KURIOS

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Magallanes, Cavite
kccf_97@ymail.com
MODULE 3: TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES
Topics:
Definition of Transnational CrimeDifferent Transnational CrimesPhilippine Initiatives to
Address Transnational CrimesLearning Outcomes:By completing this module, the
students will be able to:· Understand the definition and different transnational crimes;
and· Learn the Philippine initiatives to address transnational crimes. Learning
Activities/Assessment:To complete this module successfully, the students must
complete the following learning activities:
1. What is transnational crime?
Transnational crimes are crimes that have actual or potential effect across national
borders and crimes that are intrastate but offend fundamental values of the international
community. The term is commonly used in the law enforcement and academic
communities.
2. Define the different transnational crimes and state the Philippine enacted laws to
address them:
Transnational Crimes
Definition
Philippine Initiative (laws)
Transnational crimes. Definition. Philippines initiative
laws
Terrorism Terrorism is the unlawful Terrorism is the unlawful use of
use of force or violence force or violence against persons or
against persons or property property to intimidate or coerce a
to intimidate or coerce a government or its citizens to further
government or its citizens certain political or social objectives.
to further certain political or Law enforcement generally
social objectives. Law recognizes two types of terrorism:
enforcement generally domestic and international.
recognizes two types of
terrorism: domestic and
international.

Money laundering is the illegal process of The Anti-Money Laundering Act of

concealing the origins of 2001 (AMLA) is the primary
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money obtained illegally by
passing it through a
complex sequence of
banking transfers or
commercial transactions.
The overall scheme of this
process returns the "clean"
money to the launderer in
an obscure and indirect
way.
Human trafficking also called trafficking in
persons, form of modern-
day slavery involving the
illegal transport of
individuals by force or
deception for the purpose
of labour, sexual
exploitation, or activities in
which others benefit
financially.
Cybercrime is criminal activity that
either targets or uses a
computer, a computer
network or a networked
device. Most, but not all,
cybercrime is committed by
cybercriminals or hackers
who want to make money.
Arms snuggling gunrunning is the illicit
trade of contraband small
arms and ammunition,
which constitutes part of a
broad range of illegal
activities often associated
with transnational criminal
organizations.
AML/CFT law in the Philippines.
The AMLA investigates money
laundering and other financial
crimes to protect financial
institutions and deter criminals from
making the Philippines a money
laundering site for criminal
proceeds.
Republic Act 6955 declares as
unlawful "the practice of matching
Filipino women for marriage to
foreign nationals on a mail order
basis." It is also unlawful under the
R.A. 9208, the Anti-Trafficking in
Persons Act of 2003, a penal law
against human trafficking, sex
tourism, sex slavery and child
prostitution.
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of
2012, officially recorded as
Republic Act No. 10175, is a law in
the Philippines that was approved
on September 12, 2012. ... Among
the cybercrime offenses included in
the bill are cybersquatting,
cybersex, child pornography,
identity theft, illegal access to data
and libel.
Republic Act No.10591, otherwise
known as “THE COMPREHENSIVE
LAW ON FIREARMS AND
AMMUNITION AND PROVIDING
PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS
THEREOF”, was signed into law by
the President of the Philippines on
May 29, 2013
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Maritime piracy consists of any criminal PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 532

acts of violence, detention, August 8, 1974
rape, or depredation ANTI-PIRACY AND ANTI-
committed for private ends HIGHWAY ROBBERY LAW OF
by the crew or the 1974
passengers of a private
ship or aircraft that is
directed on the high seas
against another ship,
aircraft, or against persons
or property on board a ship
or aircraft.

Environmental crime Is an illegal act which REPUBLIC ACT 9003

directly harms the ECOLOGICAL SOLID
environment. WASTE MANAGEMENT
ACT OF 2000
Economic Crime Another term, corruption. 3019 (The Anti-Graft and Corrupt
Cvers a wide range of Practices Act)
offenses, from financial The crime of Estafa or Swindling is
crimes committed by punishable under Article 315 of the
banks, tax evasion, illicit Revised Penal Code (“RPC”)
capital heavens, money
laundering, crimes
committed by public
officials (like bribery,
embezzlement, traffic of
influences, etc.)

3. Discuss the typology of terrorism and identify the top 10 terrorist groups in the world
and their activities.
Answer: Antonian, with special reference to international terrorism, gives the most
complete typology of terrorism: 15 • political terrorism; • state terrorism; • religious
terrorism; • selfish terrorism; • criminal terrorism; • nationalist terrorism; • military
terrorism; • idealistic terrorism; and • guerrilla terrorism.
10 of the Most Dangerous Terrorist Groups in the World (byTrista)
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Espousing radical beliefs and extreme ideologies, terrorism is not a new phenomenon in
the world. By definition, terrorism is using intimidation and violence to achieve a political
goal. During this pursuit, terrorists commit monstrous crimes on both a local and a
global scale.
Over the decades, these different terrorists groups have caused enough mayhem to
gain international attention. Although they may shift on the list over the years, these are
some of the most dangerous terrorist organizations the world has ever known.
Leader of the LRA Joseph Kony surrounded by his commanders.
10. The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA)
Led by Joseph Kony, this terrorist group operates throughout Uganda, parts of southern
Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. It is also
considered a cult.
Although the organization’s initial message was to unify Uganda through peace and
prosperity, it quickly turned into something violent. The Lord’s Resistance Army is guilty
of everything from mutilations to murders and child soldiers to sex slaves.
From 2008 until 2011, the gruesome military killed at least 2,300 people, which does not
account for the number of children they kidnapped, or the hundreds of thousands of
civilians they displaced throughout central Africa.

