CHAPTER 1: NATURE OF MATHEMATICS

1.2. THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

Sequence- is an ordered list of numbers, called terms that may have repeated values. The
arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.

Example: Generating Sequence

Analyze the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.

a. 1,10,100,1000,______,_________,________
Looking at the set, it can be observe that each term is a power of 10:
1=100, 10= 101, 100=102, 1000=103 therefore; 104=10,000, 105=100,000, 106=1,000,000

b. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20,________,_________,________
The difference of every succeeding number is progressively increasing, that is 5-2=3,
9-5=4, 14-9=5, 20-14=6 therefore, the succeeding terms are; 20+7=27, 27+8=35,
35+9=44

Fibonacci Sequence -The Fibonacci sequence is a set of numbers that starts with a one or a zero,
followed by a one, and proceeds based on the rule that each number (called a Fibonacci number) is
equal to the sum of the preceding two numbers. If the Fibonacci sequence is denoted F (n),
where n is the first term in the sequence, the following equation obtains for n = 0, where the first
two terms are defined as 0 and 1 by convention:

F (0) = 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 ...

F(0)=0,
F(1)=1
F(2)=1
F(3)=2 and so on
The Fibonacci sequence is named for Leonardo Pisano (also known as Leonardo Pisano or Fibonacci),
an Italian mathematician who lived from 1170 - 1250. Fibonacci used the arithmetic series to
illustrate a problem based on a pair of breeding rabbits:

Fibonacci numbers are of interest to biologists and physicists because they are frequently observed
in various natural objects and phenomena. The branching patterns in trees and leaves, for example,
and the distribution of seeds in a raspberry are based on Fibonacci numbers.
A Sanskrit grammarian, Pingala, is credited with the first mention of the sequence of numbers,
sometime between the fifth century B.C. and the second or third century A.D. Since Fibonacci
introduced the series to Western civilization, it has had a high profile from time to time. In The Da
Vinci Code, for example, the Fibonacci sequence is part of an important clue. Another application,
the Fibonacci poem, is a verse in which the progression of syllable numbers per line follows
Fibonacci's pattern. (Source: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Fibonacci-
sequence#:~:text=The%20Fibonacci%20sequence%20is%20a,of%20the%20preceding%20two%20nu
mbers.&text=F%20(0)%20%3D%200%2C,%2C%2021%2C%2034%20...)

The Golden Ratio (also called phi)

The golden Ratio can be expressed as the ratio between two numbers, if the latter is also the ratio
between the sum and the larger of the two numbers. Geometrically, it can also be visualized as a
rectangle perfectly formed by a square and another rectangle, which can be repeated infinitely
inside each section.

The Fibonacci sequence is related to the golden ratio, a proportion (roughly 1:1.618) that occurs
frequently throughout the natural world and is applied across many areas of human endeavor. Both
the Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio are used to guide design for architecture, websites and
user interfaces, among other things.

Exercise 1.2.1

1. Find Fib(8).
2. Find Fib (19)
3. If Fib(22)=17711 and Fib (24)=46,368, What is Fib(23)?
4. Evaluate the following sums.
a. Fib(1) + Fib (2)=
b. Fib (1) +Fib(2) + Fib(3)=
c. Fib(1)+Fib(2)+Fib(3)+Fib(4)=
5. Determine the pattern in the successive sums from the previous question. What
will be the sum of Fib(1) + Fib (2)…….+Fib(10)?
Exercise 1.2.2.

Name:(Last Name, First Name, Middle Initial)

Course / Year / Section:

Assignment 1.3: The Golden Ratio and the Human Body

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Measure the following (in inches):

a. distance from the ground to your
belly button
b. distance from your belly button
to the top of your head
c. distance from the ground to your
knees
d. distances A, B and C
e. length of your hand
f. distance from your wrist to your
elbow

2. Now calculate the following ratios:

a. Distance from the ground to your belly button /
Distance from your belly button to the top of your
head
b. Distance from the ground to your belly button /
Distance from the ground to your knees
c. Distance C / Distance B
d. Distance B / Distance A
e. Distance from your wrist to your elbow / Length of
your hand

3. Write your results on the following table.

Ratio 1 Ratio 2 Ratio 3 Ratio 4 Ratio 5

4. What can you now say about the Golden Ratio by
calculating the quotients/ratios?
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Source: https://nrich.maths.org/7668