Standard Work Combination Sheet

Overview
The standard work combination sheet shows the combination of manual and machine work
for one person.

Additionally, standard work combination sheets graphically display the different types of time
including manual, automatic, walking, waiting, and takt time.

And finally, the standard work combination sheet allows you to efficiently re-combine work
with changes in demand, processes, or available time.

Creating a SWC Sheet

The top portion of the sheet is very similar to the Process Capacity Table as we fill in the
process name, part number, customer demand, and net operating time. You’ll also notice a
gray auto-filled cell which displays the takt time.

In the example above, which is the same example we used in the last module, our takt time is
43 seconds. In other words, in order to satisfy customer demand we must produce a finished
part every 43 seconds.

Once the top portion is complete we’re ready to move to the bottom section. The first thing
we do is draw a red line in to represent takt time.

Again, in our example our takt time is 43 seconds as we see here. Now, I mention the word
draw since we definitely recommend you initially create your Standard Work Combination
Sheets using pencil and paper. Once you’re satisfied you can then document it in Excel using

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the free template we’re providing but we discourage people from simply running to the
computer to complete their initial Standard Work documents as we find they spend more
time on the computer than at the gemba, or the place the work is done.

The next step is to complete the work sequence and basic time section. Most of this data can
be copied from the Process Capacity Table. The one exception is the walking time since, if
you remember, we didn’t document walking time in the process capacity table.

In order to capture the walking time we need to observe the process with our own eyes
much like we learned to do in the Gemba Academy Quick Changeover course.

Now, as we’ve mentioned before, the Standard Work Combination Sheet is meant to
document the work of a single operator. So, in this example, we have one operator
performing these 6 steps. And while this example are machining focused… the standard work
combination sheet can be used for any process that is done on a consistent basis.

Now, what makes the Standard Work Combination Sheet unique is the graphical way in which
different type of time are drawn. As we’ve already learned, takt time is drawn with a solid red
vertical line.

Next, a solid line represents manual work such as we see when someone loads and unloads
parts. Dashed lines represent automatic cycle time which represents the time a piece of
equipment is running but doesn’t require an operator. Taken together, the manual and
automatic times represent the machine cycle time.

Next, wavy looking lines represent walking time. In this example we see that the operator
spent a few seconds walking from one manual work process to another.

Now, once the last manual process of shipping is complete we see the operator walking to the
first process where they spend a few moments waiting for the automatic cycle to complete.
This waiting is documented by a double arrow. When we combine all the manual and walking
time the operator does we arrive at the manual operator cycle time.

Refer to image above as you follow along with the rest of this lesson.

We first draw a solid line to represent the 2 seconds of manual work for the pick up material
operation.

We then draw the wavy walking line in to represent the two seconds of walking time the
operator does between operation 1 and 2. Operation 2 contains 8 seconds of manual cycle
time as we see here with the solid line… followed by 28 seconds of automatic cycle time as
represented by the dashed line.

After this process the operator walks for 1 second, does 4 seconds of manual work, and then
starts the automatic cycle which lasts for 27 seconds.

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What’s interesting about this example is how the automatic cycle time dashed line seems to
be over takt time as it wraps around to the start of the process. But, in actuality the total
time of this grind face operation is only 32 seconds which is well under takt. You see,
automatic cycle time dashed lines can go past the red takt time line and “wrap around” as long
as they end before the start of that manual Work Sequence as we see here.

What we don’t want to see is the automatic line moving past the takt time line unless the total
time of this process is indeed greater than takt time.

Now, once we complete the rest of the sheet we see that after the pack process is completed
the operator walks back up to process 1 at the 39 second mark and waits a few seconds for
the process to start over.

And that’s how we create a Standard Work Combination Sheet. To be sure this takes some
practice and you may want to review this video a few more times… but with some practice
you’ll quickly get the hang of things.

Summary
In summary, the Standard Work Combination Sheet is used to show the combination of
manual and machine work for one person.

Again, if we have more than one person working in an area we’ll need to create a separate
standard work combination sheet for that person.

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