HETCS- SKILL DEVELOPMENT CENTRE

TITLE: STUDY OF R-L-C SERIES CIRCUIT

OBJECTIVE:
To study the behavior of R-L-C series circuit, determination of values of resistance, inductance,
capacitance, power consumption and power factor .
THEORY:
Resistor inductor and capacitor are passive electrical elements.All of these are sink of current
and not source of current.
In an inductor coil, the copper loss takes place due to its own resistance. The core loss takes
place in the magnetic core (in case of iron core inductor). In capacitor, the loss takes place in
dielectric medium used. In this experiment these losses have been neglected since they are very
small as compared to resistive losses (I2R). Copper loss of the inductor coil is taken into account
by assuming a resistance r in series with the inductance.
Let, V volts (r.m.s) be applied to an R-L-C series circuit and current flowing through the
circuit be I ampere. The impedance of the circuit is given by Z = V /I Ohms. If the voltage
across resistor is VR, then R = VR / I Ω.
If voltage across inductor coil is VL and the reactance of the inductor coil is XL Ω, the impedance
of the inductor coil is given by VL / I =√ (r2 + XL2) Ω ……………………………………………
(1)
Again if the voltage across the resistance R and inductor coil is V R, L, then
V R, L / I = {√(R + r)2 + XL2}………………………………………(2)
From equation (1) and (2) , the value of R and XL can be found out. Inductance of the coil, L =
( XL / ω) H, Where ω = 2πf.
If the voltage across the capacitor is VC, then the reactance of the capacitor is given by XC =
( VC / I) Ω Hence the value of capacitance is C = ( I / XC) F.
The power factor, COSΦ = (R + r) / Z. If XC > XL, the power factor is leading, otherwise it is
lagging.
The power consumed, P = I2(R + r) Watts or VI COSΦ Watts, where COSΦ is power factor of
the circuit.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF R-L-C SERIES CIRCUIT:

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APPARATUS REQUIRED:

SL. NAME OF QUANTITY SPECIFICATION MAKER’S NAME

NO. EQUIPMENTS/
INSTRUMENTS

1 Rheostat

2 Rheostat

3 Inductor

4 Capacitor

5 Variac

6 Voltmeter

7 Ammeter

8 Multimeter

PROCEDURE:
1. Complete the circuit as shown above.
2. Keep the variac at zero voltage position, switch on the circuit.
3. Increase the applied voltage from 100 Volts in steps of 10 Volts up to 150 Volts.
4. Note the reading of Voltmeters and ammeter for each case. Write your observation in the
observation table.
5. Decrease the supply voltage to zero voltage position and switch off the circuit.
6. Calculate various values as per calculation table.

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OBSERVATION TABLE:

SL. SUPPLY CURRENT VOLTAGE VOLTAGE VOLTAGE VOLTAGE

NO. VOLTAGE I ACROSS ACROSS ACROSS ACROSS
VS (Amps) RESISTOR INDUCTOR CAPACITOR RESISTOR&
(Volts) VR VL VC INDUCTOR
(Volts) (Volts) (Volts) VRL
(Volts)

COMPUTATION TABLE:

As in India,supply frequency f=50Hz ,So ɷ=2∏f

=2X3.14X50
=314
SL. R=VR/I XC=VC/I C=1/(ω XC) XL r L= XL/ Z=Vs/I P=I2(R+r) COSΦ
NO. Ω Ω = Ω ω Ω W =(R+r)/Z
VL
I
Ω

Frequency of the supply, f = 50Hz

( Express ‘C’ in µF by multiplying 106 and ‘L’ in mH by multiplying 103)

REPORT:

A) Attach theoretical calculation with the report.

B) Calculate the parameter values and write in Table – 2 for each case.

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