IPT-365 2020 ENVIRONMENT Class-2 1

1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Ramsar Convention Stockholm
Convention on PoPs

1972 1982 1992 2002 2012

Stockholm Conference Nairobi declaration Earth Summit in Earth Summit in Earth Summ it in Rio de
Rio de Janeiro Johannesburg Janeiro
\\
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013
CITES UN appoints Brundtland Commission
\\\ Minamata convention

1974 1984 1994

~ \\ 2004 2014
1975 1985
Vienna Convention
1995
1st CoP of UNFCCC
0 2005 2015
Paris Agreement

1976

1977
1986\\ \_
1987 '
Brundtland report;
::/
» 1996

1997
Kyoto Protocol
2006

2007
2016
Kigal i amendment to
Montreal Protocol

2017
CoP-23 Bonn Germany
~ Montreal Protocol

'~ ~~
1978 1988 1998 2008 2018
Rotterdam CoP-24 Katowice Poland
convention

1979 1989 1999 2009 2019

Convention of Migratory Basel Convention on Transboundary CoP-25 Madrid under
Species; Movements of Hazardous Wastes Chilean Presidency
Convention on long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution

D..._ 1980 1990 2000

Cartagena protocol
2010
Nagoya protocol
2020
 1971
• Ramsar Convention
• For susta inable use of wetlands
• Only global Env. treaty that deals
with a particular ecosystem.
1972 (Sth June)
• UN Conference on Human
Environment.
• aka Stockholm Conference
• First declaration of inte rnational
protection of environment.
• Formed UNEP
1973
• CITES (Convention on
International Trade in Endangered
specie s of Wild flora and fauna)
• aka Washington Convention
• To control or prevent
international commercial trade in
Endangered species or products
derived f,r om them.
• Aim not to directly protect, but to
reduce economic incentive to
poaching by closing international
trade.
1981
1982
• Nairobi Declaration.
• To celebrate 10th anniversary of
Stockholm Conference.
• Envisaged creation oi a special
eommission for long 'term strategies.
• Declaration endorsed by UNEP in 1987
1983
• UN appoints World Commission on
Environment and Development
• later known as Bruncltland Commission
• In 1987 it released the report 'Our
Common Future'.
• Concept of 'Sustainable Development'
crystalized.
1991 2001. 2011
• Convention on POPs
• aka Stockholm convention
• POPs are organic pollutants
that are resistant to
environmental degradation
1992 2002. 2012
• United Nations Conference on Environment and • Earth Summit 2002 • United Nations Conferenc.e on
Development • aka Rio +10 Sustainable Development
• aka (Rio) Earth Summit • Johannesburg (South Africa) • aka Rio +20
• UNFCCC : (Secretariat in Bonn, Germany) • Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
To redueeemission of GHGs. No limits, no enforeement.
Rather, provided for updates (Kyoto protocol).
• CBD : (Secretariat in Montreal, Canada)
three main goals· {1) Conservation of biodiversity; (2)
Sustainable use of it's components; (3) Fair and
equitable sharing of benefits. Followed by Cartagena
(2000) and Na.goya (2010) protocols.
• UNCCD : {Secretariat in Bonn, Germany)
It is the only internationally legally binding framework to
address desertification. CoP-14 was held in 2019 in New
Delhi.
• Agenda 21 : take actions at all three leve ls to achieve
certain goals by 2021. later revised to 2030.
1993 2003 2013
• Minamata convention on mercury
• To protect humans and environment
against mercury emissions.
• Japane se city, Minamata, had faee.d
severe mercury poisoning.
• CoP-19 Warsaw {Poland)
• Warsaw Internat ional Mechanism for
loss and Damage.
• Rich countries liable for climate change
impact being faced by poor countdes.
1974 1984 1994 2004 2014
1975 1985 1995 2005 2015
• Vienna Convention for protection of • First CoP of UNFCCC held in Berlin, Germany • CoP-21 Paris (France)
ozone layer. • Paris Acreement
• Provided frameworks for reductions in • Countries' INOCs are not bindinc.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). • Loss & Damage included, but diluted.
• Became basis for further international
action to protect ozone layer.
1976 1986 2016
• Kigali amendment to Montreal protocol.
Kigali is in Rwanda
• After 19B7, HFCs replaced CFCs. But HFCs
are powerful GHG.
• India has to phase out HFC by 85% by
2047 over the 2024-20261evel

• CoP-22/CMA·l Marrakech (Morocco)