The FARC is one of the older terrorists groups of Colombia. BBC

9. Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia (FARC)
In English, the name translates to Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. Thus, the
origins of FARC date to a period of conflict between the liberals and conservatives of
Colombia. Pushing an anti-imperialist, communist agenda, these terrorists use guerrilla
tactics to promote their Marxist-Leninist motives.
FARC claims to defend poor farmers and fights against the privatization of the country’s
natural resources. However, the revolutionary group earns funding through a number of
illegal activities including illegal mining, kidnapping, trafficking, and extortion. Further,
hundreds of bombings and killings have been committed throughout Colombia in the
name of FARC.
Ever since the 1960s, North and Latin American governments alike recognize the rebels
as a terrorist group. In 1962, the U.S. government assisted the Colombians with
mobilizing groups of civilians to work with the local armies to counter the FARC threats.
Known as Plan Lazo, William P. Yarborough was the Special Warfare Commander at
the time, and in 2002 the two groups established a common understanding, so they are
not as violent as decades ago.
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The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, or the TTP, gather for a negotiation.

8. Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)
Along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border is a group whose sole purpose is to overthrow
the Pakistani government. These terrorists also take part in battling NATO forces and
enforcing Sharia law.
Also known as the Tehrik-i-Taliban or simply Pakistani Taliban, it was established in
2007 and is composed of several Islamist radical groups.
Its notorious founder Baitullah Mehsud was a Pakistani militant. He died in 2009; Mullah
Fazlullah is the current leader and openly anti-Western.
Not only has the terrorist group attacked Pakistan including United Nation offices, naval
and army stations, and a school full of children in Peshawar, but it also named
American cities as targets. In 2010, Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan attempted to detonate a
car bomb in Times Square.

Lashkar-e-Tayyiba’s founder and leader is the third one from the right, wearing a white
shirt with a tan vest.
7. Lashkar-e-Tayyiba (LT)
Sometimes written as Lashkar-e-Toiba, terrorist leader Hafiz Saeed picked the name
because it means “Army of the Righteous.” They not only occupy regions in India and
Pakistan, but the aggressive group is one of the largest and skilled terrorist groups on
the planet. They want to establish an Islamic state in Southeast Asia.
Markaz-ud-Dawa-wal-Irshad started the military wing in the 1980s with a focus on
Islamic fundamentalism. Soviet Union forces occupied Afghanistan at the time, and the
LT greatly opposed their presence.
Fast forward to the 20th century, and the violent group continues to wreak havoc
throughout India and Pakistan. In 2001, an attack on India’s parliament resulted in 12
fatalities.
Delhi and Varanasi were brutalized in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Over 160 civilians
were murdered because of a 2006 bomb on a Mumbai commuter train.

Terrorists from the Al-Shabaab group march with guns and ammo.
6. Al-Shabaab
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This East African terrorist group was founded in 2006 with a stated mission to eliminate
foreign military forces in Somalia.
In order to help form their Islamic government, the organization earns funding from
ransoms, piracy, illegal trade, and other criminal actions.
Al-Shabaab operates throughout Somalia, Kenya, and Uganda, and they regularly carry
out deadly car attacks and suicide bombings.
In 2013, over 60 people died as a result of the Westgate Mall attack in Kenya. Only two
years later, the brutal organization attacked a Kenyan university and killed 148 students.

Lebanon’s militant sector of Hezbollah have a parade to mark the 13th mourning day of
Ashura in honor of Prophet Mohammed’s grandson, Imam Hussein, who was killed
during the battle of Karbala, which took place in Iraq in the seventh century. US News &
World Report
5. Hezbollah
Translated to mean ‘Party of Allah,’ Hezbollah is a Shi’a militant group. Speared by
Ayatollah Khomeini, Hezbollah was established by a group of Muslim clerics in 1982 to
counter the Israeli occupation of Lebanon. They made it clear they do not favor any
form of western presence, and they are intent on driving them out of the region.
In 1983, Hezbollah bombed the U.S. Embassy in Lebanon. The Lebanese hostage
crisis ensued for a decade. The extremists attacked an aircraft flight in Panama, and the
London Israeli Embassy in 1994.
Although Hezbollah has not been in the media recently for global terrorism, the
Lebanese government has representatives in its cabinet.

