪ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﺌﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺠﺘﺎﺯ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻫﻠﻪ ﻝﻼﻝﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺴﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﺎﺌﻠﺘﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﺫ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻀﻌﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﺎﻗﺩﹰﺍ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻬﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٤٦٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‬
‫‪-٢٠٠٧‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺁﻤﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻝﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺸﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺭﺭ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺎﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻋﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ – ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﻤﺨﻠﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﻴﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺠﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻋﻭﺍﺒﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤-٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٤‬؛ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٥‬؛ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ‪٣‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺸﻜﻠﺕ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃﻱ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٥/٢٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺫﻻﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‬
‫‪١٤٣١/٢/٩‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٥٩٤٩‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://www.aleqt.com/2010/01/24/ar)cle_338427.html‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‪ ١٤ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٠:٤٩:٥٩‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪١٤٣٠-١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻴﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٥‬ﺹ‪١٤٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻐﻠﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍ‬

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‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻤﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺘﺩﺭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﻭﺩ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻝﻴﻔﺤﺹ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٠‬ﺹ‪ ،٤١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﻠﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺴﻤﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺸﺒﻨﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻤﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺠﻴﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺒﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦‬ﻓﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١‬ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻋﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻴﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٥‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻀﻭﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﺍﻨﻊ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﺩﺍ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻨﺎ ﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺤﺭﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﻜﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٥‬ﺹ‪،١٠٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨١‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٦‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٨٩‬ﺹ‪٩٠‬؛ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺧﻀﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻔﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﻀﻴﻪ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺘﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻨﻀﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺠﻌل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻋل ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٦ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٩٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٧‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪١٩٦٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٩‬ﺹ‪٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٤‬ﺹ‪٨٥‬‬

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 ‫ﻼ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺅﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﺼ ﹰ‬
‫ﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬ ‫ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﻌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤ‪‬ﺭﺘﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﺎﻁ ﺒﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻬﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ "ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ" ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٧٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٨‬‬

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‫ﻼ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﹰﺎ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻁ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺭﺍﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﺍ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﻭﻀﺎﻋﻬﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻨﻘﺎﺵ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻝﻜل ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨١‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻻﺋﻞ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺒل ﻝﺠﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺠﺩل ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺽ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻜﻔﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻻﺌل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺼﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﻀﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺎﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ íÚ^ÃÖ]ä’ñ^’}æë…]ý]áçÞ^ÏÖ]íéi]ƒV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻨﻌﻬﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﻝﻴﻠﻭ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻤﺎﺭﻙ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﺱ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣١‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٦٩-١٩٦٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺼﻼﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺴﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬

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‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺘﺘﻘﺒل ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٥٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١١‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٠‬ﺹ‪٧١‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٨‬؛ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺱ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻯ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤل ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬

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‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻜﻭﻙ ﺘﺜﺎﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻠل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻓﺭﻀﻪ‬

‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻔﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٤‬؛ ﻤﻨﻘﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٥‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦١‬‬

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‫ﻝﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ ﻴﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻥ ﻜل ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻠﻕ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﻭﺫ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺨﺘﺭﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺭﺏ ﻤﺜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﻠﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺇﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]ØÛÃÖ]oè‚€hçqæV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪‬ﻤﺘﺠﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻝﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﻱ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺼﻑ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٩‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺭﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺫﻜﺭﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬

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‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل)‪ ،(٢‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺩ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻨﺩﺭﺝ ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻻ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢-٢١‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺩﻴﻤﻨﻴﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ‪ -‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻤﺨﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﺎﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺤﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺒﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﻤﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻩ‪٢٠٠٨ - ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﺭﻴﺞ ﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﻴل ﻋﺎﻤﺭ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ‬

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‫ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﺭﺍﻓﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻅﻤﺔ ﻓﻭﺍﺌﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ íÚ^ÃÖ]ív×’¹]l]…^fjÂcV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻋﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٠‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩﺓ ‪ -‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﺒﺔ ﺴﻭﺴﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺸﺘﺎﺀ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪Rizgar Mohammed Kadir, Combating Criminal Activities Theatening‬‬
‫‪Electronic Commerce, Research presented to the 17th Annual‬‬
‫‪Scientific Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce, E-‬‬
‫‪Government" held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and‬‬
‫‪Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and‬‬
‫‪organization of College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the‬‬
‫‪Emirates Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the‬‬
‫‪first volume,2009, p.207‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٩‬ﺹ‪٤٠‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٤‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬‬

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‫ﻤﻌﻬﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻬﻤﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻔﺎﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺼﻪ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﺕ ﻭﺼل ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻼ ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٨-١٩٦٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٦٤-١٩٦٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﺠﻠﻭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﻴﺎﺴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﺠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺒﻥ ﻝﻁﻴﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﻭﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٩٢‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺭﻀﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻔﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‪١٣٤٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٢٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻴﺭ ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﺴﻡ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻌﺴﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻠﻊ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻪ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻗﺒل ﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻜﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺴـﺭﺤﺎﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺩﺍﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺠـﻪ ﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﻴﺭ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻜﺸﻙ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٦‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻀـﻲ ﺃﻨﻴﺱ ﻓﻴﺼل‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻝـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨـﻭﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀـﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ‪٢٠١٠-٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥١‬؛ ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪-‬ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻓﺎﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩‬‬

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‫ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻗﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺤﺴﻨ ﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴﺴﻬل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺯﺯ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﻴﻥ)‪.(٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺠﻌل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻜﻤﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٤٢٨ -‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٨‬ﺹ‪١٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﻄﺎء ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭل ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻫﺘﻡ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﻀﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻭﺘﹸﻨﻔﺫ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ‪ ،‬ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻫﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﻪ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﺭﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝﻭﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺒﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ "ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻨﺒـﺎل ﺇﺩﻝـﺒﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺒﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻔﻴﺯ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ١٥-١٤ ،‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪http://www.escwa.un.org/information/meetingdetailsAR.asp?refere‬‬
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‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﺩ‪ ١٩ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ ‪ ٨:٤٠:٤١‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﻅﻴﺕ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠـﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴــﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤــﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻁــﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﺌل ﺃﻨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٩٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٤٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺩﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ "ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ" ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺭ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻝﺤﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺩﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pierre Sirinelli, La responsabilite des prestataires de I`exemple des‬‬
‫‪sites contribu)fs, Research presented to the 17th Annual Scientific‬‬
‫"‪Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government‬‬
‫‪held at Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu‬‬
‫‪Dhabi, May 19-20, 2009, under the supervision and organiza)on of‬‬
‫‪College of Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates‬‬
‫‪Centre for Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the first‬‬
‫‪volume,2009, p.113, p.114‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﻋﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒـ "‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺴﻘﻁ – ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ٤-٢‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪" ،‬ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻏﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﺩﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨/١١/٤-٢ ،‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪٢٠٠٧/١١/١٤-١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻭﺍ ﻝﻔﻅ "ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ" ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ "ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻔﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒل ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻻ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻅﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺩﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٤٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ‬
‫ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤل ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٩‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٢‬‬

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 ‫‪ ƒ^ËßÖ]íÃÎ]çÖíéñ]†qý]íéÂ憎¹]xßÚ»^â…ææíéÞæÓÖý]°Þ]çÏÖ] -‬‬
‫ﺭﻜﺯﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻤﺤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻﺤﻅﻨﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻹﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻫﻭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺯﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻜل ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻴﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺤﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺠﻡ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺤﻴﺯﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٧٨‬ﺹ‪٥١٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤١٢‬ﺹ‪٤١٣‬؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛‬
‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧٥‬ﺹ‪١٧٦‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﻨﺎﺅﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺼﻔﺭ‬
‫‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٩‬ﺹ‪١٥٠‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻤﻠﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬

‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﹸﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺘﻜﺘﻤل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻴﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺇﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫"ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﻭﺠﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺒﻠﻭﻍ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﻝﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬

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390
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺃﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺒﻠﻭﻏﻪ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻤﺘﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺤل ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪äÏËÖ]ÌÎçÚV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺫﻫﺏ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻻﺤﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ÄéÎçjÖ]í膿Þ…^’Þ_VÙæù]ë_†Ö] -‬‬
‫ﺫﻫﺏ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻲ ﻭﺩﺨﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤ‪‬ﻜﺘﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻨﺩﻤﺠﺎﻥ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻓﺼﻠﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﻭﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٥‬ﺹ‪١٦٦‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٤١٧ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٩٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻐﻔل ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺅﻜﺩﻭﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﻬﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻻﺤﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺒل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺒﺈﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢١‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ V»ØnÛjisñ^jßÖ]àÚí׶Ðe^ŠÖ]ë_†Ö^e„}ù]î×Âgièæ -‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻷﻥ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻝﺤﻅﻪ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٣٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،،‬ﺹ‪٦٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺸﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻜﺘﺴﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠل ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺸﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺼﺩﺭﻭﻩ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻬﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻻ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭﻩ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻬﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ D…]†ÏÖ^eÜ×ÃÖ]E†ãŽÖ]í膿Þ…^’Þ_VêÞ^nÖ]ë_†Ö] -‬‬
‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺸﻬﺭﻩ ﻻ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺅﻜﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤ‪‬ﻜﺘﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺃﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢‬ﺹ‪١٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٣‬ﺹ‪٤٤‬‬

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‫ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻬﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻗﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻭ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺄﻜﻤﻠﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻴﻬﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﺘﻔﺎﻗﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﺨﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﻬﺭﻩ ﻻ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﺹ‪١٨‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬‬

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‫ﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﺃﺱ ﻤﻨﺘﻘﺩﻴﻪ ﻴﻘﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻗﺎﺌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻭل ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻬﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻬﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ V”^¤]^ßè_… -‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺠﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩﻭﺍ ﻷﺴﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻴﺯﻭﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺃﻏﻔﻠﻭﺍ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻤل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ ﻴﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻝﻪ ﺼﺩﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻨﻌﻤﻡ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٤‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬؛ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٢‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪١٩٧٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬

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 ‫‪ð^–ÏÖ]ÌÎçÚV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻲ ﻭﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻩ ﻤﺤﻘﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞçÞ^ÏÖ]çqçÖ]á`Že높¹]íÖæ‚Ö]‹×¥ÌÎçÚ JM‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎﻕ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻻ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬

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‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻨﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺘﺘﻡ ﻭﺘﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩﺌﺫ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺅﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻻﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺘﺢ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٢/١٢/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣١‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٣‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛‬
‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺒﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٨٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٨/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺭﺃ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﺎﺠﻪ ﻷﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻷﺼل ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻻﺤﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﻩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺯﻥ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺭﺃ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٥/١١/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺠﺎﺌﺯﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﺼﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺒﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﻤﺄﺫﻭﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻴﻠﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻌﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﺒﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٤٢٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٧/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ "ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٩٢‬ﺹ‪١٣٩٣‬‬

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‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞçÞ^ÏÖ]çqçÖ]á`Že^é×ÃÖ]Ù‚ÃÖ]íÛÓ¦ÌÎçÚ JN‬‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻤﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﺩﺕ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ "ﺒﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ" ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻗﻰ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﻥ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻭﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٥٠٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل "ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪-‬‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ١٩٩٩/٥/٦‬ﺃﺭﺴل ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻔﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻝﺘﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺠﺔ "‪ ،"c‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺸﺭ ﺴﻴﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺅﻫﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ‪٢٠٠٢/٩/١‬ﻡ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﻕ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﺴﺎﻝﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﺨﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬

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‫ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻷﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎل‪،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺸﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﻘﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻠﻑ ﻭﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٥/٢٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٨/١١٦٣٦‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻩ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺫ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺭﻗﻡ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﺼﻔﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻏﺎﻤﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٣/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺁﻨﻔﹰﺎ ﺭﺍﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻜﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻋﺯ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﻐﺩﻭ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﻪ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻌﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺠﻤل ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻷﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻝﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﻀﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺯﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺯﻝﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺫﺕ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺃﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻐﺩﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺤﺭﻤﺎﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/١١/٥‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺜﹸﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻐﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٤/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﻀﺭﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻬﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻘﺭ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻡ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﻻل‬
‫ﻼ‬‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻘل ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﻝﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﻁﺄﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٤/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻐﺎﻝﻁﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ‬
‫ﺴﻜﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺴﺘﺩل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﺘﺴﺘﺩل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻡ ﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻑ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻬﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻑ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺩل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺭﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﺃﻡ ﺒﺎﺸﻬﺎﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ Vë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞçÞ^ÏÖ]çqçÖ]Ðéπ»êÞæÓÖ÷]ÄéÎçjÖ]…æ JM‬‬
‫ﺤﻅﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‬

‫"ﻭ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻪ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ "ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﻡ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺯﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻨﹸﻅﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ")‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺸﻜل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٤‬؛ ﻋﺎﺩل ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﻭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﻭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

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‫ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﺘﻔﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﻭﺇﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ "ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﻭﺘﻨﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺼﺩﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺜﻘﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺠـ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ‪ -‬ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﻩ‪ -‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺼﻼﺡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٢ ،٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛‬
‫ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٧‬ﻋﺎﺩل‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﻭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣‬‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻔﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﻁ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻼﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﻝﻪ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺤﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻻﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻝﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‪١٤٣٤/٣/٤ ،‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﻨﻬﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪) ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻨﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٨‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٥٦‬ﺹ‪١٤٣‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬‬

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‫ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻹﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻬﺭﺒﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻼﺯﻡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٨٤‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬؛ ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٨‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬؛ ﻭﺠﺩﻱ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻨﻴﺴﺘﺭﺍل ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻘﺩ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺨﻴﺹ ﻝﻠﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﺘﺩ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٨‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٨٤‬؛ ﻭﺠﺩﻱ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺎﻅﻡ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺘﺠﻬﺕ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﻤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻀﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﻌﺩ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﻁﻭﻁﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺎﻥ ﻷﺠل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻗﺒﻭل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٢‬ﺹ‪٧٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٨٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٨٣‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺅﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ "ﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻔﻭﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻐﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻭﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻹﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺴﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻻﺤﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺎﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻔﻅ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ "ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ" ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻺﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺼﻭﺩﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﺘﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﺜﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﺨﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻝﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺘﺠﺯﺃ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺩ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺤﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﻋﺩ ﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻝﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨‬؛ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻨﺯﺍل ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٤‬؛ ﻨﺎﺌل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠٢‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻝﻪ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣٥‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻝﻺﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ(‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺤﻴل‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪(١)ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞçÞ^ÏÖ]çqçÖ]ÐéÏvjÖêÞæÓÖý]†ãŽÖ]݈×èØâ JN‬؟‪ .‬‬
‫ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺎﹰ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﻭﺍ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺃﻡ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺠﺢ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬

‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﺴﻭﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٤‬؛ ﺭﻨﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻁل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻫل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺤﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﻝﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺠﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﻨﺩﻤﺎﺠﻬﺎ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻬﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﻔﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺘﺎﺤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻋﺭﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻐﻴﺏ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ ﻷﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ ﻭﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﺸﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﻡ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺸﻬﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﱄ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻨﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﺘﻪ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛‬
‫ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨‬؛‬
‫ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﻭﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬‬

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‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺌﺏ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺜﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻤﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﻭﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻜﺄﺜﺭ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺯﺓ ﺤﺎﺯﻡ ﺯﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩ ﺼﻔﺎﺀ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺫﻜﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ٢٦-٢٣ ،‬ﻨﻴﺴﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠٦‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﻭ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ " ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻱ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٤٢٩/٤/٢٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺸﻜﻜﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺩﺍﻨﻪ ﻝﻠﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬

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‫ﺁﻝﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺒﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻝﺴﻨﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻴﺠﺎﺯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١١‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﻓﺌﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺤﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻗﺩﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﺼﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﺸﻨﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﺔ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٣١‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﻭل‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٩‬ﺹ‪٣٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺎﺡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٣‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻔﺎﻨﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺯﻜﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٠٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٠٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺃﻋﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺌﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﻤﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻻﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٣‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻭﺍﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺛﺮ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺭﻭﺤﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺘﺠﺎﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬

‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٤‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٧٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٧٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٠٩‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٧‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬

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‫ﺃﻀﻴﻕ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻌﻠﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺯﻭل ﺴﺒﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻥ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺤﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻝﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﻘﺘﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻌﻠﻤﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٧١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٧٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٧‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬‬

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‫ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺴﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻬﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﻤل ﻭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭﺕ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺤﺎﻝﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﺠﺎﺤﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺘﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٣٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٤‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪١٩٤ ،‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣٠‬‬

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‫ﺜﹸﺒﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻜﻤﺘﺎل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﹰﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٧٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٠٩‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٦‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٢٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﻧﻔﺎﺫﻩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻻﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﻝﺘﻌﺎﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻑ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻭﺍﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٥٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٨٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺭﺩﻱ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ ﻴﻤﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻀﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﻤﺤﺕ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٢٢٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٦٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨٩‬ﺹ‪١٩٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٢٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺜﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺕ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺠﻌﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٧٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/١١/٢٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻘﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻼﻤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺠﻌل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺭﻫﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٩٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٧‬‬

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‫ﻨﺹ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺠﻴﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻭﻀﻪ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺯﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩﻩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻜل ﺃﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻐﻰ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﺓ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩﻭﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﻡ ﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻭﻴﺽ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺭﺠﻌﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٧٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٢٠٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٧‬ﺹ‪٢٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٧٢‬ﺹ‪٥٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٧٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢١٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٨‬ﺹ‪٢٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٢١‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٧٨‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻐﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺼﻭل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﺼﻠﺢ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﺴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻝﻸﺼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻝﻭ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺁﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻔﺼﻠﻪ ﺜﻡ ﻗﻀﻲ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺁﻝﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٣٨‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٨٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨٠‬ﺹ‪١٨١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺁﻝﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻲ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻪ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺃﻱ ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﻯ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺤﺏ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺴﺎﺤﺒﹰﺎ ﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻭﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﺎﺴﺨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺤﻠﻭل ﺃﺠل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٠‬‬

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‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻘﻴﺽ ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺄﺠﻴل ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺠل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻴﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻐﻴﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺒل ﺤﻠﻭل ﺃﺠل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺍﺌﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﺒﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺃﺠل ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺍﻨﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١١٢‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦١٠‬ﺹ‪٦١١‬؛ ﺯﻜﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦١٢‬ﺹ‪٦١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٦١٦‬ﺹ‪٦١٧‬؛ ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻥ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻘﺼﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ ﻭﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻗﻑ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﺴﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺽ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻵﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺃﺠل ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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436
 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻼﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺩﻻﺌل‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٥‬؛ ﻭﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٦٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪٢‬؛ ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺏ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٥‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸـﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸـﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻌﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻝﻸﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺨﻁﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻴﺼﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺒﻅﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺴﻌﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫل ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻭﻋﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺜﻼﺙ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻷﻫﻡ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻼﺯﻡ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ‬‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ VíÚ^ÃÖ]äi…ç‘»êÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ^eç’Ϲ]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻤﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫)ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺠﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻪ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻭﻨﻘل ﻭﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﺨﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻹﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼل ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻐﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺠﺏ ‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﻭﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻏﻨﻴﻡ ﻭﺃﻤل ﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ )‪١٩٩٩-١٩٩٠‬ﻡ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻴﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ٧‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫‪ ،٢‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺸﺎﻫﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪- ،‬‬
‫ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪-٢٥ ،‬‬
‫‪ ٢٦‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬

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‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﻌﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻔﻭﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺸﻴﻭﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗل ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻴﻭﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﺒل‬
‫ﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﻴﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٦‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧١‬ﺹ‪٢٧٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻺﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﺼﻴل ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ ﺹ‪ ٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺘﻐﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٢٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٢‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٦‬ﺹ‪٢٧٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺘﻐﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣١‬ﺹ‪٣٢‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٤‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٥‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻜﺏ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺴﻲﺀ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻓﻲ ﻝﻶﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pierre Sirinelli, Previous Reference, p.110‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻅﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﻜﺭﺯ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]†Žßeç’Ϲ]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﹶﻨ ﹶ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﹶﻨﺸﹾﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋل ﻨﺎﺸ‪‬ﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ‪‬ﻤﻨﹾﺸﻭﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺏ ﺃﻱ ﺒﺴﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻁﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺫﺍﻋﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺭﻗﻪ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﻱ ﻓﺭﻗﻬﻡ ﻭﻭﺯﻋﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻏﻨﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻭ ﺠﻴﺸﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻴل ﺃﺠﻨﺤﺘﻪ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻗﺒل ﻭﺤلﱠ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻱ ﻁﺒﻌﻪ ﻭﻭﺯﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻴﻘﺎل ﻝﻠﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ)‪،(٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(٨٥‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٢١١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺨﺸﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٦‬؛ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٤٤٢٤‬ﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(؛ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧١‬‬
‫)ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(؛ ﺒﻁﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٨٩٣‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻝﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢١١‬؛ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ٩٢١‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻥ(‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺸﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﺼ‪‬ﻼ ﹸﺓ ﻓﹶﺎﻨ ﹶﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻀ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ) ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹸﻗ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ()‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ل ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺫﹾ ﹸﻜﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﹶﻜﺜ‪‬ﻴﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﱠﻝ ‪‬ﻌﱠﻠ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬ﹸﺘﻔﹾ‪‬ﻠﺤ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺽ ﻭ‪‬ﺍﺒ‪ ‬ﹶﺘﻐﹸﻭﺍ ‪‬ﻤﻥ ﹶﻓﻀ‪ِ ‬‬
‫ﻷﺭ‪ ‬ﹺ‬
‫ﺍَ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺼﻁﻼﺡ ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﺸﺭﻋﺔ)‪،(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋــﺯ ﻤﺤـﻤـﺩ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺤـﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٤‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﺨﻠﹸﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻭ ﹶ‬
‫ﻥ ﺁ ‪‬ﻤﻨﹸﻭﺍ ﻻ ﹶﺘﺩ‪ ‬ﹸ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ )ﻴ‪‬ﺎ َﺃ‪‬ﻴﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﱠﻝﺫ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁ ‪‬ﻌﻤ‪‬ﹸﺘﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﹸﻭﺍ ﹶﻓِﺈﺫﹶﺍ ﹶ‬
‫ﻥ ِﺇﻨﹶﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ‪‬ﻭﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻜﻥ‪ِ ‬ﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬ﺩﻋ‪‬ﻴﹸﺘﻡ‪ ‬ﻓﹶﺎﺩ‪ ‬ﹸ‬
‫ﻅﺭﹺﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻏﻴ‪ ‬ﺭ ﻨﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻁﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﹴﻡ ﹶ‬
‫ﻥ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ِ ‬ﺇﻝﹶﻰ ﹶ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃَﻥ ‪‬ﻴﺅْ ﹶﺫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ ِﺇ ﱠ‬
‫ﺍﻝﱠﻨ ﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ ﹶﻓ‪‬ﻴﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﺘﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻲ ﻤ‪‬ﻨ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻥ ‪‬ﻴﺅْﺫ‪‬ﻱ ﺍﻝﱠﻨ ﹺﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﹶﺫِﻝ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬ﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ِﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺩ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ِﻝ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺭ‪‬ﻭﺍ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ‪‬ﻤﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﺘﺄْ ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻓﹶﺎﻨ ﹶﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹶﺫِﻝ ﹸﻜﻡ‪َ ‬ﺃﻁﹾ ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺭ ِﻝ ﹸﻘﻠﹸﻭ ﹺﺒ ﹸﻜﻡ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﺠ‪‬ﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍﺀ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ‪‬ﻤﺘﹶﺎﻋ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﺴ‪َ‬ﺄﻝﹸﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴَﺄﻝﹾﹸﺘﻤ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻫ ‪‬‬
‫ﻕ ‪‬ﻭِﺇﺫﹶﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺤﱢ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻴﺴ‪ ‬ﹶﺘﺤ‪‬ﻴ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻥ ‪‬ﺒﻌ‪ ‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻩ َﺃ ‪‬ﺒﺩ‪‬ﺍ ِﺇ ‪‬‬
‫ل ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻭ‪‬ﻻ ﺃَﻥ ﺘﹶﻨ ‪‬ﻜﺤ‪‬ﻭﺍ َﺃﺯ‪‬ﻭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﹶﻝ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬ﺃَﻥ ﹸﺘﺅْﺫﹸﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺭﺴ‪‬ﻭ َ‬
‫ﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫‪‬ﻭ ﹸﻗﻠﹸﻭ ﹺﺒ ﹺﻬ ‪‬‬
‫ﻅﻴﻤ‪‬ﺎ( ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺁﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٥٣‬‬
‫ﻋ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﻨ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﹶﺫِﻝ ﹸﻜﻡ‪ ‬ﻜﹶﺎ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺯﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪http://www.holyquran.net/cgi-‬‬
‫‪bin/almizan.pl?ch=62&vr=10&sp=0&sv=10‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٠:٥١:١٩‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻓﺎﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻹﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺒﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻴﻐﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٠‬ﺹ‪١٠١‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٧‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬؛ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٠‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٢‬؛ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٠‬ﺹ‪٢٢١‬‬

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‫ﺃﻡ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ )‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ )‪.(٤‬‬

‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﻏﺏ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٩٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٥/٦‬ﻡ )ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ(‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ -١‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻴل ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﺯ ﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻝﻠﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ -٢ .‬ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻬﻭل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ" ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻁﻼﻉ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ"‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ "ﺇﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻨﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﺒﻪ")‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﺘﻨﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﻫﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺩﺨل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﺨل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل –‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦١٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬؛‬
‫ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٢٥‬؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٦‬؛ ﻭﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤١‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٩‬‬

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‫ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻭﻤﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻔﻅ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ"‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ^eç’Ϲ]V^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﹰﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻔﻁﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺘﻪ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺠﺯﺌﻴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻔﻁﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٣٦‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٧‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٩‬ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬؛ ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٧‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻹﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻸ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻪ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺴﻌﻰ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻨﻘل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٨١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٠‬ﺹ‪٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ "ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٩‬ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٧‬‬

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‫ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﻠﻘﺎﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤل ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل‬
‫ﻭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﺩﻝﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٧‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٥٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٨‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻷﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ " ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎﻝﻜﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺯﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻘل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻼﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﻝﻺﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٨٥‬ﺹ‪٢٦٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺩﺍﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺇﻋﺘﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻁﻭﻴل)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﺔ ﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺎﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﺤﺼل ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ‪ ،IANA‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣‬‬

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‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﻷﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻘل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺨﻭل‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻭﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٦٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠١٢-٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬

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‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻗﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﻥ ﻨﺠﺤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻭﻙ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻠﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻗﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﻭل)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻴﺤل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺤل ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ –‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻌﺯﺯﺓ ﺒﺄﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﺹ‪٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻷﺼل ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﺎﺌﻔﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻜﺄﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ"‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬‬

