SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING.
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 一    ．
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
/ン
17ME/MA34
USN

Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.20l8/Jan.20l9

Mechanics of Materials
Time:3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
助た ″α〃 FyEJレ ″9″ rあ″島 c力 οOsルg
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lamょ vTッ 鮒:f脚11盤I脚:絆 淵 彎tlll

““︼ ∽● ０２ に０﹄一 ｏつ ︻〓＞′ Ｏい ＝ ∞＋ Ｎヾ “ｏ Ｃｏ一一一

,瑠 訛誹
b.Find the elongation in a bar 16五 ded as shown in FigoQ■ (b).TakC mOdulus of elastichy for
・
∽０““０ 〓““一

stcc!Es=200GPa,foF 90pper Ec=100 GPa and for aluminium EA=70GPa。 (10 Marks)
に
/ あ PPCr - 6七 1
ぃ
０ “ Ｃ一Ｃ︼

ｆ ｆ
０崎 Ｒマ

OkN くD` E 90 kN
―
―
――
―
―ヽ -1コ

ド
“Ｅ 。﹄ 。〓一 ｃｏ ∽ｏ〓〓 ∽∽ｏ﹄ｏ 一

()
ぃ

200い い 200 tn\ 300mm

﹄＞′ ∽Ｃ〇一

FigoQ.l(b)

OR
一●５σ。 ﹂０ヽ ﹁““ ﹄ｏ一“コ一

・
2 a. 市は
bn ttw∝ Ⅲ
D∝ eК Ⅲピ “ 算ぜ
「 l猟 緊lttrtmperatwξ L略 冨
S mOdd“ '計
‘〓ｏ“”一

b. ‐
A steel rai1 12.6m lon奮 iSllaid at temperatlrc
Estimate the minimuttgap betweenthe r1ls S6 that the tempcrature stresses do not develop.
０

ded between ralls.If

，

AIso calculate the thermal Stresses devO10ped in rails if no gap is prO宙

′“﹄０ 、〓﹄ｏ∽一

”＞Ｏ 〇一 一

an expansion 9F 2mill is allowed, what is the stress induced.Take E = 200GPa,

α=12× 10`/° C. .: (10 MarkS)
“ｏ。ａ“ ．
●。 Ｅ ００ ぃ

. ‐
Ⅳlodule-2
t雛
F∬電 ∬紺 臆∫
肌嘗 rl話 軍
Ｃｏ一

慰寵∫ ξ冨は 胞
3 a
´︼ｏ ′∽ＣＯ ﹂●０、 “Ｃ〓０一

袖織
一●ｏ嘔 〓“０〇一﹂ｏ “Ｃ〓“ｏ＞０二 、Ｃ′ヽ ．
，

b. 響 歌 lll驚 五lownhtteFな
1:‖ :“ sζ Q.3∫

Normd and,,hear stresses abng hclhec 3:1き

E.
う
iD Principal stresses and their angles
０日 ００ ｃ︵︶ ．” ¨ｏ一ｏフ︻一ｇ”〓 ｏ。口占

(12 Marks)
iiD Maximum shear stress and shear planes'
50 l'1Pa
Ｎ

Fig.Q.3(b)

l of3

タ
 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
17卜 IE/卜 1ハ
ヽ

OR
4 a. Der市 e expressions for circumた rential and 10nghudinal stresses for a thin cylinder of
dianlcter｀ d・ .た ngth`′ 'and thた kness｀ t'suttcCted to internal pressure tp‐ . (lo、 larks)
b. A pipc of intcrnal diameter 300:1lm and 、
va‖ thickness of 100nl:ll contains lltlid ulldcr a
pressurc of6MPao Calculatc and sketch the radial and h00p stresses induced across the l〃 a‖ .

