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1. A major role of lipids is what?

Muscle contraction
Phosphorylation of DNA
Structure of phospholipids
Structure of membranes

2. Carbon atoms usually form how many covalent bonds?

2
4
6
8

3. An amino acid is a molecule with what functional groups?

An amine and hydrochloric aci
A hydroxyl and an amin
A protein and a polypeptid
A carboxyl and an amin

4. Cell membranes are primarily made of

DN
protein.
polysaccharides.
lipids.

5. A biopolymer is a
type of allosteric interaction.
large collection of biomolecules within the cell.
biological molecule made up of many smaller molecules linked together.
lipid bilayer

6. Carbohydrates contain what three elements?

Carbon, hydrogen, and rategen
Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon
Oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
CHNOPS

7. The 20 major amino acids are typically classified into what three groups?
nonpolar, uncharged polar, and charged
hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and hydroponic
Acidic, basic, and aromatic
Side chains, linear, and circular

8. Most biological membranes are made from what?

single-chain phospholipids
Two-chain phospholipids
Three-chain phospholipids
Four-chain phospholipids

9. Which statement is true?

Lipid bilayers can self-assembl
cholesterol blocks self-assembly.
Micelles cannot self-assembl
Large hydrophobic proteins stimulate self-assembly.

10. What are the major forces that hold membranes together?
phospholipid stacking and induced dipoles
hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions
Dispersion forces and hydrogen bonds
hydrophobic interactions and dispersion forces

11. When a membrane protein folds into its native state,

All of the polar amino acid side chains are remove
Nonpolar side chains are on the inside, away from the aqueous environment.
Hydrophobic portions of the molecule will be on the outsid
The protein will denature rapidly

12. A beta sheet is

A common tertiary structure in proteins.
Two polypeptide strands with their backbones hydrogen bonded together.
A thin covering on the outside of the cell wall in some organisms.
A common secondary structure in membranes.
A series of flat aromatic molecules connected side to sid`

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13.Which type of solution will cause cells to swell, or even to burst?“
isotonic solution
hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
hydrotonic solution

14.Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport

proteins bind to molecules irreversibly
transports molecules down the concentration gradient
transports molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side
transports molecules through the membrane much faster than simple diffusion

15.Donnan-Gibbs effect tends to cause

water to flow into the cell
water to flow out of the cell
stabilization of lipid bilayer
destabilization of lipid bilayer

16. A 10% sugar solution will contain

0.1 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water
1 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water
10.0 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water
100.0grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water

17.A change in the shape of a biomolecule is called a

conformational transition
topological transition
phase transition
configurational alignment

18.Which has the largest influence on stabilizing protein structure?

Zwitterions
Hydrophilic dipoles
Hydrophobic forces
Hydrogen bonds

19.Peripheral membrane proteins interact with lipid membrane via

phospholipid anchor
ionic interaction
covalent bonds with phospholipids
hydrophobic interactions

20.Rate of diffusion is inverse proportional of

Diffusion coefficient
Concentration gradient
Distance
Temperature

21.If permeability increases, diffusion coefficient

Increases
increases significantly
decreases
not changes

22.Water movement across the membrane is

Simple diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Diffusion driven by membrane potential

23.Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to diffusion?

Diffusion continues even after the molecules are distributed equally.
Diffusion is a physical process.
Diffusion is a passive process.
Molecules move from higher to lower concentration

24.Which of the following transport processes will form a vesicle?

Diffusion
Osmosis
Phagocytosis
active transport

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25.Passive transport refers to
cells floating passively in solution
small molecules diffusing against concentration gradient
transport through a membrane that does not require a transport protein
ions passing through a tunnel created by a transport protein.

26.Where does the energy come from for primary active transport?
Ionic currents
ATP
Temperature gradient
Concentration gradient

27.Where does the energy come from for secondary active transport?
Ionic currents
ATP
Temperature gradient
Concentration gradient

28.Which statement is most true?

The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport membran
The sodium-potassium pump is a protein.
The sodium-potassium pump is an ion channel.
The sodium-potassium pump is a passive transport protein.

