Asnynmn) -2

Summer 2023 Solutions:

L Herzs = 26 nd
M,=26t26 = 52
diqits e M
Let, is thu total num bere of
eharaetens. passQore ds with exaetly n

Pn 62-10
if Pass word is 8 eharaeterns&: 62-108

9charoe ters: 62 - 1o

s 10 ehartaeters 62°
.'.Total possibte passwonds Pgt P t P

Ans
Let X at3

Xit Xt X t Xy 15 t6 2)

ene
2)
 .'. Requre d solution
n -)

20241
Ans
2(b) Out
Out cme

Required Solution: 2
Ans

3))
Basis step,

=2

.'. P (n) is T RUE

In duetie step
2+6 t...t(4n- 2) 2n
2+6t..t (4k -2) =
2KY
 claim: P(K) tP (K+)
2K 2( K+i)"
Now,

2+6t10+...+ (4 K2)4 ( 4(K+)- 2)

= 2VV4t (4(K +)-2)
2KVt (4K+ h-2
= 2KVA (GK +2)

2KV+ yK+2
2 (K+ 2K.1 +1)
2 (K 4)
: . P(K+) is TRVE

3(6) Let n) be an 2'+3

Busis step: P(o) an2+3

PO) 2'+2
5
TRVE
Induatiwe step:
X> 2 ond
Suppose P()s true

true
P (K-2) ond P(K-) are
4 23 K-)
^K- 2K-2 K-2 2 K
+3

a 5 (2K-i ,K=)- 6(2K-2 + 3k)

5 (2 (2)- (
6 ) 4 5(3

TRUE.

4)a)
E4g (mod ioo)

z6t 555025 (mod l00)

4s = 25 (mod ioo)
’ 4i393 425 (mod io0)
25 (mod 100)
(744) a 25. 39 (mod os)
25 (mod oo)
(z44)954 = 75 ( mod oo) fone eery n 2
4)6)
Here,
m |(a-b) an dd ml(e-d)
a-b = Km

for im beqers K, l..

Now
bt d (nod m)

a- b t e-d

Kmt m
:. (K*) /m
(ate- (ot)) /m
at e E btd ( mo d m)
Now
(Proved)
ae= bd (mod m)
ae-
al bd

’ e(a- b) + b(e-)
t b l

(Cr
m )Cae bd)
ae bd (nod m)
rroed
(Proved)
5) Sin ee prume )

S milarly d

but

That's 4he con elusion

 Spnng 23
3As =1 Letter
2M 2lete

1)

Al A's are to , ethen

ZI21 902 206

waye
P--32
Ans

3]
aaing malhemtical Induction frore tat 2"y n
for all Integeog
Bugi's
Pn)=n?
=32)2$ [TRue
I-S (i)

claim

2k+7
222 k
2 2 k+)

2(mo) 3)-T
35
Conlutom s'nce we an find ho nten ger that
T
moenn2vis1
tMee
ble y 2 we Cn
is no lnteg erx canelud tht
that
sotfieolt-2)
 t

= low) (ol
(a1fow)
te) (9= pout) (ol

(2)
(ztw +
i(zt4)
iii(-Itu) t j(o i9
toth) iai(o-u)
 (t) (lt)
SHdSH7'.
A utumn 2022 solution:

1)() 23) 51

n
1)
1)6) Preoe K=0 (-)*(P)=
Know

(xay)"- (")n-re
K=0

puting
X =
(

(Prroved)
P=
83160 H 2
K= 1
cshen 20s ae nt \0! A =5

2 5!

