.

PROJECT REPORT

ON
“COMPARISON OF THE BRANDS OF TWO
WHEELER SEGMENT”

Maharshi Dayanand University

(in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Business Administration
Session : 2018-21

SUBMITTED BY:- Radhika

Class BBA 6th Sem.
University Roll No. :

GOVT. PG COLLGE FOR WOMEN

ROHTAK
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 DECLARATION

I Radhika a student of 6th Sem. Bachelor of Business Administration of

Govt. College for Women, Rohtak. Under the Maharshi Dayanand
University, Rohtak declare that the Project Report entitled “Comparison of
the brands of Two wheeler segment” is an original work and the same has
not been submitted to any other Institute for award of any degree.

Signature of the Candidates

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“Gratitude is not a thing of expression; it is more a matter of feeling.”

There is always a sense of gratitude which one express for others for their help and
supervision in achieving the goals. We too express my deep gratitude to each and
everyone who has been helpful to us in completing the project report successfully.

We would like to thank almighty God for blessing showered on us during the completion
of Dissertation Report.

We feel self-short of words to thanks our parents and friends who had directly or
indirectly instrumental in the completion of the project. We are indebted to all
respondents for their time passion during the long conversations.

Radhika

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 CONTENT
TOPIC Page no.

 Introduction 1-31

 Objectives 32-33

 Scope 34-55

 Research Methodology 36-39

 Data Analysis & Interpretations 40-51

 Findings
 Conclusion 52-59
 Recommendation
 Limitation of the Study
 Bibliography 60-66
Annexure

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5
INTRODUCTION TO TWO-WHEELER INDUSTRY

 LML
 Bajaj Auto Ltd.
 Hero Honda.
 TVS Motors Ltd.
 Royal Enfield Motors
 Escorts (Yamaha).
 Kinetic Motors Ltd.
Hero Honda from its very beginning has been manufacturing and marketing motorcycles
only. Initially, Bajaj Auto Ltd. was mainly in to the production and marketing of scooters
only since in late 70s and 80s these scooters were selling like hot cakes and Bajaj Auto
Ltd. at that time was almost having a monopoly in scooters due to its wonderful brand
image and glossy features as compared to scooters of that era.
But as the competition grew, it entered into segments of motorbikes also, which is being
seen now as one with tremendous potential. Motor biking had its beginning only in mid
of the 1950s, but the pace at which it has grown is quite unprecedented. From a mere
34% in 1997, the motorcycle segment now dominates the Indian two-wheeler industry
with 54% market share. In 2009, when two wheeler sales shrunk 1.6%, motorcycles
registered a 26% growth. Designer shoes, leather gear and trendy mobiles are the
buzzword for the dare-bare generations of today and corporate across industries want to
target these cash heavy pockets.
Hero Honda undoubted has the strongest presence in this segment of motorbikes. Its
models like Splendor, Passion, CBZ, CD 100 and CD 100 SS are on the roads in great
volume. That speaks for the success of the group. But as the market mechanism says,
whenever there is potential, only one player can’t harvest it for long time, tough
competition had to come in from somewhere, it came in the form of other models of
motorbikes from other players in the LMV industry.
 Bajaj launched Pulsar DTSI.
 Hero Honda launched Hero Honda Plus Model.

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 TVS launched Victor.
 LML launched Freedom.
 Yamaha introduced some new models.
 Kinetic Motors launched Challenger, Velocity and many other introduced by
various players.
 Enticer by Yamaha.
 Eliminator by Bajaj
A segment in two-wheelers for college going students saw a great growth especially
in 90s. TVS Scotty, Bajaj Sunny Zip and many others in this segment were hot
favorites of college going students for quite some time.

Bajaj Auto Ltd.––A Success Story

Bajaj Motorcycle sales in 2008

Change is the word that has set the panic button for all the players in the LMV industry.
But, to deal with change effectively, one needs strength of character and Bajaj Auto Ltd.
shows that strength to a great extent.
Change is rarely painless. It is not just a matter of new products and offerings. It is about
fundamentally re-orienting the mindset of a large company. What makes corporate
change even more difficult is that it has to be brought about without disrupting the
business. It is something like re-engineering a huge super-tanker on high seas. Nobody
really knows at what point of the change process the super tanker will hit a serious
tropical storm, when everyone has to concentrate on navigating the ship to safe waters.
And once, the storm passes, will it shake one’s resolve in continuing with of change?

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Bajaj Auto’s tropical storm occurred in 2008-09. Right in the middle of a transformation
process that was initiated in the late 1990s; an unprecedented fall in profits hit the
company. Sales dipped by 3.2%. Worse still, the company’s operating margin fell from
18.2% of net sales in 2006-2007 to 9.8% in 2007-08.]
Although, key persons at Bajaj Auto were sure that 2007-08 was an aberration, many
shareholders and analysts began to discount the company and some wondered whether
this was the beginning of the end.
The facts of 2008-09 prove that Bajaj Auto’s performance in the previous was indeed an
aberration. There was a substantial improvement in the sale of motorcycles during the
year under review to 6, 56, 018, a 55% growth over the previous year. In comparison the
total market for motorcycles grew by 41% while the sale of geared and ungeared scooters
fell.
Margins improved during the year under review as compared to the previous year mainly
on account of higher volumes and series of initiatives taken to reduce costs and raise
productivity through fixed cost reduction, vendor rationalization, value engineering and
other means. During the year under review, the Bajaj Auto Ltd. launched Bajaj Auto
Pulsar 180 CC motorcycle models, which have received a good response in the market.
The company upgraded the boxer and developed a variant of its popular Caliber
motorcycle called Caliber Croma. The company has designed a 125 CC motorcycle with
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., which is in the final stage of development called Wind
Bike.
The company has developed a 112 CC four stroke scooter engine and this has been
adopted on Chetek four stroke scooters. The Legend NXT-2 scooter, using this engine
was launched during the year under review.
Sales have increased by 15%, from Rs. 35.88 billion in 2001-02. Operating profit has
risen by 103% from Rs. 3.05 million in 2000-01 to Rs. 6.2 billion in 2008-09 the second
highest ever.
Consequently, the company’s operating profit margin has increased from 9.8% in 2007-
2008 to 16.8% in 2008-09. Profit after tax has almost doubled from Rs. 2.63 billion to Rs.
5.21 billion in 2008-09. After having a look at all these figures, it would be apt to say that

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Bajaj Auto weathered the storm without diluting the process of change and this
transformation has definitely started yielding results.

Ungeared Scooters
Urban women and college students who prefer an automatic transmission primarily use
the ungeared scooters. These scooters are self-start, of less body weight and size that
allows for easy maneuverability. With a total industry sale of 0.41% million units, the
segment accounts for around 10% of the two-wheeler market. After a sharp 34% growth
in 2007-2008 and a further 8% increase in 2000-2001, the market increased a mere 0.9%
in 2008-2009.
Bajaj Auto has 3 models in this segment––the 60 CC Spice, the 60 CC Spirit, and the 92
CC Safari––and has a market share of 16%. During the year, the upgrades of Spirit and
Saffire were launched. The company’s performance in this segment has not been up to
expectations and sales have dropped by 12% to a little over 65,000 units.

