Computer Arithmetic Amity Institute of Information Technology

• Arithmetic instructions in digital computers manipulate

data to produce results necessary for the solution of
computational problems.
• Four basic operations are addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division.
• Arithmetic processor is the part of a processor that
executes arithmetic operations.

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Binary Multiplication
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Hardware Implementation for Signed Magnitude data

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Flowchart for multiply

operation
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Example 23 × 19
 Division Algorithms
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• Division of two fixed point binary numbers

in signed magnitude representation is
done with paper and pencil by a process
of successive compare, shift and subtract
operation.

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Example of a Binary Division
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Flowchart for Division operation
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Binary Division with Digital
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Hardware

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 Example Question –Binary
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Division
• Divisor = 10100011
• Divisor = 1011
• Quotient = 01110
• Remainder = 01001

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• Dividend – 10100011
• Divisor - 1011
1010
+0101
1111 (Ans)
E=0 , A=1111
1111+1011 = 11010

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Dividend in AQ A 1010 Q 0011 B 1011 B’+1 = 0101

E A Q
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of Information
1 1010 0011 4

Shl EAQ 1 0100 0110

Add B’+1 0101

Qn =1 1 1001 0111 3

Shl EAQ 1 0010 1110

Add B’+1 0101

Qn =1 1 0111 1111 2

Shl EAQ 0 1111 1110

E=0 Add B’+1 0101

Qn =1 1 0100 1111 1

Shl EAQ 0 1001 1110

E=0 Add B’+1 0101

Solution after addition 0 1110

E=0 Add A+B 1011

1 1001(A) -rem 1110(Q)-quotient 0
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 Floating Point arithmetic
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operations
• Floating point representation –
Floating point representation of a number has two parts.

A signed fixed
point number
called mantissa
Floating point
representation
Designation of the
position of the
decimal point
called exponent

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Registers for Floating point
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arithmetic operations

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Floating Point multiplication
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 Floating point multiplication
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Multiplicand (BR) Multiplier(QR)

1101.0 11.0
Fractional (8 bits) - 11010000 - B Fractional (8 bits) - 11000000 - Q
Exponent (6 bits) - 000100 - b Exponent (6 bits) 000010 - q
a = 000010+000100 =0000110
Multiplicand
11010000 =B
E A Q SC
Multiplier in Q 0 00000000 11000000 1000
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 01100000 0111
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00110000 0110
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00011000 0101
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00001100 0100
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00000110 0011
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00000011 0010
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Multiplicand Amity Institute of Information Technology
11010000 =B
E A Q SC
Multiplier in Q 0 00000000 11000000 1000
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 01100000 0111
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00110000 0110
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00011000 0101
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00001100 0100
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00000110 0011
Shr EAQ 0 00000000 00000011 0010
Qn =1 ,Add A+B 11010000
Add A+B 0 11010000 00000011 0010
Shr EAQ 0 01101000 00000001 0001
Qn =1 ,Add A+B 11010000
Add A+B 1 00111000 00000001 0001
Shr EAQ 0 10011100 00000000 0000 17
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• AQ 100111.0000000000

• 1101 * 11 = 100111

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