ENVIRONMENTAL-EDUC

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Republic of the Philippines

AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
Banga, Aklan
Tel. (036) 268-30-42; 268-23-15
email: asunstp@yahoo.com
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
“. . . waste is resource that can be recovered”,
“RA 9003 poses a challenge.

Solid waste management in the curricula of schools would
enhance awareness and promote the right attitudes of the youth”.
This reference material is for the exclusive use of ASU NSTP, reproduction by mechanical,
optical or by any means without permission from the authors / compilers is strictly prohibited.
Republic of the Philippines

College of Industrial Technology
Kalibo Aklan
Tel. (036) 268-30-42; 268-23-15
/ASU-NSTP/air/ Notes in Environmental Educational AY 09-10

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Environmental Education
I. Introduction:
Environmental Education had been introduced in the Philippine Educational System

for many years, but it was never been properly and strongly addressed to all to ensure
functional environmental programs. Our country is in the stage of trying to find out
solutions to problems. Primarily on the environmental issues concern all over the
Archipelago, logically speaking technology is growing. Resources are utilized to the
fullest that are being feedback to the community; without sustainable measures to
prevent the issues and concern on Environment that becomes problem not only of
certain individual’s nor of any group organizations but it becomes the concern of
everybody.
II. Learning Objectives
Environmental Education can be attained in terms of the learners’ awareness,

knowledge, attitudes, skills and participation to the resolution of environmental
problems, issues and concerns. The learners must consider the environment in its
totality-natural and built, technological and social (economic, political, cultural,
historical, moral and aesthetic).
Environmental education must be: a) Action Oriented. It should involve finding

solutions to real environmental problems and issues, b) Experiential. It should use
variety of approaches and environments, c) Future –Oriented. It must be concerned
with the present and future generations, d) Globally Oriented. It must consider the
whole earth as one ecosystem, e) Holistic. It must deal with the natural and man-made
aspect of the environment, f) Interdisciplinary. It must relate to all disciplines, g) Issue-
Oriented. It must deal with local, regional, national and global perspective.
Specifically, at the end of the topic, the students are expected to:
1. Clarify some concepts, practices and legal issues that relates to environmental
and ecological issues and concerns;
2. Gain awareness on RA 9003, Clean Air Act and other statute relative to
environmental and ecological problems;
3. Gain fundamental knowledge on ecological and solid waste management;
4. Provide examples of initiatives that demonstrate individual response and
responsibility for their actions and practices;
5. Stimulate students interest in acquiring skills for efficient management of
garbage / wastes in an individual capacity or institutional level; and
6. Relate ecological solid waste management with human and ecological security.
III. Scope:
The holistic concept of environmental management embraces not only the

protection of the environment per se, but more importantly, the management of human
activities which has significant impact on the environment. This concept enlarges the
notion of development to include the enhancement of environmental quality alongside

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development on a sustainable basis. This is the perspective from where the

environment-development nexus must be reviewed
The goal of Environmental Education is to have an environmentally literate and

responsible citizenry who will ensure the protection and the improvement of the
environment and bring about sustainability, social equity and economic efficiency in the
use of the country’s natural resources. The people must develop a sympathetic attitude
towards the diversity and sustainability of resources on earth for the survival and
stability of life.
Environmental Educational Defined
 Contextualizing environmental issues within the physical, biological, social,

economic, historical and imperatives of the Philippines.
 A process of teaching and learning, helping people to acquire understanding, skills
and values that makes them active and informed citizens in the development and
maintenance of an ecological, sustainable and socially just society.
Worldwide in developed and developing countries environmental problems are

among the most important concerns facing people and their governments. The
problems include population growth, poverty, deforestation, pollution of water and
soils, waste disposal and loss of species.
There are risks associated with all of these problems that are affecting almost
every activity in life. Living is always polluting especially when one fails to manage it, and
there is no escape from it. The ever-increasing human and animal population can caused
environmental degradation and over exploitation of the natural resources. Thus, our
“Mother Earth” is facing problems that are not only locally but most of it becomes a
global problems. These environmental problems become issues for all of us to solve. The
concerns in solving such problems are so limited. It seems that not all are really doing
some help to save our planet earth, as the only planet we have that can support life.
With Philippine progress in industry and technology at this point in time, the people are
threatened with increasing awareness about the air, water, land, noise pollution.
A. Pollution, Classification and Sources
Pollution is defined as the alternation of our surroundings, wholly or largely as a

