Civil Engineering

Environmental Science (3110007)

INTRODUCTION
Presented By
Prof. Pooja Patanwal

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLGY

 WHAT IS ENVIRONMENT?
• “ENVIRONNER”(French word)=encircle or surround.

• The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or

plant lives or survives.

• It's everything that makes up our surroundings and affects our

ability to live on the earth—the air we breathe, the water that
covers most of the earth's surface, the plants and animals around
us, and much more.
ENVIRONMENT INCLUDES:-
AIR
WATER
SOIL
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT – FLORA & FAUNA
NOISE
AESTHETICS
CULTURAL
SOCIAL-ECONOMIC
POLITICAL CONDITIONS
 Environment
• Environment can be divided into following components

Environment

Abiotic components
Biotic components
i.e. Non living
i.e. Living things
things
 Ecology
• Definition:- Ecology is derived from two Greek words
“Oikos” & “Logos”

• Ecology= Oikos + Logos

• Oikos means house or dwelling place
• Logos means study of

• Thus Ecology can be define as “Study of organisms with

respect to their house or dwelling place”.
 Ecosystem
 “ECOSYSTEM”= ‘eco ’+ ’system’
• Eco means environment
• System means interacting and
interdependent complex

• Definition:- Ecosystem is Define as “Natural Functional

Ecological Unit Comprising of living organisms & their
non living environment which interact to form a self
supporting system” is known as Ecosystem.
 Environment
• Environmental Science: “The systematic & scientific study
of our environment and our role in it. This branch include
the knowledge of Pure science & to some extent Social
Sciences”.

• Environmental Studies: “The branch of Study concerned

with environmental issues. It has a broader coverage than
environment science and includes the social aspects of the
environment”.
 Objectives of ES
• Awareness:- about our environment and its allied
problems
• Knowledge:- acquire basic understanding and experience
about our environment and associated problems
• Attitude:- concern for the environment and active
participation in its improvement and protection
• Skill:- identifying and solving environmental problems
• Participation:- providing opportunity to be involved
in resolving the environmental problems
 Environment’s components

• Environment can be divided into 4 components.

1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Lithosphere
4. Biosphere
 Atmosphere
• Atmosphere is mixture of various gases and water vapour and
sub atomic particles that entirely covers the earth extending
outward several thousand kilometres.
Composition of Clean Dry Air
CONSTITUENT CONCENTRATION

NITROGEN (N2 ) 0.7808

OXYGEN (O2) 0.2095

ARGON (Ar) 0.0093

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) 355 ppm

NEON (Ne) 18 ppm

HELIUM (He) 5.2 ppm

METHANE (CH4) 1.8 ppm

KRYPTON (Kr) 1.1 ppm

NITROUS OXIDE (N2O) 0.3 ppm

HYDROGEN (H) 0.5 ppm

OZONE (O3) 0.01 ppm

 Structure of Atmosphere
• Troposphere

• Stratosphere

• Mesosphere

• Thermosphere

• Exosphere
Temperature profile curve of atmosphere
 Hydrosphere
• The Hydrosphere is in fact the water environment.
• About 70% of earth is covered by water.

1%

97%
 Lithosphere
• The outer soil crust of the earth is Lithosphere.

• The lithosphere includes the brittle upper portion of

the mantle and the crust, the outermost layers of
Earth’s structure.

• It is bounded by the atmosphere above and

the asthenosphere (another part of the upper mantle)
below.
 Biosphere
• It is a thin outer crust of the earth which includes all
the living organisms and their environment.

• It extends from the lowest sea bed level to about 24

km. of the atmosphere.

• The life supporting resources are also available from

the biosphere.

• Thus biosphere consists of lithosphere atmosphere

and hydrosphere.
 Impact of Technology on Environment
• New and better technology is being introduced, by
each passing day. This advancement of technology
is beneficial, but has also created adverse effects
on the environment.
• Advancement of technology & machines, has
increased industrialization and increased pollution.
• Advancement in weapon technology had also
considerably affected the environment.
• New technology means more production and more
consumption like vehicles, which creates pollution.
• Thus technology, on one hand can be beneficial,
but can create a bad impact on the environment.
 Impact of Technology on Environment
• More and better machines mean that there will be
rapid industrialization. No doubt industrialization is
beneficial for the economy, and as well as for the
people living in the country.

• Improvement in technology will improve the

production of weapons, and when these weapons
will be tested and used; then also the environment
will get polluted. Increased use of cars will increase
the pollution &destroy the environment.

• With development in technology and

industrialization, many areas with natural beauty will
be destroyed, in order to establish industries, thus
creating bad impact on environment.
 Impact of Technology on Environment
• Improvement in technology has also led to
pollute children's mind. Media and the
computers are the source of technology, but
they have led in polluting the mind, and
destroying their health and environment of
studies.

• Children spend more time watching

television or using computers, so less time for
studies & recreation; which has affected their
physical & mental growth.
Impact of Technology on Environment
“POSITIVE” IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY

The development of science and technology has made a

positive impact on environment and on us.
For example, modern technology has allowed us to
-> grow crops
-> eat nutritious food and pest free food
->have more comfortable homes and good medicines.
 Environment Degradation
• Environmental Degradation is a process through which
the natural environment is compromised in some way,
reducing biological diversity and the general health of
the environment.
• The process can be entirely natural or caused by
human activities.
• Many international organizations recognize
environmental degradation as one of the major
threats facing the planet, since human have only been
given one earth to work with and if environment
becomes irreparably compromised, it could mean
the end of human existence.
 Types of Environment
Degradation
Deforestation

Desertification Erosion

Emission
The proposed three factor model
in a given area comprises of…
To explain the impact(I) the proposed three factor model in a
given area comprises of :
1. The population size (P)

2. Per capita consumption of resources (A)

3. Degradational pollution caused per unit of resources used

(T)
Hence, I= P*A*T
In Developing countries three P’s or P3 i.e. Population, poverty
and pollution are the key factors for rapid environmental
degradation.
 Sustainable Development
• Sustainable development is the development
that meets the needs of the present without
jeopardising the needs of future generation.

• Every generation should leave air, water and

soil as pure and unpolluted as possible.
Although it is difficult thing, it can be achieved
through proper environmental management.
 Preventive Measures
• Control of population.
• Reduction in excessive usage of resources and enhancing
resources conservation.
• Recycling and reuse of materials for waste minimization.
• Using cleaner fuel and technologies.
• Concentrating more on social and economic
development.
• Development of good mass transportation facilities.
• By using effective environmental management tools like
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental
Management System (EMS) like ISO 14001 etc.
 Conclusion
• The degradation of the natural resource base and environment
is started with various human and economic development
activities.
• The government has now realized the need for concern
regarding environmental issues, and started incorporating
environment into policies dealing with various sectors.
• There is a lack of coherence among policies, and no holistic
approach to mitigate environmental degradation and conserve
resources.
• It is important to develop a climate change adaptation strategy
for the country, particularly to mitigate impacts of extreme
climatic events such as droughts, floods, cyclones, and storm
surges.
• Now people are also conscious about
environmental degradation and are ready against it.
 References
• Search Engine
(www.google.com)
• Environmental Science
(Mahajan Publishing House – 7th Edition)
Let’s Go Green...

Thank You