EXAMPLE 3-1 A person exerts a 30-Ib force to move a hand truck 100 ft in 60 s. a. How much work is done? b. What is the power delivered by the person? Solution a. W = FS = (301b)(100 ft) = 3000 ft Ib FS (30 Ib)(100 ft) . : er aS Sree b power = — ai 0 fe Ib/s pe “G50 ft-Ib/s/hpEXAMPLE 3-2 How much torque is delivered by a 2-hp, 1800-rpm hydraulic motor? Solution IN HP = 3,000 Substituting known values, we have 5 — 21800) “63,000 T = 70in+\bEXAMPLE 3-3 ‘An elevator raises 4 3000-Ib load through 4 distance of 50 ft in 10 s If the eft cieney ofthe entire system is 80% (80 in decimtal fraction form for use in equa- ons), iow much input horsepower is required by the elevator hoist motor? Solution (3000 1b) (308) Tangy 15H tbs ouput power e nergy and Power in Hycrat ‘output power input power 23h input power o.s0 input power = 34.1 hpEXAMPLE 3-4 For the hydraulic jack of Figure 3-6, the following data are given: 20 in? F, = 1001b Determine each of the following. ak b. Ss . The energy input d. The energy output Solution a. From Eq, (3-9) we have ¢. Energy input = FS, = (100 Ib) x (1 in) = 100 in - Ib d, Energy output = FaS3 = (1000 Ib) * (0.1 in) = 100 in + IbEXAMPLE 3-5 An operator makes one complete cycle per second interval using the hydraulic jack of Figure 3-8. Each complete cycle consists of two pump cylinder strokes (intake and power). The pump cylinder has a 1-in-diameter piston and the Figure 3-9, Three sizes of hand-operated hydraulic jacks. (Courtesy of SPX Fluid Power, Rockford, tllinois.) Figure 3-10, Hand-operated hhydraulic jack with separate pump and cylinder. (Courtesy of SPX Fluid Power, Rockford, Mlinois)oad cylinder huss 325. diameter isto I the average band foxes 2S Is during the power sake. ‘How much ead cin he led? 1 How mony cele ao equ 0H the od 10 in asming no fo eakage? The pump pision has an stoke Whats the output HP asaming 100% efficiency? <4 What ithe ouput HP assuming 9% efficieney? Solavon ‘Fist determine he fore setng onthe te of tn pup elder Ae to the mechanical advantage he np he 25) = 1006 Senact [Nextclcuat the pump elinder discharge presare rod face sone: er Pasa ew his isso he same presse ating nthe oasis fon. We ean now calculate he loud-etrying capacity: Fas Pasian ~ 127} (825) ] in? ~ 105816 1 To fin ll pani, srt i coin ible Tereoce: the total volume of ejected from the pump ein: ‘ct equas the volume oo placing te load eylinde (1 Spay pe € 0 of ye) Subattuting, we have F(a x 21m x (o,f eyes) = % (825) ia 1010 157i * (90, of ees) = 927i a ofeyles = 27« omer = SAE ner ts sap ~ 192 - posoty 30 ° ‘The HP ouput va fecal. a expected since the power ome rom a suman being a HPExanin 6 Figure 313 shows a prosure booster: wad 10 drive aloud F va a hydraulic shiner The folosne data ists Inlet ae peessure (py) = 100 ps apis area (4) = 20108 sal pton ate (4) = Lin load piton atea4,) = 28in (diameter = Sis in) Find the fonu-caing capacity Ff the system Sere pales Deeafertckarpe proe eee ecPary = Eee eg 2a, Per Pascal twp) mAs cans produce tis force witnon the booscr Would raqute a SWsnares loa piston (diameter = 252 3), assuming 1Wpsi air pressureFigure 3-23. Continuity of flow.Exaweue 37 For the pip in Fgure 928, the following daa ate given: Dy~ Ain Dy Dia nas Fin 14 The wolume flow rae @ 1 The Mud veleiy a tava 2 omens 2 = (ours V8 /5) by Solving Ea. G19) for v we have nen) =) 0EXamece 3-8 ‘A hydraulic cylinder is to compress a car body down to bale size in 10 s. The ‘operation requires a 10-ft stroke and a 8000-Ib force. Ifa 1000-psi pump has been selected, and assuming the eylinder is 100% efficent, find a The required piston area b. The necessary pump flow rate © The hydraulie horsepower delivered to the cylinder 4. ‘The output horsepower delivered by the cylinder to the load Solution SO gp * Toor ° 8 vey = Alle) SUE) (a = » 240) =O = ME = onssonys Por Appendix E,1 f0/s = 449 gpm. Thus, Q(epm) = 449Q(H"/s) = (449) (0.0556) = 24.9 gon (1000)(24.9), 6 HHP =< = 145hp a OHP = HHP x n= 145 x 1.0 = 145 Thus, assuming a 100% efficient cylinder (losses