' (10ルlarks)

Ⅳlodule-3 '
5 Draw the shcar force and bcnding moment diagrams fOr a beam i6alё d as ShoWn in Fig.Q.5.
Detelllline the location ofpoint of｀ 瘤難ranexure.AIso nnd ma対 mum bending moment and
its location. (20 Marks)

25kN 20k
“
ｋ
Ｎ
３
０

′
N

ｆ
′

A E

Fig.Q.5

0R
6 a. De」 veぬ e equatbn ofb9,dhg半 =号 =景 ・
..￨ (10 llarks)

b. A simply suppOrted beam ofspan 3m has T‐ Cr6sS section.The■ ￨lge is 100mm× 20mm
and the web is 200mm× 12mm,whh the flalge in cOmpression.Thc maximum compress市 e
stressお to be Httted to 90MPa.Fhd the maXimum htensIメ 10fUDL that can bc carrた d and
the corresponding tё hsile stress induced. (10 Marks)

Module-4
bl手 二 ・
瞥lquttbn OfЮ パ
7
(10 Mark⇒
ａ     ｂ

Deri■
:=平
A shantiansmits 180kW at 240rpm.The a‖ owable shear stress is 72MPa.
i)Find the dMmeter oFs61id sha食 .

iD AIso lnd the diOmeters of hollow shaft if the inside diameter is O.6 times ls outsidc
diarneter. ‐
liD What is thc percentage of saving of material if bOth shans are of same matcrial and
length? ● (10 Ⅳlarks)

● OR
８

Der市e an expressbn forFlよ r's crkに J bad fOra commn whh both ends phned.(lo Marks)
ｔ
Ｄ

Find the Euler's critical load fOr a column l.2rl1 long of rectangular cross scction 90rrlin
wide,60rnin dOpth with both ends hinged.Modulus ofelasticity is 200GPa.Compare it with

Rankine's critical load taking Rankine's constants o = 300 MPa and cr = (10 Marks)
7500
V
′ 2 of3

オ
ザ
・
・ン SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
17ME34

Ⅳlodllle-5
９

Derive an expression for strain energy for a member subjected to axial load.
ａ
ｂ  ｃ
(05 Marks)
Explain Castigliano theorem - I. (05 Marks)
A round rod l20mm diameter, l.8m long transmits 300kW at 900rpm. Find the maximum
strain energy stored by the rod. Take G : 80,000 N/mm2. (t0 Marks)

OR
l0 a. Define:
i) Strain energy
ii) Modulus of resilience ';:"{-ir
iiD Toughness ..:_ (06 Marks)
b. Find the diameter of round rqd,dubjected to a bending moment of 1.8 kN-m and a torque of
1.2 kN-m, according to
i) Maximum normal,stress theorY
ii) Maximum shear stress theory.
Take allowable normal stress as l2OMPa and allowable shear stress as 72MPa.
(14 Marks)

**'ftt

,.,,, _,

4t+e
+ 'd=
dtr.ff"'o;*
-{;+
^& "t
季
′
夕

3 of3
″

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

USN 15PIE/Ⅳ IA34

′ゝ
′ 2 ノ Z γ / ″ ″ r

Third Semester B◆ E.Degree Exarlination,Dec.2018/Jan。 2019

Mechanics of Materials
Time:3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE .full question from each module.

Module-1
．
ｏＯ︼一ｏ”﹄Ｑ 一

I a. Draw the stress-strain diagram of a M-S specimen subjected to tension test and explain the
salient points. (06lvlarks)
“ｒ〓 ∽に ０〇一

b. Determine the magnitude of the load P necessary to produce zero net change in the length of
a straight bar shown in Fig,Ql(b). Area A:400 mm2.