Motorcycles
Traditionally, Bajaj Auto was seen as a scooter manufacturer that also produced some
models of motorcycles. To survive and grow in a market, which was rapidly switching to
motorcycles, the company had to change its strategy. It had to show that it could
consistently introduce motorcycles that combined the traditional Bajaj Auto qualities of
ruggedness, fuel economy and price competitiveness with style, high-end features and
riding comfort. The transition began in mid 90s and it was not easy. Early models didn’t
make the grade, especially compared to the competition.
But like a true champion, they learned from their initial failures and came out flying. The
company sold over 6,56,000 motorcycles in 2008-09 as compared to 4,22,000 in 2008-
09, an increase of 55% versus the overall market growth rate of 41%.
During 2008-09 Bajaj Boxer sold at a growth rate of 93% over the sales of 2001-01. In
the process Bajaj Boxer brand becomes the largest selling brand in the country.
In order to establish its presence in executive and premium segments, the company
introduced its Pulsar in two variants––150 CC and 180 CC. With its masculine looks and
high performance, the Pulsar has received excellent reviews and has been selected as the
best new motorbikes of the year by a number of magazines and newspapers. At this

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moment, Bajaj Auto is having models in motorcycle segment spanning the entire price
spectrum of the market––from the entry-level Bajaj Boxer at Rs. 29,990 ex-showroom to
the Eliminator priced at Rs. 85,000.

Geared Scooters
The decline in geared scooter market continued in 2008-09. Overall industry sales fell
from 0.60 million in 2000-01 to 0.53 million in 2008-09, a reduction of almost 12
percent. The faint silver lining was the Bajaj Auto’s sales fell by a smaller percentage––
6.4%, from 0.44 million in 2000-01 to 0.41 million in units in 2008-09.

Hero Honda Motors

Hero Honda Motorcycle sales in 2008

An Indo-Japanese venture promoted by Hero Cycles and its associates in technical and
financial collaboration with Hero Motor Company (26% stake), Japan, Hero Honda
commenced operations in 2000. It is the market leader in the 100 CC motorcycle segment
with a market share of 47%, there are over 4 million Hero Honda motorcycles on the road
currently. The company is also the largest producer of motorcycles among all Honda
companies in the world. Splendor is the single largest selling two-wheeler model
worldwide. In terms of the number of motorcycles sold, the company’s sales volume
registered a 39% increase in the quarter ended December 2007. But for December 2007,
Hero Honda reported an 11.8% drop in motorcycle sales compared to the November

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2007. The board of directors of Hero Honda has approved the splitting of equity shares to
five equity shares of Rs. 2 each from the present one equity share of Rs. 10 each. It
commenced production of engine components in January 1987 to reduce manufacturing
cost. In 2006-2009, Hero Honda promoted a company––Hero Honda Fin lease––to
provide lease finance to its customers. In 1993-94, the company launched a new model
Splendor. Hero Honda’s main characteristics are its four-stroke engine technology; fuel
efficiency and low exhaust pollution levels. It exports to around 31 countries including
Sri Lanka, Africa, West Asia, Bermuda, Zaire, and Paraguay. The company also
introduced Street, 4-stroke step through motorcycle in the year 2000. During 2004-2007,
it launched its most powerful and fast bike CBZ (ee) powered by a 156 CC engine. The
company is also investing Rs. 300 crore to roll out a new motorcycle model every year
till 2006 in collaboration with Honda. The new modes are expected to be in the range of
100 CC and 156 CC engine capacity segments. It has also increased installed capacity of
motorized two wheelers by 3, 00,000 numbers during the year under review. It has also
participated in India Tech Expo in Nigeria. The response shown to the products was very
encouraging in the fair and the company expects to clock a higher export sale during the
current financial year. Hero Honda has launched a new 100 CC motorcycle named
Passion in the first month of 2008 in six colors. The company said that the new two-
wheeler would incorporate enhanced functionally combined with strengths of riding
comfort and fuel efficiency. Both the growth rate and profit margin will be under
pressure in future. With the four-stroke segment being fragmented between various
contenders, Hero Honda’s domination will get diluted over a period of time. The recent
spurt in volumes recorded by Bajaj Auto in the motorcycle market and the steady volume
growth recorded by TVS Suzuki’s
Fiero is an indication that Hero Honda may find its market share coming under pressure.
Increasing sales of TVS Victor also to pose tough challenge to biggest motorcycle
manufacturer in the country. According to TVS officials the company is trying to operate
a new production plant with increasing demand of Victor.
Whatever may be the position today at the moment, one thing is still very sure that Hero
Honda is the market leader when it comes to motorcycles segment in two-wheelers and
with the kind of models, it has already with it, it is very much sure, that it will continue to

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leas this market for a very long time. After all, it was the first company who practically
brought the motorcycle revolution in India.
Moreover, the kind of brand image that Hero Honda is enjoying today is enviable for
many other players in the market. Looking at all these factors, we can say that in spite of
challenge given by other players recently, Hero Honda is going to enjoy the tag of market
leader in motorcycle for quite some time.
According to Hero Honda motors officials, its sales during July 2008, rose by 32% to
1.36 lakh units in the same month last year. The July sales were however; lower by 2.6%
as compared to 1.39 lakh motorcycles sold in June this year.
To this end, kinetic has invested over Rs. 80 crore over the last three years to set up a
capacity of 1-lakh motorcycles. After launching Challenger with indigenous technology,
Kinetic tied up with Hyosung Motors Korea for technical collaboration and launched GF
125 in the combination segment. For both Kinetic and LML it is a case of too little too
late, says a Mumbai-based analyst. A late entry to the segment that is dominated by Hero
Honda, Bajaj Auto and TVS Suzuki with a market share of 50%, 2% and 17%
respectively leaves Kinetic with little choice but to struggle for a very thin slice of cake.
The company however, has aggressive plans to notch up a Rs. 700 crore turnover from its
motorcycles business by 2006.
Analyst shrugs it off as overly optimistic. Considering the pace at which the market
biggies Hero Honda and Bajaj are changing the rules of the market, not only in terms of
launching new products and offering unique features at incredibly competitive prices but
also by beefing up capacity from 12 lakh to 15 lakh and 6 lakh to 10 lakh by 2006
respectively, they say Kinetic will remain nothing but a marginal players in the business.
We think that with a goods range of distinctive products, we can establish our reputation
as manufacturer of top quality motorcycles. It is a large market and there is definitely
room for numerous players, says Ms. Firodia Motwani.
Kinetic plans to launch GF 150, a high-powered version of GF 125 and another economy
bike price at around Rs. 35,000 and an upgrade to Challenger in the next six months. But,
that just doesn’t seem to be enough. Hero Honda’s Passion, which was launched, is
selling around 35,000 units per month. By comparison, Challenger (which auto expert
say is merely a reverse-engineered version of Hero Honda’s CD 100) has not really set

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the charts on fire with sales of 3000-4000 units per month. Even the latest from Bajaj, the
115 CC has Hoodibaba with disc brakes are speeding out of the showrooms at a good
pace. By pricing it at Rs. 47,000, Bajaj has changed the rules of the game. A Bajaj dealer
in Mumbai says––We well sell nearly 15,000 more than our capacity of 68,000 bikes and
that 15,000 will primarily be Chromes.
Even if you discount the big two, TVS, which has effectively indigenized Suzuki’s
technology has been finding it difficult to post impressive sales figures. Since its launch,
the Fiero never really picked up, struggling to sell an average of 5,000 a month. The
recently launched Victor is posting sales of about 4,000 units. And lurking around the
corner is Yamaha in which the Japanese recently bought our Escort’s stake. Apparently
its latest product, the Crux R has been burning rubber on the sales track with almost
20,000 units per month. Yamaha is the dark horse, and one can never be sure when it will
change market forces, says an analyst.
To carve a market in India, after sales services are a key issue, and what Kinetic will also
need to do in order to make its presence felt in the market, is streamline its distribution
strategy and after sales services. The company will market and service its motorcycles
through its network of 450 dealers and 1,000 service centers.
Consumers are becoming smarter by the day and from a company like Kinetic, which
does not have a brand image, they will expect feature, which will mean value for money,
says an analyst. We see a good opportunity for us to cash-in our brand image o adding
style to a vehicle.
Kinetic is the largest player in this segment, which currently contributes about 500 crore
to its group turnover of Rs. 1,150 crore. We expect the scooters and scooter business to
fetch us around Rs. 700 crore in the next two years, says Ms. Firodia Motwani. Given
that the decline witnessed by the geared scooter market it is the non-geared scooters that
have gained ground, Ms. Firodia Motwani expects the scooter market to be evenly
distributed between geared and non-geared scooter. Here again,