product of man’s actions, through direct or indirect effects of changes in ever pattern of
chemical and physical constituents of organisms.
The problem of air pollution has become a worldwide phenomenon. If left

unabated it can cause major health problem and even death. In Metro Manila air
pollution had reached the alarming levels with a total suspended particles (TSP) as
much as five times greater that the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of
particulate matters of 10 microns (PM 10) and the lead levels even higher as two times
the guidelines.

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Air pollution is defined as physical and chemical alternation of the properties of

air, which is harmful to human health, vegetation and animals.
1.1 Outdoor Pollution is a type of pollution derived from the mixture or collection of
additional loads of chemical produced by natural events and human activities
with the natural components of the atmosphere thereby producing harmful
effects to living system.
The following are the major sources of Outdoor Pollution:

 Burning of fossils fuels for power consumption
 Photochemical and industrial smog
 Volcanic eruption to emit sulfur dioxide and suspended particulates
 Forest Fire, “ Kaingin” or the St.Elmo Fire and Lightning
 Evaporation of volatile organic compounds from decaying organic matters
 Natural Radioactive 222-gas from Uranium deposits
The chemical substances from varieties of sources contribute to air pollution. These
are nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and organic compounds that can evaporate and
enter the atmosphere.
Table 1. Classes of Air Pollutants
POLLUTANTS COMMON MEMBERS

Carbon monoxide (CO)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Oxide (CO)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
Sulfur trioxide (SO3)
Nitric oxide (NO)
Nitrogen Oxide (NO) Nitrogen Oxide (NO2)
Nitrous oxide (N2 O)
Methane (CH4)
VOC’s (Volatile Organic Compound)
Butane (C4 H10)
Dust, Soot (Carbon)
Asbestos, Lead (Pb)
SPM (Suspended Particulars Matter)
Chromium (Cr)
Arsenic (As)
Sulfuric Acid (H2 SO4)
Liquid droplets
Nitric Acid (HNO3)
DDT, Malathion, etc.
Photochemical oxidants
Ozone (O3)
1.2 Indoor Air Pollution- a type of pollution derived from the accumulation or build up of
chemical, SPM, VOC’s inside the office, building, houses, school, commercial store that
are harmful to health. Table 2 shows the sources, types of indoor pollutants and its
health threat.
Table 2. Sources, Classes of Indoor Pollutants and its Health Threats
SOURCES CLASS/TYPE HEALTH THREAT

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Aerosol sprays Trichloroethane Breathing difficulty

Chlorine treated water Chloroform Cancer
Air freshener crystal and moth balls Par-chlorbenzene Cancer
Tobacco and cigarettes Nicotine Lung cancer, heart disease
Carpets and Plastic Products Styrene Liver and kidney damage
Paint stripper and thinner Methylene chloride Diabetes and nerve disorder
Gas stove, kerosene, heater, wood stone Nitrogen oxide Respiratory disorder
Dry cleaning fluids
Tetrachoroethylene Nerve, liver, and kidney damage
Effects of Air Pollution
Air pollution is responsible for major health effects. Every year, the health of countless
people is ruined or endangered by air pollution.
 Damage of Human Health

 Overloading and degrading of body’s defense mechanisms
 Chronic bronchitis
 Emphysema (rapture of lung air sacs)
 Lung cancer
 Damage of plants that lead to dehydration and inhibition of photosynthesis
 Damage to materials e. g. discoloration of clothing materials and cars
 Depletion of ozone layer
 Increase global warming caused by “green house effect”
Air Pollution – Solutions
Air pollution because of disastrous effects need to be curbed. In order to accomplish