ガ
に０こ ０〇 一〓 ′ ＾
∽ｏ¨”Ｑ ︼ ﹂に 一０ ¨Ｃ 一
，

31■
〇 い ＝ ∞十 Ｎ寸 ．

2“
稗 =」
:￨“ ´
」 」

"豊
笙 と
ifit _ぽ

I Fig.Ql(b)
ｏ一

(lo Ⅳrarks)
に日 ０﹂ ０こ一 目 ０ ∽ｏこ 〓 ∽∽０﹄ｏ 一

∞Ｏ Ｃ〇一〓﹄ ′ ∽〓Ｃ 〓 “う００ ﹄Ｃヽ ＯＣ“ ﹄ｏ一にっ一

OR
2 a. Dcflnc Poisson's ratio.Dcrive an‐ expression for voluinetric strain of a rectangular bar
，

SuttCCted lo nomJ stress abng the thrce aお 。 (08 Marks)

b. A composite bar is rigidly fttcd atthe supports A and B as shOwn in Fig.Q2(b).Dctcrlninc
thc rcactions at thc supports 、 vhen temperaturё ‐rises by 20° Take EA = 70 GPa, .

Es=200 GPA,α A=ll× 10 6/。 c and αs=12× 10る /° C.

ｏＬｏ“”︼ｏ を‘〓 ０ ︵〓一ｏ∽一●α Ｅ ｏｏ ．

As-3oonn
ｏ＞ｏ ｏ一 ︼

ト ー′ ― も ―
+― ―
にＯαα● ．

―
“ "
Fig.Q2(b) (08 NIarks)
ＣＣ 一一
∽﹄０＞′∽〓● ﹄ ＣΛ “ 〓〓 ｏ一﹂ ８ ０ ０ ″¨

●０に 〓 Ｃ０〇一﹂ｏ ∞Ｃ 〓”ｏ＞ｏ﹄ ＾〓ンヽ Ｎ

Ⅳlodule-2
3 a. Derive an expression for the normal stress and shear stress on a plane inclined at '0' to the
，

vertical axis in a biaxial stress s)'stem. (06 Nlarks)

b. At a point in a strained material, the stresses on two planes at right angles to each other are
80 N/mm2 (tensite) and 40 N/mm2 (tensile). Each of the above stresses are accompanied by a
shear stress of 60 N/mm2. Determine normal stress. shear stress and resultant stress on an
inclined ptane (oblique plane) at an angle of 45" to the axis of minor tensile stress. Also find
︵︶  ︼ 一０一０ フ＾ 一Ｃ●〓 ｏ α ｒＣ ︼

major principal stress. minor principal stress and their location. (10 tltarks)

OR
4 a. Derive an expression for circumferential and longitudinal stress in a thin cylinder subjectecl
to intemal pressure p. (06 Nlarks)
b. A thick cylindrical pipe of outside diameter 300 mm and intemal diameter 200 mm is
subjected to an intemal fluid pressure of 20 N/mm: and extemal fluid pressure of 5 N/nrmr.
Determine the maximum Hoop stress developed. Draw the variation of IJoop stress and
radial stress across the thickness of the pipe indicating the values at even,25 mm
interval.
(10卜 larks)
l of3
 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

_ 15ME/MA34
plIodule-3 1 ‐
5 a. Dcrive an cxprcssion to cstablish a relationship b。 ″ecn intensity of load, shear force and
1、

bending moment. (06 PIarks)

b. Draw tlre shear fbrce and bending moment diagram fbr the beam loaded as shown in
Fig.Q5(b). Locate the point of contraflexure ifany.
. nnk,l ! -

L
￨

Fig.Q5(b) (10 Marks)

OR
6 a. A simply supported beam of 'l' section carries a uniformly distributed load of 40 kN/m run
on entire span of beam of 10 m. lf 'l'section is having dimensions as shown in Fig.Q6(a),
determine the maximum stress developed due to bending.
Ｔ一
珈
■ 幻Ｔ

￨― 塵盪盪ュ
_ Fig.Q6(a) = ・● (08 PIarks)
b. Find the dellection at thc iee end of cantilever beam shown in Fig.Q6(b).
Takc E〒 バ105N/mm2,I=180挙 ‐
2‐ 106 mm4.

p knf,o l‐
力が

携
4η
ギ
Fig.Q6(b) (08 Marks)

plIodule-4

a. Derive the torsion equation I = t 99 *;6 usual notations. (08 Marks)

