 Another UV absorber is rutile titanium oxide which is effective in the 300-400 nm range

but is not very useful in the very short wavelength UVB range below 315.
 Hydroxybenzophenone and hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole are also well known UV
stabilizers that have the advantage of being suitable for neutral or transparent
applications.
 Hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole is not very useful in thin parts below 100 microns.
 Other UV absorbers include oxanilides for polyamides, benzophenones for PVC and
benzotriazoles and hydroxyphenyltriazines for polycarbonate.
UV absorbers have the benefit of low cost but may be useful only for short-term
exposure.

2) Quenchers
Quenchers return excited states of the chromophores to ground states by an energy transfer
process. The energy transfer agent functions by quenching the excited state of a carbonyl group
formed during the photo-oxidation of a plastic material and through the decomposition of
hydroperoxides. This prevents bond cleavage and ultimately the formation of free radicals.
 Nickel quenchers are a common type used in agricultural film production. These are
not widely used as they contain heavy metal and contribute tan or green colors to
the final product. Nickel quenchers are not as effective as the Hindered Amine Light
Stabilizers discussed next.

3) Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS)

HALS are long-term thermal stabilizers that act by trapping free radicals formed during the
photo-oxidation of a plastic material and thus limiting the photodegradation process. The
ability of Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers to scavenge radicals created by UV absorption is
explained by the formation of nitroxyl radicals through a process known as the Denisov Cycle.
Although there are wide structural differences in the HALS products commercially available,
all share the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine ring structure. HALS are some of the most
proficient UV stabilizers for a wide range of plastics. For example, HALS has enabled the
growth of polypropylene in the automotive industry. While HALS are also very effective
in polyolefin, polyethylene and polyurethane they are not useful in PVC.

As all three function by different mechanisms, they are often combined into synergistic UV
absorbing additives. For example, benzotriazoles are often combined with HALS to protect
pigmented systems from fading and color changes.

Reference: Craftech Industries Blog.