How does solar radiation vary over time?

Throughout the day...

The solar radiation received at a given location on the Earth's surface varies throughout the day as a
result of the Earth's rotation resulting from the diurnal apparent motion of the Sun

The greater the slope of the sun's rays, that is, the greater the angle of incidence of solar radiation,
the less solar radiation is received per unit area, since the area over which the sun's rays are
distributed is greater, so the intensity of the radiation received is lower, the atmospheric mass
traversed by the sun's rays is greater, leading to greater energy losses by absorption, reflection and
diffusion.

On the contrary, the smaller the inclination of the solar rays, that is, the smaller the angle of
incidence of solar radiation, the greater the amount of solar radiation received per unit area, since

- the area over which the sun's rays are distributed is smaller, so the intensity of the radiation
received is greater the atmospheric mass traversed by the sun's rays is smaller, leading to lower
energy losses

Throughout the year...

The intensity of solar radiation received at a given location on the Earth's surface throughout the
year varies as a result of the Earth's spherical shape, the tilt of its axis, and the motion of translation
which gives rise to the Sun's apparent annual motion. These factors are responsible for the seasons
of the year, for the variation in the angle of incidence of the sun's rays, and for the variation in the
length of the natural days and nights throughout the year.

Considering that the national territory is in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, roughly,
between 32° N and 42° N, it follows that From December to June, the natural day length increases
and the angle of incidence of solar rays decreases, so the amount of solar radiation received
increases, received decreases.