this, government, scientist and environmentalists are using or testing a variety of methods
aimed at reducing pollution. There are two main types of air pollution control:
 Input control – involves preventing a problem before it occurs, or at least limiting the
effects the process will produce. There are five major input control methods that are
useful. People may try to 1) restrict population growth, 2) use less energy, 3) improve
energy deficiency, 4) reduce waste and 5) move to non-polluting renewable forms of
energy production.
 Output control – this method of control seeks to fix the problems caused by air
pollution. This means cleaning up an area that has been damaged by pollution. This is
more expensive than the input control.
Air pollution has indeed become a serious problem. With the efforts to address this
problem, the passage of the “Clear Air Act” in 1999 makes it milestone to provide
comprehensive and integrated policy for air quality management. The National Ambient Air
Quality Values had been set in the law to protect health, safety and the general welfare. These
are routinely reviewed by the DENR through the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), in
coordination with the other concerned agencies and sectors. (Presentation 1 Cleaning the Air)

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The Clear Air Act

(Excerpts from the Primer on the Clear Air Act of DENR)
Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act is a
Comprehensive air quality management policy and program that aims to achieve and maintain
healthy air for all Filipinos. The guiding principle of the Clean Air Act (CAA) provides that the
state shall:
 Protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature;
 Promote and protect the global environment while recognizing the primary
responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems;
 Recognize that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily
area-based;
 Recognize that a clean and healthy environment is for t++ he good
of all and should therefore be the concern of all.
Coverage of the CAA
 All potential source of air pollution (mobile, point and area sources) must comply with
the provisions of the law. All emissions must be within the air quality standards.
 Mobile sources refer to vehicles like cars, trucks, buses, jeepneys, tricycles, motorcycles
and vans.
 Point sources refer to stationary sources such as industrial firms ++++++++++++++++
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++++++++++++++++++++++----- + the smoke stacks of power plants, hotels and
other establishments.
 Area sources – refers to sources of emissions other than the above mentioned. These
include smoking, burning of garbage, and dust form construction, unpaved ground,
--------------------------------- etc.
What can CWTS trainee do to help clean the air?
The CWTS students can conduct information campaign related to the “Clean Air Act”
informing the people in the community on how to help clean the air.
For vehicle owners/motorists:

 Maintain vehicle by changing oil regularly (every 5,000 kilometer)
 Keep the engine well-turned based on the owner’s manual

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 Keep tires properly inflated

 Plan trips and observe proper driving habits
 Remove unnecessary things from the trunk. Don’t overload and travel only at speed
required by traffic regulations and road conditions
For commuters:
 Try talking to the jeep/bus/tricycle driver about the high health risks of poor vehicle
maintenance and improve driving practices

 Patronize the mass transit such as bus, train (MRT, LRT)
For Office Workers:

 Reduce use of air conditioners
 Make sure that lights are energy efficient
 Use company vehicles wisely
 Use natural lighting by opening window curtains at daytime
At Home:
 Use low watt bulbs or energy saving light
 Limit the use of air-conditioning units a few degree higher
 Don’t burn garbage
 Avoid using aerosols
 Properly dispose refrigerant, refrigeration, equipment and used coolant
For everyone:
 Talk to people on what they can do about air pollution
 Report smoke-belchers to LTO.MMDA, and/or the appropriate local government units
 Walk or ride your bike to places
 Take the bus or ride mass transit transportation
 Stop burning of garbage in community
 Plant trees
 Don’t smoke in public places
2. Water Pollution
Water pollution is defined as the physical or chemical changes in the surface and
ground water caused by pollutants that can adversely affect living organisms. Every year
14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world’s oceans.
The problem of ocean pollution affects every nation around the world. This is true
because water is able to transport pollution from one location to another. As the world
has industrialized and its population has grown, the problem of water pollution has
intensified.
Major Sources of Water Pollution
1. Point Source – a source of pollution that discharges pollutants or any affluent,

such as water, through pipes, ditches, and sewers into bodies of water specific
location.(Sources: sewage treatment plants of factories, electric power plants,
abandoned underground coal mine, oil tanker and offshore oil wells).
2. Non-point source – sources of pollution that are widely scattered and discharges

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Pollutants over a large area. (Sources: run off into surface water, seepage into
ground water in urban and suburban lands, construction areas and roadways
etc).
Common Types of Water Pollutants and its sources
 Disease causing organism (bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasites)