1977 1987 1997 2007 2017
• Brundtland report / Our Common • Kyoto protocol sicned under UN FCCC • CoP-23 Bonn (Germany), but chaired by
Future • World' s only lecally bindinc treaty to reduce GHG Fiji
emissions • Talanoa dialogue: Pacific concept of
• 1" commitment period: 2008-12 "Talanoa" - storytell ing that leads to
• Montreal Protocol on Ozone Oepletinc • 2"" commitment period: 2012-20 consensus building. In CoP it was used for
Substances NOC stock·taking.
• 1" universally ratified treaty in UN • Gender Action plan adopted which strives
history. for gender-responsive climate policy
• Phase out halogenated hydrocarbons equal representation for women at clobal
that contain chlorine or bromine climate meet
(substances containing only fluorine
don't harm ozone).
• All nations should not be treated
equally as some have contributed more
to ozone depletion.
• A nat,ion's obligation to reduce
emissions should reflect its
technological and financial ability to do
so.
 1978
1979
• CMS - Convention of Mi,gratory
Species.
• Cop-13 in Gandhinagar in
February 2020.
• Convention on long-Range
Transboundary Air Pollution.
• Focused on Europe.
• India not member.
1980
1988 1998 2008 2018
• Rotterdam e>onvention • CoP-24 Katowice (Poland)
• To e>ontrol internationa l trade of certain hazardous • Paris Agreement Work Programme was
chemicals finalized.
• Created 'Prior Informed Consent' procedure. • Practical implementation guidelines to
track progress and ensure that climate
;oction is tr!!Mp;ucnt.
1989 1999 2009 2019
• Basel Convention on the Control of • CoP-2S/CMA-2 Madrid (Spain ) under
Transboundary Movements of Presidency of Chile .
Hazardous Wastes • Adopted the "Chile Madrid Time for
• To reduce the movements of hazardous Actionn document.
waste !between n ations (especially • Urged to enhance NDCs.
developed to least developed) • Established Samtiago Network for tech
• Doesn't address movement of assistance to poor eountries under W IM
radioactive waste. for Loss & Damage.
• Did not finalize rules on Carbon Markets.
1990 2000 2020
• Cartagena protocol on biosafety to CBD • Nagoya protocol
• For safe handline, transport and use of Uving !Modified • fair a n d equitable sharinc of
Organism benefits arising out of the
• Established Advance Infor med Agreement procedure utiliza tion of genetic
• Established Biosafety Clearing House resources
Match the following:
CoP-03 1997 Warsaw International Mechanism
CoP-19 2013 Talanoa dialogue
CoP-21 2015 Kyoto Protocol
CoP-23 2017 Paris Agreement
Operating Mechanism of UN FCC (
• Conference of the Parties (COP):
o It is the supreme decision-making body of
the Convention.
ttittttttttf
o

o
All States that are Parties to Convention are
represented at COP.
It meets every year, unless the Parties decide
itittttttttt ~

otherwise.
ttittittit
• Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (CMP) :
o It oversees implementation of Kyoto Protocol
itittittitii Observers

and takes decisions to promote its effective

implementation.
ttittittit••
o All States that are Parties to the Kyoto
Protocol are represented at the CMP, while
States that are not Parties participate as
iiiiiitiiiii Observers

observers.
Match the following operating mechanisms of UN FCCC:
• Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting
of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA): 1. CoP Parties to Paris@greement
o It oversees the implementation of the Paris
Agreement and takes decisions to promote its 2. c~ Main decision making body
effective implementation.
3. eM@ Parties to Kyoto@rotocol
o All States that are Parties to the Paris
Agreement are represented at the CMA, while 1995: COP 1, Berlin, Germany
States that are not Parties participate as 2005: COP 11/CMP 1, Montreal, Canada
observers. 2016: COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1, Marrakech, Morocco
 CDM under Kyoto Protocol:
• Industrialized countries can meet emission reduction targets
by buying Certified Emission Reduction units from emission
reduction projects in developing countries.
• Costs of emission reduction is lower in developing countries
To make Carbon than in industrialized countries.
Market:
• set emission limit Kyoto Protocol : Clean Development Mechanism (COM )
• enable trading of Paris Agreement : Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM)
emission units
• COM had many flaws.
• CoP-25 couldn't finalize SDM as they are yet to agree on how
to prevent COM flaws in SDM.
 Global Environment Adaptation Fund Green Climate
Facility Fund
Foundation 1992 2001 2010
Earth Summit, Rio (Brazil) CoP-7 Marrakech (Morocco) CoP-16 Cancun (Mexico)
Under Kyoto Protocol Under UNFCCC
(UNFCCC)
HQ Washington DC, USA Washington DC, USA lncheon, South Korea
Trustee World Bank World Bank World Bank,
but temporary (2010-2023)
Purpose/ To help developing countries To help developing To help developing
Focus area meet the objectives of countries build resilience countries reduce their GHG
international environmenta I and adaptto climate emissions.
conventions and agreements. cha
Other info UNFCCC Gets 2% of carbon credits Serves Paris agreement
• Special Climate Change Fund under COM of Kyoto
(2001) protocol
• Least Developed Countries
Fund (2001)
CBD
UNCCD
Stockholm Convention on POPs
Minamata Convention on
Mercury.

Please Subscribe my YouTube channel

Press the bell icon and never miss any update