Kinetic is going to face stiff competition from erstwhile partner Honda. The Japanese
giant’s 100% subsidiary in India entered the market in May this year with its 4-stroke 102
CC non-geared Activa scooter that has been fetching rave reviews. Kinetic scooter sales

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dropped to 10,527 units with this August 2005. On the other hand, Activa sales are
accelerating with the scooter notching up 5,192 units in September alone.
This is a must if they want to compete with players like Hero Honda and Bajaj, because
they have mastered the art of beating pressure on margins ever under depressed
conditions, says an analyst. Hero Honda’s margins have improved from 12.8% to 14% in
the second quarter of this year despite it being unable to hike prices. What must Laos be
taken in to account is that while the overall two-wheeler market is expected to grow at
9.5% between 2006 and 2009, the scooter segment will grow only at 6.8%. Under these
circumstances Kinetic’s entry in to the motorcycle segment seems to be a effort to hedge
itself against a decline in sales. As a strategy it is sound. What, however, remains to be
seen are whether Kinetic will be able to make a path for itself.

Yamaha Motor Bikes

Motor Biking had its beginning only in the mid of 1950s, but the progress was so fast that
in less than five years, it posed a challenge to the biking industry of the West. Motor
Biking originated in the West and even car manufacturing companies such as BMW and
Jaguar participated in the progress of this invention, and now dozens of motorbike
manufacturers making state-of-art two-wheelers are in the field.
Yamaha has been one of the pioneers in the two wheeler industry from the East and it has
interests not only in two-wheel products, but many other adventure and exciting products
such as large size outboard motors essential for mass fishing, American style luxury
cruise machines, sail boats for the wild and adventures, on and off road biking
experiences, sports and fishing boats for the exciting counter on the waters and trail bikes
to take one in to deep jungles to enjoy nature’s bounty. Yamaha is not a new name in the
India two-wheeler industry, but it has now decided to be on its own by parting ways with
Escorts (with which it has a tied up for over two decades). It comes with a wider range of
products and wishing to capture a large share of two-wheeler market. The company now
operates as a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co. of Japan. The India has become the
only country in Asia to have a 100% subsidiary of Yamaha Motor Co. Mr. Masahiko
Shibuya, director, commuter vehicle operations; Yamaha Motor Co. has taken over as the

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new Managing Director. He has been with the company since 1969, and has held various
positions with this company in Asia as well as in the US.
He has a thorough knowledge of the global trends in motorcycle industry, as well as a
substantial understanding.

TVS Motor Company

TVS Motorcycle sales in 2008

TVS has been in this market of two wheelers for quite some time, but its presence was
felt to a significant degree neither by the competitors nor by the customers until recent
times. But the steady volume growth recorded by TVS Suzuki’s Fiero is an indication
that slowly but surely this company is going to be considered as competition by the
competitors.
Along with this, TVS Victor has emerged as a strong brand in the motorcycle market. Its
growth is such that company is thinking of starting a new production plant to cope up
with increasing demand for Victor. Its fuel efficiency and sleek designing has become its
USP along with the Sachin Tendulkar influence, which is someone whom every
corporate player would want to endorse its product. TVS sales shoot up by 113%.

Royal Enfield Motors

The two-wheeler industry dropped by 1.5% while the motorcycle segment grew by 20%
during the year. The motorcycle segment promises continued growth in the coming years.

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The turnover of Royal Enfield Motors for the year was Rs. 1240 million with a volume of
25,207 motorcycles in the previous year, registering a drop of 13% in volumes mainly
due to corrosion of diesel motorcycle market.
The reduction of excise duty on motorcycle announced in the recent Union Budget would
contribute to increase in demand for motorcycles in the current year.
With a view to enhance the image of your Company’s product as a Power Bike, a change
in its aesthetics have been incorporated on the Bullet including new color options for
creating excitement in the market place and is targeted at the younger age group of 18 to
25 years. It was introduced in October 2007. The response has been good and additional
volumes have been planned during the current year. Motorcycles with Electronic Start
were also introduced during the year on trial basis. Your company has also piloted.
Lightening A350 variant during the year feedback from the market has been received.
The commercial launch is planned in the current year.
The Chennai unit of Royal Enfield Motors was awarded certification in Quality System
in line with ISO 9001 requirements by DNV (DET NORSKE VERITAS) covering
manufacturing operations, design marketing and customer services. This should enable
the Company to increase its exports

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY

The two wheeler companies in India offer significant employment opportunity. The
automobile industry including component industry employs 0.45 million people directly
and around 10 million people indirectly.
The auto industry recorded a turnover of US$10 billion while the auto-component
industry recorded a turnover of US$2.7 billion in 1999-2000.

 Many international auto majors entered the country post liberalization in 1991.
 India’s largest carmaker Maruti Udyog Ltd (MUL) was recently privatized with
Suzuki Motor Corporation moving into the driving seat after acquiring a majority
stake and management control in the Maruti Suzuki joint venture in early 2002.

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Policy initiates
Auto policy announced by the govt.in 2002 has opened the automobile sector to 100
percent foreign direct investment norm for fresh entrants. This will benefit manufacturer
who are planning to enter the Indian market, particularly in the burgeoning motorcycle
market.

 The new policy has taken into account the need to addressemerging problem and
makes the auto sector WTO compatible.

 The policy is also in favour of providing excise duty concession to small cars,
multi-utility vehicles and low emission vehicles. It envisages India becoming a
major hub for the manufacture of a small cars and a global supplier of
components. The policy also includes incentives to facilitate R&D.

 Import tariffs are to be fixed in a manner so as to promote manufacturing in India,

as opposed to mere assembly, without giving undue protection to domestic
industry. While ensuring a balanced transition towards open trade, the automotive
tariff structure will be reviewed periodically to prevent India from becoming a
‘dumping ground’ for international rejects.

Opportunity
 India enjoys a distinct cost advantage with respect to auto ancillary manufacturing
capabilities. While developed nations labour cost is only around 8-9percent of
sales.

 The number of vehicles manufactured in India has raised from 3 million units
annually in 1999 to 5 million units in 2002. This has also led to an increase in
domestic demand for automotive components.
The following four companies have been the target company for the research project:

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 YAMAHA MOTAR INDIA PRIVATE LTD.
Holding aloft the spirit of commitment to customer Yamaha Motor India is enriching
lives of people with the same ingenuity and enthusiasm as its parent company-
Yamaha Motor Corporation, Japan. Having operated in India as technology provider
for almost two decades, YMI was incorporated in August 2001 as 100% subsidiary of
YMC, Japan. Since then have been in the process of redefining our business
processes and extended the awe and power associated with the legacy of the Yamaha
Group. Adhering to our Corporate Mission – “Created Kando – touching your heart.”
They are striving to touch every Heart across the length and breathe of India.

Manufacturing Plant in India

 Faridabad plant
19/6Mathura roads
Faridabad

 Surajpur plant
A-3
Surajpur Industrial area
Noida-Dadri road
Surajpur (UP)

Registered Office: -
 103,Ashoka Estate
Barakhamba road
New Delhi

Fulfilling social responsibilities

As a good corporate citizen, they continually strive towards creating a better social as
natural environment.
They toured to German factories before setting out to build our first 125cc bike. “They
did as much research as possible to ensure that we could build a bike as good as.” They

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want to carry out trial manufacture of motorcycle engines. It was from these words
spoken by Gin chi Kawakami (Yamaha Motor’s first president) in 1953, that today’s
Yamaha Motor Company was born.

