UNIVERSITY OF SINDH JAMSHORO

BRM THESIS PROJECT

IMPACT OF VOCATIONAL TRAIN ON EMPLOYMNET

SUBMITTED BY
ISHTIAQUE ALI 2K19/BBAE/59
RAWAL 2K19/BBAE/118
HITESH KUMAR 2K19/BBAE/56
ALIAYAN 2K19/BBAE/20
ALI RAZA 2K19/BBAE/21
SAFDAR ALI 2K19/BBAE/123
SUBMITTED TO
PROF. DR SOBIA SHAFAQ SHAH

INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

 Acknowledgment

At the completion of this project we Almighty thanks to Allah by his mercy we have done
this project. And we owe this all efforts to our parents by their prayers we could be able to
complete this, their motivations made us efficient.

We also thanks to our respected teacher Professor Dr Sobia Shafaq Shah who is Assistant
professor at Institute of Business Administration (IBA), University of Sindh, without her
guidance this task was difficult to be completed. She gave us excellent of knowledge of
Business Research Method. Now are able to do any research at academic level or
professional level.

It was our first ever experience of thesis now it will help us to complete final BBA thesis
project.

2
 ABSTRACT
This study is mainly focusing on the impact of vocational training on employment. So it is
thoroughly background of our study.
Vocational training is a method of providing education to the students, which increases the
skills of learners. Vocational training can be given about different skills which are technical
skills, Computer skills, Conceptual skills, Administrative skills, Management skills, Skills of
Medical and Health science. In these days Vocational training is becoming more important
for students as well professionals.

Purpose of this study is to understand the overall impact of vocational Training on

employment. How vocational training can a growth in employment rate of country. And
How it can boast up the skills of learner.

Our study is based on quantitative research in which we have collected data through survey
questionnaire which is very descriptive method of Data collection.

We distributed 120 questionnaire paper in vocational training institutions in few cities of

Sindh including Nawabshah, Mithi, Umerkot, Khairpur Mirs, Shahdadpur, Sanghar and
Badin. We have received 90 responses because we could only collected data from these
cities where different institutions are providing vocational training programs.

Key words
Vocational Training, Employment, and Vocational institutions

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Ch 01 Introduction ............................................................................................ 5

1.1Background of Study ……………………………………………………………………………….5

1.2Purpose of study………………………………………………………………………………………5

1.3Research Objective………………………………………………………………………………….5

1.4Research Questions ................................................................................... 5

Ch 02 Literature Review ................................................................................... 6

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 7

Ch 03 Research Methodology………………………………………………………………………….8

3.1 Qualitative research ……………………………………………………………………………….8

3.2 Research Design………………………………………………………………………………………8
3.3 Population and sampling ………………………………………………………………………..9
3.4 Sampling procedure ……………………………………………………………………………….9
3.5 Data collection………………………………………………………………………………………..9

Ch 04 Results and Findings…………………………………………….…………………………10-22

Ch 05 Conclusion……………………………..……………………………………………………………23

Reference list…………………………………………………………………..……………………….24-25

Appendix …………………………….…………………………………………………………………..26-30

4
Chapter 01

Introduction

1.1 Background

Vocational training is a method of providing education to the students, which increases the
skills of learners. Vocational training can be given about different skills which are technical
skills, Computer skills, Conceptual skills, Administrative skills, Management skills, Skills of
Medical and Health science. In these days Vocational training is becoming more important
for students as well professionals.

This study is mainly focusing on the impact of vocational training on employment. So it is

thoroughly background of our study.
1.2 Purpose of study

Purpose of this study is to understand the overall impact of vocational Training on

employment. How vocational training can a growth in employment rate of country. And
How it can boast up the skills of learner.

1.3 Research Objective

• To investigate the impact of Vocational training on employability.
1.4 Research Questions
• RQ1: What is Vocational Training?
• RQ2: How many vocational Institutions or Centers are working in Pakistan?
• RQ3: How Vocational Training can increase the knowledge of students and
professionals?

Conceptual frame work

Vocational Training Employment

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

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Ch 02

Literature Review
Human resource development improves economic growth and productivity. This leads to
economic emancipation, social mobility and political stability. Training and skills
development play a vital role in individual’s productive capacity and are integral part of
Human Resource Development (Javed and Hyder, 2009). Rapid economic growth demands a
mixture of skilled worker; technician, technologist, engineers, research professionals and
innovative scientists trained in the areas linked with national development and need of the
industries. The accelerated economic progress of the Asian Countries like China, Japan,
Malaysia and also Australia are the excellent examples in point. It is an established fact that
technical education and vocational training can help individuals to generate income and
contribute towards economic growth and social development of a country by acquiring
knowledge and skills (National Skill Strategy, 2008). Labor absorptive capacity of the
economy has declined over time (Labor Force Survey 2008-09). The most formidable
challenge confronting the policy makers is to create conditions conducive for generating
employment opportunities in the country (Arif et al. 2001).