29.Secondary active transport is called secondary because its source of energy is

an ionic current that was generated by a gated ion channel.
a temperature gradient that was generated by a primary active transport
the second of three pyrophosphate bonds in ATP.
a concentration gradient that was generated by a primary active transport.

30.The sodium-Potassium pump, a membrane transport protein that moves three Na+ ions out of cell for
two K+ ion that it moves in is a/an
inefficient use of sodium
secondary active transport
primary active transport
passive ion channel

31.Upon observation of an electron micrograph, a scientist noted a large number of mitochondria near a
plasma membrane within a particular cell. The scientist would probably hypothesize that the cell used
energy for
Diffusion
Osmosis
facilitated transport
active transport
32.Cotransporters and exchangers are:
Facilitated transporter proteins
Active transport membrane proteins
Secondary active transport proteins
Ion channels

33.Symport is an example of
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Voltage gated ion channel
Secondary active transport

34.Which one is NOT True

Active transport creates concentration gradient of any given substrate
Passive transport utilizes ATP energy
Active transport protein transports substrate against concentration gradient
Facilitated Diffusion needs presence of concentration gradient

35. Sodium Ion channels activated during the nerve impulse propagation are
ligand gated
voltage gated
mechanically gated
activated by internal mediator

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36. A typical neuron has a resting membrane potential of about:
+70 mV
+70 V
-70 mV
- 70 V

37. Which of the following is (ar directly responsible for the generation of the resting membrane
potential?
Ionic gradients across the plasma membrane
Permeability of the plasma membrane to various ions
The Na+/K+ ATPase
a and b

38. A neuron
is the basic unit of the nervous system.
is a nerve cell.
may communicate with other neurons via chemical signals.
is described by all of the abov
39. Threshold stimuli are those which are strong enough to
repolarize the neuron membran
cause a net flux of positively charged ions from inside to outside the cell.
cause a net flux of positively charged ions from outside to inside the cell.
close potassium channels to the point that an action potential is initiate

40. Which of the following statements concerning the propagation of action potentials is NOT correct?
"During conduction of an action potential, current flows from the active area of the membrane to the
adjacent inactive area, thereby decreasing the potential in the inactive area to threshol"
Action potential propagation is faster in myelinated fibers than in unmyelinated ones.
Action potential propagation is faster in large-diameter fibers than in small-diameter ones.
Action potential propagation is faster for strong stimuli than for weaker stimuli.

41. Membrane potential is equal of -70 mV, K+ ion equilibrium potential is equal of -90 mV,
electrochemical driving force of K+ will be equal of
-20 mV
+ 20 mV
-160 mV
+ 160 mV

42. Equation for calculating of equilibrium potential is

Nernst equation
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
Fick's equation
Van't Hoff's equation

43. Equation for calculating of membrane potential is

Nernst equation
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation
Fick's equation
Van't Hoff's equation

44. At the peak of action potential

Na+ channels are activating, K+ channels - inactivated
Na+ channels are inactivating, K+ channels are activating.
Na+ and K+ channels are activating,
Na+ and K+ channels are deactivating

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45. What is the name of thick myofilaments?
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

46. What is the name of structure that stores calcium ions in muscle cell?
Sarcoplasm
Sarcomere
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Fascicle

47. Functional element of a muscle cell is

Sarcoplasm
Sarcomere
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Fascicle

48. All of the following are filamentous proteins EXCEPT

Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

49. Which of the following best describes the role of Ca2+ in muscle contraction?
It binds to tropomyosin, moving troponin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin.
It binds to tropomyosin, moving troponin, so that actin heads can bind to myosin.
It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that myosin heads can bind to actin.
It binds to troponin, moving tropomyosin, so that actin heads can bind to myosin.

