S111 / TMA 01 Gurpreet Singh C8349904

Answer 1a: -
1. Chemical Bond: - The attraction between atoms or molecules either it is temporary or
permanent.
2. Neutral particles: - The particles which have no electric charge.
3. Precipitation: - The condensed water vapours present in atmosphere falls down due to
gravity.

Answer 1b: -

Phase Mass/g Height/cm

Water 168 6.2
Ice 168 6.9

Answer 1c: -

Answer 1d: -

True. The discussion and the messages on the forum is common and everyone participated in
that & which basically a collective work done by all so that is why they do not need to be
referenced.

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Answer 2a: -
Ionic bond is a bond where there is a transfer of electrons between the atoms. The atom
which gain electrons become negatively charged atom and the atom which loses electron
becomes positively charged atom. The ionic bond is usually occurred between metal atoms
(send electrons) to non-metal atoms (receive electrons). The best example is Ionic bond is
Sodium chloride (NaCl).
Whereas, Covalent bond is a bond where two atoms share their electrons. The Covalent bond
is occurred between two non-metal atoms. The best example of the Covalent bond is water
molecule (H2O).
In water molecule, there are one oxygen atom (having 6 electrons in outer shell) & two
hydrogen atoms (each hydrogen atom has only one electron in the shell). See below the
molecule structure of the water in Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1

Covalent bond is occurred when both atoms share electrons. Oxygen atom attracts electrons
more strongly than hydrogen atoms. As a result, the electrons move closer to the oxygen
atom & This causes unequal sharing of electrons. Oxygen becomes partially negatively
charged whereas hydrogen becomes partially positively charged. This makes water polar
because one side is positively charged and the other side is negatively charged.

Answer 2b: -
The density of the salty water solution is p = m/v
Where
m is mass of the salt is 300 g (300 g = 0.3 kg).
V is volume of water is 10 litres (10 litres = 0.01 m3).
P is density of the salty water solution.

Total mass of the solution is 10 + 0.3 = 10.3 kg

P = 10.3/0.01 kg/m3
P = 1030 kg/m3

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Answer 2c: -
1) Negatively charged chloride ion. The chemical symbol of chloride ion is Cl-.
2) Oxygen. The chemical symbol is O.
3) They held together because of ionic bond.
4) Water molecule consist of one oxygen atom which represents in red sphere and two
hydrogen atoms which is shown in small white spheres. The geometry of the water
molecule is bent.
5) Around hydrogen atoms of the water molecule is partially positive charge. It is also
denoted as Greek letter +.
6) Hydrogen bond.

Answer 2d: -
1) 999.70 kg/m3
2) There are two different temperatures has a density value of 999.94 kg/m 3 which are
2C & 6C.
3) The graph represents a red curve with dots which depicts the density of water in
different temperature. X axis represents to temperature / C whereas y axis is
density / (kg/m3). The given red curve passes the 10C temperature at X axis and
999.70 kg/m3 at Y axis. Similarly, the red curve passes through the both temperature
2C & 6C where the density value is 999.94 kg/m3.

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Answer 3a: -
List of equipment.
1. Treadmill (Inc. stop watch & timer).
2. Trainer shoe.
3. Note book & pen.

Answer 3b: -
Method:
For this experiment, I have decided to run on the treadmill. The treadmill, I have chosen has
in build stop watch and timer feature and it can be control through provided touch screen on
that.
1) Before start running on the treadmill, I measured respiration & pulse rate in rest.
a) For respiration rate, I counted the number of breathes taken by me in one
minute. I have used stop watch for this.
b) Similarly, for pulse rate, firstly, I have located my arteries near my wrist. After
putting firm pressure on it, I can feel the arteries expands & contract with the
blood flow. This is a pulse which I have recorded & I also used stop watch for this
too.
Note: - I took 3 measurements for both respiration rate & pulse rate and calculated the
mean measurement for both.
2) Before running on the treadmill, I have checked all the safety measurements of the
equipment for example emergency stop plug with string (has clip on other end) &
other electronics are in good working condition etc. I also did muscles stretching
exercise (especially for legs).
After checking all the safety measurements, I programmed the speed of the
treadmill at 8 km/h & start running for this experiment. To measure the 3 post
exercise measurements for both respiration rate & pulse rate, I ran for 30 minutes
with the break of 5 minutes after every 10 minutes for running.
Note: - I also calculated mean figure of 3 recorded measurements for both
respiration rate & pulse rate.

Answer 3c: -
Following are my health and safety consideration & action taken by me to reduce the risk.
1. Don`t rely on handrail of the treadmill
Risk: -
To hold hand rail while walking on the treadmill at slow speed is ok but running at
speed and holding handrails long time could give strain to shoulders and elbows.
Action: -
Avoided holding the handrails while I ran at speed (8 km/h).
2. Don`t run barefoot on the treadmill
Risk: -
While running on the belt of the treadmill, heat & friction will be created which can
give burns, scrapes and blisters to the feet.
Action: -
Wore trainer shoes to get protected from the friction of the belt.