Keeping in view the importance of technical education, the government of Punjab decided
to establish an autonomous body to take over the control of all TEVT institutions namely
Technical Education and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) in July 1999. Before the
establishment of TEVTA, the technical and vocational B a k u , A z e r b a i j a n | 981
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Of ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. 3. No. 1. January, 2011, Part III
education in Pakistan lacked the responsiveness and flexibility of the training system in
meeting the demands of the industry (Javied & Hyder, 2009). The link between industry and
training institutions was weak. There were little funds to purchase new machinery to
replace the old one. The institutions were increasingly becoming supply driven instead of
demand-driven. These institutions were headed towards obsolescence, insularity and
improper orientation. The main causes were the deficiency of physical resources and the
lack of competencies of human resources (Park, 2005). The main objective of the
establishment of TEVTA was to bring technical and vocational education and training in line

6
with labor market requirements and to improve the quality of education through innovative
reforms. TEVTA is constituted to supervise/coordinate smooth functioning of institutions,
approve development projects, procure and install equipment for institutions, update or
revise curricula and arrange on-the-job training of the trainees in the institutes (Inamullah,
2009). Punjab’s workforce is characterized as having comparatively low skills and less
prepared to compete in today’s globalized world. Rapid technological changes now require
individuals to learn and relearn skills throughout their working lives by ensuring its
relevance and effectiveness. The most important outcome of an effective human resource
development system is that it opens up decent employment opportunities by enhancing
workers’ abilities to secure and retain jobs, progress at work and cope with the change
(Kazmi, 2007). In order to survive in competitive conditions of the new global economy,
TEVTA must break out of the low level skills trap, which is the result of the very low levels of
education and skills of its work force. The real challenge is to change the mind-set and
develop institutions which recognize the value of investing in people and provide dignity,
respect, and a fair deal for working men and women besides the development of a well-
educated and skilled labor force (Amjad, 2005).

Although some researchers have concluded that training programs generally have little
impact, no impact at all (Kinnear, Oliver & Grant, 2003), or even a negative impact
(Heckman, 1993), over the past decade a number of studies have indicated that the impact
can become quite strongly positive (Card, Kluve &Weber, 2010).

Highlights

• Vocational training programmes are among the most popular labor market measures.
• Counterfactual impact evaluation is applied on recently collected survey data.
• Results suggest positive but modest net impact of vocational training on employment.
• Better targeting and profiling of the trainees is needed for improving the program.

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CH 03

Research Methodology

Research methodology is all about the way of conducting research study. Our research
study includes Quantitative Research Methodology.

Quantitative Research

Our study is based on quantitative research in which we have collected data through survey
questionnaire which is very descriptive method of Data collection.

Research Design

This research is designed to ask the impact of vocational training on employment from the
trainers of different vocational institutions through Questionnaire survey. Our questionnaire
Survey paper includes 25 questions which is to be responded by vocational trainers.

Population and sampling

We distributed 120 questionnaire paper in vocational training institutions in few cities of

Sindh including Nawabshah, Mithi, Umerkot, Khairpur Mirs, Shahdadpur, Sanghar and
Badin. We have received 90 responses because we could only collected data from these
cities where different institutions are providing vocational training programs under Prime
Minister Skill Development Program, NAVTAC, And BBSYDP (Benazir Bhutto Human
Resources Development Program and HANDS Youth Training Program.

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Sampling Procedure

The questionnaire is developed on Hard copy in printed form. Then we distributed to

respondent.

Data Collection Method

In our research data is collected through two method which are concisely discussed below

1. Primary Data
In primary data our data is collected through questionnaire survey which were
distributed among the trainers or vocational teachers.
2. Secondary Data
In our research the secondary data includes literature review which is taken from the
article of researchers through Google scholar and other webs of Google.

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CH 04

Data Analysis and Result

Questionnaire survey papers were filled by the vocational trainers their responses or survey
result is analyzed and can be seen in the form of Pie Chart graphs.

Names of respondents are kept confidential

Descriptive Analysis

Section A: Demographic or Personal information

Qno 1: Age

Age
0%
3%
10%

16-25
25-35
36-45
51%
46-55
36%
55-above

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Qno 02: Gender

Gender
0%

18%

Male
Female
Other
82%

Qno 03: Religion

Religion
0%
0%
3%

Muslim
Hindu
Cristian
Other

97%

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Qno 04: Which level of of training did you complete from Vocational
institute?

