Malnad College of Engineering

(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,

Accredited by NBA under Tier-I and NAAC)
Hassan – 573 202

“Social Distance Detector”

A dissertation submitted to Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan,
during the academic year 2020-2021 in partial fulfilment for the award of
the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Computer Science & Engineering
By
Name USN
1. Pooja K P 4MC17CS033
2. Megha D 4MC17CS031

Under the guidance of

Dr. Chandrika J
Professor
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering)

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Malnad College of Engineering
Hassan - 573 202

Tel.: 08172-245093 Tel.: 08172-245020 (Dept.) URL: www.mcehassan.ac.in

2020-2021
 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

Malnad College of Engineering

(An autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgavi, Accredited by
NBA under Tier-I and NAAC)

Hassan – 573 202

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

Certified that the project titled

“Social Distance Detector”

is a bona fide work carried out by

Name USN
Pooja K P 4MC17CS033
Megha D 4MC17CS031

in partial fulfillment for the award of

Bachelor Degree in Computer Science & Engineering
of
Malnad College of Engineering
affiliated to

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi

during the year 2020-2021. It is certified that all corrections/ suggestions
indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the Department Library. The Project Report has been approved as
it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Mini Project Work
prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

(Dr. Geetha Kiran A) (Dr. Chandrika J) (Dr. C V Venkatesh)

Professor and Head of Prof. Dept of CSE Principal
Department

External Viva
Name of the Examiners Signature with Date
1.
2.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We present with immense pleasure this work titled ”Social Distance Detector”.
An endeavor over a long period can be successful with the advice and support of many well
wishes. We take this opportunity to express our gratitude and appreciation to all of them.

The satisfaction that accompany the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without mentioning the people who made it possible. So, with gratitude we acknowledge all those
whose guidance and encouragement made to successfully complete this project.

We would like to express sincere thanks to our Principal Dr. C.V.Venkatesh , Malnad College of
Engineering for his encouragement made to successfully completion of the project work.
We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Geetha Kiran A , Professor and head, department of
CS&E for providing a good working environment and for her constant support and
encouragement.

It gives us an immense pleasure in placing on record a deep sense of gratitude to our

guide Dr. Chandrika J, B.E., M. Tech., Ph.D., Dept. of CSE for expert guidance, initiative and
encouragement that led us throughout this project work.

We would also like to thank all the staff of Computer Science and Engineering department who
have directly or indirectly helped us in the completion of the project work.

At last we would hereby acknowledge and thank our parents who have been a source of
inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of this mini project work.

Project Associates

USN Name Signature

4MC17CS033 Pooja K P
4MC17CS031 Megha D

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

Abstract 05
1 INTRODUCTION 06
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 08

2.1 Social Distancing Detection

System With Artificial Intelligence
Using Computer Vision and Deep
Learning
2.2 A deep learning-based social
distance monitoring framework for
COVID19
2.3 Person Detection for Social 09
Distancing and Safety Violation
Alert based on Segmented ROI
2.4 Vision-based Social Distancing
and Critical Density Detection
System for COVID-19
2.5 Monitoring COVID-19 social 10
distancing with person detection
and tracking via fine-tuned YOLO
v3 and Deepsort techniques
2.6 DeepSOCIAL: Social
Distancing Monitoring and
Infection Risk Assessment in
COVID-19 Pandemic
3 METHODOLOGY 11

3.1 YOLO Object Detector

3.2 YOLO Architecture
3.3 Workflow 12
4 IMPLEMENTATION 13
4.1 Social Distance configuration
4.2 Object Detection 14
4.3 Social Distance Violation 16
detection
5 RESULTS 19
6 COMPARISON AND 21
ANALYSIS
7 CONCLUSION 22
7.1 Future enhancement and
Challenges
8 REFERENCES 24

