Case Study Questions (Work & Energy)

Work and Energy - 01

Read the passage and answer any four question

A more powerful vehicle would complete a journey in a shorter time than a less powerful
one. The speed with which these vehicles change the energy or do work is a basis for their
time to complete the journey. Power measures the speed of work done, that is, how fast or
slow work is done. The power of an agent may vary with time. This means that the agent
may be doing work at different rates at different intervals of time. If this machine is used
continuously for one hour, it will consume 1 kW h of energy. Thus, 1 kW h is the energy used
in one hour at the rate of 1000 J s-1s-1. The energy used in households, industries, and
commercial establishments are usually expressed in kilowatt-hour.

i. SI unit of power is
a. watt
b. joule
c. newton
d. meter
ii. Power is defined as

a. the rate of doing work

b. the rate of transfer of energy
c. both (a) and (b)
d. neither (a) nor (b)
iii. 1 watt is equal to work at the rate of
(I) 1 joule per second
(II) 1 joule per hour
(III) 1 joule per minute
(IV) 4 joule per hour
Choose the correct option among the following

a. Only (I)
b. (I) and (IV)
c. (II) and (III)
d. (II) and (IV)
iv. An electric bulb of 60 W is used for 6 h per day. Calculate the ‘units’ of energy
consumed in one day by the bulb.

a. 0.76 unit
b. 0.36 unit
c. 0.98 unit
d. 0.76 unit
v. Which of the following statement are incorrect
(I) A bird sitting on tree possess potential energy only
(II) A stationary object may have energy
(III) A flying bird has kinetic energy only
(IV) An aero plane running on the run- way possess kinetic & potential energy both
 a. III and IV
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. II and IV

Answer Key:

i. (a) watt
ii. (c) both (a) and (b)
iii. (a) Only (I)
iv. (b) 0.36 unit
v. (a) III and IV

Work and Energy - 02

Read the passage and answer any four question

Life is impossible without energy. The Sun is the biggest natural source of energy for us. An
object that possesses energy can exert a force on another object. When this happens,
energy is transferred from the former to the latter. The second object may move as it
receives energy and therefore does some work. Thus, the first object had the capacity to do
work. This implies that any object that possesses energy can do work. The energy
possessed by an object is thus measured in terms of its capacity of doing work. According to
the law of conservation of energy, the total energy before and after the transformation
remains the same.

i. One joule work is said to be done when

(I) a force of 1 N displaces a body by 1 cm
(II) a force of 1 N displaces a body by 1 m
(III) a force of 1 dyne displaces a body by 1 m
(IV) a force of 1 dyne displaces a body by 1 cm.
Choose the correct option among the following:
a. (I) and (III)
b. (I) and (IV)
c. (II) and (III)
d. Only (II)
ii. Energy can neither be _________ nor be ________ it can only be transformed from
one form to another.

a. created, destroyed
b. formed, reversed
c. invented, discovered
d. none of these
iii. 1KJ is equal to

a. 1000J
b. 200J
c. 3000J
d. 500J
 iv. The head of a nail hamm
T mered into the es hot. This is because
e wooden pllank become
off:

a. conveersion of K. E into heat e

energy.
b. conveersion of P. E into heat e
energy.
c. conveersion of che
emical energ gy into heat energy.
e
d. conveersion of mecchanical eneergy into heaat energy.
v. W
Whenever en
nergy gets transformed, the total ene ergy

a. becam
me zero
b. remain unchanged
c. chang
ges
d. none of these

Answer Key:

i. (d
d) Only (II)
ii. (a
a) 1000J
iii. (a
a) created, destroyed
d
iv. a) conversion of K. E into heat energ
(a gy.
v. (b
b) remain un nchanged

Work and
d Energy - 03
0

Read the e passage and

a answerr any four questions:
When an n object throwws upward the
t energy g gets stored due
d to the wo ork done on the object.
The enerrgy transferrred to an object is stored al energy if itt is not used to cause a
d as potentia
change in n the velocitty or speed of
o the objectt. when you stretch a rub bber band. The T energy
transferreed to the band is its pote
ential energyy. An object increases its energy wh hen raised
through a height. Thiis is because e work is doone on it aga
ainst gravity while
w it is be
eing raised.
The enerrgy present in i such an object
o is the gravitational
g l potential ennergy. The gravitational
g
potential energy of an object at a point above e the groundd is defined as the work done in
raising it from the groound to that point againsst gravity.

i. The potential energy of a body depen

T nds on its:
a. positio
on
b. config
guration
c. positio
on and confiiguration
d. mass and velocityy
ii. W
Which of the following en
nergy change
e involves frrictional force
e?