 Oxygen demanding wastes (domestic sewage, animal manure and other
biodegradable organic wastes y\that deplete water of dissolved oxygen)
 Water-soluble inorganic chemicals (acids, salts, toxic metals, etc.)
 Inorganic plant nutrients (water soluble nitrate and phosphate salt)
 Organic Chemicals (insoluble and water-soluble oil, gasoline, pesticides, solvents, etc.)
 Sediments of suspended matter (insoluble pesticide of soil, salt and other inorganic
materials that can remain suspended in water.
 Radioactive substances (Radon 222 and Uranium)
Water Pollution - Causes
 One of the reasons that the water pollution problem is so severe is that is not
actually illegal to damp pollutants into water bodies. Sewage, sludge, garbage and
even toxic pollutants are all dumped into the water. Often, governments either do
not care or simply look the other way. Across the world, about half of all sewage is
dumped into water bodies in its original form. No efforts are made too distinct the
sewage or to remove especially harmful pollutants. Even if sewage is treated,
problems still arise. Treated sewage from sludge, are sent out into the sea and
dumped. Many cities and countries dump sewage out at sea. Often, they place it not
far from their own coastline, often killing all the sea wildlife in the dumping area.
 In addition to sewage, chemicals dumped by industries and governments are

another major source of water pollution Oil, such as that spilled by transport ships,
has been dumped into the water since the US Civil War. Every year, between one
and 10 billion tons of oil are split, killing many species and destroying the ecosystem
in the area.
Water Pollution – Effects
The effects of water pollution are varied and depend on what chemicals are
dumped and in what locations. Pasig River is a strong example of how badly pollution
can damage bodies of water. The water is filled with toxic waste and sewage, and
routinely receives more waste when rainfall pushes it into the harbor.
Many bodies of water near urban areas are highly polluted. This is the result of
both garbage are dumped by individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally
dumped by industries. The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills life
that inhabits water-based ecosystems. Dead fish, birds and many other animals often
wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants in their habitat.
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Tiny animals eat pollutants such
as lead and cadmium. Later fish and shellfish consume these animals, and the food chain
continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.

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Eventually, this process affects humans as well. People can get diseases such as
hepatitis by eating seafood that has been poisoned and death may result by eating red-
tide infected seafood’s.
Ecosystems can be severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many

areas are now being affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming
to hurt humans.
Water Pollution – Solution
Many laws have been created to restrict industries from dumping materials into
the water. However, many laws remain weak, and many countries do not restrict water
pollution. In the United States, the “Clean Water Act” was written to completely put an
end to all dumping of pollutants into the water. The law has not been effective in many
areas, but in other locations, it has achieved goals.
Many non-governmental projects are also being carried out in an effort to clean
up water. Industries are beginning to reduce the amount of chemicals they dump into
the water, is making its products degradable. However, many environmentalists think
this is hardly enough.
(Presentation 2 Success Stories)
3. Solid Wastes / Land Pollution
This type of pollution is refers to the presence in land of any solid waste in such quality,
of such nature and duration, and under such conditions that would injurious to human
health or welfare, animal or plantlike or property. Solid waste disposal is an issue for all
countries. Most countries produce millions of tons of household wastes and industrial
toxic wastes from factories, industries and hospitals. These wastes are polluting the air,
soil and water because most countries and communities do not have a means of safety
disposing it. When solid wastes are burned, toxic gases spread into the air, causing air
pollution.
The dumping of some waste can be dangerous for public health because acids and non-
decomposable organic materials seep through the soil and contaminate the drinking
water and pollute farming land. As a result waste or garbage causes dangers to public
health. Solid waste takes up space and produces unpleasant smells.
Citizens divide their waste, garbage into four categories:

 Combustibles,
 non-combustibles,
 recyclable,
 hazardous wastes
Causes of Garbage (Solid Wastes)
 Effects of “Throw-away and disposable society”

 Overpopulation of people on earth
 Over production of packaging materials, bottles, diapers and other non-degradable
materials