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‫ﻴﺠﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺨﻭﺍﻁﺭﻫﻡ ﻭﺃﺫﻫﺎﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺘﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﻫﺩﻓﻪ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٦٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٧٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻴل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻜﺭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻨﺎﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﻥ ﻻﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://kenanaonline.com/users/ahmedkordy/posts/205067‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١:٠٣:٣٣‬ﺹ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻔﻬﻡ ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ٢٢-٢١،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ‪ -‬ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺒﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- h7p://www.alarabimag.org/arabi/common/book/afaq005_1.htm‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١:٢٩:١٧‬ﺹ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ "ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﻸﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﺘﺎﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻐﻤﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺘﻨﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻝﻠﻨﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ "ﻜل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻝﺠﺄ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺩﺒﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺒﺤﺎﺜﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺤل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻜﺭﻴﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺩﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺭﺅﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ – ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻨﺱ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﺤﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺴﻭﻴﻑ‪١٤٢٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣١٤‬ﺹ‪٣١٥‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬

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‫ﺤﻭل ﺠﺩﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻭﻴﺞ ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺇﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺭﻨﺩ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﻁل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨٧‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ – ﺠﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،(http://www.jawwal.ps):‬ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.aig.ps/ar/index.php‬ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭﺒﻨﻙ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.prico.ps/arabic.php‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ‬ ‫)‪،(http://www.bankofpalestine.com‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.egyptair.com‬ﻭﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.telecomegypt.com.eg‬ﺒﻨﻙ ﻤﺼﺭ‪.(www.banquemisr.com) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪ ٣:٠٦:٢٥ ،‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﺒﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺨﺎﻀﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺹ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺒـ‬
‫"ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ")‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺸﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪.(http://www.pal-plc.org) :‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫=‪(http://www.dft.gov.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id‬‬
‫‪.(33‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪(http://www.cc.gov.eg/Legislations/Egypt_Legislations.aspx).‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪.(http://www.laweg.net) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪.(http://www.pm.gov.jo/arbaic/index.php) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٤:٤١:٥١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻭﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﹸﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻫﺩﻓﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﺒﺈﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﻨﺕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻬﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪.(http://www.courts.gov.ps) :‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺭﺒﻁ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺴﺕ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺒﻁﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻝﺸﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻜﻤل ﺨﻼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ‪٢٠١٢/٤/٢٦‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪.(http://www.mpwh.pna.ps/index.aspx) :‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٤:٥٥:٠٣‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٥٧‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.(www.egypt.gov.eg) :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪٥:١٥:١٣‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪(h7p://www.pla.gov.ps/ar/?ac)on=post&pos)d=637).‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪(h7p://www.pla.gov.ps/ar/?ac)on=post&pos)d=648).‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪(h7p://www.pla.gov.ps/ar/?ac)on=post&pos)d=548).‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻔﺎﺕ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺼﻔﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﹸﺸﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻭ ﹸﻨﺸﺭﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﻌﺕ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪(http://www.gaza-city.org/index.php?page=advdetails&id=223).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٥:٢٥:١٢‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(http://mhealth.cu.edu.eg.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(http://www.egypt.gov.eg/services/NTPMOJ/TrafficServicesList.aspx‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٢٥ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٥:٥٩:٥٢‬ﻡ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺿﻮء ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﺼﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻭﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺨﺎﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺭﻗﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ íÞ…^Ϲ]ئÜ¿ßÖ]»ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ]l^ÏéfŞiV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻴﺨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺫﻫﺎﻥ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻤﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺁﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ V°ŞŠ×Ê»êÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ]l^ÏéfŞi JM‬‬
‫ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻻ ﺘﺯﺍل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺯﺨﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩﻩ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺨﻁﺕ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺤﺜﻴﺜﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ)‪،(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺭ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺩﺍﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ‬

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‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺼﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺼﻔﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺨﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻐﺭﺽ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺤﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻴﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻤﻭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﺼﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ -١‬ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺃﻤﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺩﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‪ -٢ .‬ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻋﺎل ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺸﺅﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‪-٣ .‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ -٤ .‬ﺘﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺠﺯﺀﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺘﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٧‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/١٢/٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪(http://www.alazhar.edu.ps/arabic/index.asp).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‪ ٢٨ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٠:١٠:٤١‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻴ‪‬ﺴﻬل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻼﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻭﺍﺌﺤﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ V†’Ú»êÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ]l^ÏéfŞi JN‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻨﻅﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺠﺯﺌﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺜﻡ ﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٦٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠١‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻫﻭ‪ ،www.etenders.gov.eg :‬ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﻲ ﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻤﺅﺨﺭﹰﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺏ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﺍﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻭﻝﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﺎﻴﻭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻓﺎﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭﻱ )ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺩ( ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٣/٥/٢‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.alwafd.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٢٩ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١:٥٠:١١‬ﺹ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺘﻨﺸـﺄ ﻫﻴﺌـﺔ ﻋـﺎﻤـﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻝﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺴـﻤﻰ" ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻰ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺸﺊ ﻓﺭﻭﻋﺎ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﺨﻼﻓﻪ(‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٧‬ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻰ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺍﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻜﺎﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪) .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ( ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٦‬ﻭﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ )ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(٣١‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻷﻤل ﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻭﻝﺩ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ "ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ" ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻠﺤﻅ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ )ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺴﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﺎﻓﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺤﻼﻝﻪ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.alamiria.com/a/project/pdf/dep_amiria.htm‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٢٩ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢:٣٠:١٩‬ﺹ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻹﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻼ ﺃﺩﻨﻲ ﺸﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻔﻴل‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﺤﺩﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺯﺩﻭﺍﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺯﻋﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﺎﻁﹰﺎ ﺒﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺘﻜﻔل ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺭﻓﺽ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤل ﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻨﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻡ ﻻﺌﺤﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺭﺩﻱ ﻻ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٤‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥٠‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﺸﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬

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‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻴﺢ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻀﺎﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ]^è]ˆÚV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻔﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﺭﺼﻴﺩ ﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻴﻐﻁﻲ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﻫﻤﺎل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺴﻠل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻥ ﺃﻡ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻷﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﺼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺫﻝﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ – ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺘﻐﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٤‬‬
‫‪Brian Fizgerlad, Rami Olwan, Previous Reference, p.149, P.150‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ :‬ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺅﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪٢٠٠٨/٥/٧-٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫‪Brian Fizgerlad, Rami Olwan, Previous Reference, p.149, P.150‬‬

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‫ﺘﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻜل ﻝﺤﻅﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻨﺯل ﺃﻭ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺘﺨﻠﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﺴﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺨﻁﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻭﺍ ﹴ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠١‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺒﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٥‬ﻭﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "‪:"Google‬‬
‫‪Jean-Pierre Clavier, E-Publicite` Quelques Re`flexions En Attendant La‬‬
‫‪Position De La Cour De Justice Des Communaute`s Europe`ennes,‬‬
‫‪Research presented to the 17th Annual Scien)fic Conference:‬‬
‫‪"Electronic Transactions, E- Commerce, E- Government" held at‬‬
‫‪Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May‬‬
‫‪19-20, 2009, under the supervision and organiza)on of College of‬‬
‫‪Law-United Arab Emirates Univesiy and the Emirates Centre for‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬

‫‪Studies and Strategic Research. Research of the first volume,2009,‬‬

‫‪p.133, p.134‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ(‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻝﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫‪www.gooogle.ps‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫‪) www.google.com.eg‬ﺍﻝﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٥‬؛ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ‬
‫‪Jean-Pierre Clavier,‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪Previous Reference, p.133, 134‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٩‬ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻴﺭﺘﻪ ﻝﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺨﻠﻕ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺼﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻼﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺎﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻬﺩﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺴﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻔﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺒﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺤﻠﻭﻅﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﻁﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭل ﻭﻓﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻺﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻹﻫﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﺒﻘﺎﺌﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻅﻡ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺠﺴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﻼﻕ ﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺤﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻔﻀل ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺤﺎﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ °ŞŠ×Ê»íÏf޹]°Þ]çÏ×Öğ^ÏÊæë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]†ŽÞV÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻅ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﹸﻅﻤﺕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺩﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١١٦‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ "ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ" ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻻﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻬﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺘﻬﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺈﺴﻡ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺨﺭﻩ "ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﻴـﺯ ﺒﻜـﻴـﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺢ ﺃﻭﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٤٤‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪٦٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﻗﻰ ﻝﻤﺼﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ)‪،(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٥‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﻀﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻬﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٤/١٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٤٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭل ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻴﻌﻘﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺭﻀﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﺍل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ – ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭ ﺯﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٦‬ﻭﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺭﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﻌﺎﻗﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻜﻤﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻕ ﻭﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫـﺎ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠‬ﺹ‪٣١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٤٠٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٤٥/٤/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥‬‬

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‫ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ)‪(٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺨﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻨﺭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٤‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٩٨٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٩/٠٥/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ ٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﺁﻨﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻷﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٩/٤/٢٦‬ﻡ ﻭ ‪١٩٤٩/٥/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٩‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ "ﻙ")‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١٤‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ ) ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺴﻁﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺍﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ)‪ (٣‬ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٣٢‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٢/٢٩‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺅ ﻓﻴﻪ ) ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻗﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺩﺓ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻼﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﺯﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٨‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/١٢/٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ( ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٧‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺸﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٠٦/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥٧‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٠٨/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٦٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺇﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٣‬ﻡ( ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥٢‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ -٦‬ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﻔﻴﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٩٥٢‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ – ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٦/٩/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٢١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ ﻭﺍﻵﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩/٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٦٣١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/٥‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٩/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﻐﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪/٣/١٠‬ﻙ‪ ١/‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٥٢‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٢/٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺇﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ( ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٤٦‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺇﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ( ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٤٩٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٤٦/٥/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٦‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ‬

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‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻗﺭﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺜﺎل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻗﺭﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﺯﻉ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ íée†ÃÖ]†’Úíè…ç㶻íÏf޹]°Þ]çÏ×Öğ^ÏÊæë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]†ŽÞV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﹸﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺅﻴﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٢‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٢٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ”ﻋﺩﺩ ﺨﺎﺹ“‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٤‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪١٨٨٣‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺂﻝﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺭﺠﺢ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻁﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻠﻔﻅ "ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ" ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﺇﻨﻁﺒﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٤٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪١٩٥٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﺭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٢٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥٤‬ﻭﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﻥ ﺇﺩﻋﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻭﺯ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣١٣‬ﺹ‪٣١٤‬‬

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‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻤﺩﺘﻪ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻻ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻁ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻠﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻨﺎﻁ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ )ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ()‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٦‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٧‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻭﻨﻭﺍﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ" ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ )ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻭﺽ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺸﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ )ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻠﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻭﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬

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‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٥٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ" ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://ar.m.wikipedia.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٣١ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١:٥٠:١١‬ﺹ‪) ،‬ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺸﻜل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫‪Brian Fizgerlad,‬‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Rami Olwan, Previous Reference, p.149‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ "ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺒﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻜل ﻗﺴﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.alamiria.com/a/index.html‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٣١ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٢:٢١:١٥‬ﺹ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٥٨‬ﺹ‪٤٥٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻰ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻰ ﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٧‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٤‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ "ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺭﻀﺕ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺃﻭﺼﺕ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻻﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪،‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٧/١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺎﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٨٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل")‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺅﻴﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺤﺩﺜﺎﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭﺍﻥ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺭﺒﻁﺘﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺩﺩﺘﺎ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻻﺤﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺩ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺭﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٤‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺍﻨﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ ﺸﺒﻬﹰﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٨٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻩ ) ﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﻜل ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺭﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻘﻴﺩ ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻊ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋـﺔ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﺒﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻝﺴﻁﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﻴﻠـﻲ ﻨﺴـﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼـﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺜـﻡ ﻤﻭﻗـﻑ ﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪íè…]ý]l]…]†ÏÖ]†ŽÞî×Â^é×ÃÖ]Ù‚ÃÖ]íÛÓ¦íe^Î…V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﺴﺘﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻜﺘﻤﺎل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻗﺒل ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﺒﺩﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺨﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٣/١٠/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻭل‪) :‬ﺘﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻭ "ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻷﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻁﻌﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻋﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪" :‬ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ"‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ‪) :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻻﻨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٤/١٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻤﺎ ﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﻨﻘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﻨﻘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻴﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/٣/١١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺴﻭﻯ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺇﻻ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٣‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻝﻜل ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻲ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬

‫‪495‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻝﻠﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻻﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪،(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٦٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٨/٣/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪-١٩٦٥‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٨٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺤﻕ ﻀﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻬﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٤/١٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻨﻘﻀﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬

‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٥٨‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٣٠‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ،١٩٩٧‬ﺃﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١١٠‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٦٦‬ﻭﻗﺒل ﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٧‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١٠/٣٠‬ﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻼ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٠‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻭﻝﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺫ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯ "ﻥ‪ ،"١/‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻼ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٥٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٢/٢٢‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‪ ،...‬ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺒﻌﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺄﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،...‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺴﻠﻑ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻊ ﺩﺨﻭل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺒﻌﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١٢/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٩/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺘﺭﻀﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬

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‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻝﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻥ )‪ ،...‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺘﺎﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺘﺭﻀﻴﻥ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺭﺩﺕ ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺜﹸﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻐﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٤/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻓﺈﺫ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﺫﻱ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١١٠‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٣/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺒﻼل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٠١‬؛ ﻋﻤـﺭ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺨـﻭﻝـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٠‬؛ ﺩﻋـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺴــﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ – ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻓﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺸﻬﺎﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺜﻡ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٩٩٨‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺍﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻔل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻﻴﺘﺄﺘﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺒﺎﺡ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻀﻪ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺃﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺫ ﻗﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻪ ﺒﺴﺘﺔ ﺃﺸﻬﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺠﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻴﺴﻘﻁ ﺤﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪١٩٩٧/١٠/٢٩‬ﻡ ﻭﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺅﻩ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٤/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺘﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺌﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﺭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ١٩٠٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٣/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﺯل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻜﻑ‬
‫ﻴﺩﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ "ﻙ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺤﺩﺩﺕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٦/٦/٢٩‬ﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺩ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻭل ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻓﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻔﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺯل ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻜﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٧/١/١٨‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٢٠٠٣/١٠/٣٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺒﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻜل ﺸﺨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﺼﻠﺢ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻓﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﺒﻼﻏﻬﻡ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻴﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﺴﻠﻙ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻗﺎﺌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺃﻭ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢١٤‬‬

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 ‫‪íè…]ý]l]…]†ÏÖ]†ŽÞî×Â높¹]íÖæ‚Ö]‹×¥íe^Î…V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ )ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥٢‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣٩٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ٩٥١٤ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ١٥١٠ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٣‬ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ١‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﻌﻴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٢٠‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛‬
‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺭﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪" ،‬ﺃﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١٨‬‬

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‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻝﻠﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥٢‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪.٨٩٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٠٥‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٩٥‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٤٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴ ﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻌﻴﺎﻥ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺴﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ﻻﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻭﻝﻠﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٧٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨١‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٧‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺴﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻀﺤﻨﺎ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻜﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻼﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻜﻨﺎ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﻜل ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺤﺩﺜﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻻﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﻭﻜﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤﺴﻡ ﺭﺃﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻴﺠﺘﻬﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻭﻴل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫‪ †ŽßÖ]íŞ‰]çeë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]ƒ^ËÞíÏè†ŞÖņŽ¹]‚è‚€V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺯﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٠‬ﺹ‪٩١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٨‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪٦١٨ ،‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٧‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬؛‬
‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‬

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‫ﻨﺯﻋﻬﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ )ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ( )ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل( ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٤٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .١) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻷﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ "ﺃ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ "ﺏ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻝﻜﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺤل ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻜﻬﺫﺍ‪ .٢ .‬ﺇﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ "‪ "١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٣‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻠﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻘﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻪ‪ :‬ﺼﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻜﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﻓﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺄﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﻼﺕ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻬﻡ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫)ﺃ‪ -‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺨﺹ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﺘﻀﻊ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻤﻪ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻬﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺴﻘﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻝﻸﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٣٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠/٠٢/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩‬ﻭﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺘﻨﻅﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺘﺤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/١٢/٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﻜل ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺭﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻝﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻴﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻘﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻜﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬

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‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﺯﻋﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺒﺈﺴﻘﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٨‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٩‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٨‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬؛ ﻤﻌﻥ ﺇﺩﻋﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻭﺯ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٢‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٢٥‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﺭﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪١٣‬‬
‫"ﻤﻜﺭﺭ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻭ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻅل ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺫﺕ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ "ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ" ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٤/٧/٢٧‬ﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻓﺼﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺀ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﺜﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﺤﻭل ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ Víé†Ö]Äñ^ÎçÖ]ì‚è†qíŞ‰]çe†ŽßÖ] JM‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺃﻜﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻤﻌﻴﺎﺩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﻅل ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ(‪ .‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٢٨٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٨٧‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫– ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٠٢‬ﺹ‪٥٠٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٠٥٢‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٢٨٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪.٣٨٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ‪‬ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻭل ﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﻭﻴﻜﻴﺒﻴﺩﻴﺎ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://ar.m.wikipedia.org‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٣١ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٢:٠٧:٠٩‬ﺹ‪) ،‬ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ‪ :‬ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪- http://www.alamiria.com/a/search/searchw.htm‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٣١ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٢:١٦:٠٨‬ﺹ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٧‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬

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‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻝﺴﺒﺏ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺴﻤﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺼﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻻﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻤﻭﻁﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺒﺂﻝﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﺭﺓ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻜﻔل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻝل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻠﻤﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻜل ﺸﺊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺸﻴﻥ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﺘﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺒﺜﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻤﻌﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺤﻀﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜل‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﺘﻨﺎ ﻝﻺﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﻁﻠﻘﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻋﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺩﻗﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫‪Ziad Maraqa, Previous Reference, p.191‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﺱ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺼﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩ ﺘﻭﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻐﺯﻭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻴﺕ ﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺕ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺼﻔﺤﻬﺎ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫‪ Víé×]Ìv’Ö]íŞ‰]çe†ŽßÖ] JN‬‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺯﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤٨‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﻨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨــﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/١٢/٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻤﻥ‬

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‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻷﺤﺯﺍﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺘﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺘﺭﻀﻴﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻥ )‪ ،...‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺘﺎﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺘﺭﻀﻴﻥ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺭﺩﺕ ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻁﻠﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ "ﻤﺅﺴﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺯﺏ"‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩٠٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٥‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﺓ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪"١٨٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩/٩‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "١٦٣١‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٩/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﻐﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪/٣/١٠‬ﻙ‪ "١/‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٢/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ‪١٤٢٦‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺒﻴﺴﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ ﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ )‪ ،(٢-١‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٠‬ﺹ‪٨١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‬
‫ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﺭ‪) :‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ ‪) ،(http://alquds.com‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﻡ ‪http://al-‬‬
‫‪) ،(ayyam.com‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ‪.(http://alhayat-j.com‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‪ ،‬ﻨﺫﻜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪) :‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ ‪،(http://ahram.org.eg‬‬
‫)ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ‪) ،(http://algomhuria.net.eg‬ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫)ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬ ‫‪،(http://today.almasryalyoum.com‬‬
‫‪.(h7p://youm7.com‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ٣١ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٢:٥٥:٢٨‬ﺹ‬

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 ‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻘل ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻤﺴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻓﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﻝﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎﻝﻜﻴﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩﻭﻥ ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﻘل ﺼﺤﻔﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺨﻀﻭﻋﻬﻡ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻏﻔﺎل ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺒﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

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‫ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﻴﺼﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻅﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻭﺍﺘﺤﺎﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻭﺯﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺼﺤﻑ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺄﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻥ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻜﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻻ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻹﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ Vì…]ý]…^ÏÚ»l^ÞøÂý]l^uçÖæ_íÚ^ÃÖ]àÒ^Úù]»Ð’×Ö] JO‬‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻝﺼﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺠﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ "ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ" ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٦‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ .١) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺩﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻷﻴﺔ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ "ﺃ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ "ﺏ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﻼﻜﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺍﺒﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﻤﻪ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﺎﻝﻜ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺁﺨﺭ ﻤﺤل ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺠل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻜﻬﺫﺍ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ -١) :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺸـﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‪-٢ ،‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻔل ﻋﻠﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻝﺼﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪"٢‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ /١٣‬ﻤﻜﺭﺭ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٧٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٦١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﻝﺼﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ "ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻭﻝﺼﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٣‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٢٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٢٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٨٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٣٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٤٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٠٤٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻨﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻝﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻀﺤﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ ﻝﺼﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻸﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻠﺼﻕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﻠﺕ ﻤﺤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﺒﺘﻐﺎﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺁﻝﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل‬‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻌﺫﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﻭﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻭﺩ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺠﺯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻬﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺼﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻫﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ V>íév×’¹]>íéÏʆ¹]l]†ŽßÖ]Ðè†Şe†ŽßÖ] JP‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﻅ ﺒﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺸﺅﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﻠﻘﺕ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻴﺩ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻜﻭل ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻜﺒﺩﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨١‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٥٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ ‪١٩٦٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻝﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )‪ ،...‬ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﺴﻨﻰ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺘﻬﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٣‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪.(١‬‬

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‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺌﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻠﺼﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻗﺘﺭﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺼﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻼ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ‬
‫ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻤﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻨﺸﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺨﺭﻯ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﺘﻔﻅﺔ ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ‪ ٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٦٦/١١/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪١٩٨٠-١٩٦٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٠٢‬‬

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‫ﻓﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻨﻘﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺒﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺴﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻁﻭﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻜل ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬ ‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻜل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺩﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﺭﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺼﺏ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﻌﺩﻨﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]ƒ^ËÞí×é‰çÖņŽ¹]‚肀݂ÂV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺨﻠﻰ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺃﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺯﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻘﺎﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎﺍ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٥/١٠/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٩‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺃﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺯﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻘﺎﻀﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٤٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٠٦/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻋﻁﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺤﻅﺭ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻁﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٤٤‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٢٩‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٠٧/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﻓﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ١‬ﺒﺄﻨـﻪ )‪ -١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٥٤‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٢‬ﻭﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ -٢‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ(‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺤﻅﺭ ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻁﻨﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٨٥‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/٠٥/٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ "ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﺍﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﻭﺤﻅﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻁﻨﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻬﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺏ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٥٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٠٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٤‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٩٦‬ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻤﻠﻴﻙ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪(١١‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/٠٢/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫)‪ (٤٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٠٥/١٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٣‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺼﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ (٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠/٠٩/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺍﻨﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل")‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٣‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﺭﻙ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل" ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٧٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٧٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٦٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺍﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻝﺔ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺘﺸﻜل ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﺌﺎﺴﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻀﻭﻴﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺒﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺒﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻜﻴل ﺁﺨﺭ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﺨﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻰ‪ :‬ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻜﻔل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺒ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﻼل ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺼﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻀﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﻯ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬

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‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎل ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﺕ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪) :‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺜﺒﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٥‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ "‪"٢‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ "ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ"‪...،‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻌﺕ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﺘﺤﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺇﻝﺦ()‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻀﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﺠﻼ ﻝﻠﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺠل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺭﺃﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻤﺴﻜﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺒﺭﺃﻴﻬﺎ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﹸﺭﺴل‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٤/١٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﻻ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴل(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٢٠‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪١٩٤٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٥‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٠‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪١‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦١٨‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٩٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٢٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٤٨/١١/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٤‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٩‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل – ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٠٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٠١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٧٩‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣‬‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻨﺤﻭ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻴﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻻ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻭﺠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻫل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺒﺩﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ؟‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬؛ ﻓﺎﺩﻱ ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻋﻼﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ‪ ،٧١‬ﺹ‪١٦٨‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٤‬ﺹ‪٤٥‬؛ ﻤﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪٢٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٦‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬

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‫ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻼﺌﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﺎﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻥ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻀﺤﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻝﺼﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻨﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻏﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤل ﺍﻷﻤﺜل ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻭﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻅﺭ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻨﺤﻭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﻨﺎل ﻤﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻬﺩﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻴﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦‬ﺹ‪٧‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻜﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻑ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺿﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺍﺯﻱ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﻭﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺴﺩ ﻤﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٤/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺩﺍﺭﻜﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺭﻯ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥٢‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻻﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻓﻌﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﺒﺎﻁﺅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﻴﺔ ﺠﻔﻨﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠١/١٥٣٨‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/١٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٢/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١٠/٢٩‬ﻡ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ "ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ‪ ،"٢٤ ،٢٢ ،٢١ ،٢٠‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﺒﺎﻁﺅ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،....‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦٦‬ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﻉ‪١/‬‬
‫ﻭﻉ‪ "٢/‬ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ "‪ "٢٤ ،٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪"٢٠‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٤‬ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺒﺎﻙ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺘﻀﻠﻴل ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻪ ﺁﻨﻔﺎ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺭ ﻝﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٦‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻭﺽ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯ "ﻉ‪ ،"١٢/‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ ﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬

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‫‪ .٣‬ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻴﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺤﺘﺭﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻓﺫ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻫﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻫﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺤﺼل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺼل ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١٠/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/١١/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٤/٣٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٢٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٠٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﹰﺍ‪ ،...‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

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‫‪ .٤‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺫﻜﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻤﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﻜل‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﺠﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﺒﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٣٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/١/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦٦‬ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﻉ‪،١/‬ﻉ‪ "٢/‬ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺘﻴﻥ "‪ "٢٤ ،٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٠‬ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪"٢٤‬‬
‫ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻠﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺒﺎﻙ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺘﻀﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪-١٣‬ﻤﻜﺭﺭ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪"١٧٨‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻁﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻅل ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥٢‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٢٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻜﺭ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺠﻼﺀ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺠﺘﺯﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻤﻭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﺭﺩ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻨﺒﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺴﺒﺒﻪ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻪ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺄﺘﻰ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ – ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٠‬ﺹ‪١١١‬؛ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٣‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺭﺠﺏ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻨﻔﹰﺎ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺭ ﻝﻘﻁﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﺽ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﻤﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯ‬
‫"ﻉ‪ ،"١٢/‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ‬

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 ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﻼﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﺒﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻝﻴل ﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٠١١/٥/١١‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺠﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،...‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﹰﺍ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٥٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/١/١٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺠﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻁ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺨﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺎﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﺸﺘﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﺒﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﺒﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪".‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺭﻓﻌﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻓﺼﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "١٧٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﻘﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﻅل ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ(‪ .‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٢٨٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٣٨٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺠﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻨﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻭﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﺒﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﻤل ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺴﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﻜﺎﻤل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻝﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻝﻜﻲ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﺯﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٧‬ﺹ‪١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬؛ ﻭﻫﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٥‬ﺹ‪١٠٦‬‬

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‫ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺯﺍﺕ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١٠‬ﺹ‪٧١١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻴﺏ ﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١٠‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺨﻀﻭﻋﻬﻤﺎ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٩/٤/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺩﺍﺭﻙ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﺘﺼﻭﻴﺏ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻻﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل‪ :‬ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،...‬ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬‬

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‫ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻓﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺏ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻷﻁﻔﺎل ﺍﻝﻠﻘﻁﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻔل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺠﻤﻠﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﺒﻘﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﻻ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺒل ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺩﺍﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٠٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٠/١٢/٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻅﺭ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻅﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ١٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ) :‬ﻴﻀﻊ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻊ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ(‪ .‬ﻭﻨﺼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ ) :‬ﻻﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻤﻥ ﺍﻁﻠﻊ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺤﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻀﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ(‪ .‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ "ﻤﻜﺭﺭ"‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ) :‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻤﻥ ﺍﻁﻠﻊ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻜﻭﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻤﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻻﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﺍﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺄﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺒﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺩﺒﻠﻭﻤﺎﺴﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻫﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﺄﻋﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻤﺽ ﻋﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺫﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻻ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻌﺏ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺁل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ‪١٤٣٠-١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺸﻭﺍل ‪١٤٢٢‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٢٧‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺸﻜﺎﻻﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬؛ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻤﻴﺯ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺴﻜﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺎﺤﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﻠﻙ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺭﺩ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﺘﹸﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴﻜﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ – ﻤﺩﻋﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬

‫ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻝﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٤ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠٠‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺭﺸﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٥‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻼﻝﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-١٥١‬ﺹ‪١٤٢٣ ،(١٨٥‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻭل‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫‪١٤٢٢/٢/٦‬ﻫـ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ‬ ‫)ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬ ‫ﺹ‪١٧٢‬‬ ‫‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪١٤٢٢/٧/٩‬ﻫـ( ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﻤﻨﻰ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٤‬؛ ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٠‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻜﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻁﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺭﺝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ ،...‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )‪ ،...‬ﻭﻴﻨﻘﻁﻊ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻀﻰ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻴﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺨﻁﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٠٧/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٧‬‬

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‫ﻴﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺨﻀﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻬﺭﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻴﺕ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﻨﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻗﻭل ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻗﻭل ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺩﻋﻤﻪ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻝﻴل‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻷﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﻴﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﺼﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻘﺭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٤/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﻤﺘﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻴﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩﻴﻥ ‪ ١٠ ،٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻐﺩﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻘﺭﺭ ﺭﺩﻩ(‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٥/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧‬‬

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 ‫‪ êÞæÓÖý]…çŞjÖ]ؾ»׊Ö]ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ] JM‬‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﻤﺘﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺼﻌﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﺸﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ "ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ"‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ êÞæÓÖý]…çŞjÖ]ؾ»Û–Ö]˜Ê†Ö]…]†Î JN‬‬
‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺭﻓﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺒﻘﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٥٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﻤﻨﻰ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٤‬؛ ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٠‬‬

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‫ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﻝﻴﺸﻜل ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ")‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻬﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴل ﺤﺩﻭﺜﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١٠‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﺭﻫﻥ ﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍ ‪‬ﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺩﻋﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﻤﺜل ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ "ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻁﺭﻕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻴﺸﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻁﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﺠﻬﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﺒﺤﺠﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺘﺨﺫﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻀﺕ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺩﺃ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻌﻬﻡ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻁﻼﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻡ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٩‬ﺹ‪١٠٣٠‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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558
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫) ‪(١‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺩﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺘﺎﺤﺕ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩﻫﻡ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻸﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺒل ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬؛ ﺤﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺯﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩‬؛ ﺜﺎﺌﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺨﺭﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴل ﻗﻌﺩﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﹸﺘﻌﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﻋﺩﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻨﺎ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺼﻭ َﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻼ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﻠﺠﺄﻭﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻝﻬﻡ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﻬﻡ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺒﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻠﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺘﺎﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﻴﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٧‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺒﺤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺠﺭ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺸﻴﺭﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﺎﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﺯﻋﻭﻥ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺁﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺃﻋﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻥ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻴ‪‬ﻌﻠﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻌﻠ‪‬ﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃَﻋﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺒـ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻠﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﻭﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻜﺱ ﺃﺨﻔﺎﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃَﻋﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ "ﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ" ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ‪‬ﻤﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻴﻬ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﻭﺍ ﻝﻪ "ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﻠﻴﻔﺯﻴﻭﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻁﱠﻠﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﱠﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ "ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺒﺈﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﻜﻡ "ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ" ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﻥ ‪‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺎ‬‫ﻙ ﹶﺘﻌ‪‬ﹶﻠ ‪‬ﻡ ﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻨﺨﹾﻔ‪‬ﻲ ‪‬ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﹸﻨﻌ‪‬ﻠ ‪‬‬‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ) ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺒﻨﹶﺎ ِﺇ ﱠﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﻤ‪‬ﺎﺀ()‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠل ) ﹸﺜ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺽ ‪‬ﻭ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻷﺭ‪ ‬ﹺ‬ ‫ﺸﻲ‪ ‬ﺀ ﻓ‪‬ﻲ ﺍ َ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻝﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﻤ‪‬ﻥ ﹶ‬ ‫‪‬ﻴﺨﹾﻔﹶﻰ ‪‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻬﻡ‪ِ ‬ﺇﺴ‪‬ﺭ‪‬ﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ()‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺕ ﹶﻝ ‪‬ﻬﻡ‪ ‬ﻭَﺃﺴ‪ ‬ﺭﺭ‪ ‬ﹸ‬
‫ِﺇﻨﱢﻲ َﺃﻋ‪‬ﻠﹶﻨ ﹸ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٤٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-http://www.almaany.com‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٥ ،‬ﺸﺒﺎﻁ ‪ -‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ١١:١٢:٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،...٢‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٤٥‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢٤‬ﺹ‪٦٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٩‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺼﻁﻼﺡ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻑ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻡ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒل‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٤-٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥-٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٦‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٧‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻏﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺭﺸﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺴﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﻠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻹﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻏﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﺇﺒﻼﻏﻬﻡ ﺒﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٥٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺸﻴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٦‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﻁﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺠﺄﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻐﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻﺯﻤﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺘﻅﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻤﺩﺍﻩ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٠٩‬ﺹ‪٢١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(١٧‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﺩ ﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٧٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺼﺩ ﺒـ"ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ" ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻜﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻅﻬﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻘﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺒﻊ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٦‬ﺹ‪٢٢٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٦‬ﺹ‪٢٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺨﻀﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٠‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﻤﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁﻨﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻭﺍﻴﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤ‪‬ﻌﻠﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤ‪‬ﺒﻁﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٤‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٠-١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﺠﺭﺍﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٣٦٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٤٤ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢١٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٣٣‬ﺹ‪٢٣٤‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٣٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ – ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢١‬ﺹ‪٦٢٢‬؛ ﻭﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ –‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ – ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ –‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩﺓ ﺯﻴﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٩٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻜﺎﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻓﺼﺎﺡ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ "ﻝﻠﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ" ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺒﺩل ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ"ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ")‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ "ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ"‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ()‪ ،(٦‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ()‪ ،(٧‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋ‪‬ﺭﻑ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﺴﺱ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥١٤‬ﺹ‪٥١٥٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٨‬ﺹ‪٢٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﻭﻀﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺠﺴﻭﺭ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٦‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﹸﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ )ﺇﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﻭﺤﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻗﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﻋﺘﺎﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻴﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﻤﻨﺤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ()‪ ،(٣‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺎﻨﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺸﻤل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﺒﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺒﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﻭﻀﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٦‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺭ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺘﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻼ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٨/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻌﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬

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‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻋﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﺭﺩ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻴﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻋﺯﺍﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻨﺤﺩﺭ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻌﺩﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻼ( ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻝﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ؛ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬؛ ﻭﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣٩٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٩٥١٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ١٥١٠ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٣٥٣‬؛ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١‬‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻜﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺯﺍل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬

‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺼﺢ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺠﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺠﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﺘﺤﻜﻤﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺘﺘﺠﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ ﺒﺫﻭﺍﺘﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﺴﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺜﻤﺔ ﻤﺤل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻺﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٧/٤/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪١٩٨٠-١٩٦٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٠١‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٠/٩/٢١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٤/٢/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻁﻼﻉ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٥٨١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٣/١٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ٣٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻱ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٤٥‬ﻡ ﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٤/١١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ٢٠٠٣/١٠/٣٠‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻼ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺨﺭﺠﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‬
‫‪١٨٨٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻱ ﻭﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻤﺼﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ "ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ" ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺴﺭﻋﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺒﺭﺭﺕ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻅﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻴﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺽ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻓﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺹ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻀﻴﻑ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻬﻡ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﻨﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺫﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ﺒﺄﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻜل ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻷﻗﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺒﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻏﺎﻝﺒ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺒﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ" ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺨﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪١٩٤٨‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﺤل ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﺒﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺢ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺎﻭﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺒل ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻼ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪...‬ﺇﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ "ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ" ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ(‪ .‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٠‬ﺹ‪٣٧١‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺎﺒل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻌﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﻘل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻤﺴﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﻁﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻅﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﺩﺀ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬‬

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‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻼﺀﻤﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﹰﺎ –ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺸﻬﺩﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠٣‬ﺹ‪١٠٤‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻔﻁﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٧٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٢٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‬
‫ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٧٠٧‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬

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‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﻔﺫﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻷﺠل ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺜﻼﺙ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬

‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٤‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٦‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٤٨‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٤٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺼﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅـﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٧٦‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤ‪‬ﺘﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺨﻁﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻪ ﻝﻠﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻐﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٧‬ﺹ‪٨٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺸﺤﺩﺓ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﻲ ﻀﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٣‬؛ ﻤﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺭﺒﻪ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣‬‬

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‫ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻭﺍﺌﺏ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺘﻤل ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺩﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﺴل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﺭﻴﺩ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻤﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺯﺓ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺝ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٨‬ﺹ‪،١٣٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬‬

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‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل")‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒـ "ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﻤﺤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل" ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﻭل ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻤل ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﻌﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻴﻜﺭﻭﺴﻭﻓﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻨﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬‬

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‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻐﺭﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤ‪‬ﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٦١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٢‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٣٤‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٢‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٦‬؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺯﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻼﻡ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢٩‬ﺹ‪١٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺒﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﻜﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻲ ﺯﻴﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪٢٠١٠-٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٦‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺴـﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴــﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻋﻁﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺨﺼﺹ "ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٦٨‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺘﻭﺥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٢١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﺹ‪٨٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﻴﺘﻪ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻱ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﻴﺒﻪ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒل ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ()‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﻀﺤﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻀﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺴﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺤﻴل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻨﻘل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺤﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٣٠‬‬

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‫‪ °ŞŠ×Ê»íÚ^ÃÖ]l]…]ý]ÄÎ]æ»ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]áøÂý]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻸﺨﺫ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺭﺸﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﺎﺌﺢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻪ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪http://www.gcc.gov.ps//index.php?option=com_content&task=view‬‬
‫‪&id=17&Itemid=41‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪http://www.mtit.gov.ps/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl‬‬
‫‪e&id=1094‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٨ ،‬ﺸﺒﺎﻁ ‪ -‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ١٠:٠٥:٣٣‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻤﺤﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺘﺩﺍﺭﻜﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﻩ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ) ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺒﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻸﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ "ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ – ﻭﻜﻼﺀ –‬
‫ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺎﻤﻴﻥ – ﻤﺩﺭﺍﺀ ‪-‬ﻭﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ – ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ"‪ ،‬ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫"ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﻰ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ "ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل" ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪mail.gov.ps‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﺡ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺒﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ .١ :‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .٣ .‬ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ .١ :‬ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺘﻬﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺯﻋﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻀﺎﻴﻘﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻫﺎﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻶﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺤـﺩ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺴﺎل ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﻁﺭ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ‬

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‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﻜﺯ ﺤﻭل ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔل ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﻘﺒﻭﻝﻬﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺜﻐﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺃﻱ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.٢ .‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ .٣ .‬ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ .٣ .‬ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻤﺯ‬
‫ﻼ" ﺒﺎﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ "ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ .٤ .‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﻁﻼﻉ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ‪ .٥ .‬ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻋﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ ﺴﺒﻌﺔ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻜﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ‪ .٦ .‬ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ‪ .٧ .‬ﺘﺤﻤل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺭﻤﺯ ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٨‬‬

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 ‫‪ †’²íÚ^ÃÖ]l]…]ý]ÄÎ]æ»ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]áøÂý]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﻡ ﻁﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺒﺊ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺭﻓﺎﻕ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﻁﻠﺒﻪ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻪ ﻭﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪.(https://www.egypt.gov.eg/arabic/home.aspx) :‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٨ ،‬ﺸﺒﺎﻁ ‪ -‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ١٠:٥٥:٣٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٦‬ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل‬
‫ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫)ﺃﻭﻥ ﻻﻴﻥ( ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻜﻭﺜﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺘﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺒﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻓﺭﺽ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻝﻸﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻋﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(https://www.egypt.gov.eg/arabic/General/Mobile.aspx.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‪ ٨ ،‬ﺸﺒﺎﻁ ‪ -‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ١١:٢٧:٥٥ ،‬ﻡ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻼﺯﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺴﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻨﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺹ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ)‪،(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻹﺨﻼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ)‪،(٢‬‬

‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺃﻗﻭﺍﻝﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٦٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺈﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺨﻁﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻴﺔ "ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯﺍﺕ ﻉ ﻉ‪ -١٥/‬ﻉ ﻉ‪ ،"٢٠/‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺠﺭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪/١١‬ﺏ" ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل‬
‫ﻝﻸﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٨‬ﻡ ﺘﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍﻍ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺒﺎﻹﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ "ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ – ١٦/٤٦٤‬ﻋﺩل ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ "١٩٧٤/٣/١١‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺒﺜﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٤/١٥٢٨‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪ ١٩٧٩/٨/١٠‬ﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٤/٨/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺭﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﻜﻭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻡ‬

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‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻼ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬

‫ﻴﺭﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﺎﺀ‪،...) :‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٨/٢٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯ "ﺩ‪ "١/‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬
‫‪ ٦٠‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/٥/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٧/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺒﻊ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٩١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٦/٢٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﺎﺀ‪...) :‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺁﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٢/٤‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻑ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻜﺘﻔﻰ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻅ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻹﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺘﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٢/٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧٢‬ﺘﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺴﺭﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٥٢‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٦٣٣١‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ؛ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٥‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣٩٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٨‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ٩٥١٤ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ١٥١٠ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٣٥٣‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١‬‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل")‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩٩‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ "‪ "٢‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫)‪ -١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ -٢ .‬ﺘﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﻭﺤﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻔل ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺤل ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٧/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺩل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﹸﺸﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥٤‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٤/٢٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٢/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥٣‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )‪ .١‬ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻱ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺘﻔﻭﻀﻪ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻜل ﻤﺎﻝﻙ ﻓﺭﻀﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٧‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )‪ -١‬ﻴﺤﻕ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤل ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "١٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻝﻠﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺃﻗﺼﺎﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺃﻝﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻁﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﻓﺭﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻭﻜﻼﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٣‬ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺨﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺅﻩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﺼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‪ ،‬ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺝ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻭﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻝﺫﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻌﻁﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﻤﻬﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ‬

‫ﺘﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﺇﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﻠﻎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﻠﻲ‪،‬ﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ(‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ – ٢٤‬ﻤﻜﺭﺭ( ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٦/١٥‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺯﻉ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٠/٥/١٣‬ﻡ‬

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‫ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻻﺨﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻗﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻭﺴﻨﺩ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﺒﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺨﻼل ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺨﻁﺭ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺠل‬
‫ﻤﻭﺼﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺴﺒﺒﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٦/٢٤‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻋﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٧٩‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨١‬ﺹ‪٦٨٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺭﻗﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺌﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻻﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﺤﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٠٧‬؛‬
‫ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦٠‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٦‬؛ ﺤﺴـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤـﺭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼـﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٥٤٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٤٣‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ –‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ – ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻸﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻪ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻴﻠﺒﻲ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﺘﺴﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺩﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ؟‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٤-٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٥٧‬ﺹ‪٤٥٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٥‬ﺹ‪٥٢٦‬؛‬
‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻏﻨﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٣‬ﺹ‪١٣٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺜﺎل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻫﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻜﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﻝﻨﻘل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎل ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻴﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺯﺍل ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١١٥‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٦٦‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٢٨‬ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺅﻝﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٥‬‬

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‫ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼل ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﻬﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﻘﺼﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻴﺼﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻠﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺤﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﺩﻭﻱ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻴﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﻡ ﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻏﻔﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺯﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻷﻭل ﻭﻫﻠﺔ ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻘﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻭﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﻁﺭﺃ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ‪ :‬ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻘل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻘﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]Ù^‰…ý]Ðè†àÂáøÂý]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺒﻼﻍ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺠل ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻐﺭﺍﻑ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﺒﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﻀﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل – ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺇﺘﺼﺎل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺈﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﻁﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺠل ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻐﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﻘﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻗﺩ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﺴﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻡ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺩﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﺘﺄﺨﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢٤‬ﺹ‪٢٢٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥١٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻤﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ‬

‫ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺭﺍﻩ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﻘﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٢٠٠٢/٨/٢٦‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯ "ﺩ‪ "١/‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺠﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/١٢/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫"‪ "٧٤٣/١٣٧٥٠‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/٧/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺭﻓﻀﻪ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﺯﻩ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﺒﺭﻗﻡ "‪،"٨٤٣/١٣٧٥٠‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻜﻴل ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺭﺴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻋﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺭﻓﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻝﻴﺴﺘﺎ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٧/١٠‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺩ ﹰﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻼﺼﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺘﻜﻔل ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻤﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩ ﹰﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ ﻝﻜﻰ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻘﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻫﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل ﻭﻋﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﺎﻤل ﻝﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻜﻰ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺢ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻬﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻀﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠل ﺃﻭ ﻤﺴﺠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﻗﺩﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺒﺕ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﺎﻤل ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻭﻓﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻹﻨﺫﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﺎﻤل ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻪ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﻝﻸﻤﻭﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٨٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٤/٣/٢٠‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺴﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁﻭﺍ ﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺤﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻴﺩ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻥ ﻫﻡ ﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻜﻔل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺭ ﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺜﻭﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺒﻘﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻪ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺫﺭ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬

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‫ﻭﺇﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻴﺠﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻐﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﺨﺼﺹ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺌﻘﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻠﻘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻁﺭﻑ ﺃﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻴﺼﺢ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﺘﺤﺕ ﺴﻁﻠﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻴﺩﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺼﺩﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬‬

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 ‫‪ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]Ýøj‰ý]Ðè†àÂáøÂý]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﺩ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺴﻨﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻷﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻠﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻜﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺒﻪ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺭﺩﺕ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٥‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٦‬ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨١‬؛ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁﻠﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫‪ ٦٠‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺒﻠﻐﺕ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﺤﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/٥/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٧/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺴﺒﻊ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺼﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٩١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٦/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﻻﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻠﻤﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﻴﺫﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻩ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻤﻠﻭﻜﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻨﻪ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺇﺜﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﺸﺨﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺜﺒﻭﺘﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﺭ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬

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‫ﻝﻨﺎﻗﺼﻲ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻝﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﻌﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ )ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ íéÞæÓÖý]Øñ^‰çÖ^eë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêãˎÖ]áøÂý]V^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺘﻪ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﻌﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﻁﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﻻ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ :‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٢١‬ﺹ‪١٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺃﻴﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﻝﺩﻯ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٧٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٨‬؛ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦١‬‬
‫ﺒﻼل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠٣‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺠﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻪ ﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٦٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٠٧/٢٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩٧‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺨﻁﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﺭﻓﻭﺽ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "٨/١١٦٣٦‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١١/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﻩ ﻭﻜﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺫ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺭﻗﻡ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﺼﻔﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻤﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻁﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٣/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻩ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺭﻗﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‬

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‫ﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺫﻜﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺸﻔﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺸﻔﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﻝﻴﺩﺍﻓﻊ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻫﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺌﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩﻩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٦/١١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل "ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻗﻠﻘﻴﻠﻴﺔ" ﻴﺸﻜل‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻌﺩﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﺏ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻭﻝﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺜﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻀﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻭﻡ ﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺸﺒﻬﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺩﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺴﻤﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻸﺼﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺸﻔﻭﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺴﻤﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺎﻻﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﺯﻴﻥ ﻴﻨﻔﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺅﻩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/٧/١٠‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﺼﻭﻴﺏ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺤﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺘﺤﻤﺴﹰﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻝﻤﺔ ﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻌﺫﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻭﺘﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺭﻗﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﻪ ﺸﻔﺎﻫﺔ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺠﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺃﺒﻠﻐﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻤﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺠﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻁﺭﻑ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺸﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻴﺩﻤﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪) ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪،٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١‬‬

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‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺠﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﻼﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺠﻤﺘﻊ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻭﺍﺼﻠﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻔﺎﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺩﻴﻭ ﻜﻭﻨﻔﺭﻨﺱ ﻭﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻝـ "‪ ،"Skype‬ﻭﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﻤﺭﺃﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻻﺴﺘﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﻬﻲ ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒـ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ "‪ ،"On Line‬ﺃﻭ "ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﻫﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻌﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻﺤﺩﺍﺜﻪ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬

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‫ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻤﺜﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

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614
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٥‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺼﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺘﺩﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻨﺭﻯ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﻏﺭﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﺎﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻱ ﺤﺩﺩﺍ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺜﻼﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﹸﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤـﺎل ﻭﺼﻔــﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ "ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٣٩٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٧٤ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٣‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ "‪ ،"١‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ‬

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‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻗﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻼﺏ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٩٦٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ )ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﻓﻬﻡ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﻠﺹ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﻴﺤﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺒﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺩﺩﺕ ﻁﺭﻗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﻭﻋﺕ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﰲ ﺿﻮء ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﺨﺘﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒل ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫‪íè‚é×ÏjÖ]äi…ç‘»ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ^eéÏéÖ]Ü×ÃÖ]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬

‫ل‬
‫ﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻭﺍ ُ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻷﻤ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻴﻘﹶﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻝﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻴﻘﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﻴ‪‬ﻘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٢١٩‬ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝ ﹶ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٠‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٩٢٦‬‬
‫ﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺨﺸﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩١‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹾ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﺸ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﱠﻔﺱ ﺇِﻝﻰ ﺤﻜ ﹴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺒﺼﺤ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻁﻤﺌﻨﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻴﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻋﻥ ﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﻊ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺤﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻭﺒﻪ ﺸﻙ‪) ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻙ ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻴﻘ‪‬ﻴﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺤﺘﱠﻰ ‪‬ﻴﺄْ ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﻙ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ(‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻜﻡ ﺘﻨﺯﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﻌﺎﻝﻰ ) ‪‬ﻭﹸﺍﻋ‪ ‬ﺒﺩ‪ ‬ﺭ‪‬ﺒ ‪‬‬
‫ﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴ ‪‬ﺒٍﺈ ﹺﺒ ﹶﻨ ‪‬ﺒٍﺈ ‪‬ﻴﻘ‪‬ﻴ ﹴ‬
‫ﻙ ‪‬ﻤﻥ‪ ‬‬
‫ﺠﺌْﹸﺘ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٩٩‬ﻭﻗﻭﻝﻪ ﻋﺯ ﻭﺠل ) ‪‬ﻭ ﹺ‬
‫ﻥ( ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻵﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺤﺘﱠﻰ َﺃﺘﹶﺎﻨﹶﺎ ﺍﻝﹾ ‪‬ﻴﻘ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ﹺﺒ ‪‬ﻴﻭ‪ ‬ﹺﻡ ﺍﻝﺩ‪‬ﻴﻥﹺ‪ ،‬‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ) ﹸﻜﻨﱠﺎ ﹸﻨ ﹶﻜ ﱢﺫ ‪‬‬
‫)‪.(٤٧-٤٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﺎﻝﻤﹰﺎ‬

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‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻻ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﻺﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺘﻔﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺠﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫– ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ "ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٧٧‬ﺹ‪٢٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﻴﻥ‪" ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ"‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪) ،١٥١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٨/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/١١‬ﻡ(؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل‬
‫ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٥‬؛ ﻭﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٦٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ‪٢‬؛ ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺴﺏ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣٩٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ٩٥١٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ١٥١٠ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٣٥٣‬؛ ﻭﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٩٤٤‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٥٨/٥/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٤‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٣‬؛ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٧‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪-‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺴﺩ ﻤﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻷﺼﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ‪١٩٦٠-١٩٥٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺜﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻜﺭﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬

‫ﺹ‪٤٩٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗــﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ –‬

‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٠‬؛ ﻁﻌـﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠـﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺸـﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠٥‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺭﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪" ،‬ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣١٨‬؛‬
‫ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫– ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﻘﻭل ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺨﻼل ﺴﺘﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٨‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ "ﻤﻥ ﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٤٩‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٣‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ ﻨﺼﻭﺍ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻀﻴﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩ‬

‫ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠١‬؛‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٢٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٩٨٢ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧٨‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٩‬؛ ﻓـﺅﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻁــﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻷﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ – ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٣-١٩٦٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥١٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٨٤‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪) :‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺴﺘﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺤل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ VáøÂý]憎ßÖ]é×ÛÂÝ^³deá₣Ϲ]éÏéÖ]Ü×ÃÖ]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻘل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﻭﺍﺯﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺘﺒﻌﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻜﻼﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻋﺩﻤﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺒﺄﺨﺭﻯ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠٩‬ﺹ‪٣١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬

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‫‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )‪ ،...‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻤﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٧‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩/٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻵﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٦٣١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٩/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﻴﻐﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪/٣/١٠‬ﻙ‪ ١/‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٢‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻅﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٢/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺇﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٠٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٨٥/١٢/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٣١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٣‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻻ ﺘﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﻭﺍ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٨٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٦٦/٦/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪،‬‬
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‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻻ ﻴﺩ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺒﻭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﻴﺎﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﻭﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦٢‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٤‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺴﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٧٣‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٣/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻼ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻤﺴﻙ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻴﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻝﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺜﹸﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺤﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺒﻠﻐﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٤/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٣١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧/٩/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٢/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪٨٩٩‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻅل ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﺭﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻐﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻜﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻴﺩ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﺭﻭﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺼﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻴﺘﺸﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻴﺒﺩﻱ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﻪ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻏﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻴﻔﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻹﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺨﺹ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻠﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺩﺤﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻭﺤﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ "ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺭﻓﻪ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺒﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺘﻪ ﻝﻠﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ "ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ" ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٥٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٩‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪ -‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬

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 ‫"ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﺔ")‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ "ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺎﻝﺔ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭﺍﻥ ﻝﻠﺩﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺸﻭﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻬﻤﺎ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﻘﺼﺩﻩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺩﻭﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ‬
‫ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﻨﹸﺸﺭﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻭﻝﻭﺝ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠١‬؛ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٩‬؛‬
‫ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٣٢٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٣٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٠٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٠١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٢٣‬‬

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‫ﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺼﺭﹰﺍ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣)êÞæÓÖý]…çŞjÖ]ؾ»ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ^eéÏéÖ]Ü×ÃÖ]ç’ÏÚV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺄﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺴﻲ ﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ‪‬ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺒﺩﻻﺌل ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒـ"ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﻡ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺘﻌﺩ ﺃﻗل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪.(٤‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺃﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻻﺌل ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٤‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛‬
‫ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٩‬‬

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‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﻅﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺼﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﹸﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﻰ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺇﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻪ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﻗﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯﻨﺎ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٧‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻗﺽ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻀﻴﻴﻕ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺴﻬﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺭﺩﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺜﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺍﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻴﺭﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﻀﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺼﺎﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻜﻠﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻗﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻬﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٦٢‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٤‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬؛‬
‫ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٩‬‬

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‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺨﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬‫ﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻤﺜ ﹰ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻭﻩ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ "ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻁﻠﺏ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻜﻤل ﻭﺠﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻨﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻘل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٠٤‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬‬

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‫ﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺩﻝل ﻓﻘﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻝﻴﺱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺜﺒﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴل ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻸﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻨﺎﻗ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻴﺴﻠﻡ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﻅﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٣‬‬

