B.

ARCH, SEMESTER II, 2022

AR 207 : Theory of Design
Unit 3

PROPERTIES OF FORM
Lecture No. 4

Ar. Anjali Gupta

Assistant Professor, School of Architecture
 Outlines
• Meaning of form
• Properties of form
• Shape
• Regular & Irregular Forms
• Transformation of Forms
• Determinants of Architectural form
• Learning Outcomes
• Student Effective Learning Outcome
• References
SHAPE

SIZE COLOUR ORIENTA

TION

TEXTURE POSITION

VISUAL
INERTIA
 PROPERTIES OF FORM
SHAPE
The outline of the form.
Form geometry we know the regular shapes to be the circle, and the
infinite series of regular polygons that can be inscribed within it.
PRIMARY SHAPE
Circle represent self centring in its
environment.

Triangle signifies stability.

PRIMARY SHAPE
Square represents the pure and the
rational.

Spirals are expressions of creativity

PRIMARY SOLID
 Make a discussion about the following
PRIMARY SOLID buildings, using primary solids.
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS
 SIZE/MASS
Mass combines with shape to define form. Mass refers to the size or
physical bulk of a building, and can be understood as the actual size,
or size relative to context. This is where scale comes into play in our
perception of mass.
SCALE
Scale is not the same as size, but refers to relative size as perceived
by the viewer. "Whenever the word scale is being used, something is
being compared with something else."
 PROPORTION
In general, proportion in architecture refers to the relationship of one
part to the other parts, and to the whole building. Numerous
architectural proportioning systems have developed over time and in
diverse cultures,
PROPORTION
Since Antiquity, architects have devised proportioning systems to
visually unify all the parts of a building through the same set of
proportions.

ARITHMETIC GEOMETRIC HARMONIC

 RHYTHM TEXTURE AND COLOUR
Both texture and colour are
The reoccurrence or inherently linked to
repetition of architectural materials, and can be used
elements, shapes, structural ARTICULATION to alter the perception of any
bays, windows, etc. given form.
establishes a rhythm, which
may be regular or complex. The treatment of edges,
corners, surface articulation
of windows (horizontal,
vertical, static field), and the
visual weight of a building
all contribute to the
articulation of the form.
 RHYTHM
The reoccurrence or
repetition of architectural
elements, shapes, structural
bays, windows, etc.
establishes a rhythm, which
may be regular or complex.
ARTICULATION
The treatment of edges,
corners, surface articulation
of windows (horizontal,
vertical, static field), and the
visual weight of a building
all contribute to the
articulation of the form.
TEXTURE AND COLOU
Both texture and color are
inherently linked to
materials, and can be used
to alter the perception of any
given form.
 Learning Outcomes

Forms
 References

1. DESIGN METHODS AND PROCESS – chp 2

2. THE DESIGN PROCESS IN ARCHITECTURE

A PEDAGOGIC APPROACH USING INTERACTIVE THINKING BY
AMIR SAEID M. MAHMOODI
SELO

3. Critical & innovative thinking skills.

20. Ability to be a lifelong self learner.