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 Over production of newspapers, plastic bags and containers made up of styrofoam or

polystyrene foam, which are difficult to recycle
 Lawn clipping make-up about a fifth of all garbage in landfills
 Medical waste or infectious waste (“red bag”) is a growing problem
 Tires are designed to last to their durability. Burning tires create fumes
 Household waste both the degradable and non-degradable are thrown everywhere in
Metro Manila and other major cities in the Philippines.
Solid Waste and its Disposal
There are only three places for wastes to end up: in the ground, in the air, some of our
waste ends up in each place.
 Landfills – sanitary landfill is designed to reduce the amount of waste that leaks out into
the environment. It protects the environment from pollution and uses the methane
produced in the landfill to generate electricity. Water dissolves pollutants out of the
Garbage forming a solution known as leachate.
 Incineration – reducing solid waste by burning it first and this causes fly ash, gases and
particulate matter to the air
 Ocean dumping – about 50 million tons of waste a year are discharge into the ocean
300 kilometers off – shore. Disease causing organisms and heavy metals has destroyed
numerous fisheries. (Presentation 3 ESWM)
Garbology: Garbage Management and disposal activities, what the CWTS trainee can do:
Individual Action
 Reuse item whenever possible
 Encourage source reduction
 Compost the natural degradable organic wastes
 Reuse and recycle plastics
 Reuse returnable and refillable glass bottles
 Wash and reuse plastic and silverware plates. Use plate instead of Styrofoam
 Save paper whenever possible, reuse paper bags, scrap paper for notes
 Reuse paper or plastic bags
 Share newspapers, magazines with others
 Conduct garage sale or charity pick-ups
 Carry your own clean cups, forks, knives, spoons, and plastic straw
 Do not use incinerator
 Save magazines, Styrofoam etc. for children’s arts
Effective Ways of Recycling and Reducing the Non-Degradable and Degradable Wastes
The production of the vast majority of commercial products (prime commodities and
others) in our market is basically utilizing materials that are essentially non-biodegradable
products and hence, is a major contributing factor to the growing volume of
environmental wastes (e.g. about 3, 300 metric tons of solid waste per day in the
Metropolis). In Metro Manila alone, the inter-related problems of population growth,
proliferation of slum and squatter areas, industrial development and inadequate sewage
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and waste management system have imposed tremendous strain/stress on our already
over burdened or sick environment. Over the years almost about 55-60% of the so called
environmental wastes are non-biodegradable materials and about 15-18% are
biodegradable products, while considering the remaining percentage to be hazardous or
toxic wastes resulting from the mismanagement of domestic activities.
The school and community based Ecological Waste Management (EWM through
Zero-Waste concept) is primarily concern on maximizing, optimizing, mobilizing school
resources-both materials and human to achieve the vision and goals of EWM and to make
this University an “Ecology Learning Center of Excellence” helping to achieve the goals of
Sustainable Earth and Society through the Low-Technology approach concepts.
Nature of Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Wastes:
Biodegradable wastes (organic waste) example are food wastes, lawn clippings, plant
and animal wastes, etc. are usually compostable, and can be re-used as feeds,
fermentable, fuel and fertilizers while the non-biodegradable wastes (e.g. metals, plastics,
glass etc) are factory returnable and can serve as a potential sources of livelihood
projects-ranging from basketry to woodcraft.
In the most contexts, the recycling, reusing and reducing of these biodegradable and
non-biodegradable wastes are effective ways to slow down the waste disposal problem. It
also means, we use less of the earth’s already depleted natural resources, while making
products recycled and reused materials uses considerably less energy and causes less
pollution
than extracting and processing raw materials. Making cans from recycled aluminum, for
example, take about 96% less energy than making them from raw bauxite ore.
The Four R’s of Waste Management – a Guiding Principle
Common sense tells us the most cost-effective way to manage waste is to do some
things at the source of generation. That is at the household, offices or institutional level.
Activities such as sorting of waste and eventually recovery can be best done at this point.
The following are practical tips and should be at the core of any Ecological Waste
Management.
 Reduce – avoid wasteful consumption of goods. Begin by asking the question: “Do I
really need it?” in so doing, we minimize waste and conserve our natural resources.
Conservation like charity begins at home.
 Reuse – whenever practicable reuse items that is useful instead of throwing them
away. It would greatly help if we patronize goods that are reusable, rather than throw
away types.
 Recycle – waste can be valuable resource. Items that are useless or of very little value
to someone who wants to dispose of them are very often significant value to others at
another setting and/or time. The process whereby portions of these wastes are sorted
out and used for something of benefit is called recycling.
 Repair – whenever items that are reusable and need for a repair to make it functional
instead of throwing it.
Simple and Effective Ways of 4 R’s (Personal Waste Management)

