Higher Technological Institute

Electrical Engineering Department

Principle of Electrical Engineering

LECTURE NO. 8

By

Assoc. Prof .Dr. Mohamed A. Enany

 Chapter (3)

AC Circuit Analysis
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Techniques of AC Circuit Analysis

 There are many techniques:

1- Mesh Current technique

2- Node Voltage technique

3- Source transformations technique

4- Thevenin’s theorem

5- Norton’s theorem

6- Superposition theorem
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Mesh Current technique

 Steps to determine mesh current :
 Assign mesh currents i1,i2,…in to the n meshes

 Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s Law to

express the voltages in terms of the mesh currents.

 Solve the resulting n simultaneously equations to get

the mesh currents by using substitution or determinants.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (1) Determine Io in the circuit using mesh analysis

Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (1) Determine Io in the circuit using mesh analysis

Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (1) Determine Io in the circuit using mesh analysis

Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Node Voltage technique

 Steps to determine node voltage:
 Select reference node.

 Assign voltage v1,v2, ......vn1, to the remaining n-1 nodes (with

respect to reference node).

 Apply KCL to each non-reference nodes. Use Ohm’s Law to

express the branch currents.

 Solve the resulting simultaneously equations to solve for

node voltage.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (2) Use the node voltage method to obtain the

current I in the network
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (2) Use the node voltage method to obtain the

current I in the network
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

 Example (2) Use the node voltage method to obtain the

current I in the network
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Source transformations technique

Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Source transformations technique

Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuit

• Thevenin and Norton theorem applied to ac circuit in the same
way as they are to dc circuit

VTH  Z N I N Z TH  Z N
Thevenin’s theorem states that a linear two – terminal circuit can be
replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a voltage source VTH in series
with an impedance ZTH, where VTH is the open circuit voltage at the terminals
and ZTH is the input or equivalent impedance at the terminals when the
independent sources are turned off.

Norton’s theorem states that a linear two-terminal circuit can be

replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a current source IN in parallel
with an impedance ZN where IN is the short circuit current between two
output terminals in the circuit and ZN is the total equivalent imedance at the
terminals when the independent sources are turned off.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (3) Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit for the

network external to resistor R
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (4) Determine the Norton equivalent circuit for the

network external to the 7 ohm capacitive reactance
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (4) Determine the Norton equivalent circuit for the

network external to the 7 ohm capacitive reactance
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (4) Determine the Norton equivalent circuit for the

network external to the 7 ohm capacitive reactance
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (5) Find the value of ZL for maximum power transfer in

the circuit shown. Find the maximum power

Z L  Z th  Rth  jX th
*

2
Vth
Pmax 
4 Rth
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Example (5) Find the value of ZL for maximum power transfer in

the circuit shown. Find the maximum power

Z L  Z th  Rth  jX th
*

2
Vth
Pmax 
4 Rth
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (6) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (6) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (6) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (6) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (7) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (7) Find the current I using superposition theorem.
Chapter (3) AC Circuit Analysis

Superposition Theorem
Example (7) Find the current I using superposition theorem.