Gin chi kawakami was the first son of Kaichi Kawakami, the third generation president
of Nippon Gakki (musical instruments and electronics; presently Yamaha Corporation).
Genchi studied and graduate from Takachiho Higher Commercial School in March of
1934. In July of 1937, he was the second Kawakami to join the Nippon Gakki Company.

They quickly rose to position of manager of the company’s Tenryu Factory Company
(musical instruments) and then Senior General Manager, before assuming the position of
fourth-generation President in 1950 at the young age of 38.

In 1953, Genichi was looking for a way to make use of idle machining equipment that
had previously been used to make aircraft propellers. Looking back on founding of
Yamaha Motor Company, Genichi had this to say. “While the company was performing
well and had some financial leeway. I felt the need to look for our next area of business.
So, I did some research.” He explored producing many products, including sewing
machines, auto parts, scooters, three wheeled utility vehicles, and motorcycle. Market and
competitive factor led him to focus on the motorcycle market. Genichi actually visit the
United State many times during this period.

In august of 1954 the first model was complete. it was the Yamaha YA-1. an air-coded,
2-stroke, single cylinder 125cc engine powered the bike. Once finished, it was put
through an unprecedented 10,000 km endurance test to ensure that its quality was top-
class. This was destined to be the first crystallization of what have now become long
traditions of Yamaha creativity and inexhaustible spirit challenge.

Then, in January of 1955 the hamakita factory of Nippon Gakki was built and production
began on the YA-1. With confidence in the new direction that Genichi was taking,
Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. was founded on July 1, 1955. Staffed by 274 enthusiastic

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employees, the new motorcycle manufacture built about 200 units percent month. That
some yes Yamaha entered its new YA-1 in the biggest race events in Japan. They were
the Mt. Fuji Ascent Rage and the 1st Asama Highlights race. In these debut races Yamaha
won the 125cc class. And, the following year the YA-1 won again in both the light and
ultra-light classes of the Asama Highlights race. By 1956, a second model was ready for
production. This was the YC1, a 175cc single cylinder two-stroke. In 1957 Yamaha
began production of its first 250cc, two-stroke twin, the YD1

In years to come Yamaha continued to grow (and continues to this day). Diversity
increased with the addition of products including snowmobiles, race kart engines,
generators, scooters, ATVs, personal watercraft and more.

Gin chi Kawakamio set the stage for Yamaha Motor Company’ success with his vision
and philosophies. Total honesty towards the customer and making products that hold
their own enables the company that serve people in thirty-three countries, to provide an
improved lifestyle through exceptional quality, high performance products.

Gin chi Kawakami’s history with Yamaha was long and rich. He saw the new corporate
headquarters in Cypress, California and the 25th Anniversary of Yamaha becomes a
reality in 1980. He also watched bike 20 million roll off the assembly line in 1982. Gin
chi passed away on May 25, 2002 yet his vision lives on through the people and products
of Yamaha, throughout the world.

HONDA MOTORCYCLE & SCOOTER LTD.

 Honda is the world’s largest manufacturer of 2-wheelers.

 Its symbol, the Wings, represents the company’s unwavering dedication in

achieving goals that are unique and above international norms.

 These wings have now arrived in India. As Honda Motorcycle scooter India (pvt)
Ltd. (HMSI), a wholly owned subsidiary of Honda Motor Company Ltd., Japan.

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Location of factory:
The HMSI factory is spread over 27 acres, at Manesar, in Gurgaon district of Haryana.
The foundation stone for the factory was laid on 14th December 1999 and the factory was
completed in January 2001, in a recode time of only 13 months.
Capacity: 100,000 scooters per year.
Initial investment: Rs. 200 crores.
Facility: gravity die-casting and aluminums machining, heat treatment, press and
fabrication shop, paint shop frame and engine assembly.
.The HMSI paint is among the most advanced in the world with automated lines and a
robotized.

It’s Product:
Honda Activa is the first scooter model of HMSI for the Indian market. This scooter
employs state-of- the art Honda technology and is equipped with unique features never
seen before in India.
The Honda Activa sets a new standard for a new era of scooters in India. The Honda
Activa has been developed exclusively for the Indian market by closely examining the
way scooters are used in the country and applying the know-how accumulated through 15
years of doing business in India. With the changing lifestyle, the consumer’s needs from
a 2-wheeler are also changing.

The conventional Indian scooter is too big and difficult to handle.

The scooterette is too small and to mopeds.
The Honda Activa is especially designed to meets the needs of new Indian families.
Powered by a 4-stroke engine, it has a steel body that enables full utilization of the
existing service infrastructure. It offers user-friendly utilities like helmet box, a flat
footboard and ample growth.

21
ESCORT INDIA PRIVATE LTD

The Escorts Group, with Escorts Limited as its flagship company, is among India’s
leading corporations in the diverse fields of agri machinery, telecommunications,
healthcare, construction & material handling equipment, automotive and railway
ancillaries, information technology and financial services. The group has 15 modern
manufacturing facilities and an extensive network spread across the country.
The genesis of Escorts goes back to 1944 when two brothers, H.P.nanda and MrYudi
Nanda, launched a small agency house. Escorts Agents Ltd., in Lahore. Over the years,
Escorts has surged ahead and evolved into one of India’s largest conglomerates.
On assuming the Chairmanship of the group, in April 1994, Mr.Rajan Nanda, undertook
a major restructuring programme to give sharper focus to the businesses. This involved
building alliances with global players and improving marker capitalization, which
resulted in each business becoming an independent entity with defined partnership,
technology, customers and business economics.
The recent past also witnessed a major shift in Escorts business focus when it broke away
from its traditional identity of being a purely engineering company and made its forays
into the service sectors of cellular telephony and healthcare delivery. The Group has since
re-evaluated its focus with thrust on areas of high growth, namely, agri machinery,
telecom and healthcare as Escorts marches forward, it does so with a clear vision,
renewed commitment and the ability to perform.

PUROLATER INDIA LTD.

MNR bearing is today a reputed brand in India and enjoys a reputation for quality. And
reliability. MNR bearing is the Brand of the reputed “Anand group of Companies”
established in the year 1950 in Bombay (India).these bearings are manufactured in the
most modern plants having the best European Machinery and skilled workforce, fulfilling
the bearing Grade Steel SAE 52100 as per international standard. M/s R.R. International
ISO2000 Company is the subsidiary company of “Anand Group”, which exports bearing
worldwide. The company has the largest range of bearings like Taper Roller, Needle

22
roller, Cylindrical Roller, Ball Thrust, Deep Groove, DAC Type, Water Pump, and
Automotive Bearings for Wheels, Agricultural, Insert, and Industrial Bearings etc
checked with strength quality control. MNR also develops and manufactures any new
sample bearing received from overseas customers in 45-60 days and offers new sizes as
per sample / drawings for customer specification & requirements. The company offers
ready stock for various vehicles and trailers-axle manufactures and assemblers. The
prime concern of the company is total customer satisfaction along with prompt and
efficient after sales service by its authorized distributors MAHLE Filter System India. It
is a joint venture between Anand Automotive System – a leading manufacturer of
automotive components and system in India, supplying to virtually every vehicle and
engine manufacturer in the country-and MAHLE Group, Germany-a leader in Engine
components worldwide.

