ATOMIC STRUCTURE FORMATIVE

1. [1 mark]

Which element is represented by the first eight successive ionization energies on the graph?

A. Mg

B. S

C. Cl

D. Ar

Markscheme

2. [1 mark]

Which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom emits the least energy?

A. n = 2 to n = 1

B. n = 3 to n = 1

C. n = 4 to n = 2

D. n = 4 to n = 3

1
 Markscheme

3. [1 mark]

The values for the first three successive ionization energies for two elements X and Z are given.

Which pair of elements represents X and Z?

Markscheme

4. [1 mark]

Which transition on the diagram corresponds to the ionization of hydrogen in the ground state?

2
 Markscheme

5. [1 mark]

The graph shows the first ionization energies of some consecutive elements.

Which statement is correct?

A.     Y is in group 3

B.     Y is in group 10

C.     X is in group 5

D.     X is in group 18

3
 Markscheme

6. [1 mark]

The graph represents the first ten ionisation energies (IE) of an element.

What is the element?

A. O

B. S

C. Ne

D. Cl

Markscheme

7. [1 mark]

Which statement explains one of the decreases in first ionization energy (I.E.) across period 3?

4
  

A.     The nuclear charge of element Al is greater than element Mg.

B.     The electron-electron repulsion is greater, for the electron with the opposite spin, in element S
than in element P.

C.     A new sub-level is being filled at element S.

D.     The p orbital being filled in element Al is at a lower energy than the s orbital in element Mg.

Markscheme

8. [1 mark]

A period 3 element, M, forms an oxide of the type M2O. Which represents the first four successive
ionization energies of M?

5
  

Markscheme

9. [1 mark]

The diagram shows the first ionization energies of four consecutive elements in the periodic table.
Which element is in Group 14?

Markscheme

6
10. [1 mark]

The first ionization energies (in ) of five successive elements in the periodic table are:

1314, 1681, 2081, 496 and 738

What could these elements be?

A.     d-block elements

B.      The last two elements of one period and the first three elements of the next period

C.     The last three elements of one period and the first two elements of the next period

D.     The last five elements of a period

Markscheme

11. [1 mark]

What is the electron configuration of the copper(I) ion, ?

A.    

B.    

C.    

D.    

Markscheme

12. [1 mark]

Successive ionization energies for an element, Z, are shown in the table below.

What is the most likely formula for the ion of Z?

7
 A.    

B.    

C.    

D.    

Markscheme

13. [1 mark]

Which equation represents the second ionization energy of potassium?

A.    

B.    

C.    

D.    

Markscheme

14. [1 mark]

Values for the successive ionization energies for an unknown element are given in the table below.

In which group of the periodic table would the unknown element be found?

A.     1

B.     2

C.     3

8
 D.     4

Markscheme

15. [1 mark]

The graph below shows the first four ionization energies of four elements A, B, C and D (the letters are
not their chemical symbols). Which element is magnesium?

Markscheme

16. [1 mark]

Between which ionization energies of boron will there be the greatest difference?

A.     Between 1st and 2nd ionization energies

B.     Between 2nd and 3rd ionization energies

C.     Between 3rd and 4th ionization energies

D.     Between 4th and 5th ionization energies

Markscheme

17. [1 mark]

Which statements about the isotopes of an element are correct?

9
 I.     They have the same chemical properties.

II.     They have different physical properties.

III.     They have the same number of protons and electrons.

A.     I and II only

B.     I and III only

C.     II and III only

D.     I, II and III

Markscheme

18. [1 mark]

Which statement about the electromagnetic spectrum is correct?

A.     Infrared light has a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet light.

B.     Visible light has a shorter wavelength than ultraviolet light.

C.     The frequency of visible light is higher than the frequency of infrared light.

D.     The energy of infrared light is higher than the energy of visible light.

Markscheme

19a. [1 mark]

is a radioactive isotope of iodine.

Define the term isotope.

10
 Markscheme

atoms which have same atomic number but different mass number / atoms of the same element which
have different numbers of neutrons / atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of
neutrons / atom of an element with a fixed number of protons but a number of neutrons which can be
variable;

19b. [1 mark]

Determine the number of neutrons in one atom of iodine-131.

Markscheme

78;

20a. [1 mark]

The emission spectrum of an element can be used to identify it.

Draw the first four energy levels of a hydrogen atom on the axis, labelling n = 1, 2, 3 and 4.

Markscheme

11
 4 levels showing convergence at higher energy

[1 mark]

20b. [1 mark]

Draw the lines, on your diagram, that represent the electron transitions to n = 2 in the emission
spectrum.

Markscheme

arrows (pointing down) from n = 3 to n = 2 AND n = 4 to n = 2

[1 mark]
12
20c. [1 mark]

Elements show trends in their physical properties across the periodic table.

Outline why atomic radius decreases across period 3, sodium to chlorine.

Markscheme

same number of shells/«outer» energy level/shielding AND nuclear charge/number of protons/Zeff

increases «causing a stronger pull on the outer electrons»

[1 mark]

20d. [2 marks]

Outline why the ionic radius of K+ is smaller than that of Cl−.

Markscheme

K+ 19 protons AND Cl– 17 protons

OR

K+ has «two» more protons

same number of electrons/isoelectronic «thus pulled closer together»

[2 marks]

20e. [1 mark]

Copper is widely used as an electrical conductor.

13
 Draw arrows in the boxes to represent the electronic configuration of copper in the 4s and 3d orbitals.

Markscheme

[1 mark]

20f. [2 marks]

Impure copper can be purified by electrolysis. In the electrolytic cell, impure copper is the anode
(positive electrode), pure copper is the cathode (negative electrode) and the electrolyte is copper(II)
sulfate solution.

Formulate the half-equation at each electrode.

Markscheme

Anode (positive electrode):

Cu(s) → Cu2+(aq) + 2e–

Cathode (negative electrode):

Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s)

14
 Accept Cu(s) – 2e– → Cu2+(aq).

Accept  for →

Award [1 max] if the equations are at the wrong electrodes.

[2 marks]

20g. [1 mark]

Outline where and in which direction the electrons flow during electrolysis.

Markscheme

«external» circuit/wire AND from positive/anode to negative/cathode electrode

Accept “through power supply/battery” instead of “circuit”.

[1 mark]

Printed for ACS DOHA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2020

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

15