UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
PUNCAK ALAM CAMPUS
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPY (Hons.)
HS244
UPH654 KNOW YOUR MEDICINE
CASE STUDY 20%
PREPARED BY:
NUR ASHARINA BINTI LUKMANNORHAKIMEY
2020879052
HS244-4F
PREPARED FOR:
PN. NUR SABIHA BINTI MD HUSSIN
SUBMISSION DATE:
21st MAY 2021
Case study (20%)
Instruction for students:
1. You are required to gather information about ONE MEDICINE that your
family/friend/acquaintance is taking.
2. Write a short description of the subject which include:
Content Information
Name of the subject Mrs. H
Age 41 years old
Weight/Height 52kg/147cm
BMI 24.1 kg/m² (Normal)
Past & current medication list Past medication list: Ventolin 2mg (only
when symptoms occur, not taken daily)
Current medication list:
- Prisolone 5mg, Amoxycillin 250mg,
Sedilix-DM
Social history Occupation: Housewife
Support at home: family
Smoking history: non-smoker
Alcohol history: non-alcoholic
Recreational drug use: None
Exercise: NIL
Past & current medical condition Past medical condition: Asthma since 4 years ago,
symptoms only induce with cold weather, smoke,
excessive physical activity, no symptoms at rest.
Current medical condition: Dry cough, acute sore
throat (pharyngitis), flu, fever
3. The information about the medicine include:
Bil Content Information
1 Generic name of medicine Prednisolone
2 Brand name of medicine Prisolone
3 Specific indication of the Relief pain of the sore throat due to
medicine pharyngitis/tonsilitis/clinical syndrome of painful throat
and odynophagia.
Managing sore throat by corticosteroids and reduce in
unnecessary use of antibiotics to improve symptoms
of sore throat.
(Bergeson, K et al., 2013)
Anti-inflammatory of corticosteroids relive pain in sore throat
Short usage of corticosteroids effective in:
Acute sinusitis
Croup
Asthma
(Bergeson, K. et al., 2019)
Used in severe inflammatory conditions:
Allergies
Arthritis
Asthma
Skin reactions
Others:
Immunosuppressive/endocrine
Rheumatic
Collagen
Dermatologic
allergic states
ophthalmic
respiratory
hematologic
neoplastic
edematous
gastrointestinal
acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis
as an anti-inflammatory and an antineoplastic agent
It affects the immune system to help relieve swelling,
redness, itching, and allergic reactions
(Puckett Y et al., 2020)
4 Strength of the medicine 5 mg
5 Dose of the medicine 2 times per day (morning and night)
6 Instruction on how to take The tablets cannot be broke, divided, crushed, or
medicine chewed but just swallow it whole for oral solutions
because changing the form of prolonged or extended-
release tablets will lead to worsening of the adverse
effects, alter its effectiveness, cause uncontrolled
release of the active ingredient, or the latter may be
impaired if it is contained in enteric coated tablets or
has the potential to cause stomach upset
(Gracia-Vásquez et al., 2017).
Taking the drugs after meals to avoid stomach
irritation.
Take prednisolone according to doctor’s instructions,
based on the right dose at the same time daily
including for short term or prolonged uses.
If forget to take the dose at right time, do not double
the dose as a compensation.
Check if there is “enteric coated” or “gastro resistant”
label, it can be taken before or after meals as it will
prevent medicine from irritate the stomach
Discuss with the doctor if taking others medicines as
it will interact with each other and cause harmful
effects, for instance NSAIDs can cause stomach ulcer
If having dysphagia, request for soluble tablets or
liquid
Stopping medications is not allowed without doctor’s
instructions
Helen Marshall, B. (2019, June 17).
7 Formulation of medicine C21H28O5 M.W. 360.45
https://www.rxlist.com/prednisolone-drug.htm#description
8 Route of administration Oral
9 Registration number MAL19900046AZ
10 Medicine storage Stored the medicines in the close container in room
temperature, avoid from heat, moisture, and direct
freezing.
Freezing is not allowed
Keep it away from the reach of children
Do not store an expire medicines
Way of disposing the medicine should be told by
healthcare professional.
(Mayoclinic)
11 Contraindications Documented hypersensitivity to this drug or the
ingredients used in the drugs- Allergic symptoms may
occur for instance, rash, itching, shortness of breath,
or face, lips, tongue or tongue swelling depending on
severity.
