Basic Fire

Safety
learning “e_Z_² A[½Z -
eaU_² A[½Z”
Fire Service
Week-2020
Fire Services
Ahmedabad
 Defination of Fire

Fire is a chemical chain reaction required Oxygen (air), Fuel &

Temperature which produces Heat, Light & Smoke. Three essential
elements:
A Combustible substance i.e. Fuel
Oxygen (air)
Ignition temperature

One face of the triangle represents temperature, second fuel and

third represents the phenomenon of oxygen supply

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 Classification of Fire

Based on the Indian Standard (IS: 2190), and OISD Standard, fires
are classified into four classes
Class A: Fires involve ordinary solid combustible materials: wood,
paper and cloth
Class B: Fires involve flammable and combustible liquids such as
diesel, petrol, kerosene, etc
Class C: Fires involve flammable gases under pressure
Class D: Fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium,
aluminum, titanium and zirconium

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 Classification of Incident

Classification of Incidents: As per Office Order No. DLH/Dir (Onshore)

/Office/16/09 Dated 25th August, 2009, Fire incidents classified into
Major Incident:
Injury causing permanent Loss of Body Part or Permanent
Disability or Loss of more than 500 Man-Hours.
Loss of Property >` 5.00 lakhs
Incident resulting in shut down of Plant/Installation/Rig
Blow out/Explosion
Fire more than 15 minutes duration or fire with any of the
above outcome
Minor Incident: Any incident not falling under any of the categories of
major incident

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 Fire Extinguishment

For the purpose of extinguishing fires, one or more elements of the fire
triangle namely fuel, source of ignition, and oxygen (air) are required to be
limited or eliminated for stopping the combustion process.
Starvation - Elimination of fuel
Smothering - Limitation of Oxygen
Cooling - Removal of temperature (Ignition Source)

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 Extinguishing Media

Water :
Water is the most commonly used and readily available
Used in portable fire extinguishers, fixed System & Fire Tenders

Absorb heat (latent heat of vaporization is very high) which

cools the burning materials below its ignition temperature

Foam (AFFF) :
Foam solution used for special applications on flammable liquid
fires
Used in portable fire extinguishers, fixed System & Fire Tenders
Water mixes with a specific proportion of foam concentrate
creates the foam solution which forms blanket on fire and
restrict supply of Oxygen into the burning surface

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 Extinguishing Media

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) :

Dry Chemical powders are finely divided powders of limited
particle size range which are based on combinations of several
chemical compounds. These are available in two categories, both
of them function primarily by interrupting the chemical chain
reaction.
Type of Powder:
Potassium carbonate and urea based provide the most rapid
knock down potential of flammable liquid fire in its incipient
stage and most suitable for Class B & C type fire
Mono - ammonium phosphate base which allows the agent
to adhere to surface, that is why they are good on class A
fires. But it is also effective for B & C type fire.

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 Extinguishing Media

Carbon – Di oxide (CO2) :

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gaseous fire control agent that is stored

under pressure as a liquid. It is rated for Class B and C fires. The
major advantage of carbon dioxide is that it is non-conducting

The main disadvantage of carbon dioxide is that it can create oxygen

deficient environment in an enclosure where it has been used thus
posing a significant risk to working personnel

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 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

DCP Extinguisher (9, 4, 2 Kg Capacity)

Take out extinguisher from the bracket/cabinet

Pull or Remove Safety Pin

Aim extinguisher at the base of the Fire

Press the Squeeze grip operating lever for 2 seconds &

release. Again press it continuously directing the DCP on
base of flame in sweeping action.

For stored pressure type fire extinguisher, take out the

safety pin squeeze the operating lever and aim at the base
of fire

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 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Carbon Di – Oxide (2, 3.2, 4.5, 6.8, 9 & 13 Kg)

Take out extinguisher from the bracket/cabinet or move the

extinguisher on wheels.

Hold the handle firmly and transfer the extinguisher to fire

spot

Pull or remove safety pin if present

Hold the discharge horn firmly

Open the cylinder valve in anticlockwise direction or press

the squeeze grip lever

Directly charge CO2 on base of flame in sweeping action

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 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Trolley Mounted Mechanical Foam (50, 75 Ltrṣ Capacity)

Carry the extinguisher near the fire and place at a safe
distance of 5-6 mtrs. from the seat of fire
Unroll the delivery hose
Aim extinguisher on the opposite side wall of burning
liquid container OR
Aim extinguisher such a way that Foam should gently flow
over burning liquid
Strike the plunger with Palm
During striking keep your face away from extinguisher
Directly discharge gently on to the burning liquid

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 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

Trolley Mounted DCP Fire Extinguisher (25,50, 75 Kg Capacity)

Carry the extinguisher near the fire and place at a safe

distance of 5-6 mtrs. from the seat of fire

Unroll the delivery hose

Open the CO2 cylinder valve

Squeeze the nozzle and direct the jet of powder on

the fire in sweeping motion.

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 Deployment of Fire Extinguisher

Fire extinguisher would be effective, once the following conditions

met:

The extinguisher must be right for the type of fire

It must be located where it can be easily reached
It must be in good working order
The fire must be noticed while it is still small
The person using the extinguisher must be trained to use it
properly
If any abnormality found, then intimate Fire Station immediately

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A{½Ze_Z godm gßVmh-2020
“e_Z_² A[½Z - eaU_² A[½Z”
“AmAmo ~Zm`o,
A[½Z XwK©Q Zm _wº g_mO”
g~b gOJ gX¡d !