a. kineticc energy to heat

h energy
b. potential energy too sound eneergy
 c. chemical energy to heat energy
d. chemical energy to light energy

iii. When a coil spring is compressed, the work is done in the spring. The elastic
potential energy

a. increases
b. decreases
c. disappears
d. remains unchanged
iv. Water stored in a dam possesses

a. no energy
b. electrical energy
c. kinetic energy
d. potential energy
v. A body is falling from a height h. After it has fallen a height 1/2h, it will possess

a. only potential energy

b. only kinetic energy
c. half potential and half kinetic energy
d. more kinetic and less potential energy

Answer Key:

i. (c) position and configuration

ii. (a) kinetic energy to heat energy
iii. (a) increase
iv. (d) potential energy
v. (c) half potential and half kinetic energy

Work and Energy - 04

Read the passage and answer any four questions:

A speeding car, a rolling stone, a flying aircraft, flowing water, blowing wind, a running
athlete, etc. possess kinetic energy. In short, kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an
object due to its motion. The kinetic energy of an object increases with its speed. The kinetic
energy of a body moving with a certain velocity is equal to the work done on it to make it
acquire that velocity. Kinetic energy possessed by an object of mass, m and moving with a
uniform velocity, v is 12mv2. The work done is equal to the change in the kinetic energy of an
object.
 i. If the speed of a car becomes 2 times, its kinetic energy becomes
a. 4 times
b. 8 times
c. 16 times
d. 12 times
ii. Work is done by friction

I. increases the kinetic energy of the body

II. decreases the kinetic energy of the body
III. increases the potential energy of the body
IV. decreases the potential energy of the body.

Choose the correct option among the following

a. (I) and (III)

b. (I) and (IV)
c. Only (II)
d. (II) and (IV)

iii. If the object is starting from its stationary position, that is, u = 0, then work is equal to

a. 1/2mv
b. 2mv
c. 3mv
d. 1/4mv

iv. An object of mass 15 kg is moving with a uniform velocity of 4ms-1. What is the
kinetic energy possessed by the object?

a. 230J
b. 130J
c. 120J
d. 240J

v. A flying coconut posses:

a. kinetic energy
b. potential energy
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of these

Answer Key:

i. (a) 4 times
ii. (c) Only (II)
iii. (a) 1/2 mv
iv. (c) 120J
v. (a) kinetic energy
 Work and Energy - 05

Read the passage and answer any four questions:

All living beings need food. Living beings have to perform several basic activities to survive.
The energy for these processes comes from food. All such activities require energy. In day-
to-day life, we consider any useful physical or mental labour as work. Activities like playing in
a field, talking with friends, humming a tune, watching a movie, attending a function are
sometimes not considered to be work. Push a pebble lying on a surface. The pebble moves
through a distance. You exerted a force on the pebble and the pebble got displaced. In this
situation, work is done. Thus, work done by a force acting on an object is equal to the
magnitude of the force multiplied by the distance moved in the direction of the force.

i. A force of 5 N is acting on an object. The object is displaced through 2 m in the

direction of the force, then work done is
a. 10J
b. 29J
c. 30J
d. 40J
ii. In case of negative work, the angle between the force and displacement is

a. 0°
b. 45°
c. 90°
d. 180°
iii. The work done on an object does not depend upon the

a. displacement
b. force applied
c. angle between force and displacement
d. initial velocity of the object
iv. The condition required to work to be done

I. a force should act on object

II. object must be displaced
III. force should act perpendicular to the object
IV. the object should not move
 Choose the correct option among the following

a. (I) and (III)

b. (I) and (II)
c. (II) and (III)
d. Only (IV)
ii. Amount of Work done if force is perpendicular to the displacement is

a. 90 percent
b. 20 percent
c. zero work done
d. 100 percent

Answer Key:

i. (a) 10J
ii. (d) 180°
iii. (d) initial velocity of the object
iv. (b) (I) and (II)
v. (a) zero work done
 Case Study Questions (Structure of the Atoms)

Structure of the Atoms - 01

Read the passage and answer any four questions:

In nature, a number of atoms of some elements have been identified, which have the same
atomic number but different mass numbers. Many elements consist of a mixture of isotopes.
Each isotope of an element is a pure substance. Chlorine occurs in nature in two isotopic
forms. While hydrogen occurs in three isotopic forms. Isotopic have various applications
such as an isotope of uranium is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. The mass of an atom of
any natural element is taken as the average mass of all the naturally occurring atoms of that
element. Atoms of different elements with different atomic numbers, which have the same
mass number, are known as isobars.

i. An isotope of cobalt is used in the

a. treatment of cancer
b. treatment of goitre
c. as a fuel
d. none of these
ii. The isotope deuterium of hydrogen has

a. No neutrons and one proton

b. One neutron and two protons
c. One electron and two neutrons
d. One proton and one neutron
iii. Which of the following reason correctly justifies: The identical chemical properties of
all the isotopes of an element?