Responses of Qno 04

7%
8%
27%
Bachelor
5%
Masters/Mphil
PhD
8%
Cousre Diploma/Trainig
ABC
ALL Above

45%

Qno 5: Your Area of specialization

Your Area of specialization

23% Technical(Computer and

32% Software)
Health and Related

Business/Management

Engineering
30%
15%

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Qno 6

What is your status of emplyement

29%

43% Full time

Part time
Contractual

28%

Qno 7

Your Monthly Income

12%
25%
Less than 30,000 Rupees
30,000-50,000
26% 50,000-80,000
80,000-100,000
100,000 Plus

37%

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Qno 08

How did it take time to get job after

completing your Training?
0% 0%

24%
0-1 year
1-3 years
6-10 years
10 years plus
76%

Qno 09

How Many Employers did you contact before

your current Job?

11%

0-3
20% 42%
3-6
6_9
9+

27%

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Qno 10

Specify your current sector of workplace

3%

29% Govt
Private
Semi govt
55%
NGO

13%

Qno 11

Do you think vocational Training helps

trainees to get Job
0%
0% 0%

Stronly Agree
40% Agree
Nuetral

60% Srongly Disagree

Disagree

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Qno 12

Do you think Vocational Training can prepare

trainees to get job easily
0%
0% 0%

Stronly Agree
39% Agree
Nuetral
Srongly Disagree
61%
Disagree

Qno 13

Do you think Vocational Training can easily

increase level of Skills of trainees?
0%
0% 0%

Stronly Agree
42% Agree
Nuetral
58% Srongly Disagree
Disagree

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Qno 14

Do you think vocational training is good way

to increase employment?
0%
0% 0%

Stronly Agree
33%
Agree
Nuetral
Srongly Disagree
67% Disagree

Qno 15

Your training program graduated can make

good career regarding employability.
0% 0%

3%

Stronly Agree
38%
Agree
Nuetral
Srongly Disagree
59% Disagree

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Qno 16

How many students are graduated annually

from your institute?
0%

20%

100-300
44% 300-600
600-1000
1000-1500
36%

QNo 17

How many students are graduated annually

from your institute?
0%

20%

100-300
44% 300-600
600-1000
1000-1500
36%

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Qno 18

What are the chances of getting job after

getting training from your Institute?

9%

0-5%
19%
5-10%

54% 10-15%
15-20%
18%

Qn0 19

How long your training graduated wait for

job?

9%

31%
0-2 months
23%
2-6 months
6-12 months
12-18 months

37%

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Qno 20

Which training is provided by your

institution?

9%
Technical(Computer and
10% Software)
Health and Related

Business/Management
23% 58%
A) Engineering

Qno 21

Is Vocational training important for

employment?

16%

Yes
No
Some How

84%

20
Qno 22

Does Vocational training enhance the skills of

learners or trainees?
0%

Yes
No
Some How

100%

Qno 23

Are you satisfied with employability of your

graduates?

42% Yes
No
58% Some How

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Qno 24

Is Vocational training is waste of time.

0%

Yes
No
Some How

100%

Qno 25

Is Vocational training is waste of Money.

2%

Yes
No
Some How

98%

98% of respondents think that vocational training is not waste of money.

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CH 05

Conclusion/ Result
Conclusion
The purpose of study was to analyze the impact of vocational training on employment.
After the data collection from the trainers or teachers of different institutions, we analyzed
the data which shows that Vocational training is most important for employment it increase
the knowledge of trainees, it prepares the trainees for job. Result also shows that after
getting vocational students would not become unemployed because they are fully job
oriented by vocational institutions. Vocational training can contribute well to the economy
of state.

Suggestion
At the end of conclusion we suggest to future researcher that they must come up qualitative
research. And they should conduct the research from other provinces of Pakistan.

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References
Arulampalam, W., Booth, A. L., & Bryan, M. L. (2010). Are there asymmetries in the effects of training on the
conditional male wage distribution? Journal of Population Economics, 23(1), 251- 272.

Arulampalam, W., Booth, A. L., & Bryan, M. L. (2004). Training in Europe. Journal of the European Economic
Association, 2(2-3), 346-361

Caliendo, M., & Kopeinig, S. (2008). Some practical guidance for the implementation of propensity score
matching. Journal of Economic Surveys, 22 (1), 31-72.

Card, D., Kluve, J., & Weber, A. (2010). Active labor market policy evaluations: A meta-analysis. The Economic
Journal, 120 (November)

Dehejia, R.H., & Wahba, S. (2002). Propensity score matching methods for non-experimental causal studies.
The Review of Economics and Statistics

Harkman, A., Jansson, F., & Tamás, A. (1996). Effects, defects and prospects – an Evaluation of Labour Market
Training in Sweden. Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen (Swedish National Labour Market Board: Research Unit) Working
Paper, 96(5).

