‫‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪: Point‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ ,‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (1‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Format‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Point style‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺃﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ‪ Ok‬ﻟﻐﻠﻖ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺍﺭ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Draw‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Point‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺃﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Single Point‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ‪ Multiple point‬ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪ grid‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫‪(a‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪ ,‬ﺃﺫﺍ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ" ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫‪(b‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻢ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ" ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺃﻻﺧﻴﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ Set size in absolute units‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﻢ‬ ‫‪(c‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Divide‬ﻭﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪. Measure‬‬ ‫‪(d‬‬

‫)‪(24‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪: Line‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪ Line‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻢ ) ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺃﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .a‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Draw‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪. Line‬‬
‫‪ .b‬ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ /‬ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .c‬ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Line‬ﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺮ ﺃﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Command: Line‬‬
‫‪Specify first point:‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﺳﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [Close\undo]:‬‬

‫ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ )‪ (Enter‬ﻵﻧﻬﺎء ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ grid‬ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ )‪ (10‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ snap‬ﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔﺰ )‪ (10‬ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪. Line‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬

‫)‪(25‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪ (5‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ) ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻦ ﺃﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﺃﻻﻳﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺸﻜﻞ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (6‬ﺣﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺃﻻﻳﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (7‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺃﻻﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (8‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﻧﺤﻮ )ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻴﻦ( ‪ 3‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺗﺠﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (9‬ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ‪ u‬ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪ undo‬ﻟﻶﻣﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﻴﺮﺓ ‪ ) .‬ﺃﺫﺍ ﻧﻔﺬﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ‪ u‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﺘﺨﺘﻔﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻻﺧﻴﺮ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (10‬ﺃﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﻻﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺃﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (11‬ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ‪ c‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪ close‬ﻵﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ ,‬ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺗﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺃﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ‪ Command‬ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺮ ﺃﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (12‬ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ Enter‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Line‬ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ Enter‬ﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﺧﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (13‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ Enter‬ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺭﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺄﺧﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ‪ Line‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (14‬ﺃﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﻢ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ‪ Enter‬ﻵﻧﻬﺎء ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (15‬ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ‪ u‬ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ undo‬ﺳﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﺧﺘﻔﺎء ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﻻﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ‪ ,‬ﻵﻧﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻌﻨﺎ‪ undo‬ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Line‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻻﻣﺮ ﺃﻻﺧﻴﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (16‬ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ redo‬ﻓﺘﻼﺣﻆ ﻋﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ ﺃﻻﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (17‬ﺃﺧﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ‪ undo‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ‪ ,‬ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻻﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺃﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬﺓ ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪ redo‬ﻓﺄﻧﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﻴﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(26‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪ ‬ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﻣﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ‪ ,‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ) ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ( ﺃﻭ ﺑﺄﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺻﻴﻎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ‪: (X1,Y1),(X2,Y2) Absolute‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﻤﺜﻼ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪150,150‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:150,100‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:150,150‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪150,100‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :2-‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺿﻠﻌﺔ )‪ (50mm‬؟‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪100,150‬‬ ‫‪150,150‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:150,100‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:150,150‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:100,150‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪150,100‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:100,100‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬

‫)‪(27‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪: (X1,Y1),(∆X,∆Y) Relative‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻠﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ) ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ( ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪@0,50‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50,0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@0,50‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50,0‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :2-‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺿﻠﻌﺔ )‪ (50mm‬؟‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪@-50,0‬‬ ‫‪@0,50‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50,0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@0,50‬‬ ‫‪@0,-50‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]: @-50,0‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50,0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@0,-50‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻵﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪: (X1,Y1),(L < α ) Polar‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﺔ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻭﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻑ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻦ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(28‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50<90‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50<0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50<90‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50<0‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :2-‬ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺿﻠﻌﺔ )‪ (50mm‬؟‬

‫‪Command:Line‬‬

‫‪Specify first point:100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50<180‬‬ ‫‪@50<90‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50<0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50<90‬‬ ‫‪@50<270‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]: @50<180‬‬ ‫‪100,100‬‬ ‫‪@50<0‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:@50<270‬‬

‫‪Specify next point or [undo]:Enter‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻵﺧﻄﺎء ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺧﻄﺎء ﺃﺛﻨﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ ,‬ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻵﺧﻄﺎء ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ) ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ ( Enter‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ Back space‬ﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪ ,‬ﺃﻭ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ‪ Esc‬ﻵﻟﻐﺎء ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫)‪(29‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪ ‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻑ ‪ U‬ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﻵﻟﻐﺎء ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ‪. Undo‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ‪: Circle‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻵﻣﺮ ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻵﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ‬

‫‪Specify center point for circle or [3P\ 2P \ Ttr (tan tan radius)]:‬‬

‫ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺳﻴﻌﺘﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]:‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ‪ d‬ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ‪: 3P‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify first point on circle:‬‬

‫)‪(30‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫‪Specify second point on circle:‬‬

‫‪Specify third point on circle:‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ‪: 2P‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﻼﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺮ ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﻴﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify first endpoint of circle's diameter:‬‬

‫‪Specify second endpoint of circle's diameter:‬‬

‫ﺃﺑﺪﺃ ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻵﻭﻟﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻴﻦ ﻭﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ‪: TTR‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻤﺲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻱ ﺭﺳﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify point on object for first tangent of circle:‬‬

‫‪Specify point on object for second tangent of circle:‬‬

‫‪Specify radius of circle<current>:‬‬

‫)‪(31‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺃﺭﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ) ﺃ ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻧﻔﺬ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﻭﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ‪. ttr‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻵﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ) ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ ( ‪ ,‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺣﺪﺩ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺭﺳﻤﻬﺎ ) ﻳﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ( ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﺎﺕ ‪: Tan,Tan,Tan‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺃﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Specify first point on circle:‬‬

‫‪Specify second point on circle:‬‬

‫‪Specify third point on circle:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺭﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺲ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‬

‫)‪(32‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪1 -‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪2 -‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪4 -‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪3 -‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪6 -‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪5 -‬‬

‫)‪(32‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪7 -‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪8 -‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪9 -‬‬

‫)‪(33‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬

 ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪10 -‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ‪11 -‬‬

‫)‪(34‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻵﺳﺘﺎﺩ ‪:‬ﻡ‪.‬ﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪﻱ‬ ‫‪U‬‬