Connections are classified based on the connecting element and the fixity of the

joint

1. Classification based on the connector

Connections are classified based on the connecting element in to

(a) Riveted,
(b) Bolted,
(c) Pinned and
(d) Welded connection.

2. Classification based on the fixity of the joint

(a) Rigid joint,

(b) Semi rigid joint and
(c) Flexible joints.

advantage of welding :
1. direct transfer of stress- minimum weight
2.less fabrication
3.economical:15% saving in weight
4.less labour
5.neat apearence
5.more rigid for impact load and vibrations

types of weld
1.butt weld 2. fillet weld 3.slot weld 4. plug weld
FILLET WELD
A fillet weld can be loaded in any direction in shear, compression, or tension.
However, it
always fails in shear.
A fillet weld can be loaded in any direction in shear, compression, or tension.
However, it
always fails in shear.
Limitations on weld dimensions

ƒ Minimum size (amin)

- function of the thickness of the thickest connected plate
thickness of thinner member(mm) : size(mm)
0-10 3
10-20 5
20-32 6
32-50 8 in first run
10 in total

Maximum thickness of weld

for square edge = thickness of thinner member -1.5mm
for round edge = thickness of thinner member - (t/4)mm
- function of the thickness of the thinnest connected plate:
for plates with thickness ≤ 0.25 in., amax = 0.25 in.
for plates with thickness ≥ 0.25 in., amax = t - 1/16 in.

ƒ Minimum length (Lw)

- length (Lw) ≥ 4 a otherwise, aeff = Lw / 4
- Intermittent fillet welds: Lw-min = 4 a and 1.5 in.

ƒ Maximum effective length

- If weld length Lw < 100 a, then effective weld length (Lw-eff) = Lw
- If Lw < 300 a, then effective weld length (Lw-eff) = Lw (1.2 – 0.002 Lw/a)
- If Lw > 300 a, the effective weld length (Lw-eff) = 0.6 Lw

ƒ Weld Termination
- Lap joint – fillet welds terminate at a distance > a from edge.

Design strength of fillet weld

2. Effective throat thickness of fillet welds

Cl.10.5.3.1 specifies the effective throat thickness of a fillet weld not

to be less than 3 mm and shall generally not exceed 0.7t,
or 1.0t under special circumstances, where t is the thickness of
the thinner plate of elements being welded.

effective throat thickness = k*s

where k is a constant depending on angle between fusion faces
s is weld size

Values of K for different angles

Angle between fusion faces in degrees 60-90 91-100 101-106 107-
113 114-120
Constant, K 0.70 0.65 0.60
0.55 0.50

effective length of fillet weld = total length - end returns(2s)

effective area of fillet weld = effective lenth*(ks)
design strength fwd= fwn/rmw
fwn=(fu*lw*te)/(3^(1/2))
rmw=1.25 (shop weld)
rmw=1.5 (feild weld)