Montasir Alsadig Azaza

Child Development
Prepared by Dr. Montasir Alsadig Azaza

ALSADIG MONTASIR

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 ‫‪Montasir Alsadig Azaza‬‬

‫اخوتى واخواتى االعزاء‬

‫اجتهاد بسيط اسال هللا ان يجعله خالصا لوجهه وان تجدو فيه ما ينفعكم ‪ ,‬هو تجميع من مصادر متعددة‬
‫وجدت اجماع وهذا ال يعصمنى من الخطا فان رايتم فيه ما يفيد فخذوه وان كان هناك خطا او معلومة‬
‫ناقصة فال تترددو ابدا فى تصويبها لى ولمن يمر على هذه المزكرة ‪ ,‬اسال هللا لى ولكم التوفيق والسداد‬

‫منتصر الصادق‬

‫‪montasirazaza@yahoo.com‬‬

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 Montasir Alsadig Azaza

General advice for development assessment:

✓ Present yourself to examiner.

✓ Listen to task.
✓ Great parents and take permission from them and explain what you are going to do.
✓ Collect your equipment’s before going to child.
✓ Go to field, clear the field.
✓ Introduce yourself to child and make rapport (speech, hearing, mentality).

Start assessment:

Observation:

✓ Dysmorphism.
✓ Walking support.
✓ Obvious deformities.
✓ Wearing glasses.
✓ Wearing hearing aids.
✓ Abnormal behavior.
✓ Not interesting and not give attention.
✓ Not looking to you and not caring about surrounding.

Developmental team:

❖ Pediatrician team leader to determine area of concern.

❖ Community pediatrician’s key person.
❖ Speech and language therapist for speech.
❖ Physiotherapist for motor disability.
❖ Occupational therapist for fine development.
❖ Educational psychologist for intellectual ability.

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Fine motor development small baby.

2 to 4 month 6 month 9 month 1 year
Hand large open at 2 Palmar grasp. Pincer grasp. Put two object in one
month. hand.
Transfer object from hand Look to fallen object.
Putting something to hand. Nock two object
given to him at 4 together (casting).
month. Reach object
Give object upon
Play with hands request.
together at 4 month.
Feed finger feed.
Turn several pages.
Language: Language: Language: Language:
Cooning start at 2 Localize sound and turn to. Say mama. Effective pointing.
month. Understand no.
Babble at 4 month. Respond to own name (7 to Finger point to
8 month). things.

Gross motor development small baby:

4 month 6 month 9 month 1 year

Raise head with chest Role from supine to Stand holding on. Crawel on hand and
when prone. prone. knee.
Head support. Sit without support.
Role from prone to Lift head and truck on Wlak with one hand
supine 3 to 4 months. supported extended arm. Crawel on his knee. hold.
May start to sit
unsuported (mean age 7 Can walk around Can take first steps.
month). ferniture. Walk around ferniture.

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 Montasir Alsadig Azaza

Developmental stages from 1 year- 18 months

One year 15 months 18 months
Gross motor Crewel. Wide base gait. Walk well.
Walk holding one Climb upstairs. Climb on chair.
hand. Crawl on stair.
Walk around Hand preference.
furniture. Throw ball without fall.

Fine motor Put two objects in Tower of two. Tower 3 to 5.

one hand. Circular scribble.
Nock objects Turn several pages.
together (casting).
Turn several pages.
Finger feed.

Speech 2 to 3 words. Make 4 to 5 words. Use 8 to 10 words.

Ask by pointing.
Shake head for no.
Point to 3 parts of the body.

Social Watching children Not cooperate with Solitary play.

play but not able to other children play.
cooperate. Anxious about Use cup.
stranger.

FINE MOTOR ASSESSMENT (1-5 years)

❖ Introduce yourself to examiner.

❖ Perform hand washing or tell if u did already.
❖ Listen to task carefully.
❖ Take permission from mother (not from child).

Before going to the child:

❖ Collect your items, put beside you out of child vision field.
❖ Clear field.

Items:

❖ Cubes.
❖ 2 papers and 2 pencils (for you and child).
❖ Siccors.
❖ Form board.
❖ Thread bead.
❖ Book.

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Start station:

❖ Introduce to child, engage with him/her and make rapport.

❖ Observe if any obvious Dysmorphism.
❖ Don’t hesitate to tell if notice Down syndrome features.
❖ Start with first task and move to other.
❖ Do at least 3 to 4 tasks.

1 year 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

Build tower One year: Tower of 6 Tower of 9 Build tower of Build tower of
with cubes Bang two cubes cubes. 12 cubes. 15 cubes.
cupes together.

15 months: Make bridge of Build stairs of Build stair of

Tower of 2. 3 cubes. 6 bricks. 10 bricks.