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 Avoid over-packed goods

 Avoid disposable goods such as throw-away razors, pens, diapers, and lately, even
disposable cameras
 Buy food in bulk. Patronize products whose contents are refillable
 Buy durable products
 Practice composting (e.g. yard clippings and leaves)
 Patronize recycled and recyclable goods. There are different kinds of plastics. Avoid
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers, often used as cooking oil and salad dressing
bottles. Avoid containers made from multiple layers of plastics such as squeezable
bottles. These are virtually non-recyclable. Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) plastics are
highly recommended instead.
 Patronize products that are made from renewable, rather than non-renewable
resources.
 When buying products, such as shampoos and other toiletries, choose those with as
little packaging as possible. Avoid products which use numerous and unnecessary
layers of plastics, cardboard and Styrofoam as they will only add to the garbage you
throw out. Choose products with reusable or recyclable containers. Jars and tin cans
can be reused at home instead of being thrown away as garbage.
 In cases of cardboard packaging, choose products, which come in brown, gray, or
those that specify that they be. Made from recycled materials. Avoid white ones,
which are almost always not recycled.
 Recycle paper. It is one way of saving over trees. Use backsides of used paper to
recycling centers. You may have one in your neighborhood. Share your magazines,
newspapers and comic books with your friends.
 Each one’s efforts, no matter how small, will add up to something that will make a big
difference.
The 4R’s of Ecology: Strategy in attaining Ecological Sustainability at School-Community

Based Projects
School-community can suffer from the same pollution problems as homes. A

school/community administrator has many needs to attend but inspite of these, he must
be able to ‘green up’ environment by sponsoring and supporting to Cleaning, Greening
and Beautifying Program. When it comes to attaining Ecological Sustainability, the “Four
R’s” –reduce, reuse, recycle and repair as strategies have to be learned and practiced in
the communities and schools by the community officials, residents, students, teachers as
well as concerned parents in solving about the “garbage overload”.
 To reduce means to reasonably limit or conserve the use of materials for more
important projects.
 To reuse is to “use again” the materials that are non-degradable, reusable and
recyclable.
 To recycle is to reuse after the materials had been reprocessed either to new products
or similar functional products.
 To repair is to reconstruct/restructure and reinstall equipment/appliances/gadgets that

are repairable to its functional state.

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 The school-community can spend as much money disposing its trash as it does on
buying textbooks. The amount of trash created in community has grown steadily as
marts and canteens have switched to serving more and more meals and snacks on paper
and throw away plastics, Styrofoam plates and cups instead of reusable conventional
table wares, glass, forks and spoons.
Ways to reduce garbage overload:
School/Universities-based:
 Take lunch to school in reusable containers, use lunch boxes and heavy-duty plastic
containers. These are better than throwaway bags, plastic wrap and waxed paper.
 Work with Parent Teacher Association, student-accredited organizations, student
council to identify ways that your school could reduce the amount of garbage it
produces.
 Stop using throwaway dishes, cups and utensils for regular school meals. Use paper
products not plastics.
 Replace the “fast food” approach with fresh cooked foods and meals.
 Put separate garbage cans in the cafeteria/canteen for organic degradable, uneaten
foods, papers, etc. and for non-biodegradable waste materials.
 Set up a paper recycling operation to collect used papers, old newspapers from
classrooms and offices.
 Repair and resell broken desks, chairs and other equipment to salvagers and
charities
 Turn class projects into demonstrations about the amount of garbage your school
produces.
 Involve in PTA and school board meeting to support sound environmental
management
 Urge your local newspaper to editorialize in favor of a greater school commitment to
the environment
 Network with other parents, students and teachers concerned about environmental
issues
 Conduct a campus-wide environmental audit.
 Urge student government to pass resolutions supporting environmentalism.
 Create a coalition of campus group to promote environmental issues.
 Organize a teach-in on Earth Day.
 Hold a film festival related to environmental issues.
At the Office: What you can do?

