Mulf-Step Methods

Cnenena Mull-step Mtho tel.k)

Comler the P 2=&(,u)
al)=7,,

The
he gra9
Poznls ane debzre ,1
hhh b
hne-4-h7
2 10)NN
to t o
es
Detame m
6(bn,m) 6
er
Ther 2mearz mll-3ePlor2 n-AHN uzi)
C fhe eerna
methe kr2 he Soltiom ) mray be r2ten a3

4ht2tT{h-rT)
th[bot b,6,+ -- T h , n -

rt ,Zith b,i+
of,

uhene hzo the sep-432 ana

' and b'
gaven neal anstomts.

I b =o, then the meAhe) i a l EPcet

2t bo t°, i} 2 Calle an Lamttf methd,
eyK-2(juu-zkpmedhd) Ynr f,+B
+hCbb,6,thbn
K-3(fthree-Aep mrethod) t mth-tm2
thEabi th, kn t6tnTb m-2
 Nole tha
Javen. Jm merna/ (zmear

mult-lep metin
uelwes ob . ane
Ne2ned to and h Gnotehum ba th he
lie
.
The hlves ol Y%.
he Samgl-sep meyhed, Can b obtoenex

The enerza zreasR mulli-step relh e) Gm

WTitkm as

ek2mee Ebezirg 2 h t oPeradm

we moo Rc-urzik 3) a

- ) mt)-h( bEth¬+ ) =o
Or7,PE) n-t) -hsE) n-ti =O
uhene P g 5 ane
Prromals debimeS6
FG)--4-4 -2

G)= tS+h1+h
AMUTre ftmt the Pynomaals PG) s(S) hae ve
Commem sa ctons, othenuk (3) Com be reluce
fo a htkeneme evahom ok
kouen onlern,
onderz to deferzmmne the
Cue CUrzee t h lcal fnuncakm
Gebka ccek
error as b

h. LTE =T - hb,
2-0
6)
 r (1-
(+d t)
-
- = 3
-l =
Fq-2-10 5
-1 = uaym
+d 213+--+,45+H1b+ hy
(+-
Sp
- - - y+°ML=
s ) (
 2)
Desam bm
-

The Cemea
multsslep
mefhk

2Ao2l to b ob ondeeP, 25 LTE = CCHH)

2e
Cp Pt)
Thus lo2 unchum t)E c P12 b2 Some

o mstamt t o , the p"onderz multa-seP

metin& s gacn b 2) . Then
h. LTE
Tmt pT|"
Cwhere Cpt Calle he enrare Gnlkam!.

Debambom The
he 2neorz mull-skp methooX e)
So te be Gmhzlet 2 im
ho
LTE70
Crz b e has orzderz
b7l 2e it
-G =0
Ce mow PS)=
PE)= M
g4s4* -
--

PU) =I- +
Ce - 2 9 =0
O) = b i
2
PO)= 1- =o Same
e PG)-"-4-3
PG)-"L4G+24S +3% T +K3,
a
P'o) L+2413%TTR)
=

KD-
TKK
P'O)= +2t2t T 2
 Now G-o
t72 t34, )-4tbt-)=o O

++2913t+K) -(e12t-- -50)=o

t P'C) -i-s() o Po-sOo
hus sra a Gnhskent melh , GG =o

PO=o, Po=sU
do2
Dekametn The
The Cemearz mll-skp methos

it he r e t ot
to Aatsby he r4t Grdpin
Carele 2n h
the lie 2nhde he Umt
PG) =o t
ane S2mPle ib theyeie
on

Cmer plameA
Plane
a
Uma- Cance, e lg]=1. Cz. G-+)9 ISl=1. ot
=

S2mPle.

Detzmitum The lemear mull-3ep mehok s

t he nverngent ek Cimm
ho / - hto
m-)
Detezmemahun o oeltaczents , 3 b;s
An
I 2t) 24 Polyom2al ok dag P
h.LTE= mti
en 2ndeRey
The anstanl ,G p , whch
Cp
ok 2t) Can be detezmerc y Choo42ge)=e
)=e
e
tmte
e

*y/
Th
-ek
= e"-u
e ek,
Naw h.UE =
m
nth
-h[b.+b,+hyt+h-io
-,e, 2a n 2

-Dh, Kh
Le- Dh- -2h
-hhehtbe -2 +b)) =
e hwh he
Pute S
.-%-h(be
-4%-hlbe"rb,
"rh,e h
h=bgg, ash>o, }7i
Aboie e nedwces to
(- -4 -2
- agCAh --+=
2 PG)- as )=o
Is 5G) 2s gaem, kram O) we Com
deterem2ry
Ik
PG) Logs8) -e)
PG) 2% gien nomO) ue am leterzm'ne
5S)= PG) -G)
As ho Ihence the term
g5.S) Cm be ezom
saPoiwerz serzees im G) Zn
PC) Cam 2) fhe te2m
be expemdes a a
fpern Seri 2r
() zn)
ode the = agLi-g]= Gu-C G