50. A bundle of muscle fibers is

Actin
Myosin
Fascicle
Sarcomere

51. Connective tissue that covers individual myofiber is

Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
tendon

52. Select correct combination

Z band, M band, A disk, H disk, I disk
Z band, M disk, A disk, H band, I disk
Z disk, M disk, A disk, H band, I band
Z disk, M disk, A band, H band, I band

53. Select the protein with highest molecular weight

Cap-Z
Nebulin
Troponin
Titin

54. Action potential travels to

Sarcomere
Fascicle
T-tubulus
Endomysium

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55. When pressure of liquid increases, what happens with flow velocity?
Increases
Decreases
Becomes variable
Neither is correct

56. Archimedes principle says that The buoyant force is equal

to the weight of the object
to the mass of the fluid displaced
to the weight of the fluid displaced
to the gravitational force of the fluid

57. The hydraulic lift uses principle of

Bernoulli’s
Pascal’s
Archimede’s
Aerodynamics

58. Bug is able to walk on the surface of water because which of the following
Capillary action
Surface tension
Liquid viscosity
Liquid density

59. Which of the following is true about water

Water molecules are interacting with each other
Oxygen end of a molecule is slightly negative
Hydrogen end of a molecule is slightly positive
All above is true
All above is false

60. Which of this terms best describes amount of liquid that’s passing some point at any given time?
A flow rate
Total flow
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
73. Identify the property of water that allows a water strider insect to walk on the water.
Surface Tension
Polarity
Capillary Action
Specific Heat
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74. Average blood pressure varies in limits between of:
80-100 torr
40-120 torr
0-100 torr
0-40 torr

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61. The gradient of the force-extension graph tells us:
the force applied;
the spring constant;
the energy contained in the spring;
the extension

62. The energy contained in a spring is represented by:

the gradient of the force-extension graph;
the gradient of the extension-force graph;
the intercept of the extension-force graph
the area under the force-extension graph.

63. Elastin can be found in _____.

skin
f.lungs
g.blood veins
h.all of these

64. Epithelial cells are strengthened by

An Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Actin and myosin fibers
None of them
All of them

65. Choose properties of liquid from listed below:

Definite volume and shape
Definite volume, no definite shape
No definite volume, definite shape
No definite volume and shape
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66. If every particle of the fluid has irregular flow, then the flow is said to be
laminar flow
turbulent flow
fluid flow
both a and b
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67. The simplified equation of continuity is represented as
A1v1 = A2v2
A1v2 = A2v2
A1v1 = A1v2
A1v1 = A2v1

68. Choose the correct statement.

For an artery and vein of the same diameter, the vein has a thicker wall.
Veins contain valves and arteries do not
Blood pressure is lower in arteries than in veins.
When empty, an artery is more likely to be collapsed than a vein.

69. Blood going to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries contains a high concentration of ______ and
a low concentration of ______.
oxygen; hemoglobin
carbon dioxide; oxygen
oxygen; carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide; hemoglobin

70. When taking blood pressure using auscultation method, we:

measure the pressure of the blood pushing against the wall of the artery.
listen for the turbulent blood flow in the artery
measure the speed at which the blood is flowing through the artery
listen for the laminar blood flow in the artery

71. Blood is moved through the vascular system by

valves in the walls of the blood vessels
peristalsis caused by the smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls
pressure gradients created by the heart
osmotic pressure

72. Friction between the blood and vessel walls

decreases blood pressure
causes peripheral resistance
increases blood flow
increases as blood viscosity decreases

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75. Periodic motion is a motion in which
An object falls
An object moves with constant velocity
An object moves with constant acceleration
An object returns to its initial position at some later time

76. In a transverse wave, the motion of the particles is _____ the wave's direction of propagation.
along
perpendicular to
opposite from
parallel to
77. Pendulum frequency is equal of 0.5 hertz, Find it’s period
2 sec
4 sec
1/2 sec
1/4 sec

78. A force which causes an oscillating system to slow down is called a

Restoring force
Driving force
Damping force
None of the above

79. How are frequency and period related in simple harmonic motion
Directly related
Inversely related
Their sum is constant
Their ratio is constant

80. A decibel is:

A unit of measure used only for sound measurements
A logarithmic unit that describes a ratio of two measurements
A logarithmic unit that describes the product of two measurements
None of the above

