d{kk&n’ke~

vfr egRoiw.kZ lw= o

ifjHkk"kk,a
ladYiuk&xtsUnz tSu
¼ofj"B v/;kid&xf.kr½
jk-m-ek-fo-] ljspka tks/kiqj
bl nLrkost esa d{kk ds xf.kr fo"k;
ds l= ls la’kksf/kr
ikB~;Øekuqlkj vfr egRoiw.kZ v/;k;ksa ds
lw= o ifjHkk"kk,a fn;s x;s gSA tks fuf’pr
#i ls fo|kFkhZ ds fy, cksMZ dh ijh{kk
gsrq lgk;d fl) gksaxsA

90247-23929
2019-2020
RELEASED ON 10TH JUNE 2020
 2019-2020
bl i= esa xf.kr fo"k; ds egRoiw.kZ lw=ksa ,oa ifjHkk"kkvksa
dks dqN gh i`"Bksa esa ladfyr dj izLrqr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k
gSA
tSlk dh vki tkurs gS fd l= ls n’ke~ d{kk
dk ikB;dze cny x;k gSA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ;g vis{kk gS fd os
bu i`"Bksa dks vius ikl j[ksaxsa o [kkyh le; esa lw=ksa ,oa ifjHkk"kkvksa
dks ;kn djasxsa vkSj vkil esa ekSf[kd ijh{kk ysaxsaA ftlls vki bu
lw=ksa ,oa ifjHkk"kkvksa ds mi;ksx ls u dsoy ikB~;iqLrd ds iz’uksa dks
gy dj ldsaxsa cfYd nSfud thou esa Hkh budk lqxerkiwoZd
vuqiz;ksx dj ldsaxsA
oSfnd xf.kr

lw= milw=

ax+b=cx+d

(x+a)(x+b)=(x+c)(x+d)

x x=0.
-2-
 2019-2020
p
uksV& ,slh ifjes; la[;k ftldk n’keyo izlkj lkar gks rFkk mls
q
ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk rks q dk vHkkT; xq.ku[k.M ds
#i gksrk gSA
p
,d ifjes; la[;k bl izdkj dh gS fd q ds vHkkT;
q
xq.ku[k.M ds #i esa gS arks ,slh ifjes; la[;k dk n’keyo
izlkj ;k rks lkar gksrk gSA
p
,d ifjes; la[;k bl izdkj dh gS fd q ds vHkkT;
q
xq.ku[k.M ds #i esa ugh arks ,slh ifjes; la[;k dk n’keyo
izlkj vlkar vkorhZ gksrk gSA
iqujko`f k
Izkkd`r la[;k, (Natural numbers)- os la[;k, tks fxuus esa
iz;qDr gksrh gS] Izkkd`r la[;k,a dgykrh gSA
Izkkd`r la[;kvksa ds leqPp; dks N ls iznf’kZr fd;k tkrk gSA
N={1,2,3,4,5,6,……}
iw.kZ la[;k, (Whole numbers)-tc Izkkd`r la[;kvksa ds leqPp;
esa ’kwU; dks ’kkfey dj fy;k tkrk gS rks] os la[;k, iw.kZ la[;k,a dgykrh
okLrfod la[;k,
gSA iw.kZ la[;kvksa ds leqPp; dks W ls izdV fd;k tkrk gSA
a b a = bq + r, 0 ≤ r < b W={0,1,2,3,,……}
iw.kkaZd la[;k, (Integer numbers)- ’kwU; lfgr _.kkRed]
q r
/kukRed Izkkd`r la[;kvksa dks iw.kkaZd la[;k,a dgk tkrk gSA iw.kkaZd
la[;kvksa dks Z ls izdV fd;k tkrk gSA
Z={……-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3…..}
ifjes; la[;k,aa (Rational numbers)- os la[;k,a ifjes; la[;k,a
a b, (a > b) HCF p
dgykrh gS] ftUgsa ds :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gSs] tgk p vkSj q
q
q≠0
( )
vifjes; la[;k,a (Irrational numbers)-osla[;k vifjes;
la[;k,a dgykrh gS] ftUgsa p ds :i esa ugha fy[kk tk ldrk gks] tgk p
q
p p, a2 vkSjqiw.kk±d gSa vkSjq ≠ 0 gSA
p, a a okLrfod la[;kvksa ds fy, ?kkrkad ds fu;e
am
okLrfod la[;kvksa dk n’keyo izlkj& am an am n
am n
an
&fdlh ifjes; la[;k dk n’keyo izlkj ;k rks lkar gksrk gS ;k vlkar
vkorhZ gksrk gSA (a m ) n amn a m bm (ab)m
foykser% ;fn fdlh la[;k dk n’keyo izlkj ;k rks lkar gksrk gS ;k m
am a
vlkar vkorhZ gksrk gS rks og ifjes; la[;k gksrh gSA a0 1
bm b
&fdlh vifjes; la[;k dk n’keyo izlkj vlkar vukorhZ gksrk gSA
foykser% ;fn fdlh la[;k dk n’keyo izlkj vlkar vukorhZ gksrk gS rks
og vifjes; la[;k gksrh gSA

