I. You have identified the problem of your study as mentioned below.

(3ms)
The difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-
UD
1) Write the title for the research with the topic/problem of study:
2) Write the aims and objectives of the study for this research
3) Write the research questions for this research (at least 3 questions)
Possible answer:
1) An investigation into the difficulties in making presentations encountered by
1st year student at UFLS_UD
2) – Aims: The study aims to investigate the difficulties in making presentation
encountered by 1st year stdents at UFLS-UD and provide the teacher and
learners with practical knowledge to deal with these difficulties.
- Objectives:
+ To identify the difficulties in making presentation…
+ To find out the reason for the difficulties in making presentation…
+ To suggest the solutions to overcome the difficulties…
3) Research question:
+ What are the difficulties in making presentation…?
+ What are the reasons for the difficulties in making....?
+ What are the solutions for the difficulties in making presentation…?

An investigation into/ A study of/ Research into the difficulties in making

presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-UD
2) Aims (0.5m) 
The study aims to investigate the difficulties in making presentations encountered
by 1st year students at UFLS-UD and provide teachers and learners with practical
knowledge to deal with/overcome these difficulties
3) Objectives (1m) 
a/To identify the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD
b/To find out the reasons for difficulties in making presentations encountered by
1st year students at UFLS-UD
c/To suggest/put forward the (effective) solutions to overcome the difficulties in
making presentations encountered by 1st year students at UFLS-UD
Research Questions (1m)
a/What are the difficulties in making presentations encountered by 1st year
students at UFLS-UD?
b/What are the reasons for the difficulties in making presentations encountered by
1st year students at UFLS-UD?
c/What are the solutions for the difficulties in making presentations encountered
by 1st year students at UFLS-UD?
II. Provide a brief definition for each of the following terms (only two lines in the
space provided in the boxes below. (1ms)
• Reliability.................
• Validity...................
Reliability
whether repeated measurements or assessments provide a consistent result given
the same initial circumstances. Reliability is usually concerned with stability over
time
Validity
entails the question, ―does your measurement process, assessment, or project
actually measure what you intend it to measure? Validity is concerned with
whether or not the item actually elicits the intended information
*Can also be the form:
Validity is the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific
concept that the researcher is attempting to measure.
Reliability is whether a test, or whatever your use as a measurement tool, measures
something consistently.
III. How to ensure the reliability and validity of the data collection and data
analysis? (2ms)
Reliability
Ask others (colleagues, some of the respondent groups, etc.) to tell in their own
words what specific terms mean. Through this process, one can identify items that
may not have a clear meaning to the respondent group, and can adjust them
accordingly.
Validity
Ask others (colleagues, relatives, friends, etc.) to explain what the question is
asking. Through this process one can identify questions that do not seem to elicit
the kind of information desired.
IV.Write the details of the following sources in order in a list of references.
1. A book with one author: 
Author: Barbara Oakley,
Title: A mind for numbers : how to excel at math and science (even if you
flunked algebra)
Publication info.:  New York : Penguin, [2014]
 Oakley,B.(2014). A mind for numbers: how to excel at math and science
(even if you flunked algebra). New York: Penguin.
Oakley, B. (2014). A mind for numbers : how to excel at math and science
(even if you flunked algebra). New York : Penguin.

2. A book with 3 authors 

Authors: Keith S. Folse, Elena Vestri Solomon, Barbara Smith-Palinkas
Title:Top 20 great grammar for great writing
Publication info.:Boston : Houghton Mifflin, 2004.
 Folse, K.S., Solomon, E.V., & Smith-Palinkas, B. (2004). Top 20 great
grammar for great writing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Folse, K.S., Solomon, E.V., & Smith-Palinkas, B. (2004). Top 20 great
grammar for great writing. Boston: Houghton Miflin.

3. A journal article:
Name of author: David Lee
Year of publication: 1996
Title of publication: The semantics of just
Title of journal: Jounal of Pragmatics
Volume numeber: 11
Issue number: 3
Page number: 377 – 398
Publisher: Oxford University Press
 Lee, D. (1996). The semantics of just. Journal of Pragmatics, 11(3), 377 -
398.

2.
V. Read the abstract below and answer the questions.
Abstract 1
The Use of Technology in Language Classrooms in Libya
Ibrahim Abukhattala
There is an increasing pressure exercised by the advancements of technology on
education. Recently the use of technology for teaching has become an integral part
of successful learning and teaching languages in many parts of the world. Although
education policy makers in Libya claim that computers and related internet
technologies represent important educational innovations, they are not widely used
in Libyan foreign language classrooms. As many researchers suggest, the successful
implementation of educational technologies depends mainly on the attitudes of
teachers, who eventually decide on whether to integrate them or not and on how
they are utilized in the teaching process.

This study was carried out to investigate English language teachers’ readiness and
willingness to integrate technology in some high and secondary schools in
Misurata, Libya. Twelve in-service English language teachers participated in this
study. Data were collected through structured and semi structured interviews. As
revealed in the interviews, three themes have emerged which are, (a) Understanding
of technology, (b) Types of technology and (c) Cultural and traditional styles of
learning and teaching. Participants complained about lack of funding, scarcity of
technology in schools and paucity of proper training to use technology. However,
all the participants were willing to use technology to teach English as a foreign
language. The paper concludes with implications and important suggestions and
recommendations for education policy makers and directions for further research.
Although this study was conducted in Libya, findings and recommendations can be
useful in other educational contexts.
Questions:
1) What is the research aim of this study?
This study was carried out to investigate English language teachers’ readiness and
willingness to
integrate technology in some high and secondary schools in Misurata, Libya
2) What is the sample/subjects of the study?
Twelve in-service English language teachers
3) Is the data collection method of the study qualitative or quantitative or both?
Why?
Qualitative; because data were collected by using structured and semi structured
interviews
Abstract 2
In this study, the researcher investigated the language difficulties of the English
language center students at the Arab American University of Jenin(AAUJ). A valid
questionnaire was designed and administered to a convenient sample of students,
which represented approximately 2.5% of the population of the study from The
English language center to collect data which was treated statistically using the
SPSS program. The results of the five domains of the questionnaire (academic,
instructional, personal, linguistic and socio cultural) showed that the academic and
instructional factors have the highest means (3.32, 3.32) respectively, while the
personal factors have the lowest mean (2.75). The study also showed no significant
differences for gender and type of school on the five domains. The paper
concluded with a number of suggestions to reduce the difficulties students face in
English.
1/What is the research aim of this study?
The study investigated the language difficulties of the English language center
students at the Arab American University of Jenin(AAUJ)
2/ Is the data collection of the study qualitative or quantitative? Why?
Quantitative. Questionnaires were used.
3/ What is the data collection method of the study?
Questionnaires (with five domains)

Questionnaires: quantitative
Interview: Qualitative