Monterey, Gerald Artem

12-Stem A

What I Know

1. A
2. C
3. A
4. D
5. D
6. A
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. C

What I Have Learned

Activity 4.1.3. Explain me! Explain the phenomena/theory involved why certain actions affect the rate
of reaction. Minimum of two sentences.

1. Smaller pieces of charcoal can cook the food faster.

because smaller pieces of charcoal have a larger total exposed surface area compared to bigger pieces.

2. Storing food in refrigerator makes food last longer.

refrigeration is to slow down the activity of bacteria (which all food contains) so that it takes longer for
the bacteria to spoil the food.

3. Small pieces of food are cooked faster.

The more surface area that is available for particles to collide, the faster the reaction will occur.

4. Cooking of food using pressure cooker can be done faster.

the pressure cooker traps that hot air and moisture with the food, which expedites the cooking process.

5. Using platinum in manufacturing nitric acid reduces the production’s cost.

Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes .
What I Can Do
Activity 4.1.4. Know me! Answer the following questions. You may refer to books and the internet to
solidify your explanation.
1. What is the relationship between each of the following factors and the reaction rate: reactant
concentration, temperature of the reaction, physical properties of the reactants, physical and chemical
properties of the solvent, and the presence of a catalyst?

When the concentration of all the reactants increases, more molecules or ions interact to
form new compounds, and the rate of reaction increases. When the concentration of a
reactant decreases, there are fewer of that molecule or ion present, and the rate of reaction
decreases.

2. Why does the reaction rate of virtually all reactions increase with an increase in temperature? If you
were to make a glass of sweetened iced tea the old-fashioned way, by adding sugar and ice cubes to a
glass of hot tea, which would you add first?

As the average kinetic energy increases, the particles move faster, resulting in more collisions per unit
time and more energy when they collide. First dissolve sugar in the hot tea, and then add
the ice.

3. Explain why an egg cooks more slowly in boiling water in Denver than in New York City. (Hint:
Consider the effect of temperature on reaction rate and the effect of pressure on boiling point.

The atmospheric pressure will be lower because it is at a higher altitude. As a result, the atmospheric
pressure has reduced at higher elevations, and the atmospheric pressure has decreased. Okay, fine. So
the boiling point remains the point at which the vapor pressure equals the air pressure.
What’s More
Activity 4.2.2. Let’s do this! Answer the following problems. Write your full solution on your answer
sheet and box the final answer.

The conversion of cyclopropane to propene in the gas phase is a first-order reaction with a rate constant
of 6.7 x 10-4 s -1 at 500°C.

A. If the initial concentration of cyclopropane was 0.25 M, what is the concentration after 8.8 min?
8.8x60= 528 seconds

B. How long (in minutes) will it take for the concentration of cyclopropane to decrease from 0.25 M to
0.15 M?
ln[A]= ln[A]0-(kt)
ln[A]= ln(0.25M)-(6.7x10^-4)(8.8)
ln[A]= -1.386- 0.005896
ln[A]= -1.74

C. How long (in minutes) will it take to convert 74 percent of the starting material?
[A]= e^-1.74
FINAL ANSWER= 0.18M

What I Have Learned

Activity 4.2.3. Explain me! Explain your answer in 2 or more sentences.

On March 11, 2011, the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan was severely damaged by a huge
tsunami caused by a strong earthquake. As a consequence, radioactive materials have accidentally
spilled out of the power plant, exposing its immediate environment to high doses of radiation. Since
then, scientists have been monitoring the amount of radiation in the area. Unfortunately, radiation is
still high until 2016. Explain why even after almost five years, radiation is still high in the vicinity of the
power plant.

The reason for the high radiation levels is because the power plant contains a variety of radioactive
chemicals with varying half-lives. Some elements have lengthy half-lives, such as Uranium-238, while
others have short half-lives, ranging from seconds to minutes, making the power plant unsafe.
What I Have Learned
Activity 4.3.3. Explain me! Briefly explain the following in 2 or more sentences.
1. Explain how activation energy and catalysts affect the reaction rates.

the Energy Barrier for Activation Catalysts open up a new reaction pathway in which the A.E. is lower. is
available. A catalyst speeds up a process by lowering the activation energy, allowing more reactant
molecules to collide with enough force to overcome the lower energy barrier.

2. What are the different types of catalyst? Describe each.

(1) Homogeneous, reaction mixture and catalyst both are present in the same phase.

(2) Heterogeneous (solid), catalysts exist in a different phase than the reaction mixture.

(3) Heterogenized homogeneous catalyst and catalysts in contrast to their homogeneous

counterparts are much more difficult to develop practically.

(4) Biocatalysts.  Natural proteins (enzymes) or nucleic acids (RNA or ribozymes and DNAs)
used to catalyze specific chemical reactions outside the living cells is called biocatalysis.

3. Explain the importance of catalysts in relation to the energy requirement needed for a reaction to
take place.
A catalyst is a material that speeds up the pace at which a chemical reaction occurs. A catalyst creates a
lower-activation-energy alternative pathway for the reaction. When the activation energy is smaller,
more reactant particles have adequate energy to react, resulting in a faster reaction.
 What I Can Do
Activity 4.3.4. Experiment time! Prepare the materials
needed and follow the procedure below. Then, answer
the questions given in your answer sheet.
Materials: small potato, calamansi juice, knife
Procedure:
1. Prepare two small slices of raw potato.
2. Dip one slice immediately into the calamansi juice.
3. Wait for 1-2 minutes and compare the two potato
slices.

Questions:
1. Why do you have to wait for 1-2 minutes before you
observe the potato slices?
To see process of osmosis work of the calamansi juice
in the slice of potato.

2. Which slice of potato turns brown? Explain.

The one’ that exposed to the air

3. Which substance acts as the inhibitor? What is the importance of the inhibitor to produce such a
reaction

A chemical that binds to enzymes and reduces their activity is known as an enzyme inhibitor.
An inhibitor's binding can prevent a substrate from entering the active site of an enzyme and/or prevent
the enzyme from catalyzing its reaction. The binding of inhibitors might be reversible or irreversible.
Assessment: (Post-Test)
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. A
10. D