Page 3
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cgqin ax 2 bx c 0
cgqin ds ’kwU;d&;fn fdlh cgqin p(x) e x=a j[kus ij
p(x)=0 gks tkrk gS rks x=a dks cgqin dk ’kwU;d dgk tkrk b
a
gSA
c
- ?kkrksa ] vkSj ds cgqin Øe'k% jSf[kd cgqin] f}?kkr cgqin .
a
,oa f=?kkr cgqin dgykrs gSaA
,d f}?kkr cgqin ax2 + bx + c,tgk¡ a,b,c okLrfod
la[;k,¡ gSa vkSja ≠ 0 gS] ds :i dk gksrk gSA
x2 ( )x . 0
,d f}?kkr cgqin ds vf/kd ls vf/kd nks 'kwU;d gks ldrs gSa
vkSj ,d f=?kkr cgqin ds vf/kd ls vf/kd rhu 'kwU;d gks ldrs
gSaA
;fn rFkk β }?kkr O;atd ax 2 bx c , ds nks 'kwU;d gS
b
rks ’kwU;dks dk ;ksx ,
a
chtxf.krh; loZlfedk,aa
c
’kwU;dks dk xq.kuQy b) 2 (a 2 b2 )
a 1. (a 2ab
;fn βrFkk f=?kkr O;atd ax bx 2 cx d , ds rhu
3
2. (a b) 2 (a 2 2ab b2 )
b 3. (a 2 b2 )
'kwU;d gS rks ’kwU;dksa dk ;ksx , ( a b) ( a b)
a
4. (a b) 3 (a 3 3a 2 b 3ab 2 b3 )
c
’kwU;dksa dk nks&nks ds lewg esa xq.kuQy 5. (a b) 3 (a 3 3a 2 b 3ab 2 b3 )
a
, 6. (a 3 b 3 ) (a b ) (a 2 ab b2 )

’kwU;dksa dk xq.kuQy d 7. (a 3 b 3 ) (a b) (a 2 ab b2 )
a
8. a 3 b
3
c
3
3abc ( a b c )( a
2
b
2
c
2
ab bc ca )
f}?kkr cgqin ds ’kwU;dks o xq.kkadksa esa laca/k&
2 2 2 2
x2 ( )x . 0 9. (a b c) a b c 2ab 2 bc 2ac

;k
nks pjksa okys jSf[kd lehdj.k ,oa vlfedk,a
x2 ( )x 0 ;qxir lehdj.kksa a 1 x b1 y c1 0 rFkk
a2x b2 y c2 0 dks
gy djus dh fof/k;ka gS&
foyksiu fof/k ¼izfrLFkkiu }kjk½
ax 2 bx c 0
foyksiu fof/k ¼xq.kkadks dks leku dj½
otzxq.ku fof/k
ys[kkfp= fof/k
;qxir lehdj.k fudk;
0 rFkk 0 dks gy
2
b b 4ac a1x b1 y c1 a2x b2 y c2
x
2a
djus gsrq izfrca/k rFkk lehdj.kksa ds laxrrk dh tkap&
D b2 4ac
a1 b1
;fn rks fudk; laxr gS ,oa blds vf}rh; gy
a2 b2
D 0
gksaxsA
D 0
D 0