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‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻥ ﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩﺍﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﻔﺕ ﺇﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻨﻭﺭﺩ ﻤﺜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﻗﻑ ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﺨﺫ ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﻤﻨﻊ ﺩﺨﻭﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺴﺤﺏ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺘﺩﺨل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬

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‫ﻻ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻘﺒﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل‪ .‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻷﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل‬
‫ﻗﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺤﻘﻪ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﺩﻫﺎ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦٢‬؛ ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ "ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ" ﻗﺩ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/٥/٨‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١١٢٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺌﻪ ﻫﻲ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻜل ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﻭﻙ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ ٤١١‬ﺹ‪٤١٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻤ ﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻥ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪цŞÖ^e ì…]ý] íãq ÄÚ äב]çi ð^ßm_ …]†ÏÖ^e äÛ×Ãe àÂ^ŞÖ] …]†Îc V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫]‪ íu^j¹]íéÞæÓÖý‬‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻴﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺌﻪ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻨﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ‪‬ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻔﺼل ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫ﺕ ﺒﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻠﻡ ﺘﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪....‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ١٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻝﻥ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻊ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻠﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﻻل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺒﻘﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻴﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻤﻀﻁﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻼﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻀﻊ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺸﺄ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺸﻴﻬﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٣٣‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٣٤‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١١‬‬

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‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺒﺜﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻻﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺯﺍل ﻤﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺘﺄﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻨﺴﺠﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻭﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻴﻔﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻠﻔﺯﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻠﻐﺭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒﺨﺩﻤﺎﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻵﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻹﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ "ﻨﺎﻨﺕ ‪ "Nanet‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻗﺒﻠﺕ ﺃﻭل ﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﹸﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ)‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺌﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﻴﺜﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻭﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٥٧‬ﺹ‪٥٥٨‬‬

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‫ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻲ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻠﻔﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪VàÂ^ŞÖ]æì…]ý]°eíéÞæÓÖý]lø‰]†¹] JM‬‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﻁﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺒل ﻝﺠﻭﺌﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺒﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺄﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺨﻼﺀ ﻁﺭﻓﻪ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٥٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٦‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٦٩‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٢/٣/٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺘﹸﻨﺠﺯ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻭﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻀﺤﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻭﻝﻭﺝ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺸﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺃﺭﺽ ﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺜﺒﺕ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻅﻬﺭ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻭل‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻀﺩﻫﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺃﺨﻁﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﻜﺘﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٣٣‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪ ١٩٨٩/٦/٢٥‬ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺩﻤﻴﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻝﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺽ ﺴﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻠﻎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪١٩٩٢/٦/٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩٢٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٢٢‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺇﺤﺘﻭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪VêÞæÓÖý]‚èÖ]Âë…]ý]Ü׿jÖ] JN‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻁﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﻻﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺌﺎﺴﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻠﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‪١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٠‬؛ ﺒﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٣‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻜﺭﺒﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٣‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٣‬؛ ﻓﺅﺍﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺒﻲ ﻜﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻝﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٤ -‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧-١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٣‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ )ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ( ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﻭﺒﻘﺎل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻅﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٤/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/٩/٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻏﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﺴﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/١١/٢٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٤/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪".‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻅﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺇﻁﻼﻋﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ‬
‫‪ ٩٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥٩‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺘﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻹﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٤٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٤/٣/١٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻌﻤﻴﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻷﻓﻀل ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺃﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻨﻐﻔل ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﻩ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻁﺭﻕ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﺩﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻲ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺠﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪VÜñ^ÏÖ]àÃŞÖ]î×ÂíÏe^ŠÖ]íè‚éãÛjÖ]æ_íéñ^–ÏÖ]l]ð]†qý] JO‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻕ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‬‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻵﻭﺍﻥ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥٧‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٠/١٥‬ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻭﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ‬

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‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺃﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠/٧/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻜﺤﺩ ﺃﺩﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ،٢٠٠٠/٣/٧‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻼ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺘﻘﻭل‪ ،...) :‬ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻜﻴﻠﻴﻥ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١١/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ‪..‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗل ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١١/١٥‬ﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺭﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٤/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٤/٢٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫"ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺎﻤل ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺸﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺱ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺤﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺭﻴﺏ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺯﻋﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺒﺎﻩ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺃﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪١٩٨٨/١١/٧‬ﻡ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺩﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺸﻬﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪…]†ÏÖ]„éËßiV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺩﻻﺌل ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺤﻘﻪ ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﺨﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺤﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬

‫ﻼ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫‪١٩٩٤/٦/٧‬ﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺕ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻌﻠ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺴﻭﻯ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻔﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻋﻀﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺤﺭﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻁﺭﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻜﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻪ ﻭﺨﺒﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٢٩٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/١/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﺒﺎﻥ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/١١/٢٤‬ﻡ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﺴﻴﻤﺔ ﺭﺍﺘﺏ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥/١١/١٠‬ﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺒﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺯﻤﻼﺌﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٨‬ﻡ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻊ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻐﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻀﺤﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺴﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻀﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٢٨‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﺒﺒﺴﻁ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻠﺏ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٧‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٥‬ﻡ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٧/١٠/٧‬ﻡ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﻋﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺒﺨﻔﺽ ﺭﺍﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﻝﻎ ﺇﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺨﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺍﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﹰﺍ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻙ – ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ – ﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻤﺜ ﹰ‬
‫‪١٩٩٦/٣/٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺴﺤﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺇﻋﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺼﺎﺤﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺤﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﺘﻘﻁﻊ – ﺒﻼ ﺭﻴﺏ –‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٧‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺄﻤﺩ ﻁﻭﻴل ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻁﻊ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫"‪ "٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪،١٨٧١‬‬ ‫ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٠‬ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٤١٢‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺩ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺤﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺼﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﻌﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻵﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻘﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻴﺼﻴﺏ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻻﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻁﺎﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻌﺯﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١١‬‬

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‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻭﻅﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻏﻼﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﻭ ﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻭﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﻤﻨﻘﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺒـ "ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل"‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻑ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻴل ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﺘﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﺼﻴﺔ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻐﺭﺽ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]…æ‚‘îׂÚù]íÖ^Şj‰cV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﺌل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻲ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٩٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻹﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﻝﺤﻠﻭل ﺃﺠل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﻝﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺴﻌﻲ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺈﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺴﻌﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ ﻭﺴﺅﺍﻝﻬﻡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﻭل ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻭﻤﻼﺒﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻻ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﺴﻘﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ( ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٩٧٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٩٠‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٩١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٢/١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ ٤٠٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٦٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/١/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ ٣٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﳌﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻨﻘﻀﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﻭﻏﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻻﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻘﺒﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺭﺴﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺴﺩ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻴﺤﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻔل ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﻁﻴل ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٦ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٨٠‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪١٨١‬؛ ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،٩٤ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٦‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠١‬‬

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‫ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻭﻻﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﻼﻤﺘﻪ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺌﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﺄﻨﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﻅﺎﺭ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﻨﻀﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺒل‬
‫ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﹸﺭﻫﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺭﺒﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺴﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻭﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٧٧‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬؛‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٣‬‬

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‫ﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻡ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺸﻴﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺈﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺴﺩ ﻤﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥‬‬

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‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﺨﺫﻩ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻻ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺯﺩﻭﺍﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺨﻠﺹ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﺎﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪ (١‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨١‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٦‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ‬
‫ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٠١‬؛‬
‫ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٧٧‬ﺹ‪٤٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍ ﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٠٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٦‬‬

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 ‫‪ áøÂý]æ_†ŽßÖ]êÏè†ÇeÜ×ÃÖ]Ø’¬á_VÙæù]½†ŽÖ]I‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﻭل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺒﺩﻴﻬﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﺒﺭﺍﺯﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﻴﻼﺯﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻨﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺎﻻﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻷﻥ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻗﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻷﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻝﻜﻥ ﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩﺍ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺴﻭﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٢٨‬؛ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺤﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺘﻐﻴﺏ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺌﻪ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨٥‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٧‬؛ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٥٠٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٨٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ (٢٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ )ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺭﻓﻀﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺇﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﺒﺎﻹﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻗﻴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﺈﻥ "ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻝﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻨﺔ ﻜﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪æ_ğ^éß¾÷]ğ‚ÒöÚğ^éßéÏèë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ^eÜ×ÃÖ]áçÓèá_g«VêÞ^nÖ]½†ŽÖ] -‬‬
‫]‪ ^ğ é•]Ê‬‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﹰﺍ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻝﻌل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺭﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٤٩‬ﺹ‪٢٥٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺩﻋﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻜﺎﺩ ﻻ ﺘﺨﻠﻭ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١١‬ﺹ‪٧١٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻋﺼـﻔﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺴـﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٣‬؛ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٥‬ﺹ‪٦٨٦‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٧‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٢٨‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴـﺽ ﻭﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐــﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٠٩‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٣٣‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺹ‪١٣٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺒﻔﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻘﻭل‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٦/١٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪) :‬ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢١٠١١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٣/٢٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺴﻼﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺄﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﺍﻍ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻪ)‪،(١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٨‬ﺹ‪ ،٨٩٩‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭل‪) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫– ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ – ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﺒﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻝﻴل ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪١٩٩٩/٨/٣١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺒﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻨﺔ ﻜﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻭﺍل ﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﺔ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٨٦٠٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٨‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٩٤‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨٣٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٩‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٣٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٥‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٥٢‬؛ ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٦٧١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/١/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪ ٣٣٦‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ‪ ١٣٩٣٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٨‬ﻕ‪ ٩٥١٤ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ٤٩‬ﻕ‪ ١٥١٠ ،‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪،٥٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٣٤٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻭﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٧٣٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ١٨‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٤٦٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١١‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﺯ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺇﺠﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻀﺭ ﺒﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻴﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺅﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﺽ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﺔ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻝﻠﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻴﻌﻠﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪äi^èçj¦ÄéÛ¢ğøÚ^ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ^eÜ×ÃÖ]áçÓèá_g«VoÖ^nÖ]½†ŽÖ] -‬‬
‫‪ 冑^ßÂæ‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﻩ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٣٣‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١٤‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٨٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٦٨٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٨٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧١٤‬ﺹ‪٧١٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬

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‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺄﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺄﻜﺩﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٦‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٢٦‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ –‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٨٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴـﺽ ﻭﺩﻋــﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐــﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٠٩‬ﺹ‪٣١٠‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺭﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺇﺫ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺃﻁﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺤﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺇﻁﻼﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﺭ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻔﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻪ ﻭﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﺒﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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‫‪è…^i » ë…]ý] …]†ÏÖ^e éÏéÖ] Ü×ÃÖ] Ùç’u l^fmc g« VÄe]†Ö] ½†ŽÖ] -‬‬
‫¦‚ ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻝﻠﺯﻭﺍل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺒﺩﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻭﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻝﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ )ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺴﺘﻴﻥ‬

‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺇﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺨﻠﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻀﺩﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٨٦٠٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٥١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪ ٨‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪٦٩٤‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٤٣‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ – ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ – ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬؛‬
‫ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٠‬‬

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‫ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ()‪ ،(١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ )ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٢/١٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ()‪،(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺘﺸﺩﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻴﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺤﻰ ﺒﻼ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/٧‬ﻡ‪" .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/١٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢٥٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٥٦/١٢/٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٩‬ﺹ‪١٤٠‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻ‬
‫ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﺅﻜﺩﹰﺍ ﻭﻨﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺠﻬﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺴﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺘﹸﺜﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺤﺩﺍﺜﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺩﻝﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴـﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺇﺴﻨﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﻤﺴﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٧٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺼﻠﺕ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻼﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺄﻤل ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻵﺜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺒﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻔﺼﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪ :‬‬
‫ﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻪ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﺎﻀﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﺼل ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻠﻔﺕ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻻﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﺠﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﺒﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﻤﺩ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﲡﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺂﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺸﻬ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﺩﻡ ﹶﺘﺄْﻜ‪‬ﻴﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬

‫ﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﹶﻗ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻡ ِﺇﺜﹾﺒ‪‬ﺎﺘﹰﺎ ﺒ ﹶ‬
‫ﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ "ﺜﹶﺒ ﹶ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻹﺜﹾﺒ‪‬ﺎﺕﹲ ﻝﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻤﻨﻪ ﺃﺜﹾ ‪‬ﺒ ﹶ‬
‫‪‬ﺩﻝِﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺎل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﻏﺎﻝﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻫﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﺘ ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻭﺼ‪‬ل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل‪" :‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺸﻬﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺸﺨﺼ ‪‬‬
‫ﻱ ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل‪" :‬ﺸﺎﻫﺩ‬
‫ﻲ ﻤﺩ‪‬ﻋﻰ ﺒﺄ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨ ‪‬‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻴﺅﻴ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻻﺩ‪‬ﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ‪" :‬ﺸﺎﻫﺩ ﻨﻔﻲ"‪ .‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎل‪" :‬ﻤﻭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪،‬‬
‫ﻴﻘﺎل‪ :‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺒﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﻼل‪ :‬ﺤﻠﻭل ﺸﻬﺭ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻭﺒﺩﺍﻴﺘﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻫﻼﻝﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺸﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺍﺌﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺭﺍﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻡ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌل ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٩‬؛ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٠٣‬؛ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺡ ﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٥‬؛ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٨‬؛ ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦٧‬؛ ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻝﺤﻤﻴﻡ ﺯﻝﻴﺨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻨﻔﻲ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٩٣‬؛ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻝﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٦ ،١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪) ،٢٦٨‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠٠١/٥/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ‪٢٠٠١/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ(؛‬
‫ﻁﺎﺏ ﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻼﺯﻤﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﻓﺭﺽ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫ﺒﻭﺴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﺍﺜﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪١٤٢٨/٤/٨-٦ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-٢٣ -‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧/٤/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٥‬ﺹ‪١٦‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺸﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‬
‫‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٨‬؛ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ ﺹ‪ ،١٠١‬ﺴﻨﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻜﻭﺜﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﺎﻝﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺒﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻗـﺭﻭﻑ ﻤـﻭﺴـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﻀﺭ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻠﻜل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻅﺭﻭﻓﻬﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻘﻴﺩ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺭﻭﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺈﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﻬﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ – ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻫﺭﺠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﺭﻗﻪ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩‬؛ ﻓﻴﺼل ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺀﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻝﻸﺒﺤﺎﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠١٢ ،٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪٢٠١٠/١٢/٢١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪٢٠١٢/٩/١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٤١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻴﺘﺨﺫ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﹰﺎ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﺯﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﺼل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٢٣‬ﺹ‪٣٢٤‬؛ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻤﺴﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻤﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﻀﺭ ﺒﺴﻜﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨١‬؛ ﺭﺍﺌﺩ ﺼﺒﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺯﻴﺭﺠﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪٢٠١١-٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
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 ‫ﻭﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٨‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل")‪ ،(٣‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﻨﻨﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻋﻁﻰ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﺘﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٨٣٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/٤/٥‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٨‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٩/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴــﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺼــﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٦٨/٥/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋ‪‬ﺩل ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪ (٦٣) .‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/٥/١٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺅﺘﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ‪٢٠١٢/١٢/١٢ - ١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝـﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬

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‫ﻷﺠل ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﺒل ﻝﻪ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻀﻴﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﻬﻨﺩ ﻨﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻬ ﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺘﻤﺤﻴﺹ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺠﺎﺯﻤﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻏﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻭﻗﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺫ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺘﺤﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺴﻠﺴل ﻓﻲ ﺘﺩﺭﺝ‬
‫ﻫﺭﻤﻲ ﺘﺼﺎﻋﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﺴﺎﻭﻯ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻴﺸﺎﺀ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٢/٢٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺩﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺩﻱ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻝﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﻬﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻬﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
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‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﱰﺍﻑ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻠﻭﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺘﺼل‬
‫ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‬

‫ﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "١٣٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ( ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٢٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ )ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﻜل ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺭﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﻴﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺒﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻓﻰ ﺁﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﻁﺭﻗﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻗﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻰ ﻫﻭ ﺴﻨﺩ ﺤﺼﺎﻨﺘﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٩٨٥٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ ‪٢٠٠٤/٢/٧‬ﻡ )ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺼﻌﻭﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﻌﻠﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﹰ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﻔﺭﻭﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻓﻼﺡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ٧٠‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪(١١٠‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪ ٨٣٢‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪ ،(٨٣٥‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ(؛ ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬

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‫ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﺕ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﺔ ﻤﺘﻤﻴﺯﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٧٠‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪(١٨٠‬؛ ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٢٠‬ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺹ‪(١٧١‬؛ ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٥١‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪(٣٦١‬؛ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪) ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٨‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺹ‪(٣٦‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺨﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺤﻭل "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺭﺍﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻤﻲ ‪٢٩-٢٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺒﺭﺯﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ :‬ﻁﻤﻴﻥ ﺴﻬﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/١١/٣‬ﻡ؛ ﺒﻼل ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ؛ ﺒﺩﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺠﻌﻔﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻝﻲ "ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﻅﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺤﺴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ؛ ﻤﺤﻤــﻭﺩ ﺠـﺎﻤـﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻷﺠل ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ)‪(٢‬ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻪ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻨﻭﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ؛ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‬
‫ﺭﺯﻕ ﻨﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ – ﺩﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٥٣-٥‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٩‬ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻌﺩﺓ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٣٠‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٤٣٠/٢/٢٩‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪٢٠٠٩/٢/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻨﺴﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪” .‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪” .‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ(‬

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‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴل ﺴﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﻤﻭﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺠﺯﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ ﻭﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺼﺭﻴﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺤل ﺇﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺒﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻤﻠﻤﺤﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﺭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺸﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻭﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻗﺔ ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻴل‬
‫ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺭﻓﺽ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﺼﻠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﺭﺕ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺎﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪) ،‬ﺹ‪-٤٦٧‬ﺹ‪،(٥٠٥‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٤٦٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٠‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٧٨‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻘل ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻨﻔﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻐﺭﺽ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺘﻪ ﻝﺨﻠﻕ ﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺜﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻀﻑ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤل ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫل ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﺴﻼﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻤﺎ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﻝﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻜﻨﺎ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﻪ ﻤﺜﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٧٧‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٧٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭﺒﻌﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺎﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺼﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﻔﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺸﻜل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺭﺘﻬﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻤﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻝﻸﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫"ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﺯﻭﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٥٩‬؛ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٠‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺱ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ – ﺸﻁﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﺭﻡ – ﺠﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﺓ ‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺃﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻗﺼﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻁﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ" ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﻭﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ" ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻨﺴﺨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺼﺭ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺹ‪٢٧٠‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٣٥‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪:‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٣٦‬؛ ﻭﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫‪Saulius Ragaisis, Adomas Birstunas, Antanas Mitasiunas, & Arunas‬‬
‫‪Stockus, "Electronic Archive Information System". In DB & Local‬‬
‫)‪Proceedings, 2012, p.107-p.114, (PDF‬‬
‫‪- Website: www.ceur-ws.org/Vol-924/paper11.pdf‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺀ‪ ٤ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ١١:٥٥:٢٦ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﺄﻜﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻱ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﺠﻨﺒﻪ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺩﻗﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻡ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺨﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺨﻠﺹ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ "ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻤل ﻓﻨﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻩ ﺠﻬﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻁﺎﻝﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻨﺤﻬﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻏﺎﻨﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٦١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺒﺎﺼﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٢٨٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٩٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺯﻫـﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﻴﺴـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ )ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ( ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﻨﺭﺍﺴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٤‬ﺹ‪ ،٢١٥‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٩‬‬

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‫ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻤﻨﺤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺠﻠﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ)‪،(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻫﻲ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٤٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/٥‬ﻡ)‪.(٥‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻘﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١‬ﺹ‪١٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٩‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٧‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪(http://www.mof.gov.eg/Arabic/Pages/Home.aspx).‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٥ ،‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ١٢:٠٨:١٦ ،‬ﺹ‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﻅﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺎل ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻭﻴل)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻤل ﻓﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺨﺎﻝﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻝﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺜﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺒﻌﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺯﻴﻨﺏ ﺒﻨﻌﻭﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺵ‪٢٠١١/١/٢٧ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣٤‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٢‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﳏﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﺘﺸﺫ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺴﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺄﻤﺭ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﻀﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﻜﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻌﻑ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻩ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﺒﺎﺩﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﺠﻪ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻴﻭﺠﻪ ﻝﻸﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺜﺒﺕ ﺇﻤﺘﻼﻜﻪ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻤﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﻜﺒﺭ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺼل ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﺴﻴﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻨﺼﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﻻ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺇﺘﺤﺎﺩ ﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪løÚ^ù] áçÞ^Î Å憎Ú Ý^Óuù ^ğ ÏÊæ êÞæÓÖý] ë…]ý] …]†ÏÖ] l^fmc V÷ğ æ_ I‬‬
‫]‪ íéÞæÓÖý‬‬
‫ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺒــﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٩٤‬ﺹ‪٢٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺘﹸﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻨﺼﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺘﺨﺼﺹ ﻴﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺸﻜل ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﻔﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺨﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻘﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﻀﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﺴﺠل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺨﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺢ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻫﻭ "ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺴﺠل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺜل ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻀﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻓﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺎﻫﺯ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻭﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل‪ :‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٨‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ؛ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺩﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٣‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﻀﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٩‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٩٤‬؛ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﺭﻓﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٥٨‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٩‬؛ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٥‬ﺹ‪١٦٦‬؛ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٦٧٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦٣‬ﺒﻼل‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١١٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٩٨‬‬

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‫‪àÓµ oéŠ ^ãe ¾^ËjuþÖ í×e^Î ØrŠÖ] » 쁅]çÖ] l^Úç×ù] áçÓi á_ .١‬‬
‫]‪.(١)‚Ãe^ÛéÊ^ãéÖcÅçq†Ö‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻷﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ‬
‫ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻁﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻪ ﻝﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﺘﺴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻹﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻔﻅ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪ ٢٧-٢٥‬ﺃﻏﺴﻁﺱ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﺭﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١٠‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٤‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٤٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻤﻊ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻨﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺼﺩﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺤﻔﻅ ﻜﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪Ù^‰…ý]æ ð^ŽÞý] ‚ß äé× á^Ò ë„Ö] Øӎ×Ö ^ğ ÏÊæ ØrŠÖ^e ¾^Ëjuý] .٢‬‬
‫‪.(١)Ü׊jÖ]æ‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺒل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻋﺎﺼﺭﺕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺒﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻔﻅﻪ ﻴﻘﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٣١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٣٢‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٨‬؛ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨٢‬ﺹ‪٦٨٣‬‬

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 ‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﻭﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ‬
‫ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪Ù^‰…ý] kÎææ è…^i ‚€æ Ü×jŠ₣¹]æ ðêŽß¹] î× l^Úç×ù] Ù‚i á_ .٣‬‬
‫‪.(٣)Ü׊jÖ]æ‬‬
‫ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻹﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺄﻁﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﺒﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻨﺸﺄﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻠﻤﻴﻥ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﻭﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺘﻔﺼﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٨٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻁﺎ ﺴﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ )ﺝ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬

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‫ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﺠﺩﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،١٠١‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣٧‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨٧‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٦٢١‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٦٢٢‬؛ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٠‬؛‬
‫ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٠٧‬ﺹ‪٣٠٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺤﺭﺼﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ ﺘﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺴﺴﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٩‬‬

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 ‫‪:(١)íÎøÃÖ]l]ƒl^ã¢]^⁂€Ö]½æ†ŽÖ]íÊ^Òð^Ëéj‰] .٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺎﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺴﺠل ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺸﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻏﺎﻤﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻊ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺇﺜﺎﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻴﺔ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻌل ﺤﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺭﺩ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ 높¹]êÞçÞ^ÏÖ]Ý^¿ßÖ]»êÞæÓÖý]ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]l^fmcV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﻤﺠﺩﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ )ﺩ(‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٧‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻴﻤﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﻭﺴﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺩﺨﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺫﻫﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﻋﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ)‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﺎﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٤‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪” ،(١٤‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٨‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﺤﺩﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﺝ‪ .‬ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺸﻑ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻹﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ )‪ (١١ ،١٠ ،٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ)‪ ،(١‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺄ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺭﺴل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﺨﺯﻥ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻠﺘﺎﻥ ﺘﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻋﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﺴﻙ ﺒﻪ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺒﺩﺀ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٥‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨‬ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ V^ğ éñç•íuçŠÛ¹]íè…]ý]l]…]†ÏÖ]íéruV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ "ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺌﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺨﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻷﺠل ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )ﺃ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )ﺏ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٨‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )ﺝ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٦‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﺯﺍﺕ ﻜﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٦‬‬

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 ‫ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻝﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺭﻑ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ "ﺒﺎﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻫﺎ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺘﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻋﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺤﺘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﻜﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻗﹸﺼﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل‬
‫ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻹﻴﺼﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻫﺩﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻬﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻴﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﻔﺫ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻪ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٢٣‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻗﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺤﻬﺎ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺴﺦ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل "ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻭﺭﺓ" ﻭﺘﺄﺨﺫ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ "ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺼﺭﺡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ .١) :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻭﺘﻭﺴﺘﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ‪ .٢ .‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻸﺼل ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺼل()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺘﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﺘﺒﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺇﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻭﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻸﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻸﺼل‪ ،‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺼل(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪ VêÞæÓÖý]Ø‘ù]àÚğ^éÎ…æíÂçf޹]íè…]ý]l]…]†ÏÖ]íéruV^ğ Ãe]… -‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﻴﺽ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺴﻭﺤﺔ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﺼﻠﻪ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺤﻅﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﻡ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﻅﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺼﺩﻗﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻤﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻬﻡ ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﻁ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٠‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﺩﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻭﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻸﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺼﻔﻪ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻻ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻭﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻭﻗﻌﻭﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻤﻀﺎﺀﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺄﺨﺘﺎﻤﻬﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺒﺒﺼﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺼﺎﺒﻌﻬﻡ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎﻩ ﻗﺒل ﻗﻠﻴل‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻝﻠﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﻭﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻷﺼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ()‪ ،(١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﻭﺨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻷﺼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻌﺎﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬ ‫ﺸﻜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﺠﺠﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺴﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻌل ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﺕ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻝﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﺱ ﺘﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻅﺭﻭﻑ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻓﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٦‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪) ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥١٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٠/٢/٢٠‬ﻡ ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩١‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﻌﻘﻴﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﺁﻨﻔﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻴﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﺼﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻅﻬﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﺨﺫﻩ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻗﻭﻝﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺜﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻥ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﺭﺃﻱ ﻓﻘﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻐﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺃﻥ ﺃﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﻀﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺜﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٩٥‬ﺹ‪٢٩٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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704
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺕ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺸﻬﺩﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻠﺤﻅ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺒﺴﻁ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻼ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺭﺴﻲ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻜﺄﺩﻝﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻋﺐء ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺴﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺐء ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤـﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴـﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻋﻤل ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٠‬ﻋﻁﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﺸـﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌـﻡ ﻋﻜـﺎﺸـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٦‬ﺹ‪١٧‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺃﺼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻋﻰ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺒﻼ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻨﻔﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻁﺎﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ‬

