1A

Past Simple
The past simple of regular verbs ends in -ed.
-d, -t read -ed, other case read just -d
We use did / didn’t for negative and interrogative forms of all verbs except be. We do not use
did / didn’t with modal verbs (can, must, etc.)

1B
Dynamic and state verbs
Dynamic verbs describe actions and can be used in the simple or continuous form.
State verbs describe states or situations and are not usually used in continuous tenses.
Common state verbs include:
believe, belong, hate, know, like, love, mean, mind, need, prefer, remember, understand, want
Some verbs can be used as either state or dynamic verbs, depending on their meaning.
Dynamic: What are you thinking about? (=mental activity)
State: What do you think of this film? (=opinion)

Contrast: Present Simple and Present Continuous

the Present Simple for habits and routines
the Present Simple for permanent situation or facts
the Present Simple for timetables and schedules (e.g school timetables)
the Present Simple in future time clauses (starting with when, as soon as, after, if, etc.)
the Present Continuous for something happening now or about now
the Present Continuous for describing annoying behavior (with always with annoying action)
the Present Continuous for future arrangements (talk about people in the future)
1C
Adjectives
Adjectives ending in -ed usually describe a feeling, (usually for person feelings)
while similar adjectives ending in -ing describe something or somebody that causes the feeling.

Adjectives: negative prefixes

Adjectives beginning with un-, dis-, im-/ in- / il- / ir- have a negative meaning.
unenthusiastic, disorganized, impatient, inflexible, dishonest, unkind, disloyal, impatient, unreliable,
insensitive

Adjectives endings
a) noun + -ful = giving or full - hopeful, meaningful
b) noun + -less = without– hopeless, meaningless
c) noun + -ly or -y = like, with the quality – friendly, snowy
d) verb + -able = possible – drinkable, affordable
Other adjectives ending have no particular meaning but usually go with either a noun or a verb.
e) Noun + -ous – adventurous, mountainous
f) Verb + -ive – impressive, supportive

1D
Articles
1) We use a when we talks about something for the first time. We use the if we mention it again
2) We use the when it is clear what we talking about, perhaps because there is only one of them
3) We use a/an to say what someone’s job is (none for plural)
4) We don’t use an article when we are making a generalization
5) We use a/an to mean ‘per’ or ‘in each’

Expressions:
the – at the weekend, in the morning/afternoon/evening, listen to the radio, go to the cinema/,
play the guitar
no article – for names
don’t have article – on Monday, at night, watch TV, listen to music, go to bed, go to school/work,
be at/in home/at work/in hospital/at university, have breakfast/lunch/dinner

P.S
under, on, above, at, near - we use the (just one item and it’s clear what we talking about)
we use an – when we have verb to be (like ‘is’)

‘will’ and ‘going to’

a) For prediction, we use:
1. going to when it is based on what we can see or hear
2. will when it is based on what we know or is a guess
b) For plans, we use
1. going to when we have already decided what to do
2. will when we are deciding what to do as we speak
c) For offers and promises, we use:
will

Used to/Use to-/Use to?

We use used to plus the infinitive without to to describe past situations or habits that are
different now.