Owing to its product range and quality, MAHLE Filter System India is the principal
supplier to all segments of the market- OE and aftermarket with a sizeable presence in the
overseas markets. MHALE also participates in the industrial range of filters. In the
aftermarket, its products are marketed under the brands- MAHLE and Purolator. MAHLE
Filter System has been consistently investing in R&D activities to develop media, new
filter geometries, construction and systems. It also markers STP, the world’s largest
brand for automotive care products.
MAHLE Filter System India has three-filter plant, one at Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh),
Pune (Maharashtra) and the other at Khandsa (Haryana). All plants are TS certified and
have significant export.

Manufacturing facilities
With three manufacturing facilities in India which are TS certified, MAHLE Filter
System also has an ultramodern Filter Paper Plant, in khandsa, the largest of its kind in
India.
Filter Plant, khandsa
The most modern facility of MAHLE Filter System, the Khandsa plant was set up in
1998 at Gurgaon in Haryana. This plant focuses on the manufacture and assembly of air

23
filters and spin – on oil and fuel filters for supply to manufacture engineers who, after
completing a three-year engineering diploma course, undergo specific training under the
‘Excellence in Manufacturing’ Programme before being assigned to work on the shop
floor. Comprising of nearly 60% women, these Operating Engineering have been
instrumental in building a culture of an informed and intelligent workforce.

Filter Paper Impregnation Plant, Khandsa

The filter paper impregnation facility, located close to the filter manufacturing plant at
Khandsa, is the largest of its kind in India. Set up primarily to replace imports and
promote the indigenous manufacture of filter paper, the plant manufactures extra- refined,
durable filter paper for captive consumption.
This state-of-the-art facility with a capacity of 3600 metric tones per annum uses a
computer – controlled process of impregnation to ensure accuracy in manufacturing and
consistency in the quality of paper. To keep pollution at bay and to prevent emission of
harmful gases into the atmosphere, this plant has been equipped with an incinerator.
Filter plant, plant
The Pune plant focuses on air filter manufacturing. The facility has a fully automated,
word class PU air filter manufacturing. This line has capability to manufacture several
different parts simultaneously with minimum rejections and set up times. In addition the
Pune Plant assembles several air filter system and oil filter modules for various OE
customers.

Products

 Oil filters:
Cartridges (metal)
Cartridges (metal-free)
Spin-ons
Housing/adaptors

 Air filter:

24
 Metal (Round)
Panel (PU)
Round (PU)
Panel (Plastic Injection Molded)
Round (Plastic Injection Molded)
Housing (Plastic/Welded)

 Fuel filters:
Cartridges (Metal)
Cartridges (Metal –free)
Spin-ons
Plastic Injection Molded
Plastic – Welded

As a part of the economic reforms initiated by the government in the last decade,
liberalization –privatization- globalization has their feet firmly on the Indian society.
Many companies entered in India causing widespread changes in the market during the
last decade. The increase in population spread of education, higher urbanization, rising
income. Increasing media penetration and move, women joining the workforce are the
conspicuous change that has taken place during the last decade. As a result of which the
traditionally ignorant buyers of yesterday has changed into a well informed and educated
buyer of today. Today’s consumer is educated, well informed and plays an important role
in buying various products for himself and his family.

In this concert a research study is undertaken to study customer preference with respect to
various motorcycle brands. A case study of Rohtak.
1. Hero Honda
2. Honda
3. Bajaj

25
There are various brands in the market which are selling motorcycles as mentioned
above. Each company has its own features which are leading to a cut throat competition
in the market and also this will increase the no. of options available for a consumer in the
market.

A motorcycle, often called a motorbike, bike, or cycle, is a two- or three-wheeled motor

vehicle.[1][2][3] Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long-
distance travel, commuting, cruising, sport (including racing), and off-road riding.
Motorcycling is riding a motorcycle and being involved in other related social activity
such as joining a motorcycle club and attending motorcycle rallies.

The 1885 Daimler Reitwagen made by Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in
Germany was the first internal combustion, petroleum-fueled motorcycle. In 1894,
Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle.[4][5]

In 2014, the three top motorcycle producers globally by volume were Honda (28%),
Yamaha (17%) (both from Japan), and Hero MotoCorp (India).[6] In developing countries,
motorcycles are considered utilitarian due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. Of
all the motorcycles in the world, 58% are in the Asia-Pacific and Southern and Eastern
Asia regions, excluding car-centric Japan.

According to the US Department of Transportation, the number of fatalities per vehicle

mile traveled was 37 times higher for motorcycles than for cars.[7]

26
Types

Main article: Types of motorcycles

The term motorcycle has different legal definitions depending on jurisdiction (see § Legal
definitions and restrictions).

There are three major types of motorcycle: street, off-road, and dual purpose. Within
these types, there are many sub-types of motorcycles for different purposes. There is
often a racing counterpart to each type, such as road racing and street bikes, or motocross
including dirt bikes.

Street bikes include cruisers, sportbikes, scooters and mopeds, and many other types. Off-
road motorcycles include many types designed for dirt-oriented racing classes such as
motocross and are not street legal in most areas. Dual purpose machines like the dual-
sport style are made to go off-road but include features to make them legal and
comfortable on the street as well.

Each configuration offers either specialised advantage or broad capability, and each
design creates a different riding posture.

In some countries the use of pillions (rear seats) is restricted.

A cruiser (front) and a sportbike (background)

A Ural motorcycle with a sidecar

French gendarme motorcyclist

History

Main article: History of the motorcycle

Experimentation and invention

27
Replica of the Daimler-Maybach Reitwagen

The first internal combustion, petroleum fueled motorcycle was the Daimler Reitwagen.
It was designed and built by the German inventors Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm
Maybach in Bad Cannstatt, Germany in 1885.[8] This vehicle was unlike either the safety
bicycles or the boneshaker bicycles of the era in that it had zero degrees of steering axis
angle and no fork offset, and thus did not use the principles of bicycle and motorcycle
dynamics developed nearly 70 years earlier. Instead, it relied on two outrigger wheels to
remain upright while turning.[9]

The inventors called their invention the Reitwagen ("riding car"). It was designed as an
expedient testbed for their new engine, rather than a true prototype vehicle.[10][11]

Butler's Patent Velocycle

The first commercial design for a self-propelled cycle was a three-wheel design called the
Butler Petrol Cycle, conceived of Edward Butler in England in 1884.[12] He exhibited his
plans for the vehicle at the Stanley Cycle Show in London in 1884. The vehicle was built
by the Merryweather Fire Engine company in Greenwich, in 1888.[13]

The Butler Petrol Cycle was a three-wheeled vehicle, with the rear wheel directly driven
by a 5⁄8 hp (0.47 kW), 40 cc (2.4 cu in) displacement, 2+1⁄4 in × 5 in (57 mm × 127 mm)
bore × stroke, flat twin four-stroke engine (with magneto ignition replaced by coil and
battery) equipped with rotary valves and a float-fed carburettor (five years before
Maybach) and Ackermann steering, all of which were state of the art at the time. Starting
was by compressed air. The engine was liquid-cooled, with a radiator over the rear
driving wheel. Speed was controlled by means of a throttle valve lever. No braking
system was fitted; the vehicle was stopped by raising and lowering the rear driving wheel
using a foot-operated lever; the weight of the machine was then borne by two small
castor wheels. The driver was seated between the front wheels. It wasn't, however, a
success, as Butler failed to find sufficient financial backing.[14]

28
Many authorities have excluded steam powered, electric motorcycles or diesel-powered
two-wheelers from the definition of a 'motorcycle', and credit the Daimler Reitwagen as
the world's first motorcycle.[15][16][17] Given the rapid rise in use of electric motorcycles
worldwide,[18] defining only internal-combustion powered two-wheelers as 'motorcycles'
is increasingly problematic. The first (petroleum fueled) internal-combustion
motorcycles, like the German Reitwagen, were, however, also the first practical
motorcycles.[16][19][20]