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‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﻘﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﻤﺭ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻝﻠﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺼﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺌﻥ ﻤﻠﺯﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻜﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴـﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٠‬ﺹ‪٥٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫"ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ – ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٩‬ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻫل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٦/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺒﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺨل ﺒﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ‬
‫ﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٢/١١/١٩‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺇﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﺭﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻭﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ)‪ ،(١‬ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻗﻀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،...‬ﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٩٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٧٣/١٢/٣٠‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺼﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻋﻰ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٩٧٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣٣‬‬
‫ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٩١/١١/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٨٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻗﺭﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻭﻗﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﺏﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻤل ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺩﻋﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠٢٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٣٤‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠/٢/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﺴﺎﻡ ﺼﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(١٧-١٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﺤﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﺍﻷﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٦‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٠‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻗﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺇﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻀﻡ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻴﻨﻬﺽ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻝﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺘﻰ ﺤﺎﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺎﺼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٧٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺄﻤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻁﺎﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺤﻤل ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﺏ ﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻴﺒﺭﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﻭﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺸﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﻭﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻻ ﻴﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٢/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٨٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٥/٣١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،١٩‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦١‬؛ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧‬؛ ﺴﺎﻴـﻜﻲ ﻭﺯﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻲ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺭﻉ "ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ‬
‫– ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ‪-٢٠١٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤‬؛ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻫﻴﻜـل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪،...‬‬

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‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺘﺼﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺸﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻜﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻷﺼﻭل)‪.(١‬‬

‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٢‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣١٧‬؛ ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻗﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻓﻨﺒﺭ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٩٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺘﻘﻀﻲ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻷﺼل ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻁﻼﻗﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻝﺏ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺴﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﻔﻴ ﹰﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺫﻝﻙ‪...‬ﺇﻝﺦ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻨﻜﻠﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻘﻴﻡ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﻋﺏﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤٩٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ١٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٧٣/١٢/٣٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢٩٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٨٨/١١/ ٢٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٢‬ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٨٣٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٩٩/١١/١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٨‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٩‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣٦٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٣١‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ‬
‫‪١٩٨٧/١/٢٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٩٥‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧٠١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٤٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/١٢/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٢‬ﺹ‪١٤٦‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﻀﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻴﺭﺘﻜﺯ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺇﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺈﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﻭﻝﻭﺝ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻥ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨٤‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ "ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل – ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٤٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٢٤‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫‪٥١٥‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌـﻭﺩﻱ‪،....‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٧٧‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٥٧‬؛ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺭﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣١٩‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٤‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٧‬؛ ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٥‬ﺹ‪١٣٦‬؛‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠﻠﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣١٢‬‬

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‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻲﺀ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻁﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻨﺯﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻪ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﺩﻩ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻜﺄﻥ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﺩﻋﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻪ ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﺤﻀﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٣١٧‬ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺒﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٣‬؛ ﻨﺒﻴﻠـﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺠﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨٥١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٧٤/١١/١٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﻭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٣٠‬ﺹ‪٣٣١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻹﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺠل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﺴﻠﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﻴﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﻀﻲ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠﻠﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٢٣٠‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٧‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻋﺐء ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻫﺎ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﺩﻴﻪ ﺃﺤﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻐﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﻴﻤﻠﻙ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻝﻺﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﺘﺒﺎﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﺤﺎل ﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﻩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻻﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻠﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻋﺼﻔﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤١٥‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻜﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺸﻴﻭﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﺃﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎﻥﹴ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﻝﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻜﺭﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻓﻬﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪١٥٠‬؛ ﻨﻀﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺘﺎﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤‬؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺇﻋﺘﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺨﻁﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻭﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺒﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻘﺎﻀﺎﺓ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٠٠٠/٣٢١‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪١٢‬‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٦‬ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻜﺩ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻁﻌﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺩﻉ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻗﻠﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٦‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١‬؛ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻡ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٢٢‬؛ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٥٠‬؛ ﻨﺸﻭﻯ ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺇﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻕ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻁﻭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣‬؛ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ؛ ﺹ‪ ،٨١‬ﺇﻝﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٥‬؛ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨‬؛ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٨‬ﺹ‪٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٢‬ﺹ‪٦٣‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴـﻰ ﺸﺤـﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٦١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ )ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﺽ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﻘﺎﻁﻌﺔ "‪ "du jura‬ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٦‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ‬

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‫ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﺩﻯ ﻗﻠﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﺩﺍﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻻﺌﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻠﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺤﻭل ﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻡ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﻭل ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻔﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺃﺠﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭل )ﺃﻥ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺎﻨﺔ – ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ‪ -‬ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻠﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺩﻋﻡ ﻭﺃﻜﺩ ﻁﻌﻨﻪ ﺒﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻠﻡ ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ "‪ "Besancon‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ(‪ .‬ﻴﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٨‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ .‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٦٣‬ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ "‪ ،"Nantes‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ٧‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٦٣‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٥٦٤‬ﺹ‪٥٦٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٦‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٢١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺤﺭﺼﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻭﻻﹰ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﺩﺍﺭﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺯﻭﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻤﻔﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺇﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﻻﺌﺤﻪ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺎﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻻ ﺘﻜﻔﻲ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺈﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻨﺴﺦ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل ﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٦٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ )ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻴﻌﺩ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬

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‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺘﻭﺠﺩ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﻘﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻴﻜﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﻗﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺭﺴﺎل ﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻡ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻌل‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﻗﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل ﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻡ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺅﻜﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻴﺩﺍﻉ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯﻩ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻁﹸﻠﺏ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‪ ،‬ﺒل‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺭﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺼل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٥٩‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٨‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺘﻜﻔل ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎل ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻬﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺒل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺱ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻝﻔﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻜﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﻤﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺨﻠﻭ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻝﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺤﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻤﻀﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﻝﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﻫﺫﻩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،..‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺒﺩﺀﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻴﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﺠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/٢/٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﻨﺯﻉ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/٨/١٥‬ﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/١٠/٣٠‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ "‪..."٤٧‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺒﺎﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﺀ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ)‪ ،(١‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﺎﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻝﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٨/١٠/١٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻗﺩﻡ ﻭﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻠﺴﺘﻪ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٩/٩‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٩/١١/٢٠‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻀﺎﺕ ﻭﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﻀﺎﻓﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪ "١٥٠٠/١٣/٩٨‬ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺄﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٤/٢١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻷﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫‪ ٧٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻨﺎﻓﺫﹰﺍ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻤﻀﻲ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺤﻴﻔﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٠/٧/٥‬ﻡ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٢/١٢/١٨‬ﻡ"‬
‫ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﺘﻨﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻰ ﻀﺩﻩ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﺨﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٩/٤‬ﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺘﻨﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٧/٢١‬ﻡ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﻌﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٥/٣١‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،...) :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٢٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٢‬ﻡ ﻤﻌﺘﻘﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻓﻲ ‪ ٧‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻏﺴﻁﺱ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٦٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺸﻬﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺩ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﻤﺫﺍﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺘﻘل ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺜﺒﺘﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺕ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺠﺭﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ‬
‫ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٣٣٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٤‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٣/٤/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻥ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻴﺘﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٢٣‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻋﺠﺯﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٥٨٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٥/١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢٥‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ "‪ "٢٤‬ﺴﺎﻝﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻤﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ‪١٩٨٠/٣١٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٤/٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺃﻭﻝﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٨٠/٨/٦‬ﻡ ﻭﺜﺎﻨﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٨٤/١/٢٤‬ﻡ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻗﺩ ﺨﻠﺕ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﻁﻊ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٨٤‬ﻡ ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺒﻌﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻻ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﺭﺴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻌﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺒﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﺭ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺭﻯ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻁﺭﺤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴل ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ( ﺤﻜﻤﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٤٩٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٣٣‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٤/١٢/٣١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤٦١‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻗﻭﻝﻬﺎ )ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺘﻔﻲ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻅﺎﻫﺭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺝ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪١٩٦‬‬
‫ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٩‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ‪١٩٦٥/١٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٢٢‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺘﺤﻤل‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﺴﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺘﻪ ﻝﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻴﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻜﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺅﺩﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﺭﺍﻩ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﺭﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻷﻱ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻜﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺤﻀﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺩﻉ ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻌﺯﺯ ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺃﺨﻔﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﻲ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣١٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٢٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٣٠‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ–‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺘﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٨-١٩٧٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٣‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤـﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻁـﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٢٨‬؛ ﻨﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١١٣‬ﺹ‪١١٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻀﺢ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺒﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪êÞæÓÖý]†ŽßÖ]l^fm]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻻ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ)‪ ،(١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺠﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺴﻤﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀﻩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﺒﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٨٤‬؛ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ "ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل – ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٠٢‬؛ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٧٨‬؛ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٥‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧١١‬؛ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌـﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،....‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٢٢‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠﻠﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤١‬‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺒﺎﻨﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺫل ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻭﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل‬
‫ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﻗﻡ ﻋﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺼﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻩ ﺒﻌﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻨﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻝﻭ ﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩﻩ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻨﻭﻫﺕ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻻﺤﻕ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭل ﺒﺄﻭل)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻬﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺤﻭﺯﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺕ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻗﺩ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺴل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﻱ ﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺫﻜﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺎﺜل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺘﻔﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ "ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ")‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٣٩‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ؛ ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٧٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻨﺄﻯ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻼﻑ ﻤﺎ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻔﺤﺹ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺘﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻪ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺒﻪ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺒﺄﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻓﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻝﻠﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺼﺤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻫﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺯﺍل ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﻗﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺒﻲ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻨﺴﺠﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﻤﻥ ﻨﻔﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺠﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﻩ ﺃﺠل‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ)‪.(٢‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ٥٨٢-٣١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٥/١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪١٩٨٠-١٩٦٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٠٩‬‬

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 ‫‪VêÞæÓÖý]áøÂý]l^fmcV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﺤﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻪ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺇﺴﺘﻼﻤﻪ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻗﻭﻓﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻪ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ‬
‫ﻤﺅﻜﺩ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻭﻝﻌل ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻀﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺭﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺼﻭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻪ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻨﺘﻘل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺘﺒﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻻﺯﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻨﻘل ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺨﺭﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻭﻙ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ‬

‫ﻼ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺘﻔﺼﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٧٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٧٤‬ﺹ‪٣٧٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٧‬‬

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‫ﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻨﺠﺯﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺤﺽ ﺃﻱ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻴﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻝﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻭﻨﻔﻴﺎﹰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻁﺭﺃ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻭﺍﻤل ﻭﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﺠﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٠‬ﺹ‪١٤١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٧٩‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﻋﻤﺎل ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺒﺴﻁ ﻨﻔﻭﺫﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ)‪،(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﺤﺹ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﻝﻠﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺤﻅﻴﺕ ﺒﺈﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﻌﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻭﻴل ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻁﻠﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻘﺒﻭل)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺎﻻﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺢ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻜﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻭﺠﺩ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺴﻠﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺇﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٣٨‬ﺹ‪١٣٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﺇﺫﺍ ﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻪ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺘﻠﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺘﻔﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺈﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺴﺘﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻁﻠﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺘﻔﺎﻕ(‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺼل ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺩﺭﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻷﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺘﻪ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﺴﻁ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻘل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻘﺎﺴﻤﻪ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺨﺼﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻨﺸﻴﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺇﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺒﺈﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻠﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﻤﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺩ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼل ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﺘﺅﻜﺩ ﻭﺼﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺩ ﺁﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻨﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻨﺠﺩﻩ ﺨﻼ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺭﻕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ )ﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺒﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻕ ﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل(‪.‬‬

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‫ﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻌل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻝﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﻝﺕ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺘﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺒﻭﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ VéÏéÖ]Ü×ÃÖ]l^fmcV^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﻠﻨﻪ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻜﺘﺴﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﹰﺍ ﻓﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒل ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺤﻭل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻭل‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻭﻗﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻜﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٦٠‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺼﻴل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٨‬‬

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 ‫ﻭﺘﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﺘﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺩﺨﻠﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺠﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻥ ﻝﺼﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺃﻨﻬﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺼل ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺨﻼﻑ ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٣‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺕ ﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻪ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺜﺒﻭﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﺒل ﻤﻌﻪ ﺒﺩﺀ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻊ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻤﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺠﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ)‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻜﻜل‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺒﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ -‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٢‬ﺹ‪١٤٣‬؛‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪٣١٢ ،‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬‬

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‫ﺒﺼﻌﻭﺒﺘﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻱ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺩﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻁﺎﻋﻥ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺫﻜﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺘﻘﻑ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒﻼ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺤﺩﻭﺙ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻤﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٩٣‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻋﺼﻔﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٤١٥‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٧٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،...) :‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻁﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴ ﹰﺎ ﺒﻔﺤﻭﺍﻩ ﻭﺃﺴﺒﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﺘﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/١١/٢٦‬ﻡ" ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻗﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﻋﻠﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻴﺜﺒﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺤﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ(‪ .‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٨‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٥‬ﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٨١‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،٣١٠ ،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺃﺸﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ )ﻋﺠﺯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺅﺩﺍﻩ ﺍﻫﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﺍﻩ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ‪ ١٢٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٨‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٥/٢/١٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪١٩٨٠-١٩٦٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٠٧‬‬

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‫ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﻝﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒل‬
‫ﻴﺘﻭﺠﺏ ﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺩﻗﺔ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺈﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻤﻭل ﺒﻪ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺠﻬﺩ ﻓﻨﻲ ﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺍﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﻜﻔﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤﺘﻰ ﻋﺠﺯﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻼ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺄﻱ ﺃﺠل)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٤٨‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٤٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻨﺎﻥ ‪ ٥٨٢-٣١٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٥/١/١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٠٩‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩ ﻭﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ‪:‬‬
‫ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﻼﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻤﺩﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺤﻭل ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻠﻌﺏ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﺤﺩﺍﺜﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺜﻴﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﺤﻭل ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﺴﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﻴﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺼﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻭﺤﻠﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤل ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻌﺩ‬
‫ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻜﻠﻪ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻠﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤل ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺜﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ l^fmý]»íéÞæÓÖý]íe^jÓÖ]íérŠêÃ膎jÖ]Í]Âý]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﺩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻴﻪ ﺒﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٤٨‬؛ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٧٧‬؛ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٤٩‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤٤‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨٥‬ﺹ‪١٨٦‬‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺨﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻀﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻷﺠل ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻌل ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺨﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻠﺏ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﻅﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻗﺭﺭﺕ ﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺠﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺇﻝﺯﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦٧‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻝﻘﺩ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ "ﺒﺎﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ" ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٢‬‬

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‫ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ()‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺴﻭﺨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻷﺼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ()‪ ،(٢‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‪) :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻁﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺭﺍﻙ()‪،(٣‬‬
‫ﺜﻡ ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‪) :‬ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻠﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ )ﺃ( ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺩ ﺨﺎﻤﺴﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻱ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺃﻭﺭﺩ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ )ﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺃﻭ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻬﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻜﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ(‪ .‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٨‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺤﻅﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻝﺩﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻓﺭﺩ ﻝﻪ "ﻓﺭﻉ ﺨﺎﺹ" ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٥٣ – ٥‬ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ‬
‫ﻅﻬﻴﺭ ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١-٧ –١٢٩‬ﻓﻲ ‪ ١٩‬ﻤﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻌﺩﺓ ‪ ١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪٣٠‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥٥٨٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٧/١٢/٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ "ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ" ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻭﺤﺎﻭﻝﻭﺍ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﻫﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻤﺎﻴﺯﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ)‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻤﺎ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺘﹸﻌﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ)‪ ،(٥‬ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﺀ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٦٠‬؛ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٩٤‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٦‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤـﺒﺭﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣٤‬‬

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‫ﻝﻸﻭﺭﺍﻕ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻋﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺈﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ )ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﺭﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻭﺯ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺭﻜﻴﺯﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺸﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻝﻡ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺭﻜﻥ ﻹﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻝﻠﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ ﻻ‬
‫ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺭﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﻹﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﺘﻰ ﻏﺎﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻓﻼ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﻌﻘﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻁﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﺏ ﺃﻭﻝﻰ ﻴ‪‬ﺼﻌﺏ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺭﻜﻨﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﺭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺭﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻀﻌﻴﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺭﻜﻥ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﻠﻭﻝﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﻐﻁ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻴﺏ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻪ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻌﺎﺩل ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﻜﺎﻝﺭﻫﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺒﺔ ﻭﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٧٦‬ﺹ‪٧٧‬؛ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺒﺭﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺹ‪٣٥‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻬﺠﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٢‬؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٥‬؛ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٦١٠‬‬

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‫ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺴﻭﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺃﺨﺭﻯ()‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻼ ﺸﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺨﺼﺎﺌﺼﻬﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻨﺭﻏﺏ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ‬
‫ﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ )ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻭﻥ ﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻭﻭﺍﻀﺢ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺒﻌﻪ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻝﻌﺒﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ "ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ")‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺩﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﻭﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﺘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺼﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺏ ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﻝﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل‬
‫ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﺃﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺩﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٢٦١‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٤٩‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ "ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﺩﺓ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻬﺠﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٩٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﺘﻌﺫﺭﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﻤﻭﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻩ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﻤﻭﺽ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺒﺭﻫﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﻫﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻕ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻁ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻨﺘﻘﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻊ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻲ ﺒﺩ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﺌﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻘل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٨٢‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٩٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٤٩‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺴﻥ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ ﺯﺭﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٩‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻜﺭﺒﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٤٦‬ﺹ‪١٤٧‬؛ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ،٥٨٢‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺹ‪٦١١‬؛ ﺴﺤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺒﺎﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬

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‫ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺴﻼﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺤﺘﻤﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻘﺭﻭﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﺸﻔﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻻ ﻝﺒﺱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻏﻤﻭﺽ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺭﻭﻑ ﺃﻡ ﺭﻤﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺒﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻹﺴﺘﺨﺭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺃﻡ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺒﻘﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻜﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﺃﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺼﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺒﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻅل ﺘﻨﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺒﺈﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ‬
‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺘﺤﻅﻰ ﺒﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻓﻀل ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،١٨٢‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺒﺎﺸﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪٤‬‬

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‫ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺩﺩﺓ ﻁﻭﻴﻠﺔ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺒﺕ ﻨﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﺙ ﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻷﻱ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻼﺕ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﺩﺨﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒل ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ‬
‫ﻓﺼل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺼل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺤﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﺒﻁ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻴﺼﻌﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﺩ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻝﻁﺎ ﺍﻹﻴﻁﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ٣١-٢٧ ،‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٦٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٣٣‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣٥٢‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤـﺒﺭﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٠٧‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٢٦١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٧‬ﺹ‪ ،٦٨‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٨‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻴﺴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻘﺼﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻭﻗﺕ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺘﻀﻊ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻌﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻝﺯﻭﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻭﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻜﻜل)‪.(١‬‬
‫‪»‚è‚qØéÖ‚ÒíéÞæÓÖý]íe^jÓ×Öë…]ý]ð^–ÏÖ]ÙçfÎï‚ÚV^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫‪ ƒ^ËßÖ]l^fmc‬‬
‫ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺤﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺘﺒﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺼﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺘﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺠﻠﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/١٢/٢٨‬ﻡ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ١٥٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

‫‪744‬‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻀﺩ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ "‪ ،"Nantes‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺃﺼﺩﺭ ﺤﻜﻤﹰﺎ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺩﺭﻩ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﻨﺎﻨﺘﻴﺱ" ‪ nantes‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠١/٦/٧‬ﻡ)‪ ،(١‬ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٦‬ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٥‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢٠٠٤/١٨‬ﻡ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺅﺍل ﻴﺜﻭﺭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺤﻭل ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺫﻝﻙ؟‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﺴﺘﺸﻬﺩ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﺤﺭﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺘﺩﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻪ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻜﺩﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻝﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﻴﻤﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﺘﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻬﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻭﺠﻬﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻜﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻝﺩﻯ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ،163‬ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢١‬‬

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‫ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻻﺴﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻀﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻬﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﺼل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ()‪ ،(١‬ﻭﺘﺎﺒﻌﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺃﺨﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭل ﺃﻨﻪ‪) :‬ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺒﻜل ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺭﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ()‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻜﺸﻔﺕ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻋﻡ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻱ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺕ ﺒﺄﻥ‪ ،...) :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺎﻹﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﺭﻱ‪...‬ﺍﻝﺦ()‪.(٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻨﻘﻭل ﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺼل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺒﻪ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻡ‬
‫ﺨﺼﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﺤﺼﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺘﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻝﻭ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻭﻁﺔ ﺒﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥٢٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٢٧‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٩٨٥٠‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ٤٦‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺕ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/٢/٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/١٠/٤‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺩﻋﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺩﻋﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻭﻓﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﱰﻭﻧﻲ ﰲ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻡ ﺒﻤﻀـﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻜﺎﻝـﺫﻱ ﻴﻨـﺘﺞ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴـﺯ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻁـﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅـﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻴﺼﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻪ)‪.(٣‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٥٨٢‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٨٤‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﻜل ﻤﻥ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦٨‬؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٢٨٦‬؛ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪،٣٠‬‬
‫ﺹ‪٣١‬؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١١٩‬‬

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‫ﻭﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺒﺸـﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﺇﺴﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﻝﻘﺒﻪ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺎﻝﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻤﻴﺯ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﺸـﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﻜﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨـﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻨﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻓﺽ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨـﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﺤﺩﺍﺜﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺨـﺭﺝ ﻋـﻥ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭﻩ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺸﺨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺎﺌل ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻌـﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﻨﻅﺭﻨﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺫﻫـﺏ ﺇﻝﻴـﻪ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺘﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﺏ ﺇﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻫﺎﺘﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﻌﻤل ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻝﻠﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪ ٦٨‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪،...‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ١٧٠‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ؛ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٣١‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺘﺘﻤـﺎﻴﺯ ﻋـﻥ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻬﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻗﻴﻕ ﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻝﺼﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﻭﻴﻤﻨﺢ ﻝﻪ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻤﻴﻼﺩﻩ ﻭﺒﺈﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﻝﻴﺱ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻷﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﻠﺼﻭﺍﺏ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒﺔ ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺩﺍﺨـل ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺒﻭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻀﺎﻑ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻘﺩ ﺃﺜﻴﺭﺕ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻌـﺎﻅﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝـﺫﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺩ ﻴﺭﻏﺒﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ)‪.(١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻋﺎﻡ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴـﺭ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻓﻜﺭﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻗﻀﻰ ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻘﻭل ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻴﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤـﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ ﻤﻀـﻤﻭﻨﻬﺎ ﻤ‪‬ﻠﺯﻤـﹰﺎ ﻝﺠﻤﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﻨﻘل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺴـﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻨﺘﻘﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٥‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٩‬ﻤﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ”ﻤ‪‬ﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ“‪.‬‬

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‫ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻜﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻭ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴـﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺜﺎﺒﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻺﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜـﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺨـﻼﻑ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺠﺢ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺴـﺘﻭﻱ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺭﻗﻨﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﺱ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺤﺼﺭ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﺘﺠﺘﻪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻨﻘل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻝـﺫﻝﻙ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﺤﻭل ﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺸﻲﺀ ﺃﺨﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﹸﺭﺴﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ)‪ ،(٢‬ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺜـﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ)‪ ،(٣‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬـﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻺﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺒﺩﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻨﺸﺄﻫﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ)‪ ،(٤‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٢٨‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪ :‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪١٦‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٢‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺃﻨﻅﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(٣‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١٤‬‬

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‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﹸﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﺇﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﺒـﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﺃﺤـﺩ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒـﺎﺩل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﻴـﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺴﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻭﻤـﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﻭﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴل ﺇﻝﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﻭل ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻨﻴﺒﻪ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻜل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ)‪.(٢‬‬
‫ﻜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺘﻌﺯﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤﻠـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﻹﺘﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺎ ﺩﺍﻤﺕ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﻭﺠﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻭﻏﺎﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺭﺴـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺩﻝﺔ ﻤﺜﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻨـﺯﺍﻉ ﻭﻓﺤﺼـﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘـﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﺘـﻰ ﻝﺠـﺄﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺨﺫ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸـﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫـﺫﺍ‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪(١‬‬

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‫ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺫﻫﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ)‪ ،(١‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﻝﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﺘـﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻤـﻪ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺜﺒﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﺒﻭﻝﻪ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻐـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (١‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،...‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٧٦‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺒﺎﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺴﺎﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ ٥٤‬ﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ‬

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 ‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤــــﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻠﻤﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻜل ﺸـﻲﺀ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻭﻁﻨﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬـﺎ ﻭﺫﻝـﻙ ﺒﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺘﻔﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﻌﻴﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﻓﺄﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺘﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺜﺎﺭ ﻜﺜﻴـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺎﻤﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﺘﺴﻠﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻡ‬
‫ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺩﺨل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻤﺅﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺠـﺯ ‪‬ﺀ ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝـﻡ ﺘﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﺃﺕ ﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ ﺒﺜﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻨﺴـﺘﻌﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺨﻠﺼﺕ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻨﺄﻤل ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ sñ^jßÖ]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺤﻡ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝـﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺭﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺴﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺠﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﻠـﺕ ﺒـﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤـﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺒﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل‬
‫ﺒﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ‪-‬ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻩ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ -‬ﻻ ﻴﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻓـﺎﺭﻕ ﻜﺒﻴـﺭ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﻠﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒـﺭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻴﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜـﺫﻝﻙ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﺎﺼﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﻭ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺇﻏﻔﺎﻝﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨـﻪ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔـﺭﺩﺓ ﻝـﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻝﺯﻤﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ‬

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‫ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺼـﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﻝﻸﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﻬـﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻴﺘﺴﻊ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺒﺎﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹼﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻊ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﺒﺂﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻨـﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻝـﺩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻌﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺭﺤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﻐﻼل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴـﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﻋـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻘﺒﻠﻪ ﻝﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗﺎﻋـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻘﻪ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻝﻪ ﻝﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴـﺒﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁﻬـﺎ ﺩﺍﺨـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﺃﺭﺴـﺕ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻝﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻔﻅ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﺃﻴـﹰﺎ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻁﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻴﻜﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻭﻴﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﺃﺼـﺩﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺤﻀﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫﻩ ﺘﻤﻬﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﻴﺭﺴﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻫﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻤـﺕ ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺝ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﻤﻨـﻪ‬‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﻔﺎﺫﻫﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻔﻴﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬

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‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﻤﻌﺩﺓ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻤﺞ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘﻲ ﺍﻻﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻫﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺃﻤـﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻝﺤﻅﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻭﺼـﻭﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ ﻤﻨﻌﺩﻤﹰﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻅل ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌـﺯل ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬـﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺤﻠﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ ﻤﻊ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ "ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ" ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﻝﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺒﺴﺭﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﻗﺘﻪ ﻭﻴﺠﻌل ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻀﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﺴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺘﺎﺤـﹰﺎ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺯﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀـل‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓـﺈﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀـﺢ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬـﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻷﺨـﺫ ﺒﻌـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻋـﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺃﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻀـﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺘﺤـﺎﺩ‬

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‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻨﻌﹰﺎ ﻻﺯﺩﻭﺍﺝ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻻ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻷﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻝﻐﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل‬
‫ﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻴﺩﻭﻱ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻝﻭﺤـﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺩ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻴﻌﻜﺱ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﻤﻨﻊ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻠﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨـﺫ ﺒﻌـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﺍﺠﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻻ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬‫ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬـﺎ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻡ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺼـﺤﺘﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺴﻁﻴﻊ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﺘﺤﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺘﺩﺨ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻴﺅﺴﺱ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻪ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺘـﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴـﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٧‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺠﻬـﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻷﺠـل ﺇﺭﺴـﺎل‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻥ ﻗـﺎﺌﻡ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺜـل ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﺜﻨﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓﻨﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺫﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺒﺩﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﻫﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺇﻋﻼﻨـﻪ ﺒﺈﺭﺴـﺎﻝﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻥ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺌﻪ ﻭﺘﻤﺘﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﻤﻭﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻁﺎﻝﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜل ﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺒل ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﺈﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺸﻲﺀ ﺴﻭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻤﻭﻁﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﻤﻅﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺨﺫﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﹸﻨﺸـﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﹸﻌﻠﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺠﻌل ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤـﻭل ﻻ ﺘﻌـﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﻝﻴـل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺇﺘﻤـﺎﻡ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺠﺎﻨـﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻴﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻴﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻨﺼﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻴﺩ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻀﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴـﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﻨﻘـل‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻐﻨـﻲ ﻋـﻥ ﺇﺭﺴـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺴﻼﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻤﻨﻭﻁ ﺒﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺼل ﺒﻐﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﻴﻘﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻻ ﻅﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻭﺍﻗﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺭﺽ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤـﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺨﻠﺼـﻨﺎ ﻤﻌـﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼـﻭﺩ‬

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 ‫ﺒﺎﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﺩﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤـﻭ ﻻﺤﻅﻨـﺎ ﻤﻌـﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺘﻜﻠﻴﻑ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﺍﻉ ﺒﺎﺤﻀـﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻗﺩ ﺍﺘﺴﻊ ﻝﻴﺸﻤل ﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺞ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻤﻘﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺸﺎﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘـﺎل ﺍﻝﻤـﺎﺩﻱ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻏﻡ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻭﺠﺩﻨﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺒـل ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﺭﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻭﺼﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻴﺭﺘﻜـﺯ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺨﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺤﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺘﻡ‬
‫ﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻷﺼل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻉ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻴﻌﺎﻤل ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﺨﻭﺫﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺼل‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻜـﺱ ﻭﺘـﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻀﻭﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺼـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺦ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﺤﻜﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻨﺠـﺩ ﺃﻨـﻪ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺘﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﻜﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀـﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬

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‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻭﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸـﺄﻥ ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻘﺭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺩﻩ ﺒﺎﻷﻋـﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘـﺔ ﺘﺒﻠـﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ ﺸﺨﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺎﺘﻔﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺯﻭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﻀﺎﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻋﻥ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﻝﻡ ﺘﻘﻡ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺃﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻁ ﺒﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﻭﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻝﻘﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻤـﻥ ﻗﺒـل ﺃﻁـﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺼـﻭﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﻘﺎﺒﻠﻪ ﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﺤﺭﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻘﻘﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝﻪ ﻜﺈﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴـﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺤﻘﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ l^{{é‘çjÖ]V^ğ éÞ^m -‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﺭﻀﻪ ﻻﺤﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺩﻋﻭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﺩﺓ "ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻼ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺭ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻑ ﻓﻌـ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬

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‫ﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺭﺘﻜـﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺘﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺒﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻔـﺭ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺘﺼـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺤﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺃﻭل ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﺎﻤـل ﻴﻀـﻊ ﻜﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻤﺭﺍﺤﻠﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻴﻀﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﻻ ﻴﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻥ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤـﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺜﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﻼ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﻴـﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﻓﻌ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﻝـﻙ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻤـﻨﺢ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻪ ﻗﻴﻤـﺔ ﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺤﺔ ﻭﺼﺭﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﺴﺤﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﺤﺭﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻤـﺎ ﻴﻼﺯﻤﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻨﺭﺍﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﻝﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓـﻲ ﻅـل ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺼـﻠﺢ ﻷﻥ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﺜﺎﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺼﻠﺢ ﻝﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫـﻲ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﹰﺍ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ‬

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‫ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﺴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻨﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺭﺍﻉ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻅﻬﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﻯ ﺸﻜﻠﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜـﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺇﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻨﺘﻤﻲ ﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻝﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺄﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﺘﺒﺎﻉ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻠﺏ‬ ‫ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻝﺯﺍﻡ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻭﺠﻴـﻪ ﺍﻷﻓـﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺒﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺭﺨﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺼـﺤﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﺄﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺹ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺴـﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺭﺴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﻹﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘـﻪ ﺠﻠﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺨﻴﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﺹ ﺼـﺭﺍﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻜﻠﻤـﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﻀـﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﺼل ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺸﺎﺸـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌـﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻴـﺔ‬

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‫ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺤﺭﺼﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻝﻜل ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒـل ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﺒﺄﻭل‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﹰ‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻨـﺎ ﻨﺄﻤـل ﺃﻴﻀـﹰﺎ ﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺭﺍﻑ ﺒـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﻷﺒﻌـﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﻲ ﺇﺒـﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺴﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴـﺎﻥ ﻋﻨـﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤـﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴـل ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒﻼﻏﻪ ﻝﻜل ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺭﻜﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل‬
‫ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁﻪ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﺨـﺭﻯ ﻓﺈﻨﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺄﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺇﻀﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺜﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺼﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻘﻘﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻨﻭﺼﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺩﻫﺎ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺎﻝﺤﻭﺍﺴﻴﺏ ﻭﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻜﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻬـﺎﺘﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻱ ﻝﻸﻓﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺴﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻫﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺘﻼﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺴﺭﻗﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﻨﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺭﻭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺒـﺩﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺠﻬﻴـﺯ‬

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‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻁﻼﻕ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﻨﺄﻤل ﺃﻴﻀ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﻗﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﺎﻜﻡ ﺒﻤـﺎ ﻴﻠـﺯﻡ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻝﻭﺠﺴﺘﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺼـﺭ ﺒﺸـﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺭﺒـﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺨﺒـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻭﺼﻭل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻹﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺼﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﻋﻭﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻻ ﺯﺍﻝﺕ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﺨﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺸـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺹ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻜﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻜـﺎﻥ ﺫﻝـﻙ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺤﺴـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺍﺌﺩ ﻝﺩﻯ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻤﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﻨﻭﺼﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﻅـل ﺘﺒﻨـﻲ ﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺒـﺭﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﻠﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺤﻤﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺘﺤـﺩﻴﺙ ﻨﺸـﺎﻁﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺩﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻌﺴﻑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺘﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻓﺈﻨﻨﻲ ﺃﺴﺄل ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺤﻤـﺩﻩ ﺤﻤـﺩﹰﺍ‬
‫ﻜﺜﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻗﺒل ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﻜل ﺸﻲ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺄﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

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768
 ‫]‪íée†ÃÖ]Äq]†¹‬‬

‫‪íÚ^ÃÖ]l^ËÖö¹]V÷ğ æ_ -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ ﻤﺤـﺎﻜﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٩-١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺯﻕ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪٢٠٠٧-١٩٤٧‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻭﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ – ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻼﻭﻱ‪-‬ﺸﺒﺭﺍ‪١٤١٧ ،‬ﻫـ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﻗﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﺒﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺃﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺴﻭﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻝـﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ٨٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺨﺭ ﺘﻌـﺩﻴﻼﺕ ‪ ،٢٠٠٦‬ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝـ‪ ،B.O.T‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﺱ ﺠﻌﻔﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴـﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٣‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﺎﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﻼل ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺡ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺒﻠـﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﻔﺼـﺎل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.١٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻭﺭﺠﻲ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﺴﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬ ‫‪.٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀـﺒﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٢٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٩١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔـﻲ ﺤﺴـﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.٢٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻴﺎﺴﻴﻥ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠـﺱ‬ ‫‪.٢٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺩ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻅﺎﻫﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٢٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤١٧‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٩٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٨‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪.٢٩‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺇﺸﻜﺎﻻﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻌﺠل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﺸﺭ"‪١٩٩٣-١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٠‬‬
‫ﻝﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪.٣١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ " ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻭﻱ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ –‬ ‫‪.٣٢‬‬
‫ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.٣٣‬‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺃﻓﺕ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٣٥‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪" ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.٣٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻤﻲ ﻋﻠﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻲ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒـﺎﺩﻻﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ )ﻤﺎﺱ(‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﺠﺏ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻨﻁﺎﻗﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺯﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﺭﺸﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٣٩‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻋﻴـﺩ ﺴـﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٤٠‬‬
‫"ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﺯﻱ ﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻋﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ – ﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٤٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٤٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻜﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪١٩٩٤-١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼـﻭل ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ – ﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪-‬‬ ‫‪.٤٦‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻝﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺌﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺴﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤـل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻗﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ "ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌـﻭﻴﺽ – ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻋﺼﻔﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٥٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺱ ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓـﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀـﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒﺘﻪ ﻷﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻤﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻴﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل ﻫﻴﻜل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪١٩٦٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٦٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﻴﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﻴﺭﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﺯﻴﺯ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺠﻠﺔ ﻨﺎﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﻤﻭﺯﻋﻭﻥ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺴﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺅﻭﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺭﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪" ،‬ﺃﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌـﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ“‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ – ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﻌﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺼﻡ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺠﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻓﻌﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫـﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﻋﺒـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭ"‪١٤٠٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٨٨ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴـﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ـﺔ –‬
‫ـﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـ‬
‫ـﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓـ‬
‫ـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﻀـ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٤-٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒـﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﻎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٧٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻬﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤﻕ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٥٤-١٩٥٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﻥ ﺒﺈﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪.٧٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٠‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻨﻘﻀﺎﺅﻩ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺇﺸـﻜﺎﻻﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪.٨١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻴﻘﺎﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٨٣‬‬
‫ﻷﺴﺱ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ ﺒﺴﻴﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒـﺎﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٨٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺘﻭﺒﻘﺎل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻐﺭﺏ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻔﻴﻅ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﺱ ﻗﺎﺴـﻡ ﺠﻌﻔـﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٦‬‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺭﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٣‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪.٨٧‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻏـﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‪-٢٠١١ ،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٨٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪٢٠١٤-٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٩‬‬
‫ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺤﻠﺏ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻁﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.٩٠‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪.‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩١‬‬
‫"ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺠﻼﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ – ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝـﺙ‬ ‫‪.٩٢‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁـﺎﺒﻊ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﻁﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁــﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬ ‫‪.٩٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺩﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸـﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٦‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪٢٠٠٣-٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺠﻭﺍﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺤـﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.٩٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺸﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴـﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ‪ -‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻴﺩﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﻼﻡ ﻝﻺﺼﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨـﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﺒﻭﻀﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺠﺴـﻭﺭ ﻝﻠﻨﺸــﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘـﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺇﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﻭﺘﻭﺭﺍﺘـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻜﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻭﺍﺒﺩﻱ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٠٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻓﻲ ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻷﺼـﻭل ﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ – ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٣-١٩٦٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٠-١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺒﻲ ﻜﺸﺭﻁ ﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﻝﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٤ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻤﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘـﻪ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ – ﻤﺩﻋﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺩﻴـﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻅـﺎﻝﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٤ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻜﺎﻤل ﺒﺭﺒﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ – ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺼﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻬل ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٤٢٦ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٦ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏـﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠـﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٧٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١١٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﻝﻴﻠﻭ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﺭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﺯﻥ ﻝﻴﻠﻭ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻤﺎﺭﻙ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺠﺒﺭ ﻨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫"ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٧-١٩٩٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٥ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٤ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺭﺸﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ "ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻴﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻝﻘﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺤﻤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﻺﻝﺘـﺯﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼـﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠-١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .١٢٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻁﺭﻗﻪ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺼﻔﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﻫﻴﺭ ﺠﺭﺍﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻫﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴـﺔ ﻤﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪١٣٦٣ ،‬ﻫــ‪-‬‬
‫‪١٩٤٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴـﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻹﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪١٩٨٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺠﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٥-١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .١٣٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼـﻭل ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻭﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺀ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻑ ﻫﻭ ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﻼﺡ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٧-٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺘـﻙ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫– ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸـﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .١٤٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁـﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﻑ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻨﻭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦٨-١٩٦٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻜﺎﻤل ﻝﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪١٩٦٩-١٩٦٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﻓﺘﺎﻭﻯ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢-٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﺨﺘﺼﺎﺼـﻪ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜـﺎﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺇﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٥٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ"‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅـﻑ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻀـﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺼـﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺠـﺩ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻬﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤـﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻁـﻑ ﺍﻝﺒﻨـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٦٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻅـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٦٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺸﻴﻬﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴـﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ "ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل – ﺃﻭﺠـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺠﺩ ﺭﺍﻏﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓـﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼـﻭل ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺴﻭﺭﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٦١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘـﺎﺭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻔﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺒﻤﺼﺭ‪١٣٤٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪١٩٢٣ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻁﺒﻘـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺍﻷﻭل "ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ – ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻜﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻨﺔ‪١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻔﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﻴﻁ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺒـﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻨﺎﺸﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻌﻭﺽ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﻓﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ – ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٧٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﻰ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻁﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁـﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻔﻬـﻭﻡ ﻭﺫﺍﺘﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸـﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻤل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺴـﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ – ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﺔ"‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪١٤٣١،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٠-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜـﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺯﻭﺩﺓ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺴﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻴﺏ ﻋﻴﺎﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻤـﻕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ í‘^¤]l^ËÖö¹]V^ğ⁄ éÞ^m -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻁﻪ ﺘﻤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﺏ ﺍﻵﻝـﻲ‪-‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻬﺠﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺯﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺭﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻴﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻫﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ ﻭﻤﺯﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻷﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﺩﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤـﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺨل ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎﻫﺩ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴـﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـــﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨــﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ "ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴـﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝـﺩﻤﺞ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ‪ -‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻭﺤﻠـﻭل‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺭﻭﺒﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺭﻩ ﻭﻓﻘـﹰﺎ ﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﺎﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻤل ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠـﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜـﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨــﻭﻥ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﻨﻴﺱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺤﺒﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝـ ﹺﻭّﺏ ﻝﺭﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل – "‪ "WEB‬ﺇﻨﺸـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ – ﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ"‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.١٥‬‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٦‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﺸﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﻭﻴﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﻜﺭﻱ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻜﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺘﻴﺵ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﻼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺒﺩﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺩ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺘﺎﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝـﺩﻤﻴﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ"‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺜﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﺠـﻼﺀ‬ ‫‪.٢١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﺎل ﺯﻜﻲ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺸـﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.٢٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ – ﺩﺍﺭ ﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪”.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﻴل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨـﺎﺌﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬـﺎ ﻋـﻥ‬ ‫‪.٢٥‬‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺒﻭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸـﺭﺡ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌ‪‬ﻤﺎﻨﻲ ‪٢٠٠٨/٦٩‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺴـﻴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌـل‬ ‫‪.٢٨‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﺴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪.٢٩‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٣٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﺯﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺼـﻨﻊ‬ ‫‪.٣١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .٣٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺼـﻨﻔﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺃﺜـﺭﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.٣٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻜﻨﻭﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝـﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٣٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٣٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٧‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨــﻅﺎﻡ‬ ‫‪.٣٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨـﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻋﻤـﺎل ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴـﻪ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻤﻴﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺤﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻐﻴﺭ ﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻨﻤﺩﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤١‬‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻜﺒﺎﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺘﻜﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻨﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﻭﺏ "ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴـﻭﺘﺭ" ﺃﻤـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪) ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ(‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻋﺭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻭل ﻭﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤـﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﺠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬
‫‪ .٤٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﺤﺎﺘﻪ ﻏﺭﻴﺏ ﺸﻠﻘﺎﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝـﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ‪١٤٢٦‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺸﺎﻫﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺒﻨﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٥١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺫﻝﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ ﺍﻝﺤـﺩﻴﺙ –‬
‫ﻤﺤﺎﻭﻝﺔ ﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫"ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋـﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻺﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋـﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺩﻝﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﺎﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋـﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺼﺭ – ﺩﺍﺭ ﺸﺘﺎﺕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻤﺸﻕ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ – ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻷﺼـﻴل ﻝﻠﻁﺒـﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺸﺎل ﻋﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺸـﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺩل ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺒﻴﻭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺯﺓ ﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺤﺎﺝ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘـﺩﺭﻴﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٦٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻴﺩ ﺭﺠﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺼـﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺴﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١١-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼـﺎل ﺍﻝﻔـﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﻤﻌـﺯﺯﺓ ﺒـﺄﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌـﺩﻴﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻕ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﻁﻭﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻀـﺭﺍﺕ ﻨﻅـﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﺘﺨـﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻓـﺫﺓ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠـﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻤﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺘﺄﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻅﺎﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٧١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺒﻴﻭﻤﻲ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻨﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﺍﻝـﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﻨﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺘﻭﺥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٢١ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠١-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺭﻴـﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﺫﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻁﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﻤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻴﺴـﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .٧٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻁﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻁﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺒﺎﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻁﻠﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤـﺩﻨﻲ –‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻝﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺌل ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٨٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل ﺨﺸﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻨﺎﺸﺭ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ“‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻴﻜـﺎﻥ ‪ ICANN‬ﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ –‬
‫ﻤﺩﺨل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٣-٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺇﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻋﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪" ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸـﺭ"‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭﻭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﺤﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺒﺎﺼﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨـﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺩﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻼ"‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫"ﺤﺩﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴﻭﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻬﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﺼﺎﻓﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﻠـﻴﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤـ ﹰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻜﻭﺜﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﺎﻝﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﺒﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٩٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺸﺎ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺼـﻔﺎﺀ ﺃﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺸﺤﺎﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺭﺅﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺨﺸﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺼـﻤﻴﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٥‬‬
‫"ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻬﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﺡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪.٩٦‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻴﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٩٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼـﻴﺭﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺴـﻭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ‬ ‫‪.٩٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٩٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻝﻴﻑ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪" ،‬ﺴﻠﺴـﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ"‪١٩٩٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺯﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻙ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝـﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٠٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻠﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﻗـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻁﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺌﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻐﻨﻁﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﻤﻬﺎ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺇﺸـﺎﺭﺓ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺒﻌﺽ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻠﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺭ ﻨﺸﺭ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺭﻀﻭﺍﻥ ﻫﻼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻬﺎ – ﻤﻘﻭﻤﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﻌﻜﺎﺴـﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺒﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ - ،‬ﺃﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻤﻊ ﻗﺴـﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺜـﺎﺌﻕ‬

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‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ٢٦-٢٥ ،‬ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ ‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺭﺍﻜـﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻭﻡ – ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻨﺱ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻁﻲ ﺨﻴـﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ ﻭﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺠﺎﻤﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻠـﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﺼﺒﻭﺹ‪ ،‬ﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﺎﺯﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ ﻭﺃﻫـﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺩﺤﺕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﺨﻴﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ – ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤـﺒﺭﻭﻙ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗـﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪" ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٢٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺒﻴﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺩﻭﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺒﻴﻬﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺯﻭﻴـﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺯﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﻭﺏ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴـﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪١٤٣١-١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺠﺢ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅـل‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﺒﺎل ﺇﺩﻝﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺒﺭﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﻔﻴـﺯ ﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ١٥-١٤ ،‬ﻤﺎﺭﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺭﺴﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸـﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﻗﺸﻘﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﻋﻜﺎﺸﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﺍﻓـﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻼﻝﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻼﻩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤـﻭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪١٩٩٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﺌل ﺃﻨﻭﺭ ﺒﻨﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝـﺒﻼﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﺠﺩﻱ ﺸﻔﻴﻕ ﻓﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﻭﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻨﻴﺴـﺘﺭﺍل‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪” ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ“‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﺘـﺩ ﻝﻺﺼـﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٣٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫”ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻭﺘﺱ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ íéÛ×ÃÖ]Øñ^‰†Ö]V^ğ nÖ^m -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﻨﺠـﺎﺡ ﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻭل‪١٤٢٧‬ﻫـ ـ ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻔﻀل ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻋﻁﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺒﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻐﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٢٧-١٤٢٦ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸـﺌﺔ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﺭﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻐﻭﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٨٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪800‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﺭﻭﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺇﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل ﻤﻨﺎﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻴل ﺸـﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻭﻀﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤-٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺯﻴﺎﻥ ﻜﺭﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺤﺭﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺩﻓﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺼﺹ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ ﻝﺨﻀﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺘﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪٢٠١١-٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﻭﻓﺎﺭﺕ ﺒﻭﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺃﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝـﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤـﺭﻱ ﺘﻴـﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸـﺕ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/٢/٢٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺩﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻗﻁـﺎﻉ ﻏـﺯﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٧-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﺎﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻁﺎ ﺴﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠـﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨـﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﺭﻤﻀﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٤‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻴﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﺭﻤﺴﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺍﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺠﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫‪.١٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻝﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼـﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏـﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٢‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١١ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺨﻔﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺩﻴﻤﻨﻴﺞ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬ ‫‪.١٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ ‪ -‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﺃﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘـﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺒﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪.١٨‬‬
‫ﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭﻴﻥ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﻨﺩﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﺯﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻤﻴﺯ ﻝﻠﻌﻘـﺩ‬ ‫‪.١٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺘﻐﺭﻴﺩ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺠﻤﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺠﺏ ‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﺎﻨﺔ ﺯﻴﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﻋﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.٢١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻝـﻭﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﺨﻠﻴل ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٢٢‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺇﺴـﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٢٣‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪١٩٨١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٤‬‬
‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﺸﻬﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬ ‫‪.٢٥‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٠-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻤﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺒﻥ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺒﻥ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺸـﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٧‬‬
‫ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻤـﺩﻴﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻭﻜﻼﺌﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٨-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻴﺩﻤﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺸـﻜﺎل ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٢٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻓﻴﻕ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺭﺴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺤﺘﻤﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ ‪٢٠١١-٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤـﺫﻜﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺠﺎﺀ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﺒﻨﻲ ﺸﻤﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٣٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺭﺤﺎﺏ ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‬ ‫‪.٣١‬‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓـﺭﻉ ﺒﻨـﻲ ﺴـﻭﻴﻑ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٣‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٢-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺭﻀﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺤﺠﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.٣٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻀﺒﻁ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٢ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠١ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٣٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻭﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻌﺩ ﻀﻭﻴﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٤‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺩﻩ ﻫﺩﻴﻬﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼـﺎﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٥‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺸﺎﺌﻊ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﺤﻁﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠـﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗـﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.٣٦‬‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﺠﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﺠﻭﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٣٧‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺸﺭﻴﻑ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﺍﻁﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺭﺯﻕ ﻨﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻘـﺩﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﻝـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٣٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ – ﺩﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬـﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﻓﺎﻴﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺠـﻭﺍﺩ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺴــﺒﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘــﻴﻴﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅـــﻡ‬ ‫‪.٣٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺼـﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـــﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺼﻼﺡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٤٠‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٧-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﻅﺎﺌﻔﻬـﺎ ﺒﻔﻜـﺭ‬ ‫‪.٤١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻁﻤﻴﻥ ﺴﻬﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤٢‬‬
‫ﻝﻨﻴل ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤـﺭﻱ‪ -‬ﺘﻴـﺯﻱ ﻭﺯﻭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/١١/٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻁﻪ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﻌـﻥ ﺒﺎﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٤٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺼل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣١ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﺭﺸـﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻨﺘﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻨﻁﻴﻨﺔ‪٢٠١٠-٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻁﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻠﻁﻴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪.٤٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻨﺠﻠﻭ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٤٦‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺸﻭﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴـﺎﺽ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫــ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬـﺯﺓ‬ ‫‪.٤٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﺒﺎﻁ ﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﺍﻕ ﻤﺨﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﺎﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺘﻁـﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٨-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٤٩‬‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﻤﻭﻅﻔﻲ ﺩﻴـﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٠ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﻴ‪‬ﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.٥٠‬‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٤ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٣-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻴﺩ ﺁل ﺩﺤﻭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‬ ‫‪.٥١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠـﻙ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴـﺎﺽ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٩‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٨-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٥٢‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻤـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻜﻤـﺩﺨل ﻝﻠﺘﻁـﻭﻴﺭ‬ ‫‪.٥٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺠﻬﺔ ﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﻜـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺭﻤﺔ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻫﺎﺏ ﻤﻬﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٥٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻐـﻭﺙ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅـﺎﺕ ﻏـﺯﺓ ﻭﺴـﺒل‬
‫ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏـﺯﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻋل ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺜﺭﻫـﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪.٥٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪٢٠١٠-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺯ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﻴﻠﻭﺩ ﺴﻭﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٥٦‬‬
‫ﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻤﺎﻨـﺔ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨـﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺼﻨﺩﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻝﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺯﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٥٧‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺭﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺯﻴﺯﺓ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺘﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺭﺍﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻤﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺴﻊ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٥٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٣ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٢ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻝﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻴﻨﻴﺔ –‬ ‫‪.٦٠‬‬
‫ﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻤﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺒﻜﺭ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٦١‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺩﻱ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻴﻡ ﻋﻼﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪.٦٢‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻁﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٦٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺭﺍﺸﻑ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ ﻝﻨﻴـل‬ ‫‪.٦٤‬‬
‫ﺇﺠﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌـﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﺩ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬ ‫‪.٦٦‬‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ ﻤﻘـﺩﻡ ﺍﺴـﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻨﺎﻴﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٧-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻏﻨــﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅـــﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٦٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒـﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠـﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺒﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ ـ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‬