'JRL =

b. A hollow circular shaft has to transmit 60 kW at 210 rpm such that the maximum shear
stress does not exceed 60 MN/m2. lf the ratio of intemalto extemal diameter is equal to 1
-l
and the value ofrigidity modulus is 84 GPa, find the dimensions of the shaft and angle of
tu,ist in a length of 3m. (08 NIarks)

OR
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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
″
ｒ

15ME/MA34

8 a. Derive Euler's equation of a column rvith one end fixed and other end free. (06 Marks)
b. A 1.5 m long column has a circular cross-section of 50 mm diameter. One end of the column
is fixed and the other end is tiee. Taking factor of safety as 3. calculate the safb load using:

i) Rankine's formula, taking yield stress 560 N/mmr and o = +600

r

H)Euler's follllula,taking E=1.2× 105N/-2 (l0l\Iarks)

Module-5
9 a. State and explain three main theories of failure applicable to complex stress system.
(06 Ⅳlarks)
b. A bolt is acted upon by an axial pull of l6 kN along with a transverse shear forcc of10 kN.
Determine the diameter of the bolt required, using
i) Max. principal stress theory
ii) Max. shear stress theory
iii) Max. strain theory
Elastic limit in tension = 250 MPa
Factor of safety: 2.5
:
Poisson's ratio 0.3 (10 Nlarks)

OR
10 a. Write a note on:
i) Castigliano's I theorem
ii) Strain energy due to bending and torsion. (06 1\larks)
b. ThemaximunlstrcssproduCedbyapullinabaFOflCngth l100mmis 100N/mn12.The area
ofcross sections ofiength are shown in Fig.Q10(b).Calculatc the strain cncrgy storcd in thc
barifE=2× 105N/mm2.

Fig.Q10(b) (10 Marks)

*****

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
USN 10AU/ME34
￨ ≦ R ノ賽 ε 0 〇 R
“
Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2018 lJan.20l9
Mechanics of Materials
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100
Note: l. Answer any FIVE full
questions, selecting
at least TWO questions from each part.
2. Missing data if any may be suitably assumed.
PART _ A
００３ ０ｏ﹄α ︻

1 a. Define (i) Modulus of elasticity (iD Strength and ductility (iii) Nominal stress and
True stress. Mention S.l. Units. (05 Marks)
b. Derive relation fbr elongation of a metallic bar, held vertically with length L. cross-sectional
Ｃ Я ¨∽“ ０〇一”０﹄一 ｏＯ 一〓 ≧′ ．

area A and specific weight 'w'. (05 Marks)

c. A stepped bar is subjected to axial forces as shown in Fig. Ql (c). Determine total
deformation in the bar and stresses induced in each part. E =2x10'N/mm2.
・
∽ｏ∞“α 〓 〓“一つ “ 〓 一〓 一

io&e,l"l -5O mof

０ い ＝ ∞＋ べ 寸 ．

■ Lの φ
“ Ｓ一

-f+-
“ ｏ 〓ｏ一〓 ﹄＞′ ∽ＣＯ 〓 ｏ● σｏ 一〇＼ ０ ﹂に ﹄ｏ一“● 一
ｏ一 ０こ一 ＳＯ ∽ｏ〓 〓 ∽∽Ｏ﹄ｏ 一

ltso24 bo-- aoo-

(c)
Find also percentage elongation of the stepped bar.
^1 Fig. Ql
(10 Marks)

2 a. A metallic bar,500 mm long,40 mm rvide and 30 mm thick is subjected to 120 KN Tensile

load along length 600 KN compressive load along thickness and 480 KN Tensile load along
ｏ●ｏ∞ ｏ一０

width of bar. Determine the following : (r) Change in volume (ii) Modulus of Rigidity
(iii) Bulk modulus. Assume E: 150 GN/m2 una I = 0.30 (10 NIarks)
，