If a two-wheeled vehicle with steam propulsion is considered a motorcycle, then the first
motorcycles built seem to be the French Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede which
patent application was filled in December 1868,[10][11] constructed around the same time as
the American Roper steam velocipede, built by Sylvester H. Roper Roxbury,
Massachusetts.[10][11] who demonstrated his machine at fairs and circuses in the eastern
U.S. in 1867,[8] Roper built about 10 steam cars and cycles from the 1860s until his death
in 1896.[17]

Summary of early inventions

Number of
Year Vehicle Inventor Engine type Notes
wheels
Pierre
Michaux- Michaux
1867–  One
Perreaux steam 2 Louis- Steam
1868 made
velocipede Guillaume
Perreaux
1867– Roper steam Sylvester  One
2 Steam
1868 velocipede Roper made
1885 Daimler 2 (plus 2 Gottlieb Petroleum  One

29
 Daimler
internal-
Reitwagen outriggers) Wilhelm made
combustion
Maybach
Petroleum
Butler Petrol 3 (plus 2
1887 Edward Butler internal-
Cycle castors)
combustion
Hildebrand &
1894 2 
Wolfmüller

Diagram of 1894 Hildebrand & Wolfmüller

In 1894, Hildebrand & Wolfmüller became the first series production motorcycle, and the
first to be called a motorcycle (German: Motorrad).[10][11][17][21] Excelsior Motor Company,
originally a bicycle manufacturing company based in Coventry, England, began
production of their first motorcycle model in 1896. The first production motorcycle in the
US was the Orient-Aster, built by Charles Metz in 1898 at his factory in Waltham,
Massachusetts.

In the early period of motorcycle history, many producers of bicycles adapted their
designs to accommodate the new internal combustion engine. As the engines became
more powerful and designs outgrew the bicycle origins, the number of motorcycle
producers increased. Many of the nineteenth-century inventors who worked on early
motorcycles often moved on to other inventions. Daimler and Roper, for example, both
went on to develop automobiles.

At the end of the 19th century the first major mass-production firms were set up. In 1898,
Triumph Motorcycles in England began producing motorbikes, and by 1903 it was
producing over 500 bikes. Other British firms were Royal Enfield, Norton and
Birmingham Small Arms Company who began motorbike production in 1899, 1902 and
1910, respectively.[22] Indian began production in 1901 and Harley-Davidson was

30
established two years later. By the outbreak of World War I, the largest motorcycle
manufacturer in the world was Indian,[23][24] producing over 20,000 bikes per year.[25]

First World War

Triumph Motorcycles Model H, mass-produced for the war effort and notable for its
reliability

During the First World War, motorbike production was greatly ramped up for the war
effort to supply effective communications with front line troops. Messengers on horses
were replaced with despatch riders on motorcycles carrying messages, performing
reconnaissance and acting as a military police. American company Harley-Davidson was
devoting over 50% of its factory output toward military contract by the end of the war.
The British company Triumph Motorcycles sold more than 30,000 of its Triumph Type H
model to allied forces during the war. With the rear wheel driven by a belt, the Model H
was fitted with a 499 cc (30.5 cu in) air-cooled four-stroke single-cylinder engine. It was
also the first Triumph without pedals.[26][better source needed]

The Model H in particular, is regarded by many as having been the first "modern
motorcycle".[27] Introduced in 1915 it had a 550 cc side-valve four-stroke engine with a
three-speed gearbox and belt transmission. It was so popular with its users that it was
nicknamed the "Trusty Triumph".[28]

Postwar

By 1920, Harley-Davidson was the largest manufacturer, [29] with their motorcycles being
sold by dealers in 67 countries.[30][31]

Amongst many British motorcycle manufacturers, Chater-Lea with its twin-cylinder

models followed by its large singles in the 1920s stood out. Initially, using converted a
Woodmann-designed ohv Blackburne engine it became the first 350 cc to exceed
100 mph (160 km/h), recording 100.81 mph (162.24 km/h) over the flying kilometre
during April 1924.[7] Later, Chater-Lea set a world record for the flying kilometre for

31
350 cc and 500 cc motorcycles at 102.9 mph (165.6 km/h) for the firm. Chater-Lea
produced variants of these world-beating sports models and became popular among
racers at the Isle of Man TT. Today, the firm is probably best remembered for its long-
term contract to manufacture and supply AA Patrol motorcycles and sidecars.[citation needed]

By the late 1920s or early 1930s, DKW in Germany took over as the largest
manufacturer.[32][33][34]

NSU Sportmax streamlined motorcycle, 250 cc class winner of the 1955 Grand Prix
season

In the 1950s, streamlining began to play an increasing part in the development of racing
motorcycles and the "dustbin fairing" held out the possibility of radical changes to
motorcycle design. NSU and Moto Guzzi were in the vanguard of this development, both
producing very radical designs well ahead of their time.[35] NSU produced the most
advanced design, but after the deaths of four NSU riders in the 1954–1956 seasons, they
abandoned further development and quit Grand Prix motorcycle racing.[36]

Moto Guzzi produced competitive race machines, and until the end of 1957 had a
succession of victories.[37] The following year, 1958, full enclosure fairings were banned
from racing by the FIM in the light of the safety concerns.

From the 1960s through the 1990s, small two-stroke motorcycles were popular
worldwide, partly as a result of East German MZs Walter Kaaden's engine work in the
1950s.[38]

Today

Royal Enfield Bullet

In the 21st century, the motorcycle industry is mainly dominated by Indian and Japanese
motorcycle companies. In addition to the large capacity motorcycles, there is a large
market in smaller capacity (less than 300 cc) motorcycles, mostly concentrated in Asian

32
and African countries and produced in China and India. A Japanese example is the 1958
Honda Super Cub, which went on to become the biggest selling vehicle of all time, with
its 60 millionth unit produced in April 2008. [39] Today, this area is dominated by mostly
Indian companies with Hero MotoCorp emerging as the world's largest manufacturer of
two wheelers. Its Splendor model has sold more than 8.5 million to date.[40] Other major
producers are Bajaj and TVS Motors.[41]

Technical aspects

A Suzuki GS500 with a clearly visible frame, painted silver

Construction

See also: Motorcycle components and Motorcycle design

Motorcycle construction is the engineering, manufacturing, and assembly of components

and systems for a motorcycle which results in the performance, cost, and aesthetics
desired by the designer. With some exceptions, construction of modern mass-produced
motorcycles has standardised on a steel or aluminium frame, telescopic forks holding the
front wheel, and disc brakes. Some other body parts, designed for either aesthetic or
performance reasons may be added. A petrol-powered engine typically consisting of
between one and four cylinders (and less commonly, up to eight cylinders) coupled to a
manual five- or six-speed sequential transmission drives the swingarm-mounted rear
wheel by a chain, driveshaft, or belt. The repair can be done using a Motorcycle lift.

Fuel economy

Motorcycle fuel economy varies greatly with engine displacement and riding style.[42] A
streamlined, fully faired Matzu Matsuzawa Honda XL125 achieved 470 mpg-US
(0.50 L/100 km; 560 mpg-imp) in the Craig Vetter Fuel Economy Challenge "on real
highways – in real conditions".[43] Due to low engine displacements (100–200 cc (6.1–

33
12.2 cu in)), and high power-to-mass ratios, motorcycles offer good fuel economy. Under
conditions of fuel scarcity like 1950s Britain and modern developing nations,
motorcycles claim large shares of the vehicle market. In the United States, the average
motorcycle fuel economy is 44 miles per US gallon (19 km per liter).[44]

Electric motorcycles

Main article: Electric motorcycles and scooters

Very high fuel economy equivalents are often derived by electric motorcycles. Electric
motorcycles are nearly silent, zero-emission electric motor-driven vehicles. Operating
range and top speed are limited by battery technology.[45] Fuel cells and petroleum-
electric hybrids are also under development to extend the range and improve performance
of the electric drive system.