 Use less paper.
 Use your computer or word processor more.
 Recycle your own waste paper home to use as scratch pads.
 Encourage your company/school to buy recycled paper for use as stationary and
envelopes.
 Set up an easy system to encourage in-office recycling arranges with a paper recycle
to pack up the waste paper on a regular basis.
 Recycle Newspapers.
 Avoid throwaway lunch containers.

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 Network with other recycling companies, educate the media, write letters to editors,
get support from local government.
At your Community-Based: How Communities can promote Recycling, Five-Point plan.
 Organize neighborhood association into a strong coalition of recycling advocates,

and take your concerns to community council meeting.
 Ask the city council to appoint a task force to determinate how much money the
community can save in recycling instead dumping.
 Publicize the results of the task force findings in local newspaper and on radio and
television.
 Urge the community to create a recycling program.
 Implement the recycling program immediately.
 The Community School Administrators can initiate and enforce the Recycling
Program.
 Hire a full-time recycling coordinator.
 Help create a market for recycling mandatory.
 Ban the disposal of specific recyclable materials and adjust disposal fees.
 Provide separate containers for different recyclable and clear instructions on how to
recycle.
 Have recycled materials picked up the same day as regular garbage.
 Educate the community about the importance of recycling.
 Recycle the university’s own garbage.
Shop Talk-10 Golden Rules:

1. Buy local products
2. Always take your own shopping bag
3. Avoid “disposal” items
4. Buy organically grown fruits and vegetables
5. Look for minimum packaging
6. Avoid aerosol sprays
7. Buy products in reusable containers.
8. Avoid plastic packaging
9. Support shops that offer products friendly to the environment
10. Buy both recycled and recyclable products.
Down-to-Earth Home Hints – 10 Rules:

 Make or buy non-toxic cleaner
 Avoid pesticide use in the home
 Read labels carefully
 Use all cleaners moderately
 Keep your toiletries simple
 Avoid over-packaged cosmetics and cleaners
 Learn which additives are harmful and avoid them
 Choose biodegradable products.
 Avoid aerosol cleaners
 Buy products that have not been tested on animals.

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Use it again: Recycle, 10 Golden Rules

1. Separate your garbage for recycling
2. Compost your food scraps
3. Use things until they are really worn out
4. Buy milk in glass bottles instead of cartoons.
5. Be wary of the disposable tag on products – how can you dispose of them?
6. Avoid plastic
7. Buy recycled paper
8. Reuse envelopes, plastic bags and containers
9. Take your own shopping bag or basket
10. Choose biodegradable packaging
Why recycle
 Save energy  Save money
 Save space  Create jobs
 Save resources  Reduce pollution
Preparing to recycle
To make the most of your waste for recycling, separate and treat it in the following ways:
 Food Scraps – keep it separate in a container with lid and deposit regularly unto your
compost heap- for organic fertilizer production.
 Glass – return bottles or glass containers to manufacturers of the products. Glass
can effectively be recycled forever. Reuse the glasses or bottles depending on your
needs.
 Paper – newspaper and other paper products are suitable for recycling and reusing.
 Steel cans – rinse cans to food scraps and squash then flat or reuse it as container or
flowerpot.
 Metal – keep all forms of scrap metal – it’s worth money. You can sell it to scrap
merchant
 Aluminum cans – these are worth money! Squash can flat for collection and sell it for
extra money.
 Car oil – collect waste oil in the container. Many service stations collect this for
recycling.
 Car tires – use worn-out tires for anything else – like swing in garden and planter.
 Plastic – plastic has a very little recycling potential – reuse plastics as much as
possible.
Plastics: Reducing the use of plastics