are negligibly small), the hydraulic horsepower equals the output horsepowerEXAMpLe 3-9 Soive the problem of Example 3-8 assuming frictional force of 100 hand a leakage of 0.2 gpm Energy and Power in Hydraulic Systems 2 Sotutton i $000 16 + 1001 _ ig ge 1000 Ib/in? aces _( 5 Besser = 0568 1) = 25.2.g9m 1) aa nust ~ Oovoeics + Opin = 252 +02 = 254 gpm 1000 25.4 pr a si 1714 y FH) x at's) _ $000 1 a np = SN sp ‘Thus, a hydraulic horsepower of 14.8 must be delivered by the fluid to the cylinder (o produce an output horsepower at 14.5 for driving the load. The efficiency of the eylinder is OHP 145 FIP 7 jag ~ 0980 ~ 980%340 For the hydraulic system of Figure 3-29, he following data are given’ Examen 4. The pump is adding 5 hp to the fluid (pump hydraulic horsepower ~ 5). b. Pump flow is 39 gpm. © The pipe has a 1-in. inside di 4, The specific gravity of the oil is 0.9. Find the pressure available at the inlet to the hydraulic motor (station 2) “The pressure al station 1 in the hydraulic tank is atmospheric (0 psig). The head loss Hf due to friction between stations 1 and 2 is 30 ft of oll. ter. Solution Writing the eneray equation between stations 1 and 2, we have By Og Me Hy — Hy — Hy y 2g 7 2% ¢ there is no hydraulic motor between stations 1 and 2, H, = 0. Also, 44, = 0 because the cross section of an oll rank is large. Thus the velocity of theFor the system of Figure 3-30, h = 36 ft and the diameter of the opening is 2 in. Assuming an ideal fluid, find a. The jet velocity in units of fis ‘The flow rate in units of gpm ¢. The answers to parts a and b if H;, = 10 ft Solution a, Substituting into Eq. 30) yields VQ G22 i/s") X GOR) = 48:3 fs b. Solving for Q we have 22 fi) X 48.3 ft/s = 1.05 ft/s (gpm) = 449Q("/s) = 449 1.05 = 471 gpm © Use Eq. (3-31): Q({t'/s) = A(t) x v(fr/s) uy = V (644) (36 — 10) = 40.9 fi/s Since flow rate is proportional to velocity, we have eae = O = Fey * 471 gpm = 399 gpm As expected, there is a greater flow rate for the ideal fluid as compared to a real fluid possessing viscosity.EXAMPLE 3-12 For the siphon of Figure 3-31, the following information is given: h U-tube inside diameter Find the velocity and flow rate through the siphon. Solution Substitute known values into Eq. (3-32): v = V(2)(32.2)(30 — 10) = 35.8 fi/s Solving for the flow rate we have Q(ft'/s) = A(H) x v( ft/s) = =(5n) X 35.8 fi/s = 0.195 f0/s Olgpm) = 4490( ft/s) = 449 x 0.195 = 87.6 gpmFewines 5 ‘ata poo det a5) p sk 1980 Hom ea Bower ds the pap dave? Solaion Pere (3.5) me ane Into) <2 <2 sa ry se as) =n Or pm) = oven 50 Setting vali yiks dei power (kW) = 100 onus 08 sak Exawnis 346 api lie deed by yal nitty St ‘oa ihé meshanea tpt poner 1a Slaton Slrin F437 or tee skis oven) 89% nme)Exaneux 347 Forte hyde stam of Figute 3.25, fliowing SL metric dt are ge “The pump adding 373 KW (pun hydraulic power ~ 734W) 0 the tid 1, Pump ows 0.898 me The pipe as a (0254 inside dumeter. Note tht this ie can also be represented nuts entimeters or liaeters as 24 F254 th, respecte 44. The speci sravity ofthe ois U9. fe, Ihe clevition cittrence poten ations 1 and 216 600m, Find de presute aaa the net othe bydauc motor tation 2}. "The premue a stiion |i the hyaubic anki atmospheric (DPa or O Nine ge). Te head Tos due to ftom between nations 1 and 29.4 m stoi Solution Writing the enerey equation between satons Vand 2, we bane arte ten, dene zehed : Tie ‘Since there i no hyalic motor between stations I and 2, Hf, = 0 Also, ‘y= O becuse the coos section ofan cl ak sare. Als, Hy — 94 on fd p= 0 por he given put data. Subatuting knowe vals, we have A004 An, = 91un= 7, +8 + Soleng for pry we have a2) +2910 7 % Since Z.— Z, = 606m, we have Ban, Bs Trom Ba, (3-36) we sve forthe pump hea pantie powcr (4) Me) ism) x C178)= (SG) Yome = 09 % 9797 N/m! = BIT NS wy, 1M) = Se oiaa4 = 2.1m. Next we soe for ty aud Ute: xine) = SL) 0001896 rae Ala) NOUR a Mm? 2a (80 mis) ~ OF On ial stsiaton, we have = 2B ~ 9704 —1824= 2071 Solving for ps sislas (2071 mN/m) raise) Ps (207 AY(RSI7) = 1.826000 Pa = 1896 kPa gage