a. Isotopes have different atomic number

b. Isotopes have the identical electronic configuration
c. Isotopes have the different electronic configuration
d. Isotopes have identical proton
iv. There are two atomic species X and Y, such that (X: proton-8, neutron-8; Y: proton-8,
neutron-10) Which of the following statements is true about X and Y?

a. X and Y are isobars

b. X and Y have different chemical properties
c. X and Y have different physical properties
d. All of these
v. Hydrogen exists in three isotopic forms, 1H1, 1H2, 1H3 known as protium, deuterium
and tritium. Why are all the isotopes neutral in nature?

a. Since neutrons are neutral in nature hence isotopes are electrically neutral.
b. All the isotopes have one electron and one proton, hence they are neutral.
c. All the isotopes have one proton and one neutron, hence they are neutral.
d. Increasing the number of protons in the isotopes make them neutral.
Answer Key:

i. (a
a) treatment of cancer
ii. (d
d) one proton and one neutron
iii. (b
b) Isotopes have
h identica
al electronicc configuratio
on.
iv. (c
c) X and Y have differennt physical prroperties
v. (b
b) All the iso
otopes have one electron n and one prroton, hence
e they are ne
eutral.

Structure
S off the Atoms
s - 02

Read the e passage and

a answerr any four questions:
The electtrons presen ermost shell of an atom are known as
nt in the oute a the valence
electronss. It was obs
served that thhe atoms of elements, completely
c filled with 8 electrons in
the outerrmost shell. An
A outermosst-shell, whicch had eightt electrons w
was said to possess
p an
octet. The number off electrons gained,
g lost or
o shared so
o as to make e the octet off electrons in
n
the outerrmost shell. Protons are present in the nucleus of
o an atom. It is the num mber of
protons of
o an atom, which
w determ omic numberr. The mass of an atom is practicallyy
mines its ato
due to prrotons and neutrons
n alon
ne. The masss number iss defined as the sum of thet total
number ofo protons an nd neutrons present in tthe nucleus of
o an atom. It is denoted d by ‘A’.

i. How many electrons are present in th

H he M-shell of
o an elemen
nt with atomic number
20?
a. 5
b. 8
c. 12
d. 18
ii. W
Which of the following sta
atement is always
a correcct?

a. An atoom has an equal

e numbe er of electron
ns and protoons.
b. An atoom has an equal
e numbe er of electron
ns and neutrrons.
c. An atoom has an equal
e numbe er of protons and neutron ns.
d. An atoom has an equal
e numbe er of electron
ns, protons aand neutronss.
iii. T number of
The o electrons in an eleme ent X is 15 annd the numb ber of neutro
ons is 16.
W
Which of the following is the correct rrepresentatio
on of the ele
ement?
31
a. X15
31
b. X16
16
c. X15
15
d. X16
 iv. A atom with 3 protons and
An a 4 neutrons will have a valency of
o

a. 3
b. 7
c. 1
d. 4
v. W
Which of the following are
e true for an
n element?

I. Atomic number = number of p

protons + nu
umber of elecctrons
II. Mass number = number of protons + nummber of neutrrons
III. Atomic mass = nu
umber of pro
otons = number of neutro
ons
IV.
I Atomic number = number of p
protons = nu
umber of elecctrons

a. (I) andd (II)

b. (I) andd (III)
c. (II) an
nd (III)
d. (II) an
nd (IV)

Answer Key:

i. b) 8
(b
ii. (a
a) An atom hash equal nu
umber of ele
ectrons and protons.
p
iii. a) 31X15
(a
iv. (c
c) 1
v. (d
d) (II) and (IV
V)

Structure
S off the Atoms
s - 03

Read the e passage anda answerr any four questions:

Only certtain special orbits
o knownn as discretee orbits of electrons are allowed inside the atom m.
While revvolving in dis
screte orbitss the electronns do not raddiate energyy. Neutrons are
a present
in the nucleus of all atoms,
a except hydrogen. In general,, a neutron iss represente ed as ‘n’. The
mass of an
a atom is th herefore given by the su um of the ma asses of protons and neutrons
present in the nucleu us. The maximum number of electro ons present in a shell is given
g by
the formuula 2n2, wheere ‘n’ is the orbit numbe er or energy level index, 1, 2, 3... Ele
ectrons are
not accommmodated in a given sh he inner shells are filled.
hell unless th

i. Who discovered a subato

W e which had no charge a
omic particle and a mass nearly
n equal
too that of a prroton?
a. Ernesst Rutherford
d
b. Thomson
c. J. Cha adwick
d. Neils Bohr
ii. T maximum
The m number off electrons th
hat can be accommodat
a ted in the ou
utermost orbit
iss
 a. 8
b. 9
c. 5
d. 2
iii. Identify the element in the following figure.