Boko Haram is known for its brutality on innocent civilians, especially young girls.
4. Boko Haram
This notorious West African terrorist group is a branch of the Islamic State of Iraq and
the Levant and Syria (ISIL / ISIS), and has close ties with Al-Qaeda. The name Boko
Haram itself translates to ‘Western education is a sin.’ By some accounts, the word
‘Western’ may also be changed with ‘non-Islamic.’
Mohammed Yusuf is the founder of the sect and he passionately despises western
education. He even discredits the Earth being round because he claims it is a western
concept. Boko Haram has been active in Nigeria since 2009. After Nigeria had begun to
accept different cultures, the terrorists wanted to impose Islamic laws throughout the
entire country.
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They even attempted to overthrow the government by imposing Sharia law, which have
zero tolerance for any outside behaviors, including drinking alcohol. In 2011, Boko
Haram took responsibility for bombing the United Nations headquarters in Abuja,
Nigeria. Just three years later, the terrorist group gained international attention when
they kidnapped over 200 Nigerian schoolgirls. Countries all over the globe recognized
their brutal terror, and a massive social media campaign demanded the return of the
children, many of whom were already married with children.
From its foundation until 2014, some 5,000 innocent souls have been murdered at the
hands of Boko Haram.
Like many other terrorists organizations, the Taliban desires to enforce Sharia law
worldwide.
3. Taliban
Mullah Mohammed Omar formed the Taliban in 1994. Its origins derive from the Afghani
struggle against the Soviets. It is such an aggressive terrorist organization that it was in
charge of an entire country. From 1996 until 2001, the Taliban’s militant group enforced
strict Islamic laws in Afghanistan until the United States military invaded the country.
The Taliban makes money via human and drug trafficking. The terrorists are known
murderers and they kill innocent people in the name of Jihad, including over 130 high
school teachers and students in northern Pakistan. The Taliban regularly practices
heinous crimes such as ethnic cleansing. Like other groups, the Taliban received
support from Al-Qaeda.

2. Al-Qaeda
The objective of Al-Qaeda is to unite Muslims everywhere through Jihad and strict
interpretation of Sharia law.
For nearly 30 years, Al-Qaeda has been one of the biggest terrorist groups in the world.
Osama bin Laden created the extremist organization in 1988. It is responsible for the
1993 World Trade Center bombing, the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Africa, and the
2002 Bali bombings.
bin Laden mostly famously carried out the 9/11 attacks in New York City, Washington,
and Pennsylvania which killed over 3,000 Americans. As a result, the U.S. invasion of
Afghanistan ensued. Osama bin Laden was captured and killed in Pakistan in May
2011. Since then, Ayman al-Zawahiri has been the leader of Al-Qaeda.
ISIS has become the most dangerous terrorist group in the world.
1. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant / Syria (ISIL / ISIS)
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi formed the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, which has grown to
80,000 militants and counting. Although the terrorists occupy large parts of the Middle
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East including portions of Iraq, Syria, and Palestine, they have affiliate groups all over
the world including in Southeast Asia, Nigeria, and Libya. They even have some
members in western countries.
As an extreme Sunni Jihadist organization, ISIS claims to have control over Muslims
worldwide including authority over political, religious, and military groups. Abuse from
these savages has occurred all over the globe.
ISIS is especially notorious for creating slave markets where they trade captured
women. Such crimes have already happened to the Yazidi Kurdish sect after ISIS
murdered their children.

4. Illustrate a typical money laundering scheme (three steps of money laundering:

placement, layering, and integration).
Answer:

5. Differentiate human trafficking and human smuggling.6. Submit five news articles
(English version) featuring any of the abovementioned transnational crimes.
Answer: Human trafficking involves exploiting men, women, or children for the
purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation. Human smuggling
involves the provision of a service—typically, transportation or fraudulent documents—
to an individual who voluntarily seeks to gain illegal entry into a foreign country.
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6. Submit five news articles (English version) featuring any of the abovementioned
transnational crimes.
Answer:
1. TERRORISM
1.AFP Chief: Terrorist groups bring fight to Islamic schools, social media
Published October 14, 2020, 1:54 PM
by Martin Sadongdong
Local and foreign terrorist groups operating in the country have started using Islamic
schools or “madrasa” and social media to entice the youth to join them and push their
cause and ideologies.
General Gilbert Gapay, Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), said
that the military has taken steps to counter the rise of suicide bombings and the
changing nature of terrorism in the country.
“The madrasas and other schools in Sulu, we are monitoring them really where we
suspected that there is some sort of radicalization activities going on,” Gapay said.
What’s more alarming, according to Gapay, is that terrorist groups have also utilized the
power of the Internet and social media to recruit young fighters.
“One of the media or vehicles they are using is the social media. We have found out
from some of those who surrendered and captured that quite a number of them have
been recruited and radicalized through social media,” he said.
Gapay believes this is the reason why suicide bombing involving Filipino terrorists have
become the new “trend” of terrorism in the Philippine setting.
In the past two years, at least five suicide bombing incidents have been recorded by the
military.
A bombing incident in June, 2019, involving the first identified Filipino suicide bomber,
Norman Lasuca, seemed to have set a dangerous precedent in the nature of terrorism
in the country, the AFP Chief said.
“We cannot imagine a Filipino really being recruited or being used as a suicide bomber.
Usually, we expect that that suicide bombers would be foreign terrorists that have
slipped here in our country but we were really surprised when we had that first incident
in 2019 in the person of Mr. Lasuca,” Gapay said.
“It was really an eye opener for us that the effort to recruit, to radicalize, and even mold
the suicide bomber out of Filipinos is really at that level,” he added.
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The most recent suicide bombing incident occured last August 24, 2020 at a plaza in
Jolo, Sulu which claimed the lives of 17 people and wounded 74 others, including two
suicide bombers.
An Indonesian terrorist who allegedly committed herself to do a suicide bombing
mission in Zamboanga City has been arrested by the authorities in Sulu last week.