18 months: Make train 4

Tower of 4 to 5 cubes.
Put cubes in
container and
get it out.
Paper and 18 months: Horizontal Copy circle. Copy squire. Copy triangle.
crayon. Vertical line. line. Copy cross.

Draw to and Circular Draw a man Draw 4 parts in Draw man with
fro scribble. scribbles (2 to without details draw man test. details (draw a
2 ½ years). (draw 3 parts man test).
in draw man
test). Diamond by 6
years.
Form board. Use simple Fits 3 to 4 Complex form Fit different
form board (2 shapes (circle, board. shapes.
shapes-circle squire and Fits 6 shapes.
and square). triangle).

Thread bead. Make small Make large

thread bead thread bead
(lace large (can lace small
threads in large threads in
beads). small beads).

Cut with Inappropriate Use scissor

scissor. cut with scissor perfect.
(just cut).

Book Turn several Turn single

pages from 1 page.
year to 18
months

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GROSS MOTOR ASSESSMENT (1-5 years)

➢ Walk, Run, Jump, Hope, Toe walking, Stand on one foot.

➢ Catch and kick a ball.
➢ Up and down stairs.
➢ Ride tricycle.

Collect items may require:

➢ Football and tricycles (make it last to avoid distraction of child).

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15 months 18 months 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

Ask Wide base Mature gait Backward Side Forward Backward tandem
child to gait walking. tandem walking.
walk. walking.
Run stiff. Running
well.

Tip toe Tip toe Tip toe

standing. walking. running.

Stand on Stand on Stand on one food for

one foot one foot 10 seconds.
for 1 for 5
second. seconds.

Jump in Jump both Hope with Forward several hopes

place. feet one foot. with one foot.
together.
Give Kick a ball Kick a ball
him a standing. running.
ball Throw a Throw ball Throw ball
ball from from from back
front above.
Catch a Catch a Catch a ball near to
ball front ball up out body (front of the
out stretched chest).
stretched arms.
arms Bounces.
Ask him Climb Climb Climb stair Climb and
to climb stairs with stairs in in adult down stair
stairs assistance. child manner in adult
manner. and down manner
in child (using
Down stair manner alternative
in child (one foot foot in up
manner 2- up and 2 and down
1/2. feet stair.
down).

Ask him Sit in Ride

to ride tricycle tricycle
tricycle but not and
pedaling pedaling.
(2.5 yrs.)

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Speech assessment (2- 5 years)

➢ Observe for child talking, phonation and articulation.
➢ Observe way of communication (verbal and non-verbal).
➢ Screening question ask name, age, sex, address and birthday.
➢ Object recognition and picture recognition.
➢ Ask to count.
➢ Ask name of color.
➢ Request do formal hearing test.

Screening question ask name, age, sex and address?

➢ If not answer, ask if they have concern about hearing and hearing test done or not.

Start station:

➢ Introduce yourself to examiner.

➢ I did hand washing.
➢ Listen to task carefully.
➢ Take permission from mother (I want play with Ali to assess his development).
➢ Before going to the child collect your items.
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➢ Introduce yourself to child, engage with child and make rapport.

Items must collect (what you need in your assessment):

➢ Dolls.
➢ Pictures with different colors or pictures and separate colors.
➢ Cubes for preposition.

2 to 4 month 6 month 9 month 1 year

Cooning at 2 month. Localize sound and turn to. Say mama. Make 2 to 3 words.
Babble at 4 month. Understand no. Effective pointing.
Respond to own name (7 to Finger point to Meaning full say
8 month). things. Mama and Dada.

15 months 18 months
Make 4 to 5 words. Use 8 to 10 words.
Ask by pointing.
Shake head for no.
Point to 3 parts of the body (nose, mouth and eyes).

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Ask question 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

What is your name? Give one name Give full name.
How old are you (tell me Give age.
your age)?
Are you boy or girl? Known sex.

Where are you living? Give address.

Tell me your birth day. Known birth

day.
Know body parts. Where is your 6 body parts.
mum?
Point to mum at
1 year.

Point to body
part by 18
months.

Name 3 body
parts (nose,
mouth and
eyes).
Object recognition (name familial object).
➢ Show horse and ask what this is? If answer this is
the horse (going with 3 years).
➢ If no answer, ask where is the horse? If answer
going with 2 years.
Picture recognition
➢ What is this picture (? duck) if answer 3 years.
➢ If not answer, ask can you show me picture of
duck? If shown (going with 2 years).
Preposition Put cube under,
over, in, out or
beside table.

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Continue speech assessment:

2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

Counting Count less than 10. Count to 10. Count to 20. Count 1-10 by
Count 1-10 by one two hands.
hand.