81. An oscillation is harmonic if

The oscillation has a constant period
The restoring force varies with sin x
The restoring force varies with x
The restoring force varies with x2

82. The purpose of ultrasound gel is?

Improve your image
Improve probe contact
Provide a medium for sound transmission
All of the Above

83. Regarding the frequency of ultrasound waves in tissues. Which is correct?

Lower frequency waves are best for viewing fine detail
Increasing frequency will improve tissue penetration
wavelength is direct proportional to velocity
Increasing frequency will increase velocity of the sound wave

84. Resonance occurs in a system with no damping when

The amplitude remains constant
The frequency of the driving force is the same as the natural frequency of the system
The driving force is constant
The driving force increases exponentially

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85. A Conductor is placed into an Electric fiel Electric field inside the conductor is:
Higher than outside
Lower than outside
Electric fields are equal
There is no electric field in conductor

86. Piece of Amber rubbed on a wool becomes negatively charged because:

Some Negative charge was created
Some Positive charge was eliminated
Some Positive charge transfers to wool
Some Negative charge transfers to amber

87. Select correct answer

Protons have negative charge
Nuclei has no charge
Electrons have negative charge
Charge of proton and neutron are equal

88. Electric field of positively charged particle

Attracts negative charge
Attracts positive charge
Repels negative charge
Ignores all charges

89. Power of electric force depends on

Amount of charge of objects and distance between them
Amount of energy of charges and distance between them
Amount of charge and energy
Number of charged objects

90. Driving force of electric current is

Resistance difference
Voltage difference
Tilt angle of conductor
Capacity of circuit

91. Water becomes conductor of electric current with addition of some

Sugar
Oil
Salt
Sand

92. Current in circuit is equal the voltage divided on resistanc This is

Amper’s law
Ohm’s law
Volta’s Law
Coulomb’s law

93. Unit of measurement of electric current

Volt
Ohm
Amper
Watt

94. Closed path around which electric current flows is

Battery
Wire
Circuit
Electricity

14.
95. Which one is not an ionizing radiation?
x-ray
-ray
UV radiation
Blue light

96. What requirement needs to be met before a medium can begin to 'lase'?
Population inversion
Equal density of states
Threshold voltage
100% slope efficiency

97. Which one has highest energy of photon?

Light of Red Supergiant star
X-rays
Z-rays of death
UV radiation

98. Luminescence is spontaneous emission of light by a substanc It’s a form of _________ radiation
Hot-body
Cold-body
Soft-body
Stressed-body

99. What does LASER stand for?

Latent Absorption of Specified Emission Radons
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Light Absorption by Simulated Emission of Radiation
Latent Amplification of Stimulated and Elliptical Radicals

100. Laser light has many features different to ordinary incandescent light. Which of these is NOT one of
them?
Coherent
Diffuse
Monochromatic
Intensely focused

101. Luminescence may be caused by _________, electrical energy, subatomic motion, or mechanical
stress on a crystal.
Nitrogen depletion
Chemistry
Hydrogen ignition
Chemical reaction.

102. What do you call an atom whose electrons have reached a higher energy state?
Radioactive atom
Energized state atom
Excited state atom
Lasing atom

103. What particle plays the major role in the process of lasing?
Krypton
Proton
Electron
Neutron

104. Triplet excited state of an atom leads to

Molecular fluorescence
Resonance fluorescence
Phosphorescence

105. What type of electromagnetic waves cause sunburns?

Radio waves
Microwaves
Visible light
Ultraviolet

106. The atomic line spectra of elements provides evidence for the existence of
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
Quantized energy states within nuclei
Quantized energy states within atoms

107. The wavelength of the laser light is a direct relationship with what feature of the medium?
It has nothing to do with the medium
The density of excited state atoms
The energy gap between the excited state and ground state
The amount of energy levels in the lasing process

108. Singlet excited state of an atom leads to

Molecular fluorescence
Resonance fluorescence
Phosphorescence