The suicide bomber allegedly wanted to avenge the death of her husband, an
Indonesian terrorist linked with the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) who was killed in an armed
encounter with the military.
Fighting terrorism
To address the evolving nature of terrorism, the military coordinated with the
Department of Education (DepEd) and concerned local government units (LGUs) to
monitor the madrasas in Mindanao where students are believed to be radicalized,
Gapay said.
“As part of our response, we are now strengthening and enhancing our program as far
as preventing and countering violent extremism [is concerned]. We are looking now,
coordinating with DepEd to look into different schools, particularly in Sulu and other
parts of Mindanao. It is in one of these institutions or areas where recruitment is
occurring particularly [among] the youth,” he said.
Terrorism, Gapay noted, is a global concern that should be addressed through the
cooperation of various nations. But he said that the fight must begin at the grassroot
level.
“We have this comprehensive anti-terrorism program of the government wherein all
agencies are involved. You know, the military side will come in after, it’s on the reactive
[side] already, when terrorists are identified and due for neutralization. But the larger
part of the effort will be for the preventive side of it,” Gapay said.
“[It includes] preventing the youth and some people to get recruited, preventing foreign
terrorists from slipping into our country, preventing other local terrorists from slipping out
of the country and getting deployed to Syria or Afghanistan, and then looking into some
madrasas and schools where terrorists also use these facilities to recruit and radicalize,”
he added.
“Terrorism, it’s a global threat and it would need really the cooperation among nations.
That’s why intelligence information sharing with other countries is being done, not only
by the armed forces but by our government so it’s a comprehensive approach when it
comes to combatting terrorism,” he said.
2. DRUG TRAFFICKING
Duterte favors death by hanging for drug traffickers
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Published September 29, 2020, 12:09 PM
by Genalyn Kabiling

If he had his way, President Duterte intends to catch drug traffickers and hang them in a
dark place.
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte talks to the people after holding a meeting with the Inter-
Agency Task Force on the Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) core members at
the Malago Clubhouse in Malacañang on September 28, 2020. (ROBINSON NIÑAL/
PRESIDENTIAL PHOTO / MANILA BULLETIN)
The President said he would not waste bullets on drug offenders, saying such
ammunition is vital for fighting other enemies of the state.
“Kasi kung ako lang, kung mahuli kita, dalhin na kita doon sa Bonifacio o sa madilim na
lugar diyan. I will hang you,” Duterte said in his public address aired on state television
Monday night.
“I will not waste a bullet. Mahal ang bala ng M16 ngayon. Kailangan ko pa sa giyera in
fighting the komunista (M16 bullets are now expensive. I need them in the war against
the communists),” he added.
The President issued the latest threat after expressing dismay with the illegal drug
trade, even inside the prison system. Duterte, who has launched a controversial war on
illegal drugs, admitted watching a movie about drug trafficking on Netflix, and urged the
public to try catching the film.
“What is really appalling? I cannot seem to fathom, hindi ko maabot ang rason, why the
drug syndicates of almost all over the world are run by people who are in prison kagaya
ng America, ganoon rin, the mafia,” he said.
“Itong dito sa Pilipinas, ‘yung galing dito. They do not really bother about… because in
the end, they can buy their freedom and go out,” he added.
The President, in his recent first-ever address to the United Nations General Assembly,
defended his anti-drug campaign from criticisms from human rights advocates. He said
some interest groups have weaponized human rights to discredit his government.
Duterte said the country would continue to protect the human rights of its people,
especially from the scourge of illegal drugs, criminality, and terrorism. He said he was
open to “constructive engagement” with the United Nations but only if there is
“objectivity, noninterference, non-selectivity, and genuine dialogue.”
Based on state records, the government’s war on drugs has left more than 5,000
suspects dead since it began in 2016. Many rights advocates here and abroad have
expressed concern over the alleged extrajudicial killings and other abuses in Duterte’s
anti-drug campaign.
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In his State of the Nation Address last July, the President asked Congress to pass a bill
imposing death penalty by lethal injection for drug-related crimes. Duterte said capital
punishment will help deter illegal drug trade, noting that operations by drug syndicates
are being “played inside the national penitentiaries.”