Reliability

A 2013 survey of 4,424 readers of the US Consumer Reports magazine collected

reliability data on 4,680 motorcycles purchased new from 2009 to 2012.[46] The most
common problem areas were accessories, brakes, electrical (including starters, charging,
ignition), and fuel systems, and the types of motorcycles with the greatest problems were
touring, off-road/dual sport, sport-touring, and cruisers.[46] There were not enough sport
bikes in the survey for a statistically significant conclusion, though the data hinted at
reliability as good as cruisers.[46] These results may be partially explained by accessories
including such equipment as fairings, luggage, and auxiliary lighting, which are
frequently added to touring, adventure touring/dual sport and sport touring bikes. [47]
Trouble with fuel systems is often the result of improper winter storage, and brake
problems may also be due to poor maintenance. [46] Of the five brands with enough data to
draw conclusions, Honda, Kawasaki and Yamaha were statistically tied, with 11 to 14%
of those bikes in the survey experiencing major repairs. [46] Harley-Davidsons had a rate of
24%, while BMWs did worse, with 30% of those needing major repairs. [46] There were
not enough Triumph and Suzuki motorcycles surveyed for a statistically sound
conclusion, though it appeared Suzukis were as reliable as the other three Japanese

34
brands while Triumphs were comparable to Harley-Davidson and BMW.[46] Three-fourths
of the repairs in the survey cost less than US$200 and two-thirds of the motorcycles were
repaired in less than two days.[46] In spite of their relatively worse reliability in this
survey, Harley-Davidson and BMW owners showed the greatest owner satisfaction, and
three-fourths of them said they would buy the same bike again, followed by 72% of
Honda owners and 60 to 63% of Kawasaki and Yamaha owners.[46]

Dynamics

Racing motorcycles leaning in a turn

Main article: Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics

Different types of motorcycles have different dynamics and these play a role in how a
motorcycle performs in given conditions. For example, one with a longer wheelbase
provides the feeling of more stability by responding less to disturbances. [48] Motorcycle
tyres have a large influence over handling.

Motorcycles must be leaned in order to make turns. This lean is induced by the method
known as countersteering, in which the rider momentarily steers the handlebars in the
direction opposite of the desired turn. This practice is counterintuitive and therefore often
confusing to novices – and even many experienced motorcyclists.[49][50][51]

With such short wheelbase, motorcycles can generate enough torque at the rear wheel,
and enough stopping force at the front wheel, to lift the opposite wheel off the road.
These actions, if performed on purpose, are known as wheelies and stoppies (or endos)
respectively.

35
36
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Each project report has some objectives on which main emphasis in given. The various

primary and secondary objectives of the study are as follows

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:-

 To represent the market positioning, segmentation, target policies and pricing

strategies of the various motor cycle brands.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:-

 To determine the role of customer regarding particular brand of motor cycle

 To understand the influence of brand preference of customers

 To find the impact of customer preference regarding motor cycle.

 To do the comparative analysis of various motor cycle brands.

37
38
SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study is confined to those company agencies or brand agencies that sell consumer

goods (particularly motor cycles) and which have permanent location in the sample of

Rohtak. The study doesn’t include shops or agencies which deal in the resale of or spare

parts of the various kinds of motor cycles hence we can say that they are out of the scope.

39
40
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem i.e. it

signifies how the research is being carried out. Here we study the various steps that are
adopted in studying the research problem. The methodology gives the researcher a
chance to put forth his views, contentions and justifications for having adopted a certain
way of doing research and ruling out other possibilities. It is with this view that this
chapter has been incorporated in the present work and has been divided into following
sections:-

1) Research Design
2) Sample Design

3) Data Collection

4) Data Analysis

1) RESEARCH DESIGN

After formulating the research objectives, the next step is to select the suitable
Research Design. A Research Design is the conceptual structure within which the
research is conducted. It constitutes the blueprint for collection, measurement and
analysis of data. The literature has been scanned primarily from the textbook,
website, company journals, publications and magazines etc. Research Design has
been classified into following three categories:-

 Exploratory
 Descriptive

 Causative

Then a working hypothesis was evolved which consisted of personal investigation of

descriptive nature involving original field interview on a limited scale with a view to
secure greater insight into the practical aspects of the present research study. The

41
 available data was then organized in such a way that leads to right path and selecting
pre-determined approach of data collection by administering questions using
convenient sampling.

In the project “ANALITICAL STUDY OF CUSTOMRERS PREFERENCE

TOWARDS VARIOUS MOTOR CYCLE BRANDS” “EXPLORATIVE RESEARCH
DESIGN” is being used.

Explorative research design is also termed as formulative research design. The main
purpose of such studies is that of formulating a problem for more precise
investigation or of developing the work hypotheses from an operational point of view.
The major emphasis in this design is on the discovery of ideas and insights. This
research design is appropriate for such studies which are flexible enough to provide
opportunity for considering different aspects of a problem which is under study.

2) SAMPLE DESIGN

Examining the entire sample accurately is rewarded, but practically it is impossible

because of time and money constraints. In such a case Sampling is the only technique.
As such a sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given
population. Sample Design needs to be determined before data are collected. Sample
Design includes the following:-

 POPULATION

The sample used in the study includes the people from the Rohtak.

 SAMPLING METHOD

Convenient Random Sampling method has been used to get the responses from
various people.

42
 SIZE OF THE SAMPLE

The size of the sample is 50. This sample population includes all types of people
within the Rohtak city

 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Questionnaire has been used as research instrument to obtain information. The

responses from the concerned respondents were collected personally.

43
44
 OCCUPATION of the Respondents.
 Student
 Private service
 Business
 Govt. Service
 Professional

STUDENT PRIVATE BUSINESS GOVT. PROFESSIONAL

SERVICE SERVICE
74% 12% 6% 4% 4%

INTERPRETATION: - Mostly respondents are the students they are 74% of the
total respondents. Private Service people are 12%. Business person are 6%. Govt. Service
person are 4%. Professionals are 4%.

45
Which company would you prefer at the time of purchasing a bike?
 Bajaj
 Hero Honda
 Honda
 Others

HONDA HEROHONDA BAJAJ OTHERS

20% 42% 30% 8%

INTERPRETATION: - Most of the persons in Rohtak city own a motorcycle.

People generally purchase the various models of motorcycle. 42% people prefer to

purchase the bikes of Hero Honda brand. 30% people prefer to purchase the bikes of

Bajaj. 20% people prefer to purchase the bikes of Honda brand and 8% people prefer to

purchase the bikes of other brand like TVS, Royal Enfield & Yamaha.

46
Which brand would you prefer in following company?

Bajaj
 Pulsar
 Platina
 Discover
 Other

OTHERS
8%
LOAN
14%

CASH
FINANCE
LOAN
CASH OTHERS
FINANCE 58%
20%

PULSAR PLATINA DISCOVER OTHERS

58% 14% 24% 4%

INTERPRETATION: - 58% people in the Rohtak city have preferred the Pulsar

brand of the Bajaj Company. Second choice is Discover it is preferred by 24%

people14% people prefer the Platina and 4% people are who prefer other brands like

CT100, XCD.

47
 Which brand would you prefer in following company?

Hero Honda
 Splendor
 Passion
 Karizma
 Other

SPLENDOR PASSION KARIZMA OTHERS

52% 13% 29% 6%

 INTERPRETATION: - 52% people in the Rohtak city have preferred the

Splendor brand of the Hero Honda Company. Second choice is Karizma it is

preferred by 29% people. 13% people prefer the Passion and 6% people are who

prefer other brands like HUNK, CBZ.