 Avoid buying meat and vegetables pre-packaged in plastic
 Take your own bag or trolley when you go shopping
 Avoid using plastic bags
 Buy 100 percent recyclable alternatives to good packaged in plastic
 Avoid man-made fibers in clothing.
 Avoid disposable plates, cups and food utensils
 Don’t buy disposable razors
 Invest in a good pen that will last for years and require or use fountain pen.
 Buy margarine and butter in paper wrappers
 Buy soft drink in glass bottles preferable reusable

Page 16 of 18
Save Water – 10 Golden Rules:
1. Fix dripping taps promptly

2. Choose phosphate free detergent
3. Use recycled, unbleached toilet paper
4. Never dispose of toxic waste down the drain
5. Shower instead of bathing
6. Turn taps of properly
7. Observe water bans
8. Reuse washing water in the garden
9. Water your garden in the early morning or early evening
10. Don’t do your laundry until you have a full load.
Save energy: It’s easy to Save Energy! (10 Golden Rules)

 Insulate you home
 Install a ‘solar system’ to generate energy
 Heat or cool only the room you use
 Wear more clothing, instead of turning up the heat or light clothing in warm season
 Switch off lights in areas not being used
 Ensure your oven and fridge seal properly
 Choose energy – efficient appliances
 Turn everything off when you go on vacation/holidays
 Keep doors to heated/air conditioned room closed
 Plug up draughts
Save Fuel – Undreamt of Mobility (10 Golden Rules)
 Use public transport whenever convenient

 Buy locally produced and packaged goods
 Adopt fuel-saving driving techniques
 Cut down on car trips
 Avoid energy – consuming extras on your car
 Buy a small, light weight car that run on lead-free petrol
 Car pool with fellow commuters
 Walk if you only have a short distance to travel
 Shop locally
 Keep your car properly maintained

Page 17 of 18
Suggested Exercises / Activities:
1. Of the different Environmental Problems, what are the common problems; the
Community has as an issue and becomes the concern of all. Give only two problems
and workout for the probable solution of the problem.
2. The Republic Act No. 8749 otherwise known as the Clear Air Act of DENR is a
comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve
and maintain healthy air for all the Filipinos. Why the CAA cannot be fully enforced?
What would be the role of the community people to help the government enforce
the Act? Write a solution on how you can help assess in enforcing the Act.
3. In School Campus: Practice/apply the 4R’s of Waste Management as a guiding

principle. Enumerate step by step on how to recycle a Biodegradable and Non-
biodegradable Wastes or Materials.
4. At your Community, how will you promote the Recycling Project? Explain what is
meant by “May Pera sa Basura”? Why there is a need to recycle?
5. On University “Green and Clean Project” – What is your role as CWTS trainee to help
promote and enforce the project?
6. To support the Cleaning, Greening and Beautifying Program of the University,

“Adopt-A-Tree” or a greening area within the Campus (as assigned by your
professor) as your group site for greening and beatifying.

Page 18 of 18

College of Industrial Technology
Kalibo Aklan
Tel. (036) 268-30-42; 268-23-15
Evaluation Exercises in
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Name: _________________________________ Pltn./Coy: _______________ Department: ____________
Answer the following exercises. You can use the free space for your answer and submit before
the start of the class session.
I. Enumeration:
1–4 enumerate the classifications / sources of pollution.
5–7 give at least 3 sources of outdoor pollutants.
8 – 10 Give atleast 3 sources of indoor pollutants.
11-14 Give the four “R’s” of Waste Management.
15-16 Effects of Air Pollution
17-18 Effects of Water Pollution
19-20 Effects of Solid Waste / Land Pollution
II. Essay:
Use a separate clean sheet of paper. (50 pts.) Write Feature or news article of at
least 400 words about the topic / subject below,
ASU-CIT NSTP Trainee in
“Zero Waste Management Project”

ENVIRONMENTAL-EDUC

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Page 1 of 18

Republic of the Philippines

“. . . waste is resource that can be recovered”,

“RA 9003 poses a challenge.

Republic of the Philippines

/ASU-NSTP/air/ Notes in Environmental Educational AY 09-10