3. CYBERCRIME
'We are being hacked': PNP seeks P300M budget to counter cybercrime
Katrina Domingo, ABS-CBN News
Oct 01 2020 04:51 PM
MANILA - The Philippine National Police (PNP) on Thursday said it needs about P300
million to boost its anti-cybercrime division as incidents of online fraud increased during
the global pandemic, when a lot of people work, study and transact online to avoid
contracting COVID-19 outdoors.
While authorities have arrested some 252 individuals who either stole identities or
committed fraud online, the PNP's "cyberpatrol" efforts need to be improved, PNP chief
Gen. Camilo Cascolan said during a budget hearing in the Senate.
"We requested funds for the cybercrime development and capabilities in the amount of
P300 million," Cascolan told senators.
"To be frank with you, we are even being hacked by a lot of hackers," he said.
Cascolan did not give details about the hacking incidents, but said that there remains to
be a "lot of scammer and predators in the online world."
The number of phishing and donation scams rose in April, a month after Luzon was
placed on lockdown to curb the spread of COVID-19, the National Bureau of
Investigations (NBI) earlier said, without giving exact figures.
The number of reported online sexual exploitation of children in the Philippines
increased by at least 260 percent during the coronavirus lockdown, according to the
Department of Justice (DOJ).
Reported child sexual abuse online in PH up by over 260 pct during lockdown: DOJ
Sen. Ramon "Bong" Revilla, who raised the cybercrime issue during budget
deliberations in the Senate, said the chamber will try to augment to PNP's budget for its
online patrol units.
"This goes beyond cyber bullying. Online selling scam ang pinakanagaganap ngayon,"
Revilla said.
"We need to strengthen the capacity of the PNP by augmenting the budget to counter
cybercrime," he said.
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The PNP is batting for a P190.51-billion budget in 2021, 2 percent higher than its
current P187.32-billion funding.

4.MONEY LAUNDERING
Guidelines for anti-money laundering law sought to avoid ‘grey-list’
By: Neil Arwin Mercado - 7 hours ago
GREY LIST THREAT: Senate Minority Leader Franklin Drilon points at the regular
threats issued by the Financial Action Task Force to the Philippines on the issue of
compliance with anti-money laundering regulations during the virtual hearing of the
Committee on Banks, Financial Institutions, and Currencies, Wednesday, October 28,
2020. Screen grab/ Senate PRIB
MANILA, Philippines — Two senators on Wednesday asked the government to provide
the guidelines from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) with regards the needed
amendments for the Anti-Money Laundering Law.
During the hearing of the Senate committee on banks, financial institutions and
currencies, Senator Grace Poe sought clarification about the Philippines’ rate of
compliance to FATF’s recommended actions with regard to the country’s anti-money
laundering and counter-terrorism financing measures.
Poe asked this as fresh amendments are sought to the Philippines’ Anti-Money
Laundering Law amid threats of the country being placed under FATF’s “grey list” which
could have repercussions to the national economy.
In the website of the FATF, a country or jurisdiction placed under its “gray-list” means “it
has committed to resolve swiftly the identified strategic deficiencies within agreed
timeframes and is subject to increased monitoring.”
Any of the resource speakers present, particularly the AMLC, was not able to respond.
Senate Minority Leader Franklin Drilon backed Poe’s question, saying that the
government would usually get notices from the FATF regarding the matter.
Drilon was the Senate President when the original version of the country’s Anti-Money
Laundering Law was passed 20 years ago.
“Regularly, we would get notices from the FATF saying that unless you do these things,
you’ll be in the grey list and the threat of being in the grey list carries the threats on
making remittances of our OFWs more difficult, in other words the vulnerability of our
system to maintaining a good remittance system is being constantly put in issue,” Drilon
explained.
It was here that Drilon started questioning if the government has any documents to rely
on with regard to the country’s standing with the FATF.
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“As I repeat, we have constantly been threatened, I think it’s the right [term] for lack of
any — we have been threatened with sanctions. And we have constantly complied with
these advices,” Drilon said.
“My question is, ano pa ba ang dapat nating gawin, bakit regularly merong binibigay sa
atin na mga pangangailangan na gawin in order that we can be taken off the grey list. In
other words, do we see the light at the end of the tunnel when we are completely free
from these regular threats? What will it take, will this be the last time that this will
happen?” he added.
Poe echoed Drilon’s line of questioning, saying that the country’s Anti-Money
Laundering Law was just amended in 2017 or merely three years ago.
“Are these carry-over from previous evaluations? Are there new deficiencies. Because
before we craft another amendment, we should have these guidelines in place so that
we don’t have to keep updating the law,” Poe said.
“We just had one in 2017, we’re having one again now. So AMLC I’m surprised that you
didn’t respond immediately earlier regarding our question as Sen Drilon noted, we
usually receive notices,” she added.
Effect to economy, OFWs
In the same hearing, AMLC Secretariat Executive Director Mel Georgie Racela
explained that a country’s inclusion in the FATF’s grey-list due to deficient anti-money
laundering measures could lead to higher remittance cost for overseas Filipino workers
(OFWs).
Racela said that the Philippines has to demonstrate “tangible progress” to avoid being
grey-listed.
This includes the implementation of new laws and regulations in relation to anti-money
laundering and counter-terrorism financing.
“If we fail to demonstrate positive tangible progress, the Philippines will be placed in the
grey-list. This will have a negative impact on our country and the lives of Filipinos
working abroad, particularly overseas Filipino workers and their families,” Racela said.
“For OFWs, higher cost of remittance means less money for food, shelter, and
education and other basic necessities of their families,” he added.
Racela likewise said that higher remittance costs may also lead to a decline in inward
remittances and the country’s gross domestic product.
Being placed in the grey-list, Racela said, also has other implications such as follows:
Countries will impose enhanced due diligence on Filipino nationals and businesses
which means additional costs and delays in transactions;
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For Philippine businesses, this means higher interest rates and more expensive
production costs;
Investor and lender confidence may be reduced;
Timeline to achieve the “A” credit rating may be prolonged;
The Philippines will be included in the European Commission’s “EU List of High Risk
Third Jurisdictions”
“In such case, all EU members are mandated to impose enhanced due diligence on
Philippine nationals and businesses as well as prohibit persons implementing financial
instruments or budgetary guarantees from entering into new or renewed operations with
persons from the listed countries,” Racela said.
President Rodrigo Duterte earlier certified as urgent the bills that seek to strengthen the
country’s anti-money laundering law.

5. HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Filipina trafficking victim’s employers convicted in Malaysia
By Eimor Santos, CNN Philippine
Published Oct 10, 2020 12:05:47 PM
Metro Manila (CNN Philippines, October 10) — The Malaysian employers of a Filipina
human trafficking victim have been convicted in court in their homeland, the Philippines’
Department of Foreign Affairs has announced.
The Sessions Court in Malaysia found the employer couple guilty of violating the Anti-
Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Act, the DFA announced in a
statement on Friday.
The court reversed an initial decision that acquitted the employers and sentenced them
to 10 to 12 years of imprisonment. They were also ordered to pay the Filipina victim
RM20,000 (equivalent to around ₱232,976) in damages.
“The conviction is a big win for us during this pandemic and is the first victory for a
Filipina in Malaysia,” Foreign Affairs Undersecretary Sarah Lou Arriola said in the DFA
press statement.
The Filipina, whom the DFA did not name for security reasons, was found by a Filipino
couple in an abandoned lot after escaping her employers. She was brought to the
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Philippine Embassy in Kuala Lumpur, launching police investigations and a medico-
legal examination, and was later taken to a shelter for human trafficking victims.
The Filipina testified in court about her ordeal. After escaping a rape attempt from her
first employer, the Malaysian couple forced her to work in their house. “There she was
maltreated and subjected to cruel and abusive acts using a hanger, a flat iron, boiling
oil, to name a few,” the DFA said.
The Filipina flew back home to the Philippines in June 2018. She returned to Malaysia
in February 2019 to file a civil case against her employers, which remains pending.
There are over 620,000 Filipinos in Malaysia, according to government data. It is the
fourth country with the highest number of overseas Filipinos, next to the US, Saudi
Arabia, and Canada.

Completion Date:
Students shall complete and submit the outputs on October 30, 2020 (Friday).

MODULE 4: INTERPOL AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL LAW ENFORCEMENT

ORGANIZATIONS
Topics:
INTERPOL: Role and Structure
INTERPOL Notices and Its Objectives
INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB)-Manila (Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime)
The United Nations (UN) and Its Principal Organs
PNP Participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions
ASEANAPOL and EUROPOL: Objectives and Functions
Learning Outcomes:
By completing this module, the students will be able to:
· Learn the roles, functions, and structures of the different international law
enforcement organizations in combating crimes;
· Identify the INTERPOL Notice System;
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· Appreciate the creation of the INTERPOL NCB-Manila and the Philippine Center on
Transnational Crime; and
· Know the participation of the PNP in the UN peacekeeping missions.
Learning Activities/Assessment:
To complete this module successfully, the students must complete the following
learning activities:
1. State the roles, functions, and structure of the following international organizations:
Organizations Roles/Functions Structure
INTERPOL.
ROLES/ FUNCTION
- To support police and law enforcement agencies in its 186 member countries in their
efforts to prevent crime and conduct criminal investigations as efficiently and effectively
as possible.

STRUCTURE
-General Secretariat under the direction of a secretary general, who is appointed for a
five-year term by the General Assembly. The General Assembly, consisting of one
delegate from each member country, is Interpol's supreme decision-making body.

United Nations
ROLES/FUNCTION
-The main function of the United Nations is to preserve international peace and security.
Chapter 6 of the Charter provides for the pacific settlement of disputes, through the
intervention of the Security Council, by means such as negotiation, mediation,
arbitration, and judicial decisions.
STRUCTURE
-The United Nations (UN) has six main organs. Five of them — the General Assembly,
the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the
Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International
Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands.
ASEANAPOL
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ROLES/FUNCTION
-ASEANAPOL is tasked with preparing work plans to help in the implementation of the
annual ASEANAPOL resolutions, coordinate and collate intelligence and information,
support joint criminal investigations, and assist the rotating host country in preparing for
the annual conference and other meetings.
STRUCTURE