48
 Which brand would you prefer in following company?

Honda
 Shine
 Stunner
 Unicorn
 Other

SHINE STUNNER UNICORN OTHERS

22% 46% 30% 2%

INTERPRETATION: - 46% people in the Rohtak city have preferred the Stunner

brand of the Honda Company. Second choice is Unicorn it is preferred by 30% people.

22% people prefer the Shine and 4% people are who prefer other brands.

49
What factor would you see in a bike?
 Engine Power
 Looks
 Price
 Services
 Mileage

ENGINE LOOKS PRICE SERVICE MILEAGE

POWER

20% 23% 12% 18% 37%

INTERPRETATION: - 37% of the people see the mileage in the bike.23% people

see the looks of the bike. 20% people see the engine power. 18% people see services.

12% see the price of the brand.

50
Now you have the bike of which company?
 Bajaj
 Honda
 Hero Honda
 other

HONDA HERO HONDA BAJAJ OTHERS

12% 45% 36% 9%

INTERPRETATION: - 45% people have the bike of Hero Honda. 36% people have

the bike of Bajaj. 12% people have the bike of the Honda Company and 9% people have

the bike of the other companies.

51
Do you have any bike before this?

 Yes
 No?

YES NO

91% 9%

INTERPRETATION: - 91% people have the bike before purchasing the existing

bike. Only 9% people does not have the bike before the existing bike.

52
 If yes than of which company?
 Bajaj
 Honda
 Hero Honda
 other

HONDA HERO HONDA BAJAJ OTHERS

12% 45% 36% 9%

INTERPRETATION: - 45% have the bike of Hero Honda company before

purchasing the existing bike. 36% people have the bike of Bajaj. 12% people have the

bike of Honda. 9% people have the bike of the other companies.

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 Rate the companies according to your preferences.

Excellent Good Average Poor Very Poor

Bajaj 22 9 13 5 1
Hero Honda 15 26 6 1 2
Honda 12 18 13 2 5

INTERPRETATION: - Most of the people are giving high rating to Bajaj Company

but they are giving a good rating to Hero Honda & Honda also.

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 What are the sources of information?
 Print Media
 Television
 Internet
 Banners & Hoardings

PRINT MEDIA TELEVISION INTERNET BANNERS & HORDINGS

10% 72% 12% 6%

INTERPRETATION: - Most of the persons got aware from television

advertisement they are 72% of the total respondents. Internet awareness is 12%. Print

media give awareness to 10% people. Banners & Hoardings influences the 6% people.

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 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

Each project study has some findings. The various findings of the study are as follows:-

 Most of the persons now preferring the motorcycles rather than scooter, moped or

other two wheelers.

 Most of the persons prefer the various models of motorcycles of the company

HERO HONDA and BAJAJ Almost all the companies are providing the spare parts of

their motorcycles at their service stations.

 HERO HONDA is considered to be the best company with respect to the fuel

efficiency of the motorcycle.

 TELEVISION is the best source of advertisements of the various motorcycles.

 Most of young generation people prefer the sports bikes rather than the general

bikes which are available in the market.

 HERO HONDA and BAJAJ have a lot of competition in the Indian motorcycle

industry.

 HERO HONDA is considered as best in all respects in the Indian motorcycle

industry but BAJAJ and Honda are not far behind.

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CONCLUSION

Indian two-wheeler market is facing a tremendous growth as well as competition. The

market has had a perceptible shift from a buyers’ market to a sellers market with a variety
of choices. Players will have to compete on various fronts viz pricing, technology,
product design, productivity, after sale service, marketing and distribution. In the short
term, market shares of individual manufacturers are going to be sensitive to capacity,
product acceptance, pricing and competitive pressures from other manufacturers.

As incomes grow and people feel the need to own a private means of transport, sales of
two-wheelers will rise. Penetration is expected to increase to approximately to more than
28% by 2006.

The motorcycle segment will continue to lead the demand for two-wheelers in the
coming years. Motorcycle sales are expected to increase by 25%.

Bajaj Auto will continue to dominate the segment. In this segment, we would see players
shifting from diesel to cleaner fuels like CNG in line with norms set out by various state
governments.

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 SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

To increase the sales figures of motorcycles, it is necessary to understand the consumer’s

attitude and perception and therefore some suggestion and recommendation are given
below:

 First of all the company should understand the consumer’s attitude and market
demand through surveys and questionnaire before launching new models or updating old
models.
 The company should determine the factors influencing the buying behavior of the
customer.
 Every company should launch at least a new model every year so in the
competition, one must to be spontaneous.
 The mileage of the bike should be increased as rate of patrol is increasing day by
day.
 People want to buy more powerful bikes but with their low mileage capacity they
prefer middle segment bikes, which provide both power and fuel efficiency.
 The models liked by the customers should be launched with new and attractive
features.
 Company must launch new models only after analyzing the need of the
customers.
 The price should be in the reach of the customers.
 It should have solid body and flexible solid front brakes and less maintenance
cost.

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 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Primary data has also been used in this study. There could be the margin for errors due to

the use of the data. In every research there are chances of errors and constraints. I found

following errors in my study

 Because of shortage of time and so many other constraints it is possible that some

respects might have been left untouched.

 Due to the limited time the findings of the research can’t be generalized.

 Data collected could not be appropriate, as sometimes respondents did not

respond seriously.

 Sample size is very small as I have taken only 50 respondents.

 Respondents may give biased responses.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:-
 Kotler Philip, Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1987.

 Kothari C.R., Research Methodology, Wishwa Prakashan, New Delhi, 2000.

WEBSITES:-
 www.google.co.in

 www.herohonda.com

 www.herogroups.com

 www.bajajauto.com

 www.surfindia.com

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QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name :_____________________________________________
2. Age :_____________________________________________
3. Contact No. :_____________________________________________
4. E-Mail Id :_____________________________________________
5. Occupation :_____________________________________________

1. Do you own any motor cycle?

Yes No

2. Which company’s motor cycle you are currently using?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

3. How much you are satisfied with your current motorcycle?

Very Satisfied Somewhat Satisfied

Somewhat Dissatisfied Very Dissatisfied

4. What was the mode of payment for the motorcycle?

Cash Finance Loan Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. Are you satisfied with the after sale service provided by the company whose

motorcycle you are currently using?

Yes No

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6. Do you get the spare parts of your motorcycle easily from the near by service
Station of the company?

Yes No

7. Which company’s motorcycle according to you is best with respect to the price?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

8. Which company’s motor cycle according to you is most fuel efficient?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

9. Which company’s motor cycle according to you is best with respect to the
Speed?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

10. Which company’s motor cycle according to you is best with respect to the
Looks?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

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11. Any other characteristics which you prefer while purchasing the motorcycle of a
particular company?

1. _________________________

2. _________________________

12. How did you get the information about the motorcycle you are currently using?

Through Advertisement Through Tradeshows Through Catalogs

Through Friends Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

13. Which is the best source according to you for the advertisement of the motorcycle?

Television Radio Newspaper

Hoardings Tradeshows Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

14. Which is your dream bike?

Hero Honda splendor Bajaj pulsar Honda Shine Yamaha FZ

Royal Enfield Suzuki GS150 Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________

15. Which company according to you is the best in all respects in the Indian motor cycle
industry?

Hero Honda Bajaj Honda Others

If others please specify ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

16. For your choice of Bike, please indicate how much each of the following factors are
important for you:
Most Less Likely Not Likely Desired
Likely Likely

Price of The Various Bike

Style of The Bike

Mileage of The bike

After sale service of the

Bike
Accessories services of the
Bike

Warranty period

Variety of features and

services that are offered(for
example; Cash Payment,
Installment system, Various
offers )

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