Kequned solution =8 3160- 15120 Totkl -||

680 40
Ams:
3) Basi5 step :.
+3)
(0+1) (2KO +1)(2 *o
P(o) = 3

|x|X 3

[Trwe)
Induetive step:
(2K+) (k+) (2x+) (2K+) -)
Y+ 3+5+...t+(2K+)=

laim: (Kt)(2K+1) (2K+3) (Kt+I) (2(K+)+) (2(<+)+3)

3 3
(K+2) (2k+3) (K+5

Nos
T+3+5t...t (2K+)+ (2(K+1)+U (Kti)(2K+)(2k t3

(K+) (2Kt)(2K+)
t (2K +3)
 (K*) (2 K+1) (2K +3) (2K +3)3
3 3

(24+3) (K t) (2K )+ (2k+ 3)3)

2Kt 3k+I t 6K +9)

2K+3) /2+
3 (2x. 9K+ I0)
| 2KYt 5K+4R+10)
3
(K+3)
(K (2K+s) 2(24)+5))
(
(2K4)(K+)(2K +)
3

:. P (K+ () is TRUE
Prad
n be odd>I

(n+)
Ans
No
2' - 2 (msod 22)
25-32 lmod 7)
2 =5 ( mod 7)
26.z4- 5.24 (mod 2
2
(mod 22)
2 = 80 (mod 27)

(mod 2')
(2}'- u' (mod 2)
29
( m
od 23)
(Praud
 2022 solutioms
Spaing
1
Here
A =3 ’ 1 lelerr

a
Bis Cixed a 4he firrst
frt poskon
!.P= 8!
20160
2| ags
X = X-)

-2

Here 3X+3 t 3z =5)

f17-3-2-)

Requinod soution, 13e 2

3(a)

Basis tep:
PC) t 12

133

elaim: 33 |.Kt)+| + 12

133 | K+2 +122k+|

Prof: K*2 I2
ZK + {

+ 12 122K ~

(1334+1). 2k
+12=)+3}. ei2k4
3)b)
Basis step: p) - (i+)1 -I

[Tue]
I.:

1()+2(2)+3(3)+ k!) =
laim:
PCK) ’
(k+)-t)
P(K)’ (K+|+)) -

IH:
1(!)+2()+... t K(K!J+ (K+i) (K+))
= (x+I)!-+ (K+)(K+1)|

= (K+1)) + (i+K +i)-1

= (K+1)! (n+ 2) -I
- (K +2) -)
P(e+)is True
1313

-343
240|

13 =3
132
13)
I34
=1
zI313
13 77 digt
--1
4)6)
Case 1 : al3

a+ 2
Now
= 3x +3+|

bt divisibe by 3
Cose 2; at2 I5 divisible by 3.

a t2.|3

a +23 =3K

5o, oa = 3K - 2, divisi bla by 3

atK = 3K t+3 3 = not divisi ble by 3

Case 3; et at X i5
divisible by 3, 50 at
a X 3 K

a 3k -4 =3(K-)-I
diuisi be by 3
a+ 2 = 3 X - 2 (no t
diviaibe by 31
3)
J4mmer 2022

X5e1=360 Way
31X 3C X 4c

bino miad expar sion

sing ()*
(I+n ()+|")+ ()+.+
Paing =2) (2)
C)+ () +()2+.+
(i+2)m =
·2
(Pro ved)
3x+3y+> = Si

Ayt2=t3+2 t)
23

Reguired Solytiona
?+23-l A
 Slaret frot o
n=0 all non
no ne

usis
[True
Intuctive Stef (42+2t
2*

Intactive hypo thepi !

P(u)’P(u1)
(e+)t1-l=2 kt2-1
Clam > 24

142+2+....+*2k+2ktI = 24-42kt!
=22kl-)
2

(feoie))
31 Comsider
ao =2

an= an t 2an-2 fno 2

(-)M fon a non

Prove an3 (n)-
Lek p(n) be an =3 4n )-
(-)
a o= )-)

[treuet
Let k 7/ 2 amd teue torn

Rle-2) and

=3 (: 2-)-(-)2(3 (6e-)-y)
-3(2-|-ytols(2 ~))
 modloo) 1252n+
=3s( 2n l35 -
(oe) (nod 35s25 135
=3
L35=s
3S)109 iteef dkao last the Find b
sinee, (otc), al .
egu n Is n m
(n4n a anant"bte-
Let
ayisKtI 2+3 81(n-)j
Since
(4k4?)-) =)n
43) n=
(
2
(Proved tre (e)is
k)--)* (-lt)= (-1)k =32}
|35l09I