EUROPOL
ROLES/FUNCTION
-Europol is the European Union's law enforcement agency. Our main goal is to achieve
a safer Europe for the benefit of all the EU citizens. Headquartered in The Hague, the
Netherlands, we support the 27 EU Member States in their fight against terrorism,
cybercrime and other serious and organised forms of crime.
STRUCTURE
-Europol is headed by a Director, who is
Europol's legal representative and
appointed by the EU Council. Europol's
Management Board gives strategic
guidance and oversees the
implementation of Europol's tasks. It
comprises one high-ranking
representative from each EU country and
the European Commission.
2. Research on the creation of the Philippine Center on Transnational Crime housing
the INTERPOL NCB-Manila and discuss its mission and functions.
-INTERPOL is not a police force. It is the machinery for international police cooperation
and communication. The principles on which Interpol’s functioning is based have stood
the best time. It has become clear that the organization cannot have teams of detectives
with supranational powers who travel around investigating cases in different countries.
International police cooperation is the coordinated action of the member countries’
police forces, all of which supply and request information and services.
Mission-To serves as the office and main coordinating body for international police
cooperation against transnational crimes representing all law enforcement agencies in
the Philippines.
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Function-to support police and law enforcement agencies in its 186 member countries in
their efforts to prevent crime and conduct criminal investigations as efficiently and
effectively as possible.
3. What is an INTERPOL Notice? Give the objectives of the eight INTERPOL Notices
and download a sample copy of the Notices:
INTERPOL Notice-international requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in
member countries to share critical crime-related information. Notices are published by
the General Secretariat at the request of a National Central Bureau and are made
available to all our member countries.
a. INTERPOL Red Notice
- seek the location and arrest ofwanted persons
wanted for prosecution or to serve a sentence.

b. INTERPOL Blue Notice

-To collect additional information about a person’s identity, location or activities in
relation to a crime.
c. INTERPOL Green Notice
-To provide warning about a person’s criminal activities, where the person is considered
to be a possible threat to public safety.
d. INTERPOL Yellow Notice
-To help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are
unable to identify themselves.
e. INTERPOL Black Notice
-To seek information on unidentified bodies.
f. INTERPOL Orange Notice
-To warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing a serious and
imminent threat to public safety.
g. INTERPOL United Nations Special Notice
- Issued for groups and individuals who are the targets of UN Security Council
Sanctions Committees.
h. INTERPOL Purple Notice
-To seek or provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment
methods used by criminals.
4. What is peacekeeping as defined by the United Nations?
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-Peacekeeping has unique strengths, including legitimacy, burden sharing, and an
ability to deploy and sustain troops and police from around the globe, integrating them
with civilian peacekeepers to advance multidimensional mandates.
5. Submit one article (English version) showing the collaboration and coordination of
any police organization with the INTERPOL.
The Dawn of the modern era of international police cooperation
Concerted attempts by countries to tackle international criminal activity on the bilateral
or multilateral level are certainly not a novelty on the international scene as they have
taken place for thousands of years. 8 If we examine the modern period, the first bilateral
and informal agreements, specifically on matters of police cooperation, can be traced
back to Europe and the seventeenth century. 9 It is however in the nineteenth century
that police cooperation truly began to flourish, if only at the European regional level. 10
A brief chronological outline of the first attempts at cooperation is provided below.

The Treaty of Paris 1801 is one of the first examples of formal bilateral agreements on
matters of police cooperation. 11 With this treaty, Napoleon I of France and Alexander I
of Russia agreed to mutually engage in tackling the political dissidents inside their
respective jurisdictions.
Completion Date:

Students shall complete and submit the outputs on October 30, 2020 (Friday).

MODULE 5: MODEL POLICE SYSTEM

Topics:
Reasons for comparing police systems of different countries
Selected Police Models and Their Unique Police Strategy or Best Practice
Learning Outcomes:
By completing this module, the students will be able to:
· Determine the practical reasons for police systems comparison;
· Explore and analyze the unique police strategy and best practice of selected police
models; and
· Compare our system of policing to other countries.
Learning Activities/Assessment:
To complete this module successfully, the students must complete the following
learning activities:
1. Cite the practical reasons why we should compare the police system of different
countries.
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• to benefit from experience of others;
• to broaden our understanding of different cultures and approaches to problems; and
• To help us deal with the many transnational crime problems that plague our world
today.
2. Briefly identify the unique police strategy of the following selected countries:
Countries Police Strategy/Best Practice
Japan
-Japanese police officers rarely use guns and put much greater emphasis on martial
arts - all are expected to become a black belt in judo. They spend more time practising
kendo (fighting with bamboo swords) than learning how to use firearms.
Singapore
-The mission of the SPF is to prevent, deter and detect crime to ensure the safety and
security of Singapore.
Thailand
-The Royal Thai Police (RTP) (Thai: ตำรวจแห่งชาติ; RTGS: tamruat haeng chat) is the
national police force of Thailand. The RTP employs between 210,700 and 230,000
officers, roughly 17 percent of all civil servants (excluding the military and the
employees of state-owned enterprises).
China
-Law enforcement in China consists of an extensive public security system and a
variety of enforcement procedures used to maintain order in the country. Along with the
courts and procuratorates, the country's judicial and public security agencies include the
Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security, with their descending
hierarchy of departments, bureaus, subbureaus, and stations Hong Kong and Macau
have separate law enforcement agencies and work together with mainland agencies to
deal with crime between them.
Malaysia
-Law enforcement in Malaysia is performed by numerous law enforcement agencies
and generally comes under the direct purview of the Royal Malaysia Police, the main
government agency entrusted with the maintenance of law and order in the country.
Like many federal nations, the nature of the Constitution of Malaysia mandates law and
order as a subject of the state, therefore the bulk of the policing lies with the respective
states and territories of Malaysia.
Indonesia
-The police were formally separated from the military (“TNI”) in April 1999, a process
which was formally completed in July 2000.[1] The organization is now independent and
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is under the direct auspices of the President of Indonesia, while the Armed Forces is
under the Ministry of Defense.
South Korea
-the focus of South Korean community policing is on the interests of the police or
government themselves, not on public benefit, as it is said to be in America [21].
Modern-day experiences of colonization, military coup, and undemocratic regimes have
also instilled images of the South Korean police as a puppet of the oppressive central
governmen
Vietnam
-Ward police are a major determinant of risk for IDUs, required to participate in drug
control practices (especially meeting quotas for detention centres) which impede
support for harm reduction.
India
- It uses different strategies such as foot patrol and problem solving at the
neighborhood level. It has been practiced in India for a long time, for example during
festivals the police engages civil society organizations, individual volunteers for crowd
control and other activities like helping in communication and tracking missing people.

