6/1/22, 1:31 PM Electrical Friend: Sign Conventions for Energy Meter

More
Create Blog
Sign In

Electrical Friend
Blog to help electrical engineers in the field of transmission

Akshara Computer Center Map An Introduction to ADO.NET Developing website with database Directional Overcurrent Relay - MTA

Microsoft Excel - Advance Use With VBA Understanding Resolution of Digital Instrument

Followers

Sign Conventions for Energy Meter Followers (15)

Whether you noticed that CT

connection to energy meter in S/S are such that we
connect S1 to “OUT” terminal
of the meter instead of “IN”. Have you noticed that sign
convention for import
and export of MW and MVAR being reported to LD from EHV S/S
are reverse as
compared to that used at EHV consumer end? Have you faced difficulties
about
polarity while doing connection of CT wire to MFM or ABT meter? Then this
explanation may help you.
Consider a SLD of small power system
as shown in figure-1 having three busses, a
source and an inductive load. This
SLD also shows CT and PT connected to Bus-B along
with primary and secondary
terminal identification for polarity.
Consider +Ve half cycle of the
voltage. Corresponding to this cycle conventional
direction of current shown
through line AB and BC. Follow
Accordingly secondary currents also
shown for devices DC. From the diagram we
can observe that whenever
voltage is entering (?) in device Dc; current is also entering.
Thus for device
Dc and for pure resistive load voltage and current will be in phase.
Obviously
when load is inductive current will lag by some angle as shown in vector
diagram for device Dc. Blog Archive

▼ 
2019
(3)
▼ 

▼ 
June
(1)
▼ 

An
introducti
on to
developin
g Website
with
Database

► 
April
(1)
► 

► 
February
(1)
► 

► 
2018
(1)
► 

► 
2017
(2)
► 

electrical-friend.blogspot.com/p/sign-conventions-for-energy-meter.html 1/4
6/1/22, 1:31 PM Electrical Friend: Sign Conventions for Energy Meter

From the above figure-1 we can conclude that

when active power is exported from
bus; angle between voltage at that bus and
current is - 900 to + 900  and when active
power being imported this
angle will be more than + 900 or less than - 900.
Furthermore we know the formula for calculating
power as complex number (like a
+ Jb) is as below

S = V.I*

Where S is complex power V is

voltage vector represented as complex number
and I* is complex conjugate of
current. Using this formula we will calculate complex power
for supply voltage
of 220kV and current of 400Ampere for different angle and tabulate the
result
for ready reference.

From above table we can conclude that

theoretically for export from bus MW is +Ve
and for import to the bus MW is
–Ve.
According to this theory if energy
meter is connected at consumer end with
CONSUMER VIRTUAL BUS as reference (CT
P1 is towards consumer); the energy meter
will record –Ve for power being
consumed. This –Ve recording for power consumption
does not seems normal. Hence
it is general practice to reverse P1 and P2 of CT at EHV
consumer end (P1
towards grid supply and P2 towards consumer) as shown in Figure-2;
to have
understandable sign convention; (+Ve) for power being consumed.

For EHV S/S as per connection

convention shown in Figure-1 and calculations with
this convention (Table-1)
this export power will be +Ve. Hence to match with consumer
end power; EHV S/S
end power to be recorded as –Ve and NECESSARY to call it is
EXPORT. To happen
this we have to REVERSE the CT connections to meter at EHV bus
as shown in
Figure-2.

electrical-friend.blogspot.com/p/sign-conventions-for-energy-meter.html 2/4
6/1/22, 1:31 PM Electrical Friend: Sign Conventions for Energy Meter

Thus considering transmission

network bus as reference Export power (active and
reactive) becomes –Ve and
Import power becomes +Ve. With this convention Table-2 with
LD convention is
displayed as below.

electrical-friend.blogspot.com/p/sign-conventions-for-energy-meter.html 3/4
6/1/22, 1:31 PM Electrical Friend: Sign Conventions for Energy Meter

Energy meter quadrants for MW and MVAR

recording AT CONSUMER END are as
shown below for reference

From EHV S/S point of view

conventions of +Ve and –Ve will reverse i.e. Q1-VI
quadrant will be Q3-VI
quadrant and Q2-VI quadrant will be Q4-VI quadrant.

1 comment:

Vijay Katrale 14 August 2019 at 03:02

This article is very helpful for understanding the concept of sign convention for energy meter. Now I got the basic reason for
reversing the IN OUT standard, that is to maintain the harmony with consumer meter.
Reply

Enter comment

Home

Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)

Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.

electrical-friend.blogspot.com/p/sign-conventions-for-energy-meter.html 4/4