Pravara Technical Education Campus

P.D.V.V.Patil Institute of Technology and Engineering,

Polytechnic, Loni.
Department Of Chemical Engineering

Course - Heat Transfer Operation

Course Code – 22510
Semester - Fifth

Presented By
Prof – Avinash S. Shirsath
“Heat Transfer Operation”

• Class:
• Subject Code:
• Teaching Scheme:
• Theory Marks :
• Practical Marks:
• Total:
T.Y.Chemical
22510
04 Hrs/week (TH), 04 Hrs/week (PR)
70 marks (ESE), 30 marks (PA)
50 marks (ESE), 50 marks (PA)
200 Marks.

Under the theory PA, Out of 30 marks, 10 marks are for micro-project to facilitate integration of COs and
the remaining 20 marks is the average of 2 tests to be taken during the semester.
 Introduction
1. Chemical Engineers work as Plant operator/process engineer in various process
industries.
2. The processes and operations involve the exchange of heat and need to calculate
the amount of heat transferred.
3. To operate a plant efficiently and economically, knowledge of heat transfer is
essential.
4. Moreover he handling and operation of heat transfer equipment also play an
important role in energy saving.
5. Proper selection of heat exchange equipment improves efficiency of the plant.
6. By learning this subject students will be familiar with different modes of heat
transfer and equipment used for it in Chemical industry.
 Course Outcomes:

a. Determine the rate of heat transfer by conduction.

b. Apply the concept of convection to operate heat exchangers.

c. Determine the amount of heat transfer by radiation.

d. Choose proper heat transfer equipment for various applications.

e. Calculate energy and enthalpy associated with evaporators.

 Radiation
Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form
of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes:
electromagnetic radiation, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible
light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ)

Radiation Examples
•ultraviolet light from the sun.
•heat from a stove burner.
•visible light from a candle.
•x-rays from an x-ray machine.
•sound waves from your stereo.
•microwaves from a microwave oven.
•electromagnetic radiation from your cell phone.
Absorptivity, Reflectivity and Transmissivity
 Radiation
When radiation strikes a surface, part of it is absorbed, part of it is reflected, and the
remaining part, if any, is transmitted, as illustrated above Figure.
Absorptivity The fraction of radiation absorbed by the surface is called the absorptivity
(α). It is the ratio of absorbed radiation (G abs) to incident radiation (G).
Reflectivity The fraction of radiation reflected by the surface is called the reflectivity
(ρ). It is the ratio of reflected radiation (G ref) to incident radiation (G).
Transmissivity The fraction of radiation transmitted is called the transmissivity (τ). It is
the ratio of transmitted radiation (G tr) to incident radiation (G).
α+ρ+τ=1
For opaque surfaces, τ=0, and thus
α+ρ=1
This is an important property relation since it enables us to determine both the
absorptivity and reflectivity of an opaque surface by measuring either of these
properties.
 Radiation
Black body is object that absorbs all radiation falling on it, at all wavelengths, is called
a black body. It neither reflects nor transmits but absorbs all the radiation incident on it.
When a black body is at a uniform temperature, its emission has a characteristic
frequency distribution that depends on the temperature.
Its emission is called black-body radiation. Both the absorptivity and emissivity of
perfectly black body are same.

Emissivity is defined as at thermal equilibrium the ratio of the total emissive power E of
the body to that of a black body Eb at the same temperature and wavelength.

Emissive power
The total quantity of thermal radiant energy emitted by abody per unit time per unit area
of a surface at any given temperature
 Laws of Black body radiation
Statement of Kirchhoff's law
It states that at thermal equilibrium the ratio of the total emissive power to its absorptivity
is the same for all bodies.
Emissivity e = E/ Eb
Since E/a is constant for all bodies
E/a =Eb/ab
e = E/ Eb =a/ab

ab = 1 ( for black body)

Therefore e = a
Thus when any body is in thermal equilibrium with its surrounding its emissivity and
absorptivity are same.
 Laws of Black body radiation

The Stefan–Boltzmann law describes the power radiated from a

black body in terms of its temperature.
The Stefan–Boltzmann law states that the total energy radiated per
unit surface area of a black body is directly proportional to the
fourth power of the black body’s absolute temperature.
Eb
 Unit wise Marking Scheme.
Unit No Unit Title Teaching Hours Total Marks

1 Conduction 12 12
2 Convection 18 20

3 Radiation 06 08
4 Heat exchangers 14 16

5 Evaporation 14 14

Total 64 70
 Books for Reference
Sr. No Title of Book Author Publication

1 Introduction to Badger W. L., Mc Graw Hill Publication, New York,

Banchero 2011, ISBN 9780074630501
Chemical Engineering.

2 Unit Operations of J.T. Mc Cabe W. Mc Graw Hill Publication, New York,

L. Smith 2005, ISBN 97899339213237
Chemical Engineering.

3 Introduction to Process Mc Graw Hill Publication, New York,

D. Q. Kern. ISBN 978-0070341906
heat transfer
4 Rajput R.K. S. Chand and company , Ramnagar, New
Heat and Mass Delhi ISBN: 9788121926171
transfer
5 Chemical Coulson J. M. and Butterworth-Heinemann Publication, ISBN
Engineering Richardson J.F. 9780750665384
Design.
 SUGGESTED SOFTWARE/LEARNING WEBSITES

1.https://byjus.com/chemistry/bleat-transfer.

2.https://me-mechanicalengineering.com/modes-of-heat-transfer/amp/

3.https://www.che.utah.edu/undergraduate/projects lab/equipment/heat
conduction.

4.https://enginecriHgoperation.blogspot.in/2010/08/conduction-heat-
transfermechanism- and.htm1?m—1

5.https://www.thomasnet.cont/articles/process-equipment/heat exchanger-
types/
Thank You