.
′“﹄０ 、 〓﹂ｏ ∽一●。 Ｅ ｏ ｏ ．

m
b'
０＞ Ｏ Ｏｒ 一

Define thermal stress and thermal strain. A copper tube of 30 mm external diameter and 20
mm internal diameter encloses a steel rod of l5-mm diameter. The ends are rigidly fastened
にｏＬ Ｑ“ ‘ＥＯ 〓 ”ｏ嘔 〓 Ｃ ０〇一﹂ｏ “ 〓 〓ＣＯ＞ ｏ﹄ ︿ Ｅ どヽ ・倒

to each other. Determine the stresses induced in tube and rod when the temperature increases
from 25'Cto 175'C. Calculatethe thermal strain if length of assembly is 500 mm. Assume
Es =200 GPa, E,.,, =100 GPa. as=l2xl0{'/'C.G.,, =18xl0-6/'C.
∽﹄０＞′∽〓“ ﹄●０ 、 ¨ 〓 〓 ｏ一

(10 Marks)

3 a.‐ Deflnc principal strcsses and principal planes.Explain cOnstruction of Mohr・ s clcle fOr
ll analySiS ofstresses acting on a componeht. (08卜 larks)
b.・ The state ofstress at a point in a straincd matcrial is as shOwn in Fig Q3(b).
。 Ｆ一
ｏ ｏ Ｃ ︵︶ ・一 一ｏ一〇 フ︻ “ε“〓 ００ Ｓ 〓

″ぁ
矛

Determine (i)
Direction and magnitude of principal planes and stresses.
(ii) The magnitude of maximum shear stress and its direction.
Sketch all planes. ( l2 I\larks)

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 SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
10AU/M]瞭 Й
4 a, Define work and strain energy. (04ル larks)
b. Differentiate between thick and thin cylinders. Obtain relation between circumferential and
longitudinal stress for thin cylinder with interal fluid pressure 'P'. (06 Marks)
c. A thick cylinder with internal diameter 300 mm and thickness 50 mm is subjected to an
external pressure of 30 MN/m2. when the internal pressure is 120 MN/m2. Determine the
stresses at external and internal surfaces ofthe cvlinder and sketch the variation ofstresses
and radial pressure along thickness of the cylinder. (10 Marks)

PART _ B
a. Define a beam and list the types of beams with sketches. (04 Marks)
b. Deflne shear force and bending moment" with sketches and sign conventions. (04 Marks)
c. Draw SF and BM diagrams for the loading on the beam. Determine the maximum bending
moment and showthe point ofcontraflexure, if overhangof beam is 2 meters in length. Find
reactions at supports A and B. (12 Marks)
k仏 ″

Fig.Q5(c)

6 a. What are assumptions made in simple bending theory? Show that the maximum transverse
shear stress in a beam is 1.5 times the average shear stress in a beam of rectangular cross
section. (10 Marks)
b. A simply supported beam of 5 m has a cross section 150 mmx250mm. If the permissible
to l0 N/mm2. lind
stress is limited
(i) Maximum intensity of unifbrmly distributed load it can carry.
(ii) The maximum point load P, applied at 2 m liom one end it can carry. (10 Marks)

7 a. Derive an expression for maximum deflection of a Cantilever beam carrying a point load at
its frec end. ‐ ■
(08 Ⅳlarks)
b. A simply supportcd beam of s,an 10 m carries,wOI‐ 00ncentrated loads 20 KN at3 m and
40 Khl at 6‐ rn from lcft cnd support.Calculate the‐ ‐
maximum deflection.
Takc E=2× 105N/mm2,‐ 〒2× 108 mm4.
1‐
(12 Marks)

8 a. Derive an expression for critical load in a column subjected to compressive load. 、 vhen one
end is fixed and other end is free. (lo Ⅳrarks)
b. List the assumptions made in Torsion theory. A circular shaft transmits 210 KW of power at
180 rpm. Total angle of twist in a length of 3 m of shaft is 3". Find the diameter of the shaft
if the permissible shear stress is 60 N/mm?. Take G : 84 GPa (10 Marks)

*****

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Third Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010

Mechanics of Materials

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting

at least TWO questions from each part.