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

ABSTRACT

Pervasive COVID-19 disease, initially reported at Wuhan, China is a rampant global crisis
thrusting the world to pandemic. It has laid major economic and societal activities to cessation.
According to WHO norms it is prescribed to maintain Maintaining social distance, which has
challenged day to day interactions and transactions, demanding the need to redefine the default
behaviour and social setting of human. Humans to adjust to this setting, purely by
consciousness and common sense is near to impossible. Rules and regulations cannot enforce
distancing at personal level. There is a need for greater awareness and better approach to deal
this crisis. People fail to maintain distance in market and other crowded places. It is also
annoying to always analyse people around us and check if they at suitable distance from us.
This extra screening needs to be facilitated so that people can carry on with their choirs without
hustle and fear of folks violating the new norm. Deriving motivation from this unbridled
circumstance, the project aims at two level detection. One at the monitoring level, detecting
the objects breaking the social distance through pixel calculations. At individual scale, involves
finding distance from the camera to the humans by computer vision and machine learning
techniques. The project aims to screen the surrounding objects or humans and detect the safe
distance violations between the user(camera) and the individuals at the sight of OpenCV.
OpenCV is an open source computer vision and machine learning software library majorly
used in the project. The count of people violating the safe distance is also detected which can
be extended to individual alert messages .

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Social distancing is an effective measure against the novel Corona Virus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) pandemic. To limit the spread of an infectious disease, for instance, Covid-19, is
to practice social distancing. This is not a new concept, as most societies have been aware of
the value of keeping away from people who are suffering from an infection for many
generations. Social distancing is arguably the most effective nonpharmaceutical way to prevent
the spread of a disease — by definition, if people are not close together, they cannot spread
germs. healthcare system. It is an action taken to minimize contact with other individuals. It
has been suggested that maintaining a distance of approximately 2 metres from another
individual result in a marked reduction in transmission of most flu virus strains, including
COVID19. Deploying such an active surveillance system requires serious ethical
considerations and smart system design.

In practice, this means that avoiding close proximity to other people will aid in slowing the
spread of infectious diseases. Social distancing is one of the nonpharmaceutical infection
control actions that can stop or slow down the spread of a highly contagious disease. The virus
that causes COVID-19 is currently spreading easily from person-to-person. When a healthy
person comes into contact with respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes of an infected
person, they are can catch the infection. This study is proposed to support the actions on
Covid19 spread mitigation. It provides a solution for detecting people gathering in public
places such as banks, shopping malls, clinics etc. The concept of person detection algorithm is
used to accurately detect a person’s presence in areas of interest and is then followed by
measuring the distance between the detected persons.

Tracking and detection of objects is an essential component in various traffic monitoring

systems, biometrics and security infrastructures, safety monitoring, various web applications
and recognition of objects for mobile devices etc. The current and major application area of
this process is the detection of social distance violation . In this system the primary focus is to
detect the suspicious distancing violations.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

The following are the main concept of the project.

Object Detection

YOLO is used for object detection. You Only Look Once details an object detector capable of
super real-time object detection. YOLO is trained on COCO dataset which includes 80labels
for detection. We use only person class among 80 labels.

Object Tracking

People detected in every frame of vedio is assigned id. Detected object has centroid marked in
every frames and same person is detected.

Distance measurement

The distance between the two centroids is calculated using Euclidean distance, the shorter
distances are detected.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Social Distancing Detection System With Artificial Intelligence Using

Computer Vision and Deep Learning

[1] In this proposed system Python, Computer Vision and Deep learning is used to monitor
social distancing at public places and workplaces. As the input video may be taken from an
arbitrary perspective view, the first step is to transform perspective of view to a bird’s-eye (top-
down) view. As the input frames are monocular (taken from a single camera), the simplest
transformation method involves selecting four points in the perspective view which define ROI
where we want to monitor social distancing and mapping them to the corners of a rectangle in
the bird’s-eye view. Also these points should form parallel lines in real world if seen from
above (bird’s eye view). This assumes that every person is standing on the same flat ground
plane. This top view or bird eye view has the property that points are distributed uniformly
horizontally and vertically (scale for horizontal and vertical direction will be different).From
this mapping, we can derive a transformation that can be applied to the entire perspective. It
uses Approach of detecting humans in the frame with yolov3. Then calculate the distance
between every human who is detected in the frame. The output shows how many people are at
High, Low and Not at risk.