a. Oxygen
b. Nitrogen
c. Hydrogen
d. Sodium
iv. Electronic configuration of phosphorus is

a. 2, 8, 1
b. 2, 8, 2
c. 2, 8, 5
d. 2, 7
v. The total number of the electron that can be accommodated in the third orbit or M-
shell is

a. 18
b. 17
c. 16
d. 15

Answer Key:

i. (c) J. Chadwick
ii. (a) 8
iii. (b) Nitrogen
iv. (c) 2, 8, 5
v. (a) 18
 Structure
S off the Atoms
s - 04

Read the e passage and

a answerr any four questions:
E. Goldsttein in 1886 discovered the presencce of new rad diations in a gas discharrge and
called theem canal rayys. Thomson n proposed the
t model off an atom be e similar to that of a
Christma as pudding. The
T electron ns, in a spheere of positivve charge, were like currrants in a
sphericall Christmas pudding. Ru utherford dessigned an exxperiment fo or knowing how electronss
are arrannged In this experiment,
e fast-moving
g alpha (α)-p particles were made to fa all on a thin
gold foil. Rutherford concluded
c frrom the α-pa
article scatteering experim ment that mo ost of the
space insside the atomm is empty because
b most of the α-p particles passed through the gold foil
without getting
g cted. A very small fractio
deflec on of α-particcles was defflected by 18 80
degrees. Very few pa articles were e deflected from their pa ath, indicating
g that the poositive chargge
of the atoom occupies s very little space. (Image: Basic the eory of an atoom)

i. Who discovered the electtron?

W
a. Rutheerford
b. Chadw wick
c. Thomson
d. Goldsstein
ii. W
Which of the
e following sttatements is incorrect ab
bout the stru
ucture of an atom?
a

a. The whole
w mass ofo an atom iss concentratted in the nu
ucleus
b. The atom
a is an ind
divisible parrticle
c. The atom
a as a whhole is neutra al
d. The negative and positive cha arges are eq
qual in magnnitude
iii. M
Mass of α-particles is

a. 4u
b. 6u
c. 7u
d. 1u
iv. W
Which of the following is an incorrectt statement in reference to observatiion in
R
Rutherford’s α-particle
α sc
cattering exp
periment?

a. Somee of the α-particles rebou und after hittting the gold foil
b. Somee of the particcles deflecte
ed from theirr path
c. Somee of the particcles do not p
pass through h the gold fooil
d. Most of
o the particles pass stra aight through h the gold fo
oil
 v. A
Arrange the following
f ato
omic models in the orderr of their chro
onological order

I. Ruthe
erford’s atom
mic model
II. Thomson’s atomicc model
III. Bohr’ss atomic model

a. (I), (II)) and (III)

b. (II), (IIII) and (I)
c. (II), (I)) and (III)
d. (III), (III) and (i)

Answer Key:

i. c) Thomson
(c
ii. (b
b) The atom is an indivissible particle
e
iii. (a
a) 4u
iv. (a
a) Some of the α-particlees rebound after
a hitting the
t gold foil
v. (c
c) (II), (I) and
d (III)

Structure
S off the Atoms
s - 05

Read the
e passage and
a answerr any four question

Protons and
a neutrons are presen nt in the nuccleus of an atom, the ele ectron is pressent in the
outer sheell. It is the number
n of prrotons of an atom, which h determiness its atomic number.
n It iss
denoted by ‘Z’. For hydrogen,
h Z = 1, because in a hydrogen atom, o only one protton is presen nt
in the nucleus. The massm of an atom
a is practtically due to
o protons and neutrons which
w are
present in the nucleu us of an atom
m. For exam mple, the ma ass of carbon
n is 12 u beccause it has 6
protons and
a 6 neutro ons, 6 u + 6 u = 12 u.

i. All atoms of an
A a element have
h _________ atomic number.
n
a. same
b. differe
ent
c. both (a)
( and (b)
d. none of these
ii. T ion of an element ha
The as 3 positive charges. Thhe mass nummber of the atom
a is 27
and the numb ber of neutro
ons is 14. What is the nu
umber of ele
ectrons in the
e ion?

a. 13
b. 10
c. 14
 d. 16
iii. The number of electrons in an element Z is 6 and the number of neutrons is 12.
Which of the following is the correct representation of the element?
18
a. 15Z
18
b. 16Z
16
c. 15Z
15
d. 16Z
iv. Who discovered a sub-atomic particle which had no charge?

a. J. Chadwick
b. E. Goldstein
c. Rutherford
d. J.J. Thomson
v. ________ has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton

a. electron
b. neutron
c. both (a) and (b)
d. none of these

Answer Key:

i. (a) same
ii. (b) 10
iii. (a) 15Z18
iv. (a) J. Chakwick
v. (b) Neutron