Basics Of Organic Chemistry 3

Formal Charge
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Basics Of Organic Chemistry 3
Formal Charge
Allylic Carbon
Allylic Carbon
Allylic Carbon
Allylic Carbon
Allylic Alcohols
Phenylic Carbons

sp2 hybridised carbon which is the part of an aromatic ring ,is called phenylic carbon.
Benzylic Carbons
Benzylic Carbons
Benzylic Carbons
Bridgehead Carbons
Julius Bredt’s Rule

A bridge head carbon can not be planar i.e. sp2 hybridised unless one of
the ring contains at least 8 carbons.
Julius Bredt’s Rule
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Degree of Unsaturation
Bond Length
▪ Bond length decreases across a row of the periodic table as
the size of the atom decreases.

▪ Bond length increases down a column of the periodic table as

the size of the atom increases.
Bond Length
Bond angle determines the shape around any atom bonded to
two other atoms.
▪ The number of groups surrounding a particular atom
determines its geometry. A group is either an atom or a
lone pair of electrons.

▪ The most stable arrangement keeps these groups as far

away as possible. This is exemplified in valence shell
electron pair repulsion (VSEPR theory.
Shape Of Molecules

Number of groups Geometry Bond angle

Two groups Linear 180°

Three groups Trigonal planar 120°

Four groups Tetrahedral 109° 28′

What is the hybridization of indicated atom in the given molecules?

(a) (b) (c)

Rewrite the three dimensional structure of given molecule.
(a) CH4
(b) CH2BrCl
(c) NH2Br
(d) HCHO
(e) CH3 – COOH
The compound which contains all the four 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° carbon
atoms is
A. 3,3-dimethylpentane
B. 2,3,4-trimethylpentane
C. 2,3-dimethylpentane
D. 3-chloro-2,3-dimethylpentane
The compound

contains
A. Twelve 1° ‘H’ atoms only
B. Two 2° and twelve 1° ‘H’ atoms
C. Two 3° ‘H’ atoms only
D. Twelve 1° and two 3° ‘H’ atoms
Which of the following compounds contains only 2° carbon
atoms?
A. Pentane
B. 2-methylpentane
C. Methylcyclopentane
D. Cyclohexane
Number of σ and π bonds in the given compounds is
CH2 = CH – CH = CH – C ≡ CH
A. 10σ and 3π
B. 11σ and 4π
C. 12σ and 4π
D. 11σ and 3π
Find state of hybridisation of C2, C3, C5 and C6 in the given
hydrocarbon in the sequence.

A. 10σ and 3π
B. 11σ and 4π
C. 12σ and 4π
D. 11σ and 3π
What kind of hybridisation is present on ‘N’ atom in molecules
1, 2 and 3?

(i)

(ii) CH3CH2CN
(iii) CH3CONH2
A. sp3 in each
B. sp2, sp and sp2
C. sp2, sp and sp3
D. sp3, sp and sp3
Formal Charge
Formal Charge
Formal Charge
Formal Charge
How To Use Curved Arrows?
Only Three Ways
Only Three Ways
Only Three Ways
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