2.2 A deep learning-based social distance monitoring framework for

COVID19

[2] The detection model identifies peoples using detected bounding box information. Using the
Euclidean distance, the detected bounding box centroid's pairwise distances of people are
determined. To estimate social distance violations between people, we used an approximation
of physical distance to pixel and set a threshold. A violation threshold is established to evaluate
whether or not the distance value breaches the minimum social distance threshold. In addition,
a tracking algorithm is used to detect individuals in video sequences such that the person who
violates/crosses the social distance threshold is also being tracked.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

2.3 Person Detection for Social Distancing and Safety Violation Alert based
on Segmented ROI

[3] This paper presents the detection of people with social distance monitoring as a
precautionary measure in reducing physical contact between people. It focuses on detecting
people in areas of interest using the MobileNet Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) object
tracking model and OpenCV library for image processing. The distance will be computed
between the persons detected in the captured footage and then compared to a fixed pixels’
values. The distance is measured between the central points and the overlapping boundary
between persons in the segmented tracking area. With the detection of unsafe distances
between people, alerts or warnings can be issued to keep the distance safe. In addition to social
distance measure, another key feature of the system is detecting the presence of people in
restricted areas, which can also be used to trigger warnings. Here Object Detection is achieved,
by MobileNet SSD due to the short time taken for the execution. Threading Parallelism
incorporated improves the execution time to process the object detection on each frame.
Multithreading approach will be used to run the frame and processing the object detection at
the same time. Masking frame for ROI area estimation is used. Masking is a technique in image
processing which define as a small image piece and use it to modify a larger image. In
determining the position of a person’s bounding box as well as the segment involved, each
ground plane point is used to compare the ROI range. Location of person is thus calculated and
distance between the bounding box is determined.

2.4 Vision-based Social Distancing and Critical Density Detection System for
COVID-19

[4] An active surveillance system capable of detecting distances between individuals and
warning them can slow down the spread of the deadly disease. Furthermore, measuring social
density in a region of interest (ROI) and modulating inflow can decrease social distancing
violation occurrence chance. A monocular camera and deep learning-based real-time object
detectors are used to measure social distancing. If a violation is detected, a non-intrusive audio-
visual warning signal is emitted without targeting the individual who breached the social
distancing measure. Also, if the social density is over a critical value, the system sends a control
signal to modulate inflow into the ROI.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

2.5 Monitoring COVID-19 social distancing with person detection and

tracking via fine-tuned YOLO v3 and Deepsort techniques
[5] It proposes a deep learning based framework for automating the task of monitoring social
distancing using surveillance video. The proposed framework utilizes the YOLO v3 object
detection model to segregate humans from the background and Deepsort approach to track the
identified people with the help of bounding boxes and assigned IDs. In order to maintain the
balance of speed and accuracy, YOLO v3 alongside the Deepsort are utilized as object
detection and tracking approaches while surrounding each detected object with the bounding
boxes. Later, these bounding boxes are utilized to compute the pairwise L2 norm with
computationally efficient vectorized representation for identifying the clusters of people not
obeying the order of social distancing. Furthermore, to visualize the clusters in the live stream,
each bounding box is color-coded based on its association with the group where people
belonging to the same group are represented with the same color. Each surveillance frame is
also accompanied with the streamline plot depicting the statistical count of the number of social
groups and an index term (violation index) representing the ratio of the number of people to
the number of groups. Furthermore, estimated violations can be computed by multiplying the
violation index with the total number of social groups.