Australia
-The national response to the drug problem is an integrated one, involving law
enforcement, health, prevention, education and treatment services.the AFP's focus is
very much on prevention and partnerships with colleagues nationally and internationally.
3. Are any of the types of policing in the above countries similar to the
policing that exists in the Philippines? How are they similar? If not, what
type of policing strategy exists in the Philippines?
-Here in Philippines they Enforce the laws and ordinances relative to the protection of
lives and properties;. Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps to ensure
public safety;Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of criminal offenders,
bring offenders to justice and assist in their prosecution. Unlike the other countries like
that they made it or their own benefits and not on servicing their country.
4. Project: Except the countries above, select a country and compare its
system of policing to our country’s police (Philippine National Police) in
terms of the following: name of police organization, government agency,
motto, rank classification, uniform, salary, equipment capabilities, and
police strategy/best practice. (paper size: A4; font and size: Arial/12)
-
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Name of police organization:
( PPB) Portland Police Bureau
Name of Government agency:
Motto: "Keep Portland Weird"
Rank classification:Officer.
Nothing on lapel.
Sergeant.
Lieutenant. One bar on
collar points (shirt) or. epaulet
(jacket)
Captain. Two bars on
collar points (shirt) or. epaulet (jacket)
Commander. Oak leaves on collar points (shirt) or. ...
Assistant Chief. One star on collar points (shirt) or. ...
Chief of Police. Two stars on collar points (shirt) or.
Uniform:

Salary:.
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Equipment capabilities:Police strategy/best practice: -

PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN) — The Portland City Council is working to determine the best
practices for policing after wrapping up an hours-long meeting on Tuesday.The meeting
came as the city prepares for the upcoming bargaining negotiations with the Portland
Police Association.The Mayor’s Office released a statement on the work session saying
“it’s [the council’s] goal to draw on national best practices in police union contracts as a
guideline to help ensure a meaningful negotiation process that results in a contract that
serves the interest and welfare of the public and supports our officers. We will listen to
any and all information that can potentially help us achieve our goal.”City leaders
listened to a presentation on the national best practices in police union contracts from a
group called Campaign Zero. This group has collected police violence data across the
country over the pasts several years to find structural policies that reduce police
violence and police shootings.“This work session is an important opportunity to make
sure that the public and our officers are educated on what national best practices are,”
said Commissioner Jo Ann Hardesty. “As our city and community continue to change
and evolve I want to make sure that we are utilizing data and research to make
decisions that reflect 21st-century public safety and community policing principles.”
-Philippine Police
Name of police organization: (PNP) Philippine National Police
Name of Government agency:
Motto: to serve and to protect
Rank classification:Police Commissioned Officer ,Director General,Deputy Director
General
Director,Chief Superintendent ,Senior Superintendent,Superintendent,Chief
Inspector
Senior Inspector,Inspector,Police Non-Commissioned Officer,Senior Police Officer IV
Senior Police Officer III,Senior Police Officer II,Senior Police Officer I,Police Officer III
Police Officer II,Police Officer I.
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Uniform:

Salary:

Equipment capabilities:
PNP officers are equipped with
Beretta 92 and Glock pistols.
Their assault rifles used were
M16 and M4A1 rifles and were
used by SWAT Teams and the
Special Action Force (SAF).
Submachine guns used were
the MP5 and UMP45. Shotguns
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used are the Remington 870
and the Mossberg 590.
Recently, PNP have add the IWI
Masad from Israel.

Police strategy/best practice:

The Local Government to

enforce peace and order and
provide supportfor theeffective
enforcement of humanrights and
justice,resolving
and/ormediating conflict at the
barangay level through non-
adversarial means.Recourse to
this Barangay Justice System is
required,withsome specific
exceptions,asapre-condition
before filing acomplaint in
courtorany government offices.

Completion Date:
Students shall complete and submit the outputs on October 30, 2020 (Friday).
Note: Online written examination TBAL.

-endGod Bless and Good Luck!!!