Page 4
 2019-2020

a1 b1 c1
- ;fn rks fudk; laxr gS ,oa blds f=dks.kferh; vuqikrksa ds ekuksa dh lkj.kh
a2 b2 c2
vuUr gy gksaxsA ANGLE 0 30 ( ) 45 ( ) 60 ( ) 90 ( )
a1 b1 c1 6 4 3 2
- ;fn rks fudk; vlaxr gS o bldk
a2 b2 c2 1 1 3
sin 0 1
dksbZ gy ugha gksxkA 2 2 2
lekarj Jsf<+;k¡ 3 1 1
cos 1 0
2 2 2
n Tn a (n 1)d
1
n tan 0
3
1 3
n n( a l )
Sn {2a (n 1)d } Sn 1
2 2 cot 3 1 0
a c 3
a, b, c b 2
2 sec 1 2 2
n(n 1) 3
n
2 2
cosec 2 2 1
3
f=dks.kferh; vuqikr
‘trigonometry’ f=dks.kferh; loZlfedk,a
‘tri’ ( ) ‘gon’ ( ) 
‘metron’ ( )

LHS
RHS

f=dks.kferh; vuqikr
sin cos
sin cos tan
L A L sin cos
K K A
√
cosec sec cot
1
iwjd dks.kksa ds f=dks.kferh; vuqikr 1. sin cosec 1 2. sin
cosec
sin(90 ) cos(90 ) tan(90 ) 1
3. cosec 4. cos sec 1
sin cos tan sin
1 1
5. cos 6. sec
cosec sec cot sec cos
cos ec(90 ) sec(90 ) cot(90 ) 1
7. tan cot 1 8. tan
cot

Page 5
 2019-2020

1 sin cos 1
9. cot 10. tan 11. cot
x1 ( y2 y3 ) x2 ( y3 y1 ) x3 ( y1 y2 )
tan cos sin 2
oxZ laca/k
2 2 2
fcUnqiFk
12. sin cos 1 13. sin 1 cos2
2
14. cos 1 sin 2 15. tan
2
1 sec2
ifjHkk"kk&fdlh fn;s x;s izfrca/k ;k ’krZ dk ikyu djus ckys
2 2 2 2
16. tan sec 1 17. sec tan 1
lHkh fcanqvks dk lewg ;k leqPp; fcUnqiFk dgykrk gSA
2
18. cot 1 cosec 2
fu"d"kZ fdlh fuf’pr fcUnq ls leku nwjh ij jgus okys
2
19. cot cosec 2 1
2
leLr fcUnqvksa dk fcUnqiFk o`Ÿk gksrk gSA
20. cosec cot2 1
fu"d"kZ fdlh fuf’pr ljy js[kk ls leku nwjh ij jgus
apkbZ ,oa nwjh
okys leLr fcUnqvksa dk fcUnqiFk ml js[kk ds nksuksa vksj [khaph
(i)
lekarj js[kk gksrh gSA
(ii) izes; fn;s x;s nks fcUnqvksa ls lnSo lenwjLFk fcUnqvks dk
fcUnqiFk mUgsa feykus okys js[kk[k.M dk yEclef}Hkktd gksrk
gSA
(iii) izes; nks izfrPNsnh js[kkvksa ls lnSo lenwjLFk fcUnqvksa dk
fcUnqiFk mUk js[kkvksa ls cus dks.kksa dk lef}Hkktd gksrk gSA
;kn j[kus ;ksX;&f=Hkqt] rhu js[kk[kaMksa ls cuh ,d can ljy
(iv) vkd`fr gS A blds rhu 'kh"kZ] rhu Hkqtk,a o rhu dks.k gksrs gSa A
izes; f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds yEclef}Hkktd laxkeh gksrs
gSA
funsZ'kkad T;kfefr
ifjdsUnz f=Hkqt dh Hkqtkvksa ds yEclef}Hkktdksa dk laxeu
P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2)
fcUnq ifjdsUnz dgykrk gSA
PQ = ( x2 x1 )2 ( y2 y1 ) 2 .