2.6 DeepSOCIAL: Social Distancing Monitoring and Infection Risk

Assessment in COVID-19 Pandemic

[6] This is a Hybrid Computer Vision and YOLOv4-based Deep Neural Network (DNN)
model for automated people detection in the crowd in indoor and outdoor environments using
common CCTV security cameras. The proposed DNN model in combination with an adapted
inverse perspective mapping (IPM) technique and SORT tracking algorithm leads to a robust
people detection and social distancing monitoring. It is a three-stage model including people
detection, tracking, inter-distance estimation as a total solution for social distancing
monitoring and zone-based infection risk analysis.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The system uses YOLO Object Detector which includes the following features:

3.1 YOLO Object Detector

When it comes to deep learning-based object detection, there are three primary object detectors
we will encounter: R-CNN and their variants, original R-CNN, Fast R- CNN, and Faster R-
CNN; Single Shot Detector (SSDs) and YOLO. While R-CNNs tend to very accurate, the
biggest problem with the R-CNN family of networks is their speed — they were incredibly
slow, obtaining only 5 FPS on a GPU.

To help increase the speed of deep learning-based object detectors, both Single Shot Detectors
(SSDs) and YOLO use a one-stage detector strategy. These algorithms treat object detection as
a regression problem, taking a given input image and simultaneously learning bounding box
coordinates and corresponding class label probabilities. Single-stage detectors tend to be less
accurate than two-stage detectors but are significantly faster. We are using YOLOv3 in
particular, YOLO trained on the COCO dataset. The COCO dataset consists of 80 labels in
which people class is important in the project.

3.2 YOLO Architecture

YOLO has its own neat architecture based on CNN and anchor boxes and is proven to be an
on-the-go object detection technique for widely used problems. YOLO divides up the image
into a grid of 13 by 13 cells: Each of these cells is responsible for predicting 5 bounding boxes.
A bounding box describes the rectangle that encloses an object. YOLO also outputs a
confidence score that tells us how certain it is that the predicted bounding box actually encloses
some object. YOLO uses a totally different approach. It applies a single neural network to the
full image. This network divides the image into regions and predicts bounding boxes and
probabilities for each region. These bounding boxes are weighted by the predicted
probabilities.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

3.3 Work Flow Diagram

Start Yes Vedio

VedioInput

No

Webcam

Input Frame

Initialise Bounding
Box to Green
People
YOLO V3 Detection
No If Index in Yes
Violation Set

Compute
Pre Trained on Pairwise Color Green Color Red
COCO Dataset

Used Centroid
Distance matrix Tracking Algorithm
for People
Display No. of
Violations

Add to Non- No Yes

< N pixels Add to Violate
violation set Set

Detected Person
Bounding Box

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 4

IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation involves majorly setting up the execution environment and implementing

object detection and social distance detection.
The yolo-coco directory has YOLO object detector includes the CNN architecture definition,
pre-trained weights with 80classes and class names. This YOLO model is compatible with
OpenCV’s DNN module.
The major sections include:
• Social distance configuration file: It includes the threshold values and constants.
• Object Detection file: It incorporates the logic for detection of people in the vedio
stream.
• Social Distance Detector file : This file contains logic to loop over the frames and
detect persons violating the minimum social distance.

Virtual environment is setup for the project.

4.1 Social Distance configuration

Set base path to YOLO directory

initialize minimum probability to filter weak detections

Initialize threshold for applying non-maxima suppression

Initialize boolean indicating if NVIDIA CUDA GPU should be used

define the minimum safe distance (in pixels) that two people can be from each other

MODEL_PATH = "yolo-coco"

MIN_CONF = 0.3

NMS_THRESH = 0.3

USE_GPU = False

MIN_DISTANCE = 50

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

4.2 Object Detection

1. Import the necessary packages
2. Grabbing the frame
3. Construct a blob from the input frame and then perform a forward
pass of the YOLO object detector,
4. Extract the class ID and confidence (i.e., probability) of the current object detection
5. Filter detections by ensuring that the object detected was a person and minimum
confidence is met
6. Update our list of bounding box coordinates, centroids, and confidences
7. Apply non-maxima suppression to suppress weak, overlapping bounding boxes
8. Update our results list to consist of the person prediction probability, bounding box c
oordinates and the centroid
Detection.py
Import numpy
Import cv2
Import social distance configurations
def detect_people(frame, net, ln, personIdx=0):
(H, W)= grab the dimensions of the frame
initialize the list of results
blob=construct a blob from the input frame
LayerOutputs=perform a forward pass of the YOLO object detector
#initialize lists of detected bounding boxes, centroids, and confidences
boxes = []
centroids = []
confidences = []
for output in layerOutputs:
for detection in output:
scores = detection[5:]
classID = extract classID
confidence = extract probability

