3.

Concepts of Bonding
Basics of Organic
Chemistry 1

Anupam Gupta
Anupam Gupta
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Concepts of Bonding
Basics of Organic
Chemistry 1

Anupam Gupta
 What are the common features of the organic compounds?

● All organic compounds contain carbon atoms and most contain hydrogen atoms.

● All the carbon atoms have four bonds. A stable carbon atom is said to be
tetravalent.
 What are the common features of the organic compounds?

● Other elements may also be present. Any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen is
called a heteroatom. Common heteroatoms include N, O, S, P and the halogens.

● Some compounds have chains of atoms and some compounds have rings.
 Classification of organic compounds

Organic Compounds

Acyclic or open chain or Cyclic Compounds

aliphatic compounds
CH3-CH2-CH3(Propane)

Homocyclic compounds Heterocyclic compounds

Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons
Valence Electrons
 Keep track of electrons: Formal Charges

A formal charge (FC) is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, assuming that
electrons in all chemical bonds are shared equally between atoms

Formal Charge = [# of valence electrons] – [non-bonded electrons + number of bonds]

Formal Charge: +1
Formal Charge: +1
Formal Charge: -1
Calculating Formal Charge
Calculating Formal Charge
Calculating Formal Charge
Lewis Octet Rule: Is the Carbon with +1 Formal Charge Unstable?
Lewis Octet Rule: Is the Nitrogen with +1 Formal Charge Unstable?
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
Geometry & Hybridization
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