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3. Don`t step off a moving treadmill

Risk: -
It is very danger for anybody stepping off from the moving treadmill.
Action: -
Avoided to step off from the treadmill & I also used the emergency string with clip. I
attached clip on my t-shirt which is enough to activate the emergency stop if any
chance I step off.
4. Keep the children away
Risk: -
Moving parts of the treadmill is very danger for the children.
Action: -
Ensured there are not any children present around it before I use it.
5. Leave plenty of space
Risk: -
Anything closer to both sides and behind the running treadmill is very danger. It
could hit on the head if user fell off the back or side of the treadmill.
Action: -
Checked all around the treadmill before stepping on.
6. Look forward
Risk: -
It is also very danger if we look around while running on the treadmill. It may
imbalance your concentration and you may fall from the moving belt.
Action: -
Never looked around.

Reference: -
Tips for treadmill safety, added by Tradmillreviews.net (research from the experts)
Available at http://www.treadmillreviews.net/9-tips-for-treadmill-safety/ (accessed 26
November 2017)

Answer 3d: -
Results: -
1)
RESPIRATION RATE
CONDITION MEASURMENTS AVERAGE
(BREATHS PER MINUTE)
Resting 12 11 13 12
Post exercise 40 44 42 42

2)
PULSE RATE
CONDITION MEASURMENTS AVERAGE
(BREATHS PER MINUTE)
Resting 69 72 68 69.67
Post exercise 115 122 125 120.67

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3) As I mentioned above the average value of the resting and post exercise rate for
both respiration & Pulse rate.

See below my working for calculation.

Mean value of respiration rate in resting = Sum of the No. of measurements

Total no. of measurements

Mean = 12+11+13 = 12 (breaths per minute)

3

Answer 3e: -
Conclusion: -
It is observed that the measurement of dependent variables (respiration rate & pulse rate)
will increase if the state of independent variable change from resting state to post exercise
state. There is an increase in percentage of average respiration rate from resting state to
Post exercise state is 250% whereas pulse rate is increase by 73.2%.

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Answer 4a: -

Neutrophils

1) Normal Blood Smear

Eosinophils
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Figure 1

Image of two common types of white blood cells (a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils

2) Allium (Ornamental onion)

Root cap & the root

meristem

Figure 2

Image of the root tip which is divided into the root cap & the root meristem.

Answer 4b: -

1) Normal blood smear

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There are main 2 types of blood cells, Red Blood cells (RBC) & White Blood cells
(WBC). Red blood cells are also known as Erythrocytes and the white blood cells
known as leukocytes. White blood cell helps to body to fight with infection and Red
blood cells helps to transport the oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood
In figure 1, the digital microscopic image has 2 different types of white blood cells,
(a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils. There are so many different irregular shapes & sizes
of the cells some of them have many nucleus lobes at the centre. The cell which has
nucleus are known as Neutrophils. Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear and are very
common white blood cells. The both Neutrophils & eosinophils looks almost similar
shape & size but the Eosinophils is famous by his eosinophilic (red- staining)
granules.

2) Allium (ornamental onion)

In figure 2 of the allium, it is observed that the cells are so tightly packed and looks
like fish skin. There are also some of the cells have black dot or nucleus in it. The root
tip is divided into the root cap & the root meristem.

Reference: -
Information of the normal blood smear & Allium, added by the open university
Available at https://learn5.open.ac.uk/mod/htmlactivity/view.php?id=680 and
https://learn5.open.ac.uk/mod/htmlactivity/view.php?id=680 (accessed 26 November 2017)

Answer 5a: -

Study skill Confidence (1–5)

Organizing and planning 4

Time management 3

Using computers and the internet 5

Taking useful notes from online materials 5

Reading for learning 4

Writing and grammar 3

Use of English language 4

Working with others 5

Maths skills 5

Being self-reflective, setting goals and reviewing your progress 4

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Answer 5b: -

I am very confident in maths skills because it is my one of the favourite subjects. I am also
using my maths skills in my daily life especially at my work place where I am designing
different parts & components.

Answer 5c: -

Short and Actions Resources that can Success criteria Date for
medium term required help (milestones) completion
targets
What do you What do you For example, extra How will you know When do
want to have to do to study resources, or if you have been you need
achieve this achieve each friends or contacts successful with each to
year? target? who could help you. action? complete
Several each
different action?
actions may
be necessary.
Academic Need to English books, ask My wife will help My target
writing spend time help from my wife me to give me score is end of
daily to who recently gave on my writing test at January
practice IELTS exam and the end of the week. 2018
writing essay achieve 8 bands,
and watching Library & online
online lectures.
English
grammar
course
videos.

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S111 / TMA 01 Gurpreet Singh C8349904

Fundamental Revise the Online free courses on Solve questions End of

maths basics Khan academy, paper available March
formulas in Library books, my online and will 2018
Maths e.g. school notes. receive feedback.
algebra,
trigonometry,
geometry etc.

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