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

if classID == personIdx and confidence > MIN_CONF:

box=scale bounding box coordinates back to size of the image
(centerX, centerY, width, height) = YOLO returns center (x, y)
of bounding box and its width and height
x= derive the top corner of bounding box
y= derive the left corner of bounding box
append boxes with (x, y, width, height)
append centroids (centerX, centerY)
append confidences (confidence)

idxs=apply non-maxima suppression to suppress weak, overlapping bounding boxes

if len(idxs) > 0: # ensure at least one detection exists
for i in idxs.flatten():
(x, y) = extract the bounding box coordinates
(w, h) = extract the bounding box coordinates
r = (person prediction probability, bounding box coordinates, centroid)
update results list with r
return results

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

4.3 Social Distance Volation detection

1. Import the necessary packages
2. Load the COCO class labels our YOLO model was trained on
3. Load our YOLO object detector trained on COCO dataset (80 classes)
4. Initialize the video stream and pointer to output video file
5. Loop over the frames from the video stream
6. Detect people (and only people) in it.
7. Initialize the set of indexes that violate the minimum social distance
8. Extract all centroids from the results and compute the
Euclidean distances between all pairs of the centroids
9. Extract the bounding box and centroid coordinates, then
initialize the color of the annotation
10. If the index pair exists within the violation set, then update the color
11. Draw the total number of social distancing violations on the output frame

Social_distance_detector. py

import social_distancing_config
import detect_people from detection
from scipy.spatial import distance
import numpy as np
import argparse
import imutils
import cv2
import os
ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap= add argument path to (optional) input video file
ap= add argument path to (optional) output video file
ap=add argument path whether or not output frame should be displayed
args = parse ap
labelsPath = set path for COCO dataset names of trained YOLO model
LABELS = load COCO class labels
weightsPath = derive the paths to the YOLO weights

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

configPath = model configuration

load YOLO object detector trained on COCO dataset (80 classes)
print "[INFO] loading YOLO from disk..."
net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromDarknet(configPath, weightsPath)
if config.USE_GPU: # check if we are going to use GPU
set CUDA as the preferable backend
target CUDA
# determine only the *output* layer names that we need from YOLO
ln = list of all layers used in yolov3 network.
ln = [ln[i[0] - 1] for i in net.getUnconnectedOutLayers()]

Print "[INFO] accessing video stream..."

vs = initialize the video stream and pointer to output video file else 0
writer = None
while True:
(grabbed, frame) = read the next frame from the file
if not grabbed:
break
frame = resize the frame
results = detect_people with personIdx= index called “person”
violate = initialize the set of indexes that violate the minimum social distance
if len(results) >= 2:
centroids = extract all centroids from the results
D = compute the Euclidean distances between all pairs of the centroids
for i in range(0, D.shape[0]): # loop over the upper triangular of the distance
matrix
for j in range(i + 1, D.shape[1]):
if D[i, j] < config.MIN_DISTANCE:
update violate with ith index
update violate with jth index
for (i, (prob, bbox, centroid)) in enumerate(results):
(startX, startY, endX, endY) = extract bounding box coordinates

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

(cX, cY) = extract centroid coordinates

color = initialize the color of the annotation
if i in violate:
color = update the color to red
draw a bounding box around the person and (2) the
draw circle on centroid coordinates of the person
text = total number social distancing violations
output the text
if args["display"] > 0:
show the output frame
key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
if key == ‘q is pressed:
break
if args["output"] != "" and writer is None:
initialize video writer
if the video writer is not None,
if writer is not None:
write the frame to the output video file

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 5

RESULTS

5.1 Detection through Vedio Stream

We tested our model using video stream and webcam. Of which, we could see the proper
detection of people according to the distance between a pair. Also, the count of the
violations made were counted and were constantly updating.