PART-A
a. Explain: i) Poisson's ratio ; ii) Young's modulus. (04 Marks)
b. Mention the assumptions made in the theory of simple stress and strain and derive the
equation dl = PYAE . (06 Marks)
2
c. A brass bar having a cross sectional area of 1000 mm is subjected to axial forces as shown
in Fig.l(c). Determine the total elongation of the bar if E = 105 GPa . (10 Marks)
rg G

8O#C."" -,cl:.t-J

a. Define: i) Modulus of rigidity ; ii) Volumetric strain. (04 Marks)

b. Explain the reason for development of stress in bars, when their temperature rises or falls.
Accordingly calculate the nature and magnitude of stress induced in the rod of 2 m length
and 20 mm diameter, when its temperature rises by 70°C, with both ends constrained.
Take E = 1 x 105 N/mm2 and a = 1.2 x 10-51°e. (06 Marks)
c. A composite section comprises of a steel tube 10 cm internal diameter and 12 cm external
diameter, fitted inside a brass tube of 14 cm internal diameter and 16 cm external diameter.
The assembly is subjected to a compressive load of 500 kN. Find the load carried by the tube
and the stresses induced in them. The length of tube is 150 cm. Take Esteel= 200 GPa and
Ebrass= 100 GPa. What is the change in length of tubes? (10 Marks)

a. The longitudinal strain of a cylindrical bar of diameter 3 cm and length 1.5 m is four times
the lateral strain during a tensile test. Determine the modulus of elasticity and bulk modulus.
Also determine the change in volume when the bar is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of
100 MPa. Take E = 100 GPa. (10 Marks)
b. The state of stress in a two dimensionally stressed body is shown in Fig.3(b). Determine the
principal planes, principal stress, maximum shear stress and their planes. Schematically
represent these planes on x - y coordinates. ~ (10 Marks)
~",\~l-
 SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE

4 a. Obtain an expression for the volumetric strain of a thin cylinder, subjected to internal fluid
pressure. (08 Marks)
b. Determine the hoop stress and radial pressure across the section of a thick cylinder of
internal diameter 40 em and thickness 10 cm, when it contains a fluid at a pressure of
8 N/mm2. Also sketch the distribution of hoop stress and radial pressure. (12 Marks)

5 a. Explain the terms:

i) Sagging bending moment
ii) Hogging bending moment
iii) Point of contra flexure. (06 Marks)
b. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams for the loading pattern on the beam shown
in Fig.5(b). Indicate where the inflexion and contra flexure points are located. Also locate

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the maximum bending with its magnitude. (14 Marks)

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6 a. Show that the maximum shear stress for a rectangular section is 1.5 times the average shear
stress. (06 Marks)
b. A 'T' section of flange 120 mm x 12 mm and overall depth 200 mm, with 12 mm web
thickness is loaded, such that, at a section it has a moment of 20 kNM and shear force of
120 kN. Sketch the bending and shear stress distribution diagram, marking the salient
values. (14 Marks)

7 a. Distinguish between slope and deflection. Explain the same with examples for a simply
supported beam and a cantilever. (06 Marks)
b. A beam AB of 6 m span is simply supported at the ends and is loaded with a point load of
6 kN at 2 m from left support and uniformly distributed load of 2 kN/m for the second half
of the beam. Find:
i) Deflection at mid span
ii) Maximum deflection
iii) Slope at left support
Take E = 20 OPa and I = 2 X 107 mm4. (14 Marks)

8 a. Derive the expression for Euler's buckling load for a column with its one end fixed and the
other end free. (06 Marks)
b. A solid shaft transmits 250 kWat 100 rpm. If the shear stress is not to exceed 75 MPa, what
should be the diameter of the shaft? It this shaft is to replaced by a hollow shaft, whose
diameter ratio is 0.6, determine the size and percentage having in weight, the maximum
shear stress being the same. (14 Marks)
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