. R(x, y) P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2)

f=Hkqt dk dks.k lef}Hkktd&og js[kk[k.M tks f=Hkqt ds fdlh dks.k
m1 : m2 dk lef}Hkktu djrk gS rFkk ftldk nwljk fljk lkeus dh Hkqtk ij
m 2 x 1 m1 x 2 m 2 y 1 m1 y 2 fLFkr gks]f=Hkqt dk dks.k lef}Hkktd dgykrk gSA
x ,y
m1 m 2 m1 m 2
izes; f=Hkqt ds dks.kksa ds lef}Hkktd laxkeh gksrs gSA
m 2 x1 m1 x 2 m 2 y1 m1 y 2
x ,y f=Hkqt dk var%dsUnz&,slk fcUnq] ftlls f=Hkqt ds rhuksa dks.k
m 2 m1 m 2 m1
lef}Hkktd xqtjrs gS] f=Hkqt dk var%dsUnz dgykrk gSA
P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2)
x1 x2 y1 y2
f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kZyac&'kh"kZyac dk ,d var facnq] f=Hkqt ds ,d 'kh"kZ ij
x ,y
2 2 vkSj nwljk var facnq lEeq[k Hkqtk cukus okyh js[kk ij fLFkr gksrk gS
. P(x1, y1) Q(x2, y2) R(x3, y3)
izes; f=Hkqt ds rhuksa ’kh"kZyEc laxkeh gksrs gSA

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 2019-2020

f=Hkqt dk yacdsUnz&,slk fcUnq] ftlls f=Hkqt ds rhuksa 'kh"kZyac xqtjrs

AAA ( )
gS] f=Hkqt dk yacdsUnz dgykrk gSA
f=Hkqt dh ekf/;dk& f=Hkqt ds ,d 'kh"kZ dks] lEeq[k Hkqtk ds e/; ( )
facnq ls feykus okyk js[kk[k.M ekf/;dk dgykrk gSA izR;sd f=Hkqt dh
rhuksa ekf/;dk,a laxkeh gksrh gSA AA
izes; f=Hkqt dh ekf/;dk,a ,d gh fcUnq ls xqtjrh gS
vkSj ;g fcUnq izR;sd ekf/;dk dks ds vuqikr esa foHkkftr
SSS ( )
djrk gSA
f=Hkqt dk dsUnzd& ,slk fcUnq] ftlls f=Hkqt dh rhuksa ekf/;dk,a ( )
xqtjrh gS] f=Hkqt dk dsUnzd dgykrk gSA
le#irk SAS ( )
le:i vkd`fr;ka& os vkd`fr;ka ftuesa ls lHkh ds vkdkj leku
gksrs gS] le:i (similar) vkd`fr;ka dgykrh gSaA nks le:i
vkd`fr;ksa ds vkdkj leku gksrs gSa ijarq buds eki leku gksus
vko';d ugha gSA
f=Hkqtksa dh le:irk&nks f=Hkqt le:i gksrs gSa] ;fn
(i) muds laxr dks.k cjkcj gksa rFkk
(ii) mudh laxr Hkqtk,¡ ,d gh vuqikr esa (vFkkZr~
lekuqikrh) gksaA
;fn nks f=Hkqtksa ds laxr dks.k cjkcj gksa] rks os lekudksf.kd
f=Hkqt (equiangular triangles) dgykrs gSaA
(Thales)

(Basic Proportionality Theorem)-

o`Ùk
;fn fdlh o`r ds nks pki ijLij lokZaxle gks] rks mudh
laxr thok,a Hkh leku gksrh gSA
o`r ds dsUnz ls fdlh thok ij [khapk x;k yEc ml thok
dks lef}Hkkftr djrk gSA
o`r dh leku thok,a dsUnz ls lenwjLFk gksrh gSA