The results obtained by the model are displayed . The red and green coloured images
displayed indicate if the person is maintaining social distancing or not. Red indicates
violation of social distancing.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

5.2 Detection through Webcam

While using the webcam, it is necessary to have people moving continuously. Or else the
detection goes incorrect. This could happen due to the detection method, where in the
entire frame is detected, and further, the distance calculation and comparison between the
centroids take place.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 6

COMPARISON AND ANALYSIS WITH EXISTING

METHODS

Social distancing detector implemented here did not leverage a proper camera calibration. We
could not map distances in pixels to actual measurable units (i.e., meters, feet, etc.).
Therefore, the first step to improving our social distancing detector is to utilize a proper
camera calibration. Distance between the 2 centroid is calculated using, D = (W*F) / P
where, P=Pixel value, F=Focal length, W=Object width, D=Distance between 2 centroid .
Doing so will yield better results and enable to compute actual measurable units (rather than
pixels).

Considering to apply a top-down transformation of viewing angle as this implementation

has done:

Applying the distance calculations to the top-down view of the pedestrians, leads to a better
distance approximation.

OpenCV’s YOLO implementation is quite slow not because of the model itself but because
of the additional post-processing required by the model. To further speedup the pipeline,
consider utilizing a Single Shot Detector (SSD) running on your GPU — that will improve
frame throughput rate considerably.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

Social distancing is one of the important precautions in reducing physical contact that may
lead to spread of coronavirus. Consequences of non-compliance with these guidelines will be
causing the higher rates of virus transmission. A system has been developed using Python
and OpenCV library to implement proposed features. The feature is on detecting violations
of social distancing and returning the number of violations.

The study is seen to meet all of its objectives. However, there are limitations to the
results obtained. Based on the tests performed on the system, the results show that the
object detection model used for detecting persons is having the difficulty in detecting people
correctly through webcam with no motion and has not been calibrated to measure the exact
distance. For further improvement in the future, a better object detection model can be
implemented.

The project proposes an efficient framework to automate process of monitoring the social
distancing via object detection and tracking approaches, where each individual is identified
with the help of bounding boxes. The generated bounding boxes aid in identifying the
clusters or groups of people satisfying the closeness property computed with the help of
pairwise vectorized approach.

The number of violations are confirmed by computing the number of groups formed and
violation index term computed as the ratio of the number of people to the number of groups.
This system can be used in CCTV for object detection. The classifier was surveillance
of people during pandemics. Mass screening is possible and hence can be used in crowded
places like railway streets, mall entrances, schools, colleges, etc. By monitoring the distance
between two individuals, we can make sure that an individual is maintaining social distancing
in the right way which will enable us to curb the virus.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

7.1 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT AND CHALLENGES

Since this application is intended to be used in any working environment; accuracy and
precision is highly desired to serve the purpose. Higher numbers of false positives may raise
discomfort and panic situations among people being observed. There may also be genuinely
raised concerns about privacy and individual rights which can be addressed with some
additional measures such as prior consents for such working environments, hiding a person's
identity in general, maintaining transparency about its fair uses within limited stakeholders.

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 Social Distance Detector Using machine Learning

CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

[1] Social Distancing Detection System with Artificial Intelligence using Computer Vision
and Deep Learning https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i8/IRJET-V7I8698.pdf

[2]A deep learning-based social distance monitoring framework for COVID19

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7603992/

[3] Person Detection for Social Distancing and Safety Alert based on Segmented ROI
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9204934

[4] A Vision-based Social Distancing and Critical Density Detection System for COVID-19
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342763051

[5] Person detection and tracking via fine-tuned YOLOv3 and Deepsort techniques
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.01385.pdf

[6] DeepSOCIAL: Social Distancing Monitoring and Infection Risk Assessment in COVID-19
Pandemic https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-68650/v1

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