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 ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺘﻌﺏ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻁﻴﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺁل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫‪.٦٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ ﻤﻘـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﻥ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪١٤٣٠-١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺘﻌﺏ ﺠﺎﺒﺭ ﺨﺒﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻨﺤﻭ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻓﺎﻋل ﻝﻺﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪.٦٩‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴﻌﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫــ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺠﺩﻱ ﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٧٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺴـﺭﻴﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٧١‬‬
‫ﺤﻕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٢ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﺩﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻑ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪.٧٢‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٣٤ ،‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻤﺎل ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻋﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٧٣‬‬
‫ﺒﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﻭﺙ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﻼﺠﺌﻴﻥ ﺒﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺴـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻴﺭ ﻋﺯﺍﺕ ﻜﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ ﻨﺠـﺎﺡ ﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻭﺜـﺎﺌﻕ‬ ‫‪.٧٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺸﺎﺕ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻌﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻏﻴـﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ‬ ‫‪.٧٥‬‬
‫ﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪.٧٦‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﻬﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼـﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ‪٢٠٠١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺠﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﻁـﺭ –‬ ‫‪.٧٧‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻜﺭﻱ ﻋﻁﺎﷲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﺸـﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ –‬ ‫‪.٧٨‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻝﻁﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺇﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺎ‬ ‫‪.٧٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﻴﺔ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٨٠‬‬
‫ﻅﺎﻫﺭﺓ ﺘﻨﺎﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﻓﺭﺝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.٨١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٢ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١١-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺤﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﻗﺸﺕ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪ ٧‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪١٩٦٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺴﻥ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺴﻼﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝـﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٣‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸـﺌﺔ ﻋـﻥ ﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬ ‫‪.٨٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺭﻴﻡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺭﺒﻪ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.٨٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﻨﺯﺍل ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٨٦‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻌﺏ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻁﺒﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺨﺩﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٨٧‬‬
‫ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ – ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠـﻴﻡ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﻁـﺎﻉ‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ـ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻌﺎﺫ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺸﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻼ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺌﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴـﺔ ﻋـﻥ ﺇﺴـﺎﺀﺓ‬ ‫‪.٨٨‬‬
‫ﺇﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻬﺘﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤـﻭل‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘـﻭﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﻋـﻴﻥ ﺸـﻤﺱ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٤‬ﻫـ‪٢٠١٣ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﺫﺭ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫‪.٨٩‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏـﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ ـ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺭﺝ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪.٩٠‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﺭﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬ ‫‪.٩١‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻨﻴل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻴﻥ ﺸﻤﺱ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻏﻨﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.٩٢‬‬
‫– ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﻀﺎل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺘﺎﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺇﻋﻼﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﻗﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.٩٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﻜﻨﻌﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٤‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٧٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﻁﻼل ﻓﻬﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺯﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪.٩٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤـﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ‪١٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﻫﺎﺸﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝـﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻀـﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬ ‫‪.٩٦‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻝﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻁﺭﻭﺤـﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﻜﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻀﺭﻴﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠـﺎﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺎﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺤﺎﻤﺩ ﺴﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺴﺎﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪-‬‬ ‫‪.٩٧‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ﻭﻤﺼﺭ ﻭﻓﺭﻨﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﻝﻨﻴـل ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﺴﻌﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴـﺘﻴﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٩٨‬‬
‫ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ – ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﻉ ﺒﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸـﺕ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٣/٢٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻫﻼل ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺴﻌﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٩٩‬‬
‫ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﻓﻨﻴـﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴـﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٠٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻓﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺩﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺫﻜﺭﺓ ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﻝﻨﻴـل‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﻭﻝﻭﺩ ﻤﻌﻤﺭﻱ ﺘﻴﺯﻱ‪-‬ﻭﺯﻭ‪ ،‬ﻨﻭﻗﺸـﺕ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١١/٥/٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻴﺎﺴﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﺭﺠﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻐﻴﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸـﺎﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﻤﻭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫‪e-HRM‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻤﻴﺔ‪ -‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪١٤٣٠ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٩ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ JDl]†³öÚæl^è…æEp^{{{Šù]V^ğ Ãe]… -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﺴﻭﻗﻲ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﻴل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤـﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸـﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺍﻷﺭﻨﺎﺅﻭﻁ‪ ،‬ﺸﺭﻁ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴـﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌـﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺼـﻔﺭ‬
‫‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨـﺔ ﺒـﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻐـﺎﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺤـﻭل "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴـﺔ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ"‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺃﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻁﺭﺍﺒﻠﺱ‪ ،‬ﻝﻴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴـﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫‪ ٢٩-٢٨‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻋﻴﺸﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ )‪ (E.G‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤ‪‬ﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺴﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﺘﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺒﺤﺎﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺴـﻴﻴﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺼﺩﻱ ﻤﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﻭﺭﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪٢٠١٠-٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺯﺭﺩﻭﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١٠‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻬﺯﺍﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻴﺩﺍﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺇﺭﺒﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫‪ ،٢٥‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻴـﺎﺩﺓ ﺸـﺭﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ )‪ ،(٨٥‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴـل‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﺍﻤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺒﺈﺼـﺩﺍﺭ ﺸـﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺼـﺩﻴﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٧‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﻥ ﻏﺎﻨﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ "‪،"٢٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ "‪".٥٦‬‬

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‫‪ .١١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺤـﺩ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻓﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻜﺭﻡ ﻓﺎﻀل ﺴﻌﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺠﻭﺍﺩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺒﻴﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻀﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻴﻴﻨـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ‪ ١١‬ﻨﻴﺴـﺎﻥ ‪١٩٨٠‬ﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻌـﺎﻡ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‬
‫"ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴﺘﺭﺍل" ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٠‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٥١‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺩل"‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٢‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻝﻴﺎﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺴﺎﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﺤﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺇﻴﻬﺎﺏ ﺴـﻌﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻀـﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .١٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋـﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠـﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻝﻴﺒﻴـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺭﺅﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻨﻐﺎﺯﻱ‪٢٠٠٨/٥/٧-٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻬﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺒﻭﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺒﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٨‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﻤﺩﻱ ﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ ﻜﺸـﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪) ،٣٤‬ﻤﻠﺤﻕ(‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﻨﺎﻥ ﻤﻠﻴﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﻗـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٩/٢/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸـﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﺤـﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٣٤‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺏ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺤـﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﻤﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٤‬ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﻤﺎﻋﻴل‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻜـﺭ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻁﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﺭﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ )‪ ،(٢٢‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(٨٥‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٢٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩﻴﺎﻻ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻌﻭﻗـﺎﺕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬـﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺯﻫﻴﺭﺓ ﻜﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ "ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ" ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﻓﺎﺘﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﻨﺭﺍﺴـﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺠﻭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻴﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺎﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺴﻠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴـﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻘـﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ‪-١٩‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺴﺤﺭ ﻗﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤـﺩﺨل‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺸﻤﺎل ﺃﻓﺭﻴﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺸﻬﺎﺏ ﺤﻤﺩ ﺸﻴﺤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ – ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫)‪ ،(٤‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٧‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻓﻴﺔ – ﻋﺭﺽ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻝﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻴﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸـﺭﺍﻑ‬

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 ‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺜﻴﻘـﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﺼﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺘﻌﻨـﻰ ﺒﺸـﺌﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ‪،٣٤‬‬
‫ﺭﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ‪١٤٢٨‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ﻤـﺎ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻬﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،١٢‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ‪١٩٧٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻤﺴﻔﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻨﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸـﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﻴﺩﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺯﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺼﺎﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻴﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺜﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎل‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﺴـﺘﻁﻼﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ )ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٤‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻤﺤﻴﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‬
‫ﻜﺄﺤﺩ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻤـﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ "ﺍﻝﺘﺠـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸـﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٣٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺫﻜﺭﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺃﺜـﺭﻩ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٥‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪،(٢٢-٢١‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺨﻁﺎﺭ ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺸﻭﺍل ‪١٤٢٢‬ﻫـ ‪-‬‬
‫ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺴﻴﺩ ﻗﺎﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠٠٢ ،٧٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻨﺠﻴﺏ ﺤﻤﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺴـﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻗـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﻤﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻁﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺫﻱ ﻗـﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٠‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭ ﻜﺭﻴﻡ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺭﻤﺎﻥ ﺠﻤﻴل ﻨﻌﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘـﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼـﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ‪٢٠٠٧ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻏﺎﺯﻱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻋﺭﺍﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﺤﺠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸـﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٠‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٤ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺅﺍﺩ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺤﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﻭﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻤﺠﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤل ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺒﻴﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺯﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﺒل ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ‪ ،١٩‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪،‬‬
‫‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٤٣‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﺸﻁﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺀﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻅـﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻝﻸﺒﺤـﺎﺙ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪٢٠١٢ ،٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺼل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤـﺎﻓﻅ ﺍﻝﺸـﻭﺍﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﻅـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺯﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢١‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ‪ ،٢‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻴﺩﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘـﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٣٧‬ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻜﺒﺭﻱ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺤﺎﺘﻡ ﺭﺸﻴﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪،(٢٨‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻫﻴﻡ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤـﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻋﺸﺭ "ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺒﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﺎﺌﻲ ﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓـﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ ﻤـﻥ ‪- ١٠‬‬
‫‪٢٠١٢/١٢/١٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒـﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤٩‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻝﻡ ﻏﻨﻴﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻤل ﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﺤﻤﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ )‪١٩٩٩-١٩٩٠‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻴﻠﻴﻭﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ٧‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢‬ﻤﺎﻴﻭ‪٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺒﺎﺭ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٣‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺠﻭﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌـﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺒﺭﻴل‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻪ ‪٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٢‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺍﺼل‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﺍﻵﻝـﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﻨﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺩﻤﺸـﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،٢٧‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺭﺍﻴﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘـﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺒـﺭﻡ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﻤﺱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸـﺭﻭﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ﺸﺤﺎﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴـﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٥‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺒﺤﺭ ﺴﻠﻁﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺭﻴﺕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴـﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٦‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺌل ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﻀﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٧‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺌل ﻋﻠﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺠﻤـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻭل ‪١٤٣٣‬ﻫــ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٥٨‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺯﻴﻪ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻊ ﻋﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ – ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸـﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥٩‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﻬﻰ ﻓﻭﺯﻱ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ‪ -‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺘـﻪ ﻭﺃﺸـﻜﺎل‬
‫ﺠﺭﺍﺌﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺤـﻭﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪٢٠١٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٠‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻴل ﺍﻝﻌﺠﺎﺭﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺴﻼﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠‬ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺤﻕ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪٢٠١٣ ،(١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦١‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺎﻨﻲ ﺩﻭﻴﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒل ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل‬
‫ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﺴﻨﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ـﺔ‬
‫ـﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـ‬
‫ـﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـ‬
‫ـﺔ )ﺍﻝﺘﺠـ‬
‫ـﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـ‬
‫ـﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌـ‬
‫ﻋﺸـ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ –‬
‫ﺃﺒﻭ ﻅﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺓ ‪٢٠٠٩/٥/٢٠-١٩‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺇﺸـﺭﺍﻑ ﻭﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻭﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻹﻤـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﺭﺍﺘﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٦٢‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻫﺩﻯ ﺒﻨﺕ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪" ،‬ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘـﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻺﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ"‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺎﻤل ﻋﻠـﻡ ﺍﻝـﻨﻔﺱ ﺒﻜﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺩﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻨﻴﺔ – ﺸﻁﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻝﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻓﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،١٦‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﺤـﺭﻡ – ﺠﻤـﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﺨـﺭﺓ‬
‫‪١٤٣١‬ﻫـ ‪ -‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٦٣‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻼ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﺩﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ‪ ،٢٦‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪٢٠١٠ ،‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺹ‪-٥٢٥‬ﺹ‪ ،(٥٤١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺔ ‪٢٠١٠/٢/١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ØÛÃÖ]Ñ]…æ_æl÷^Ϲ]æ†è…^ÏjÖ]V^ğ ŠÚ^} -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﺎﺴﻡ ﺒﺸﻨﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(٣١‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﺃﻭل‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٧-١٩٩٧‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯﻱ ﻝﻺﺤﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﻭل‪-‬ﺩﻴﺴـﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻷﺴﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩-٢٠٠٠‬ﻡ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜـﺯﻱ ﻝﻺﺤﺼـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻠﻭل‪-‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺩﺒﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠـﺔ "ﺘﻘﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ""‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺸﻬﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ ﺩﺒـﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻜﻴـﺔ ‪Dubai‬‬
‫‪ ،Smart Gov.‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،١١٨‬ﺃﻏﺴﻁﺱ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺒﻭ ﻫﻨﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻭل )ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺁﻝﻴـﺔ ﺴـﻨﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺒﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ "ﻨﺤـﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻤﺘﻤﻴـﺯ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻴﺎﺽ‪ ١٦-١٣ ،‬ﺫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻌﺩﺓ ‪١٤٣٠‬ﻫـ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻓﻕ ‪٤-١‬‬
‫ﻨﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻴﺼـﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻌﻬـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺒﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻙ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ‪ ،‬ﺠﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻤﻠﻜـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻌﻭﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪١٤٢٧ ،‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٨‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٩‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ – ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩل‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭ ﺯﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻝـﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﺒـﺎﻝﻤﺠﻠﺱ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺸﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﻴـﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ – ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﻴﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪.١٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﺼﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﺘـﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ ٢٧-٢٥‬ﺃﻏﺴﻁﺱ‪١٩٩٨ ،‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻴﻤﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺤﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺵ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻯ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪.١١‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﺎﻝﻁـﺎ ﺍﻹﻴﻁﺎﻝﻴـﺔ‪ ٣١-٢٧ ،‬ﻨـﻭﻓﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻁﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻴﺸﺎل ﻋﻴﺴـﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺭﻜـﺎﺌﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻝـﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.١٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺭﺸﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤـل ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﺤـﻭل ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺼﻨﻌﺎﺀ‪ ٣-١ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﺌﺸﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺼـﻼﺡ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﻬـﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫‪.١٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺤﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻡ‪ ،‬ﺤﺯﻴﺭﺍﻥ‪-‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺤﻭل )ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺠﺘﻬـﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫‪.١٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ(‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤـﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻝﺭﺅﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ٢١-٢٠ ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﻴﻭ ‪٢٠١١‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺭ ﻤﺴﻠﻤﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٥‬‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﺸﻜﺎﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﺢ ﺃﻭﻝﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٦‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪٢٠٠٥ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻴﺯ ﺒﻜﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻓﻴﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃ‪ .‬ﺠﻤﻴل ﺴـﺎﻝﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴـﻕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﻬـﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘـﻭﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﻴﺭﺯﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻓﺘﺤﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١٨‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ "ﻨﺩﻭﺓ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩﺓ ﺒﺭﻋﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ‪٢٠٠٦ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻘﻴﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﻝﻴل ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪.١٩‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﺨـﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺸـﺒﻜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻭﺭﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ – ﺘﺴـﻭﻴﻕ‬ ‫‪.٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﻠﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻘﺎﺸﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜﺎﺀ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٣/٢/٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻷﻝﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺄﻤﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢١‬‬
‫ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﺒﻌﻨـﻭﺍﻥ‪) ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺈﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺩﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ‪ ١٢-٩ ،‬ﺩﻴﺴﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﺸـﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴـﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺼﺒﺭﻱ ﺨﻤﻴﺱ ﺃﺒﻭ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬ ‫‪.٢٢‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻔﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﻤﻠﺘﻘـﻰ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ "ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺘﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل‪٢٠٠٩-‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﺼﻁﻔﻰ ﻤﺭﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ‪ -‬ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻫـﺩﺍﻑ‬ ‫‪.٢٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻝﻭﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ ،(١٦‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﺎﺭ‪٢٠٠٠ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻤﻌﻥ ﺇﺩﻋﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻝﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﻭﺯ‪٢٠٠٢ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻨﻭﺍﻑ ﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺯﻫﺭﺍﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ – ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢٥‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻘﺎل ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺼـﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻴـﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ )‪ ،(١٤٧٢‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﻌﺎﺀ ‪ ١٥‬ﺸـﻭﺍل ‪١٤٢٩‬ﻫــ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻓﻕ ‪ ١٥‬ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺜﻴـﻕ‬ ‫‪.٢٦‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﻝﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺒﻌﻨـﻭﺍﻥ "ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻓـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﺍﻹﺤﺴـﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺜـﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٣٤/٣/٤‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﻋﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪.٢٧‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋ‪‬ﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻤل ﻤﻘﺩﻤـﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺒـ " ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎل ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤـﺔ ﺍﻝﺠـﺭﺍﺌﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ "‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﺴﻘﻁ – ﺴﻠﻁﻨﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﻥ ‪ ٤-٢‬ﺍﺒﺭﻴـل‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪" ،‬ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﺍﺌﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪íéñ^–ÏÖ]Ý^Óuù]l^ÂçÛ¥V^𠉁^‰ -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻀـﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﺤﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ‪" ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ،"CD‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺒﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭل‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺨﺎﻝﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺴﻜﻨﺩﺭﻴﺔ‪٢٠٠٨ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﺯﻴﺯ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﻡ ﺨﻠﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺄﺩﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺩﻋﻭﻯ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒـﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﺩﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻋـﻭﻯ ﺇﻝﻐـﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ – ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ – ﺍﻝﺩﻓﻭﻉ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﻝﻐـﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﻗﺒﻭﻝﻬﺎ – ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺭﻓـﻊ ﺍﻝـﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻭﺇﻋﻼﻨﻬـﺎ ﻭﺇﻴـﺩﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻝﻺﺼـﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴـﻴﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺯﻴﻨﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘـﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺁﺨـﺭ ﻤـﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٠‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ "ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴـل ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺁﺨـﺭ ﺴـﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪" ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘـﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺃﺨـﺭ ﻤـﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ"‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥١‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺇﺒﺭﻴـل ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺁﺨـﺭ ﺴـﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪" ،٥٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٦‬ﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل "ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‪ -‬ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺁﺨـﺭ ﻤـﺎﺭﺱ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،٥٣‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪" ،‬ﺇﺒﺭﻴل ‪-٢٠٠٧‬ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪٢٠٠٨‬ﻡ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻤﺴـﺔ‬

‫ﻋﺸﺭ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ‪١٩٨٠-١٩٦٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٨٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﺭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻭل ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ١٩٧١‬ﺇﻝﻰ ﺁﺨﺭ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ‪١٩٧٣‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻝﻠﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ‪٢٠٠٤ -٢٠٠٣ -٢٠٠٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪٢٠٠٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤـﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺒـﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﻨﻴـﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪،‬‬

‫"ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ – ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ – ﻋﻤـل‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻠﻔﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪١٤٢٨ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٧ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٠‬ﻨﺎﻅﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻋﻭﻴﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻁﻭﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻜﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻴـﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﻓﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻥ‪،‬‬

‫‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ ‪١٤٣٣ -‬ﻫـ‪.‬‬

‫‪ l^vת’¹]l^Âç‰çÚæÜq^ù]V^ğ Ãe^‰ -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﺒﻥ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻝﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺏ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠـﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﺒﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺒﻥ ﺯﻜﺭﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠـﻡ ﻤﻘـﺎﻴﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻐـﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠـﺯﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻝﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺏ‪١٤٢٩ ،‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٨ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﺒﻁﺭﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﻤﻁﻭل ﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٨٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ﺭﻭﺤﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﻌﻠﺒﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺴـﺎﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻝﻠﻤﻼﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻜﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪١٩٩٥‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﺍﻝﺯﻤﺨﺸﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪،‬‬

‫‪١٩٨٢‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻫﺭ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻴﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻏﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻨﺠﻠﻴـﺯﻱ –‬

‫ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻝﻤﺼـﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠـﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻜﻤﺒﻴـﻭﺘﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٠‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻓﻬﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴـﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﻤﺼـﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﺏ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻭﺴﻭﻋﺔ ﺩﻝﺘﺎ ﻜﻤﺒﻴﻭﺘﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٩٩٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١١‬ﻝﻭﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺠﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺴـﻌﺔ ﻋﺸـﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻜﺎﺜﻭﻝﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ .١٢‬ﻤﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﻴﻌﻘﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺭﻭﺯ ﺁﺒﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﺎﻝﺔ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴـﺭﻭﺕ – ﻝﺒﻨـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫‪١٤٢٦‬ﻫـ ‪٢٠٠٥ -‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٣‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺒﻥ ﺃﺒﻲ ﺒﻜﺭ ﺒﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﺩﻗـﺔ‬
‫ﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻭﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺍﺨل‪ ،‬ﺇﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺠﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﻝﺒﻨـﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻝﺒﻨﺎﻥ ‪١٩٨٦‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .١٤‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻌﺔ‪١٤٢٥ ،‬ﻫـ‪٢٠٠٤-‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻜﺘﺒـﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻭﻕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ °Þ]çÏÖ]l^Â憎Úæl^Ã膎jÖ]V^ğ ßÚ^m -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻝﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٤/١/١٨‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪) ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﺨﺎﺹ(‪ ،‬ﻴﻨﺎﻴﺭ ‪٢٠١٤‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٣‬ﻡ‪" ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺸﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻤﺘﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٣/٣/١٩‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻜﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (٢‬ﺒﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠١‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫"ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل" ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٣٨‬ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠١/٩/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٥‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ‪،‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٢‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٦/٠٤/٢٣‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٧‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ ،(١٧‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٤/٢٢‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٧‬‬

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 ‫‪ .٦‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (٤‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٨‬ﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ ،(٢٤‬ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٩٨/٧/١‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٠‬‬

‫‪ .٧‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٧‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٨‬ﻡ "ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩل"‪،‬‬

‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ ،(٢٩‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪١٩٧٨/٧/٢٠‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٨٥٥‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ (٤٧‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪١٩٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ )‪ ،(٤٠‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪١٩٧٢/١٠/٥‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٦٠٩‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٩‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ ‪ ٨٢‬ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٩/٨/٢‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦‬‬

‫‪ .١٠‬ﺍﻝﻼﺌﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﺔ ﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﻨﻤﻴـﺔ ﺼـﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٠٩‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭﺓ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١١٥‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٥/٥/٢٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٧‬‬

‫‪ .١١‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ ﺒﺸـﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸـﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٤‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٠/١/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ .١٢‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٤٦٣‬ﻝﺴـﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٢‬ﻡ ﺒﺸـﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻰ ﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴـﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻴﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼـﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌـﺩﺩ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(١٠١‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠١٢/٥/٣‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣‬‬

‫‪ .١٣‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٢٦٩‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ‬

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 ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٦/١٤‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٩٩‬‬

‫‪ .١٤‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ٣٥‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﺸـﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ )ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ( ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜـﻭﻤﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ٥٠‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴـﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٤/٨/٢٩‬ﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.١٦٠‬‬

‫‪ .١٥‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﺠﻠـﺱ ﺍﻝـﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺭﻗـﻡ ‪ ٦٥‬ﻝﺴﻨـﺔ ‪٢٠٠٥‬ﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﻗـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗـﻡ‬
‫‪ ٦١‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٣/١٨‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.١٩١‬‬

‫‪ .١٦‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ (١‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪١٩٩٦‬ﻡ ﺒﺸـﺄﻥ‬

‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٤‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‪١٩٩٦/٠٨/٢٧‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٦‬‬

‫‪ .١٧‬ﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ ١٧٤٢‬ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠٠٤‬ﻡ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﺨﺭﺠـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺭﻗﻡ )‪ ،(٢٧٤‬ﺒﺘـﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫‪٢٠٠٤/١٢/٥‬ﻡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ .١٨‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ‪٢٠١٠‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪íéÞæÓÖ÷]ÄÎ]ç¹]V^ğ É^i -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪www.egypt.gov.eg/Arabic/Home.aspx‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﺸﺅﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭﻴﺔ ‪www.alamiria.com/a/index.html‬‬

‫‪ JN‬ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺩﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﻭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻊ ‪www.lab.pna.ps/ar/index.php?p=lab‬‬

‫‪www.qanon.ps/news.php?ac)on=list&cat_id=16‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ‬

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 ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﻔﻲ ‪muqtafi.birzeit.edu/welcome.aspx‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻷﻭﺴﻁ ‪www.eastlaws.com/Default.aspx‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻗﺎﻤﻭﺱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ‪www.almaany.com‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻲ ‪www.gcc.pna.ps/ar/index.php?p=home‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ‬

‫‪www.mtit.pna.ps/ar/index.php?p=home‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﱰﲨﺔ‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﺭﻴــﺎﻥ ﺃﻭﺴــﺘﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺴـﺭﻴﻌﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﺭﻭﻕ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪١٩٩٩ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﺙ ﺴﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻨﻭﻓﻴﻙ‪ ،‬ﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻋﺒـﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤـﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﺤﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺼﻭﺭ‪” ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌﺔ“‪ ،‬ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻫﺭﺍﻡ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺭﺠﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪٢٠١١ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻴﻡ ﺩﺍﺘﻥ ﻭﺃﺨﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴـﺔ ﻝﻺﻨﺘﺭﻨـﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺩ ﻝﻘﺴﻡ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ "ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻤﻘﺭﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻼﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴـﻜﻭ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﺘﻪ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺩﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﺒﻁﺒﺎﻋﺘﻪ‪) ،‬ﻴﻭﻨﺴﻜﻭ ﻝﻠﻁﺒﺎﻋﺔ(‪٢٠١٣ ،‬ﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﺠﻭﻥ ﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﻔﻨـﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺭﺍﻨـﻙ ﺏ‪ .‬ﺸـﻴﺭﻭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺠﻤـﺔ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺭﺍﺠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﻕ ﺭﻤﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻥ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻱ‪” ،‬ﺒـﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻌـﺔ“‪،‬‬
‫ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ‪" ،‬ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ‪".‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‬
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COMMERCE LEGAL FRAMEWORK: SOME LESSONS FROM
MALAYSIA, Research presented to the 17th Annual
Scientific Conference: "Electronic Transactions, E-
Commerce, E- Government" held at Emirates Center for
Strategic Studies and Research, Abu Dhabi, May 19-20,
2009, under the supervision and organiza)on of College
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- Brian Fizgerlad, Rami Olwan, copyright and Innovation in
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Attendant La Position De La Cour De Justice Des
Communaute`s Europe`ennes. Abu Dhabi, May, 2009.
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Theatening Electronic Commerce. Abu Dhabi, May, 2009.
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 ‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭﺓ ﻝﺠﺄﺕ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝـﻰ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﺘﺄﺩﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕ ﻓﺈﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻤﻭﻁﻨ ﹰﺎ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻸﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻴﹰﺎ ﻜـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺒﻤﻌـﺯل‬
‫ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺭﻴﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻝﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘـﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻤﺴﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻭﺃﺭﺴـﻰ ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﺘﺼﺭﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺜﻭﺏ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺨﺭﺝ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒـﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻭﺍﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻨﻠﺤﻅ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﻪ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﻝﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺃﺼﺎﺏ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺁﻤﺭﺓ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺍﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺼـﺎﻝﺤﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻺﻨﻀﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻤﺅﺜﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭﻕ ﻭﺇﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻜﻥ ﺒﻌﻴﺩﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺒل ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬

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‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻭﺼﻭﻝﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﻨﺠـﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ ﻓـﻲ ﺼـﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ‬

‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺘﻨﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺭﺤﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻝﺩﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﺒﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺒﻤﻭﺠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻤﺭﺤﺒﹰﺎ ﺒﻪ ﻝـﺩﻯ ﺒﻌـﺽ ﺍﻝﻔﻘـﻪ‬

‫ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﻤل ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭﻩ ﻴﺸـﻜل ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺨﺼﺒﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﺨﺘﻠـﻑ ﻋﻤـﺎ‬
‫ﺴﺒﻕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻝﺩﻴﻨﺎ ‪-‬ﻭﻤﻊ ﺃﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ -‬ﺭﺃﻱ ﻤﻐﺎﻴﺭ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺴﺎﻗﻪ ﻫﺅﻻﺀ‪ ،‬ﺇﻨﻁﻼﻗـﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﹰﺎ ﺤﺎﻀﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻋـﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺩﺍﺨل ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺴﻠﺏ ﺤـﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺃﺩﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴـﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻴﺘﻌـﺎﺭﺽ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺨﺎﻁﺏ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺒل ﺃﻨﻬـﺎ ﺘﺒﻘـﻰ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻨﺼﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻨﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﻓﺎﺭﻕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺜﻨﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻻ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺒﺼـﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤل ﻤﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻤﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻓﻁﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﺠﺎﻡ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻭﻋـﺩﻡ‬
‫ﺇﻫﻤﺎﻝﻪ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﻁﻠﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬﻡ ﺒﺄﻓﻀل‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺘﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺘﻔﻌﻴـل‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻗﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﺘﺴﺎﻋﹰﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺴﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻌـﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻤﻜـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﺴـﻠﻁﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻷﺨﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻝﺯﻤﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﻘﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺫﻝـﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻹﺼﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻝﻠﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻨـﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻷﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻓﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺼﺎﺡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺼـﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺤـﺩﺙ ﻝﻬـﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺘﻨﻔﺼل ﻋﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺘﻁﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻝﺩﺕ ﻓـﻲ ﺼـﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺍﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺘﻭﻝﻰ ﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﻜﺸﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺘﺎﺡ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻤـﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺘـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻨﺔ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻘﺒل ﻤﺴﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺎﺌﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻝﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﻅﻬﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺒﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻓﻁﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺒﻲ ﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺼـﻼﺤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺘﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﻫﻥ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﻬﺩ ﺘﻐﻠﻐل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻜل ﺸﻲﺀ ﺤﺘـﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺒﺤﺕ ﻤﻠﻤﺢ ﻭﻋﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﻜل ﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻭﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﹰﺎ ﺒـﺈﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁـﺎﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺠﺩﻴﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺃﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺸﺭﻁ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻝﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺃﺭﺴﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻨﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﺜﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﺤﺠﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘـﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻫﻭﻴـﺔ ﺃﻁـﺭﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺼﺭﺍﻑ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﻡ ﻝﻤﺎ ﺠﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻤﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻝﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﺯل ﻋﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌﻠﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺜﻼﺙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻅﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺃ ﻴﺤل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺤل‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﻔﻕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ﻏﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺠﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ "ﺼـﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻴـﺏ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻝﻘﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺼـﺭﻴﺢ‬

‫ﻴﻌﺎﻝﺞ ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺠﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻨﻌﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭل ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻭﻨﺔ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻨﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﺤـﺎل ﻗـﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺘﻘﻴـﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻀـﺢ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﻴـﺩﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻵﻝﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺘﻤﻠﻙ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻨﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺇﻻ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺩﺨل ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﺒﺈﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺎﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺌﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻀﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﻭﺍﺌﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻌﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻝـﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺭﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬـﺎ ﻝﻠﻌﻠـﻡ ﺒـﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺒﻭﻥ ﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻤﺴﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺨﺎﻀﻌﹰﺎ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺭﺭ ﺼـﺤﺘﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻋﺩﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻝﻥ ﺘﺴﻁﻴﻊ ﺤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨـﺔ ﺘﺤﺘـﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻼ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺩﺨ ﹰ‬

‫ﻭﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻀﻤﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺇﻥ ﻜﺎﻨـﺕ ﺘﺅﺴـﺱ ﻝﻤـﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﺒل ﻭﺠﻭﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺒﻘﺎﺌﻪ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺼﺤﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻋﻥ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒـﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻴﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻨﺸﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﹰﺎ ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻘﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬

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‫ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻅﻔﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻡ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓـﻲ ﻜـل‬
‫ﺍﻷﺤﻭﺍل ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻻ ﺒﺩ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺘـﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﺒﺎﻝﻁـﺎﺒﻊ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻤﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﻘﺼﺩ ﺒـﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻭﻻﻫﺎ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻷﺠل ﺇﺭﺴـﺎل ﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻝﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ ﻭﺤﻴﺎﺯﺘﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤـﻭل‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻗﺎﺌﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻠﺘﺯﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ ﻭﻨﺠﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻴﺩﻝل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋـﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻝﻠﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻴﻼﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﻤﺭ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻲ ﻴﺄﺫﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﺩﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺩﺨﺎل‬
‫ﺃﻤﺭ ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﺍﻝﻁـﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺨﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﺤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻴﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻭﻁﻨـﹰﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺃﻤـﺭ‬
‫ﻤﺤﻤﻭ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻤﺎﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺫﻭ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺤـﺩ ﺃﺜـﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل ﻴﻌﺩ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﺒﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻹﺭﺴﺎل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺨﺫ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺭﺴـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻜﺱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺼل ﺇﻝﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻀﻑ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺨﺫﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻁﺭﻓﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻭﺇﻥ ﻝﻡ ﺘﹸﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﹸﻌﻠﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﻌـل‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺘﻜﺘﺴﺏ ﺘﻁﻭﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻠﺤﻭﻅﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻝﻡ‬

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‫ﺘﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴـﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺇﺨﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﺸﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل ﻻ ﺘﻌﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﻤـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺘﺴﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘل ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻭﺴـﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻝﺜﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒـﻴﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻡ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﻋﺒـﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﻫﻜﺫﺍ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺴﺒﻕ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻭﻝﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻜﺩ‬
‫ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻨﺼﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻴﺩﻴﻬﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻷﺤﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻏﻡ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺼﻭل ﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨـﻲ ﺇﻝـﻰ ﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨﻀﻡ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻭﺇﻨﻤﺎ ﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤـﻪ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻘل ﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻻ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻔﺯ ﻋﻥ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠـﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﻌﺘﺩ ﺒﺼﺤﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻗﻠﻨﺎﻩ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺒﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻷﻭل ﻭﻫﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ‬
‫ﻼ ﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺜﺎﺒﺘﹰﺎ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺫﻝﻙ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﻗﺎﻁﻌﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﻭﺸﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻴﺎﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻷﻥ‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻤﺤﺩﺩ ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺩﻭﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻌﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻭﻤﻊ ﺒﺭﻭﺯ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺇﺠـﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﺴـﺘﻨﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺇﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﺎﻫﻤﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﻓـﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺘﻤﺘﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨـﺎﺘﺞ ﻋـﻥ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻴﺅﺜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﺒل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻻﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻝﻴل ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﺩﻋﻰ ﺒﻪ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺭﻏﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻼﺯﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔـﺎﺫ‬

‫ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻡ ﻴﺤل ﺩﻭﻥ ﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻤـﹰﺎ ﺘﺸـﺭﻴﻌﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺴـﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺒﺨﺼﻭﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺨﺼﻭﺼﹰﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻗﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺭﻑ ﻤـﺅﺨﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﻭﺴـﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﻬﻭﺍﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤـﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﺭﺓ ﻝﻨﻅﻴﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻷﺼل ﻭﻭﻓﻕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻻ ﺸﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴـﺙ ﺒﻘـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺘﻤﻜﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺸﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻷﻜﻴـﺩ ﺒﻤﻀـﻤﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻘـﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻥ ﻷﺼﺤﺎﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻨﺼﺭﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﺠـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻘﻘﻕ ﻝﻠﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻼﺯﻤﺔ ﻝـﻪ ﻜﺈﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺴﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻅﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺜﺒـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﻻﻝﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺘﺤﻘﻘﻪ ﻭﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺴﺒﺒﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫـﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺠـﺭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻬــﺮﺱ‬
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‫‪٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪............................‬‬

‫‪٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪........................‬‬

‫‪٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.......................‬‬

‫‪٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪....................‬‬

‫‪٦١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪................‬‬

‫‪٦٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺨﻼﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﺤﻭل ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.......‬‬

‫‪٦٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺒﻨﺎ ‪‬ﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﻗﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪..................................................‬‬

‫‪٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺃﺭﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪...........................‬‬

‫‪٧٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ‪...........................................‬‬

‫‪٨٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤل‪...............................................‬‬

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‫‪٩٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪...................................‬‬

‫‪٩٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﺒﺏ‪...............................................‬‬

‫‪١٠٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﺭﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴـﺔ‪............................................‬‬

‫‪١٠٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪........................‬‬

‫‪١١١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺩﺍﻩ ﻭﺸﻤﻭﻝﻴﺘﻪ‪............‬‬

‫‪١١٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻼﻝﻴﺘﻪ‪..........‬‬

‫‪١١٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪...........‬‬

‫‪١١٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺁﺜﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻸﻓﺭﺍﺩ‪..‬‬

‫‪١٢٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﻘ ﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﺩﻯ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪..................................................................‬‬

‫‪١٢٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.........................‬‬

‫‪١٢٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.................‬‬

‫‪١٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪........‬‬

‫‪١٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻝﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪................‬‬

‫‪١٣٩‬‬ ‫]‪ Ùæù]h^fÖ‬‬

‫‪ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖ÷]ƒ^ËßÖ]ì†ÓÊ‬‬

‫‪١٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.................‬‬

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‫‪١٤٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‪................................‬‬

‫‪١٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ‪..................‬‬

‫‪١٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻅﻬﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺃﻭﺍﺌل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻤﻥ ﻋﺸﺭ‪.......‬‬

‫‪١٥٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ‪.......‬‬

‫‪١٧٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪............‬‬

‫‪١٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.....................‬‬

‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﺼﻁﻼﺤ ﹰﺎ‪...........................‬‬

‫‪١٧٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺒﻭﺠﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪.................................‬‬

‫‪١٩٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻐﺔ ﻭﺇﺼﻁﻼﺤ ﹰﺎ‪.................................‬‬

‫‪٢٠٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﺩﻝﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪....................‬‬

‫‪٢١٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..................‬‬

‫‪٢١٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.....................‬‬

‫‪٢١٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..................‬‬

‫‪٢٢٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.................................................................‬‬

‫‪٢٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..‬‬

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‫‪٢٣٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪...................‬‬

‫‪٢٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.............................‬‬

‫‪٢٤١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪................................‬‬

‫‪٢٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪.................................‬‬

‫‪٢٥٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪....................................‬‬

‫‪٢٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻨﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪........................................‬‬

‫‪٢٦١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ‪...................‬‬

‫‪٢٦٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪......................................‬‬

‫‪٢٦٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺭﺴـﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...................................‬‬

‫‪٢٧٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺇﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺒﻪ‪..........................‬‬

‫‪٢٨٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺘﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻤﻭل‪...........‬‬

‫‪٢٩٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﻤﺱ‪ :‬ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ‪...............‬‬

‫‪٣٠١‬‬ ‫]‪ êÞ^nÖ]h^fÖ‬‬

‫‪ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]ƒ^ËßÖ]íÃÎ]æÐéfŞil^fתjÚ‬‬

‫‪٣٠٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﺒﻨﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪...............................‬‬

‫‪٣٠٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.............................‬‬

‫‪٣٠٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.........................‬‬

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‫‪٣١٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪............................‬‬

‫‪٣١٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺁﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺇﻝﻰ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪..................‬‬

‫‪٣٢٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪................‬‬

‫‪٣٤١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.................‬‬

‫‪٣٤١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪..........‬‬

‫‪٣٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻘﺒل ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.......................‬‬

‫‪٣٥٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.................................................‬‬

‫‪٣٥٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﺭﺴﺎﺀ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...‬‬

‫‪٣٥٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٣٥٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.......................‬‬

‫‪٣٦٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺨﻀﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻝﻤﺒﺩﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪................................................................‬‬

‫‪٣٦٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺩﻻﺌل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.....‬‬

‫‪٣٧٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺩﻻﺌل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪....................................................................‬‬

‫‪٣٧٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻭﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﻴﺔ‪..........................................................‬‬

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‫‪٣٨٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.............................‬‬

‫‪٣٩١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻌﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪...............................................................‬‬

‫‪٣٩٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫‪٤٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻭﻗﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺒﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.........................................‬‬

‫‪٤١٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻵﻝﻲ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪.........‬‬

‫‪٤٢٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺃﺜﺭ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻝﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪......‬‬

‫‪٤٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫﻩ‪.............‬‬

‫‪٤٢٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪............................‬‬

‫‪٤٣٢‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪................‬‬

‫‪٤٣٥‬‬ ‫]‪ oÖ^nÖ]h^fÖ‬‬

‫‪ë…]ý]…]†Ï×ÖêÞæÓÖý]ƒ^ËßÖ]Øñ^‰æ‬‬

‫‪٤٣٩‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.............................‬‬

‫‪٤٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.....................‬‬

‫‪٤٤٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.................................‬‬

‫‪٤٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪....................................‬‬

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‫‪٤٦٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪....................................................................‬‬

‫‪٤٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...........‬‬

‫‪٤٧٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺒﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪........................‬‬

‫‪٤٧٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...................‬‬

‫‪٤٩٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪........‬‬

‫‪٥٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.........................‬‬

‫‪٥٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪...................................‬‬

‫‪٥٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.....................‬‬

‫‪٥٥٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪..........................‬‬

‫‪٥٦٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻤﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪....................‬‬

‫‪٥٦١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪................‬‬

‫‪٥٨١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.......‬‬

‫‪٥٨٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪.........‬‬

‫‪٥٨٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻲ ﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪....................‬‬

‫‪٥٩٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻺﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪........‬‬

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‫‪٦١٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.................................................................‬‬

‫‪٦١٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪........‬‬

‫‪٦٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‬

‫‪٦٥٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻴﻘﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‪.................................................................‬‬

‫‪٦٦٣‬‬ ‫]‪ Äe]†Ö]h^fÖ‬‬

‫]‪ë…]ý]…]†ÏÖ]ƒ^ËÞíÃÎ]çÖêÞæÓÖý]l^fmý‬‬

‫‪٦٦٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪................‬‬

‫‪٦٧٠‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻀﻲ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﻬﺎ‪..............‬‬

‫‪٦٧٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻤﻴﻼﺩ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﺭﺍﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨ ﹰﺎ‪.......‬‬

‫‪٦٨٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ‪...‬‬

‫‪٧٠٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﺼل ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪...............‬‬

‫‪٧٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﻋﺏﺀ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.........................‬‬

‫‪٧٠٦‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.............................‬‬

‫‪٧١٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻨﻁﺎﻕ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻭﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪..........................................................‬‬

‫‪٧١٨‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪........‬‬

‫‪852‬‬
‫‪٧٣٤‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻝﺙ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪....‬‬

‫‪٧٣٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻷﻭل‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪......‬‬

‫‪٧٤٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﺤﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻹﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪......‬‬

‫‪٧٥٣‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺘﻤﺔ‪....................................................................‬‬

‫‪٧٦٧‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺌﻤﺔ ﺒﺄﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ‪........................................................‬‬

‫‪٨٣٧‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺒﺎﻝﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ‪....................................................‬‬

‫‪٨٤٥‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻬﺭﺱ‪....................................................................‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪.............................................................. Summary‬‬

‫‪853‬‬
 Summary
In the shade of the modern technological revolution,
the public administration entity resorted to the electronic
reality to perform its required activity and to achieve a new
shape of communication with its audience. In the same time,
this reality became also a new home for the legal works and
acts of whatever parties including the ones in which the
administration is a party, as the administration was not
isolated from this development but it was keen to meet it to
accomplish its desire of creation and matching every thing
new within its activity, so it established the electronic
administration system which resulted in transferring most of
its works to the electronic reality and established the
electronic culture on the account of the paper culture.
Hence, establishing this new system led to legal acts of the
administration appearing in new form, as the legal decision
like others became existent through electronic procedures,
which are used also in verifying its validity and its
execution and completion, and we notice its existence on an
electronic mean after it was coming in shape of a paper
document.
This development, for sure, raised a very important
issue, that is, the extent of its legitimacy as this last one is a
must within every administrative work, especially, this

I
development affected the most important commanding
mean the administration owns before the individuals, that is,
the administrative decision, and it also affected the most
important phase in it which is its validity, as this last one
makes the decision valid to join the current legal system and
to be actually effective in the legal positions of the
individuals with the rights and obligations it holds.
On this foundation, the most important phase the
administrative decision runs in relation to its parties was not
far from this development but it was present in the shade of
the ability of the electronic procedures and means to attain
the knowledge of the content of the administrative decision
and communicating it to the stakeholders through their
validity to accomplish the programmable transferring
process of information and documents from and to the
decision parties.
According to the previous inputs, the event of validity
in its new shape comes out of the womb of electronic
administration system and relates to the electronic
administrative decision and undertakes the information of
this last one through the modern means of communication
available to the administration and the individuals together.
Hence, its legitimacy is based on the legitimacy of both the
mentioned system and the decision it issues.

II
 It is evidenced that this new system was not welcome
in some jurisprudence especially it bears the same hazards
to the individuals as it represents a rich soil and a new
environment for privileges the administration owns with a
different character than previously, but we – and others –
had a different opinion than those, out of a major rule, that
is, the administrative law was always present with its
flexible and advanced rules in every thing new within the
administrative work and it did not deprive the
administration’s right to develop its performance based on
matching with the public interest, also, this new system does
not confiscate the fact of administration existence for the
sake of computer or disputes administrative law foundations
which address the administration not the computer, but it
exists through its technical human element that is
indispensable in this regard, and that the computer and the
other means are just new means in its hands, and that we are
before management by computer and not computer
management and there is a big different between the two,
and that the role of the last one does not exceed expressing
the will of the administration or transferring it in a
programmable shape without replacing it in issuing the
administrative decisions or making administrative contracts
etc.

III
 Also, the administration is committed to use the
means of technology in the shade of modernization nature
associating its work and imposes being in harmony with the
current development and not neglecting it to be an obstacle
before the aspirations of the individuals in accomplishing
their transactions in the best way and shortest time. Also,
the public interest considerations require the activation of
this system. Also, the acceptance of this system is becoming
wider with the modern legislative direction prominence that
established the electronic transaction and electronic
signature laws and others.
The electronic administrative decision is represented
in the electronic document expressing the obligatory and
individual will for arranging a specific legal impact, and its
legitimacy is confirmed also through the same traditional
rules regulating the administration power in making the
administrative decision, this last one has obligated the
administration to reveal the content of its decision without
being restricted to a specific mean or a specific character to
do this. Hence, it may resort to what the new reality
provides of procedures and means to make its decision and
to disclose its will content, which means that the decision in
its new shape is based on the same original power of the
administration with a different mean of disclosure used in its
traditional administrative decision counterpart.
IV
 The event of execution in its new shape reflects the
more recent shape of it and a new phase not separated from
the phases of its development since it was born in its
primitive shape through law rocks writing and ancient
orders, so in a phase completing their previous ones, and
undertakes the task of entering the electronic administrative
decision to the execution phase before its parties, and
reveals the administration usage of whatever available of
electronic means to inform the content of these decisions
through two main processes, that are, electronic sending and
receiving of the administrative decision document.
The happening development to decision execution takes its
legitimacy from the flexible nature of the administrative law
rules that allows the accompaniment of administration
works and related events and technology revolution and
their appearance in programmable nature. Also, these works
and events naturally need modernization which is a must to
establish their validity and effectiveness in our modern time
which witnesses the involvement of technology in
everything so it became a feature and a title for every new
activity.
The event of execution in its new shape does not
differ from its previous counterpart in that it requires the
legal existence of the administrative decision to
acknowledge its existence, considering that this existence
V
became related to the new character procedures, and the
most clear evidence of this is the electronic signature which
maintains the legal existence of the electronic administrative
decision provided that the technical and legal controls
established by the legislator in the laws organising the
electronic signature are considered to generate its legal
impact and to admit its argument in evidencing the identity
of the electronic transactions parties and confirming their
will to what they bear.
Certainly, the development of the event of execution
will not be separated from its three means, as the electronic
publishing of the administrative decisions has appeared and
gradually replaced its paper counterpart, and the new
publishing is represented in the programming process
aiming at transferring the knowledge of the administrative
decision content to everybody through specific electronic
means in line with the purpose of publishing to attain the
group knowledge, among the most important of which are
“web pages or electronic sites”.
To accept the electronic publishing a legislative
interference must exist handling its new terms, but this will
not disallow us to say that the current legal system has
enough flexibility to depend on this publishing sometimes.
This is based on two things, the first is when the legislator
determines the required way of publishing, and in this
VI
regard, the administration restriction is obvious in following
the same specific legal method but this does not extend to
its restriction with the mechanism followed in attaining this
method. Hence, transferring it to the electronic reality,
considering that the paper official newspaper may not be
transferred to the new reality except through a clear
legislative interference by issuing a law of the electronic
official newspaper, unlike publishing through electronic
newspapers and visual screens in the public facilities that is
enough for them to put the systems and regulations of them
by the administration and to generalize them to the
concerned ones.
But if the legislator did not determine the publishing
method the administration is entitled to select the suitable
way in which the judiciary has required its attainment for
the knowledge of the administrative decision in the best way
in line with the conditions of the ones addressed, finally, its
course remains subject to the judiciary control which
decides if it is right or wrong, confirming that currently it
may not resort to a specific way that needs legislative
interference as in publishing through the official electronic
newspaper.
If such legislative guarantees establish the electronic
publishing and accept its existence legally but it needs to
confirm its existence through the provision of conditions
VII
and controls for its validity that do not exceed these ones
required in its paper counterpart, so the administration must
consider the nature of the administrative decision being
published electronically, and to respect the legally required
method according to the specific procedures of it by the
legislator, and publishing all the decision or what is enough
to remove ignorance, and connecting the entities publishing
to electronic distribution of bulletins for all the relative
employees, and that the distribution is regular and in a
specific date, and in all cases, the electronic document must
include the decision publishing date.
Also, the process of declaring the administrative
decisions has developed and been affected by the
programmable feature as the publishing, and the electronic
declaration means the programmable process undertaken by
the administration entity to send the decision document to
the relative one through the available means to attain its
handover and possession in the form of electronic document
on the computer or the mobile phone, and as the declaration
is based on personal information of the decision content the
administration is committed to use means able to do that and
the most important of which are electronic mail messages
and mobile phone.
The reality confirms that the electronic declaration
process of the administrative decisions is associated with
VIII
issuing a programming command allowing the beginning of
its accomplish through entering the command of sending to
the electronic mean of conveying the document from one
party to another, and the location of this process or
command is represented in the administrative decision itself
which is held by an electronic support and located in the
electronic document, and that the sending command is a
physical process with a programmable or technical nature
not restricting its legal impact unlike the administrative
decision being sent, considering that sending the decision by
fax is not deemed electronic declaration as the document
will eventually reach the concerned person in the form of
paper.
Add to this, some electronic procedures taken by the
two parties of the decision may in themselves form technical
evidences indicating the existence of assured knowledge of
the content of the administrative decisions even if they are
not published or declared by the administration, which
acquired the assured knowledge theory a remarkable
development in this regard and new dimensions not found
before, along with indicating that what is provided by the
electronic reality of notifications and notices and
programmable handover reports through the electronic mail
or the mobile phone are not considered evidences indicating
the assured knowledge but a proof of completing the
IX
completion of electronic declaration by receiving the
decision by the concerned person, meaning that it attains the
assured knowledge resulting from the declaration but not the
independent knowledge which is deemed a third method
from the methods of execution in addition to publishing and
declaration, among these evidences is the electronic
correspondence between the two parties of the decision and
the electronic plead through the mail or the electronic
execution of the administrative decision and so on.
Therefore, the validity of depending on the
programmable evidences stemmed from the electronic
procedures to indicate the assured knowledge is based on
what is established in relation to the assured knowledge that
it is generated through the confirmed knowledge of the
individuals of the decision without receiving its text, which
is attained by the electronic procedures sometimes despite
that the electronic decision document has not reached the
hands of its owners, hence, these documents may join the
traditional procedures, and the judiciary did not give any
importance to the modality of attaining this knowledge but
it focused on the nature of the available knowledge and its
conditions and its role in conveying the content of the
administrative decision to its owners, which may be
available in both cases.

X
 But this does not mean to escape the necessity of
providing the same conditions in electronic assured
knowledge as the case in the traditional knowledge to
consider it valid, as what we have said before allows the
existence of this knowledge for the first instance, while
what is required here beside this for this knowledge to be
conclusive in its indication and inclusive to the content of
the decision and proved in a specific date in addition to its
existence in the shade of electronic publishing or declaration
absence as the assured knowledge is established without
them not with them.
With the emergence of the electronic execution event
of the administrative decision, proving this event is not in its
traditional status any more, as we are before electronic
procedures and documents contributing to its formation and
establishing the proof of its completion, so, the technical
nature of this event extends to the issue of proving it, which
means that the development resulting from applying the
electronic administration system does not affect the work’s
nature only but the way of proof also, and the electronic
proof means establishing the proof through the electronic
means on a specific thing claimed before the judiciary
aiming at arranging its legal impacts.
Despite the challenges that associate the electronic
proving process of the execution event but this did not
XI
disallow bypassing them because of the legislative wide
concern of them, especially, that the legislator has recently
recognized the electronic means of proof among which are
the electronic writing or document as well as the electronic
writings and mail messages and mobile phones and gave
them the same authenticity and the legal decided value of
their paper counterpart in terms of the origin and according
to specific conditions.
No doubt that proving the execution event completion
is based mainly on proving the electronic administrative
decision, nothing is new in this regard in terms of the
existence of proof burden on the administration entity
claiming this, and the proof here goes to enabling the
judiciary of knowing the electronic procedures taken by the
administration that resulted in providing the assured
knowledge of the content of the published or declared
administrative decision to its concerned ones, and it also
goes to proving the electronic procedure existence attaining
the assured knowledge or the associate evidence such as
proving the existence of electronic correspondence or
pleads, hence proving the knowledge itself and proving its
conclusive indication and its attainment date and the
existence of a current causative relation between this
procedure and the knowledge gained from it.

XII