Respond to Understand simple Understand double Asking why and Understand

instruction instruction (take task (take cup and when. difficult
cup). give to your mum). instruction
Respond to triple (triple task)
Respond with yes task (bring cup,
or no take knife and Bring cup,
give it to your take the horse
mum) 4 to 5 and give it to
years. your mother.
Talk in sentence 2 words sentence. 4 to 6 words Talk in complete Fluent speech.
(observe talking sentence. sentence.
speech)
Nursery rhymes Enjoy rhymes and Join rhymes. Know several
try to join. nursery rhymes.

Concentration Recognize two Recognize 3

and attention colors. colors.
(assess by color).
Ask what this First 2 colors red
color? and blue
If answer going
with 3 years.

If don’t know ask

where is the
yellow color?
If answer going
with 2.5 yrs.

Assess speech for 6 years boy

Assessment of expressive speech:

Screening questions?

What is your name?

➢ No answer.

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Ask mother if had concern regarding hearing.

➢ Yes, he is not hearing ok (only 30%), that is why not talking.

Try to raise voice and assess his receptive speech (as he had expressive difficulties due to hearing
problem).

Assessment of receptive speech (cooperative child):

Pointing Point to body part by 18 months (where is your nose, ear, mouth).
Point to his mam by one year.

Respond to Respond or not.

command Single command by 2 years (take cup).
Double tasks at 3 years (take cup and give to mum).
Three tasks at 4 years (take cup, give to mum and bring back).

Object recognition Show many objects and ask where the horse (answer by 2 years).
Put many objects and ask to take a horse.

Picture recognition Give pictures and ask where duck is (if answer going with 2 years by pointing).

Preposition By 3 years.
Colors 2 by 3 and 3 by 4.

Both receptive and expressive defect with normal hearing due to:

• Mental retardation
• Mixed receptive and expressive language disorder.

Assess speech of this 5 years age boy

What is your name?

➢ No answer.

Take permission to ask mother if she had concern about hearing?

➢ Hearing ok no concern.
➢ May his age less than 2 years to tell name.

Try something low down age:

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Ask to point to body parts:

➢ 3 body parts point to 18 months (nose, mouth and eyes).

➢ If points means age between 18 months to 2 years.
➢ If can’t point to body parts (May less than 18 months).
➢ Ask following question.

Where is your Mum?

➢ Where is your mum?

➢ Point to mum give age one year (Not pointing).

Call him by his name?

➢ He is not responding to his name.

Do pretend (talk with something like telephone and ask him to talk to his baba)?

➢ He will not pretend.

Can take cube which he was holding?

➢ Show temper tantrum.

Not pointing and not talking, you may notice the following:

➢ Only concentrate with cubes holding rather than human around him.
➢ Not talking, not pointing, no response to his name.
➢ Not looking (gaze avoidance) even you are talking to him.
➢ Easy temper upon change routine.
➢ Abnormal movement (hand flapping, walking tip toe).

Offer to ask mother few questions like?

➢ Does he can speak few words? If yes, ask what words he/she can talk?
➢ Relation to other sibling or friends, does he have friend?
➢ Does he point if he wants something?
➢ Does he is play with sibling.
➢ Abnormal behavior?

Child express features of autistic spectrum disorder need more evaluation for:

❖ Hearing assessment.
❖ Developmental team assessment.
❖ Pediatricians.
❖ Psychologist.
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❖ Speech therapist.
❖ Community pediatrician.
❖ Physiotherapist to deal with motor disability.
❖ Occupational therapists for fine motor problem.
❖ Social service.

Social assessment (1 – 5 years)

❖ Eating and drinking (by examination).
❖ Playing.
❖ Dressing.
❖ Toilet training.

Collect items you may require:

➢ Cup, spoon, fork and knife.

➢ Doll, phone, cooking dish and football for play.

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1 year 1-1/2 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years

years
FEEDING Drink Use cup Use cup, spoon Use spoon,
(gives cup, from a and and fork. fork and
spoon, knife cup. spoon. knife.
and fork and
observes for
proper use.
PLAY (way Way Symbolic Pretend play Parallel Share toys. Believe play-
of playing). bye-bye play (imagination) - play rule play (you
(feed a mobile talking (interactive Cooperative are mum and
Pick doll). or cooking. sharing play (known am dad).
Apo play). to take turn).
Choose friends.
DRESSING Ask to Help in Able to Dress with Completely
remove dressing. undress supervision. dress without
shoes and (ask to take supervision
socks off shirt).
(can do Fasten button
it). fully.
TOILET Indicate Toilet Dry by day Use toilet Brush teeth. Most dry by
need need. time. alone. Wash and night.
(not by Most dry dry hands.
crying). day and
night.

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