Cold sores that affect the eyes
Stomach ulcer
Untreated infections- taking Prednisolone could
expose patient to the infection causing an illness or if
patients already develop infections, taking steroids
could lead to blood poisoning (septicaemia)
Systemic fungal infection varicella, superficial herpes
simplex keratitis
Currently had or plan to have live attenuated-vaccine
(Puckett Y et al., 2020)
Expired date of Prednisolone should not be used
Pregnant or plan to become pregnant except for
benefits given is more than the risks
https://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/predsolone-
tablets
12 Adverse reactions Prolonged use of corticosteroids;
Osteoporosis
Fractures
HPA-axis suppression
Cushingoid appearance
Weight gain
hyperglycemia/ diabetes
CVD and dyslipidemia
Myopathy
Cataracts
Glaucoma
Psychiatric disturbances
Immunosuppression
Other GI and dermatologic events
(Liu, D. et al., 2013)
Skin fragility
Body weight gain
Increase risk of infection
Fractures
Cardiovascular and metabolic effects:
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Dyslipidemia
(Schijvens, A. M et al., 2019)
13 Use in pregnancy and Pregnant women on prednisolone may lead to fetal
lactation abnormalities such as cleft palate, fetal death
(stillbirth), spontaneous abortion and premature
births, hydrocephalus, gastroschisis.
Before consuming prednisolone, it is important to
note doctor if having planning to pregnant or become
pregnant.
National Center for Biotechnology Information
(2021).
Usage of prednisolone the delay-released tablet in
pregnancy is recorded in category D which proves of
bad effects during pregnancy.
For immediate release tablets, not enough study
recently
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prednisone-oral-
tablet#other-warnings
Oral prednisolone detected in breastmilk are
extremely low and the risk of affecting baby is also
low making it safe in breastfeeding
(Ryu, R. J et al., 2018)
Injection of corticosteroids into joints cause reduction
of lactation temporarily for moderate and high doses
but breastfeeding above 4 hours could reduce the
dose into the infants
(Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) 2021)
14 Shape of medicine Square
15 Color of medicine White
16 Photo of medicine
4. Organise the information in the form of report (paragraph) or in a table
5. Include all references that you use
Bergeson, K., Rogers, N., & Prasad, S. (2013). PURLs: corticosteroids for a sore throat?. The
Journal of family practice, 62(7), 372–374.
Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine
(US); 2006-. Prednisone. [Updated 2021 Feb 15]. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501077/
Gracia-Vásquez, Sandra & Barranco, Patricia & Camacho-Mora, I.A. & González-Santiago, Omar &
Vázquez Rodríguez, Silvana. (2017).
Helen Marshall, B. (2019, June 17). How do you take prednisolone? Retrieved from
https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/a27200/prednisolone-dosage-and-how-to-take/
Liu, D., Ahmet, A., Ward, L., Krishnamoorthy, P., Mandelcorn, E. D., Leigh, R., Brown, J. P.,
Cohen, A., & Kim, H. (2013). A practical guide to the monitoring and management of the
complications of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology :
official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 9(1), 30.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1710-1492-9-30
Medications that should not be crushed. Medicina Universitaria. 19. 10.1016/j.rmu.2017.03.001.
National Center for Biotechnology Information (2021). PubChem Annotation Record for
PREDNISOLONE, Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). Retrieved May 21,
2021 from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/3385.
Prednisolone (Prednisolone Tablets): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning. (2018, April
25). Retrieved from https://www.rxlist.com/prednisolone-drug.htm#description
Predsolone Tablets. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/predsolone-
tablets
Prednisone: Side effects, dosage, uses, and more. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/prednisone-oral-tablet#other-warnings
Ryu, R. J., Easterling, T. R., Caritis, S. N., Venkataramanan, R., Umans, J. G., Ahmed, M. S., Clark,
S., Kantrowitz-Gordon, I., Hays, K., Bennett, B., Honaker, M. T., Thummel, K. E., Shen, D.
D., & Hebert, M. F. (2018). Prednisone Pharmacokinetics During Pregnancy and
Lactation. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 58(9), 1223–1232.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1122
Schijvens, A. M., Ter Heine, R., de Wildt, S. N., & Schreuder, M. F. (2019). Pharmacology and
pharmacogenetics of prednisone and prednisolone in patients with nephrotic
syndrome. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 34(3), 389–403.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-3929-z
Yasir M, Goyal A, Bansal P, et al. Corticosteroid Adverse Effects. [Updated 2021 Mar 3]. In:
StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531462/