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fdlh o`r dh thok,a tks o`r ds dsUnz ls leku nwjh ij gS] fLFkfr ,d& tc nks o`r ,d ds vUnj ,d gks vFkkZr
ijLij cjkcj gksrh gSA nks ldsUnzh; o`rksa dh ,d Hkh mHk;fu"B Li’kZ js[kk ugha
o`Ùk ,oa Li’kZ js[kk,a [khaph tk ldrh gSA
Nsnu js[kk&,slh ljy js[kk tks o`r dks nks fcUnqvksa ij
fLFkfr nks&tc nks o`r ,d nwljs dk vkarfjd Li’kZ djrs
izfrPNsn djrh gS] o`r dh Nsnu js[kk dgykrh gSA
gks rks bu o`rksa dh dsoy ,d mHk;fu"B Li’kZ js[kk
&og js[kk tks o`r dks dsoy ,d fcaUnq ij
[khaph tk ldrh gSA
izfrPNsn djrh gS vFkkZr ,d gh fcaUnq ij Li’kZ djrh
fLFkfr rhu&tc nks o`r ,d nwljs dks izfrPNsn djrs gks
gS] o`r dh Li’kZ js[kk dgykrh gSA
rks bu o`rksa dh nks mHk;fu"B Li’kZ js[kk,a [khaph tk
izes; o`r ds fdlh fcUnq ij [khaph xbZ Li’kZ js[kk
ldrh gSA
ml fcanq ls dsUnz dks feykus okyh js[kk ¼f=T;k½ ij
fLFkfr pkj & tc nks o`r ,d nwljs dk ckg; Li’kZ
yEc gksrh gSA
djrs gks rks bu o`rksa dh rhu mHk;fu"B Li’kZ js[kk
izes; dk foykse o`r ij fLFkr ls [khaph
[khaph tk ldrh gSA
xbZ dksbZ js[kk f=T;k ij yEc gks rks] og Li’kZ js[kk
fLFkfr ikap& tc nks o`r ,d nwljs ds ikl&ikl gks
gksrh gSA
ijarq ckg; Li’kZ ugha djrs gks rks bu o`rksa dh pkj
izes; o`r ds ckgj fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ls o`r ij
mHk;fu"B Li’kZ js[kk [khaph tk ldrh gSA
[khaph xbZ nks Li’kZ js[kk,a yEckbZ esa ijLij leku gksrh
leryh; vkd`fr;ksa dk {ks=Qy
gSA
izes; ;fn o`r dh Li’kZ js[kk ds Li’kZ fcUnq ls vk;r dk {ks=Qy
,d thok [khaph tk,a rks bl thok }kjk nh xbZ Li’kZ vk;r dk ifjeki 2 ( )
js[kk ls cuk, x;s dks.k Øe’k mlh thok }kjk ,dkarj
oxZ dk {ks=Qy
o`r[k.Mksa esa cus dks.kksa ds cjkcj gksrs gSA
oxZ dk ifjeki
izes; dk foykse ;fn o`r dh thok ds ,d
fljs ij ,d ,slh js[kk [khaph tkrh gS dh thok }kjk f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy
blds lkFk cuk dks.k blds ,dkarj o`r[k.M esa thok
leyEc prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy
}kjk cus dks.k ds cjkcj gks] rks og js[kk o`r dh Li’kZ
js[kk gksrh gSA
jpuk,aa
prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy
bl v/;k; esa fuEufyf[kr jpuk dk;kZsa dk vH;kl
fd;k tk,xk& lekUrj prqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy
,d js[kk[k.M dk fn;s x;s vuqikr esa vkarfjd leprqHkqZt dk {ks=Qy
foHkktu djukA
o`r ij fLFkr fdlh fcanq ij Li’kZ js[kk dh jpukA ghjkW dk lw= f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy
o`r ds ckgj fLFkr fdlh fcanq ls Li’kZ js[kk dh s( s a)( s b)( s c)
jpukA tgk¡ v++)Zifjeki s
a b c
2

Page 8
 2019-2020

r2 2 ( )
2 r
r2 2 ( )
2
r 2r 2 rh
(r 2 r 2) 2 r (r h )
2 1
r
l
180 2 (R r )h
r2
360 2 (R r)(R r h)
1
l r 4 r2
2
4 3
r
3
2 r2
r
360

r 2 1
l r 4 (R 2 r2)
2
4
r2 (R 3 r 3 )
sin 3
2 180
2 r2
r2 3 r2
r2 sin
2 180 2 3
r
3
l h2 r2
°
rl
½° r (r l)

i`"Bh; {ks=Qy vkSj vk;ru

2 ( )

(frustum of a cone)

Page 9
 2019-2020

lkaf[;dh
izkf;drk
E P(E)
fi xi
(i) x
fi
f i di
(ii) x a , E P(E)
fi
0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1
fi ui E P (E) + P ( Ē ) = 1
(iii) x a h,
fi E Ē E Ē
d a
ui h

f1 f0
l h
2 f1 f0 f2
l=
f0=
f1=
f2=
h=

N
cf
2
l h Under Line
f

vk;ru laca/kh bdkbZ;ak

=
=

Page 10