Fouarge, D., & Schils, T. (2008). Participation in training and its effect on the decision to retire early.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics of Education, Firm Behaviour and Training Policies,
University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Sandra Karka, Competency based education and training. Myths and realitie (England: Eric Publications,1998)

Biemans Harm, “Vocation and Business Education and Training in Europe: Qualification and the World of
Work.” no.7 (2004)

African Union, “The proceedings of the conference of the African Ministers of Education on TVET in Africa,”
(Meeting of the Bureau of the Conference of Ministers of Education of the African Union, add day and month,
2007): 29-31.

24
Herschbach Zidrman, VET management in the United States (Geneva: ILO, 1995), 42-45.

Tuning Africa, Tuning and harmonization of higher education: the African Experience (2014).

ILO, “Implementing Competency-Based Training (CBT) in Bangladesh,” Bangladesh, 2012.

Dyson and Jack, “Skills, Knowledge and Employability,” Geneva, 2005, 22-27.

25
APPENDIX
Section A: Personal Information

1. Age
A) 16-25
B) 26-35
C) 36-45
D) 46-55
E) 56-Above
2. Gender
A) Male
B) Female
C) Other
3. Religion
A) Muslim
B) Hindu
C) Christian
D) Other
4. Which level of training did you complete from vocational institute?
A) Bachelor
B) Master/M-Phil
C) PhD
D) Course/Diploma/Training
E) (A,B,C)
F) All of Above
5. Your Area of specialization
A) Technical(Computer and Software)
B) Health and Related
C) Business/Management
D) Engineering

26
 E) Hospitality and tourism

Section B: Employment and Employment history

6. What is your current employment status.
A) Full Time Employed
B) Part time Employed
C) Contractual Employed
7. Monthly Income
A) Less than 30,000 Rupees
B) 30,000-50,000
C) 50,000-80,000
D) 80,000-100,000
E) 100,000 Plus
8. How did it take time to get job after completing your Training?
A) 0-1 year
B) 1-3 years
C) 3-6 years
D) 6-10 years
E) 10 years plus
9. How Many Employers did you contact before your current Job?
A) 0-3
B) 3-6
C) 6-9
D) 9+
10. Specify your current sector of workplace
A) Government
B) Private
C) Semi Government
D) NGO
E) Self Employed

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Section C: Opinion Regarding Impact of Vocational Training on Employability
11. Do you think vocational Training helps trainees to get Job
A) Strongly Disagree
B) Disagree
C) Neutral
D) Strongly Agree
E) Agree
12. Do you think Vocational Training can prepare trainees to get job easily
A) Strongly Disagree
B) Disagree
C) Neutral
D) Strongly Agree
E) Agree
13. Do you think Vocational Training can easily increase level of Skills of trainees?
A) Strongly Disagree
B) Disagree
C) Neutral
D) Strongly Agree
E) Agree
14. Do you think vocational training is good way to increase employment?
A) Strongly Disagree
B) Disagree
C) Neutral
D) Strongly Agree
E) Agree
15. Your training program graduated can make good career regarding employability.
A) Strongly Disagree
B) Disagree
C) Neutral
D) Strongly Agree

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 E) Agree
Section D: Tick appropriate answer
16. How many students are graduated annually from your institute?
A) 100-300
B) 300-600
C) 600-1000
D) 1000-1500
E) 1500+
17. Approximately What number of your training graduated are working on job?
A) 100-300
B) 300-600
C) 600-1000
D) 1000-2000
E) 2000+
18. What are the chances of getting job after getting training from your Institute?
A) 0-5%
B) 5-10%
C) 10-15%
D) 15-20%
E) 20% +
19. How long your training graduated wait for job?
A) 0-2 months
B) 2-6 months
C) 6-12 months
D) 12-18 months
E) 18 months +
20. Which training is provided by your institution?
A) Technical(Computer and Software)
B) Health and Related
C) Business/Management
D) EngineeringS

29
 E) Culture/ Hospitality and tourism
F) Art&Design
G) All of above
Section E: Please tick on your preference (YES OR NO)
21. Is Vocational training important for employment?
A) Yes
B) NO
22. Does Vocational training enhance the skills of learners or trainees?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Somehow
23. Are you satisfied with employability of your graduates?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Somehow
24. Is Vocational training is waste of time.
A) Yes
B) No
C) Somehow
25. Is Vocational training is waste of Money.
A) Yes
B) No
C) Somehow
Your Name (Optional)
Name of Institute

30