v/;k; & r`rh;

'kks/k fof/k] midj.k ,oa lk¡f[;dh

3-1 izLrkouk %&
fdlh Hkh vuql/a kku dk;Z dh lQyrk cgqr lhek rd mldh O;ofLFkr
;kstuk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ,d lqfu;ksftr ;kstuk vuqla/kku ds ekxZ esa vkus
okyh vusd dfBukbZ;ksa esa deh yk nsrh gSA ,d vuql/a kkudÙkkZ vius vuqlèa kku
dks vkjEHk djus ls iwoZ mlds lHkh i{kksa ds lacaèk esa igys gh fu.kZ; ysdj
fu;kstu djrk gS rFkk ;g fu;kstu vuqlaèkkudrkZ ds mn~n's ;ksa dks izkIr djus
esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA fdlh Hkh vuqlèa kku dk;Z ds izHkko'kkyh] lqfuf'pr]
O;ofLFkr ,oa Øec¼ v/;;u ds fy, v/;;u fof/k] midj.k] U;kn'kZ ,oa
lkaf[;dh; fof/k;ksa dk Li"V :i ls Kku gksuk vko';d gSA vr% izLrqr
vè;k; esa v/;;u dk izk:i&v/;;u fof/k] iz;qDr midj.k] U;kn'kZ rFkk
lkaf[;dh dk vè;;u fd;k x;k gSA

tktZ ts-ewys ds vuqlkj %&

**'kSf{kd leL;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, O;ofLFkr :i esa ckSf¼d <ax

ls oSKkfud fof/k ds iz;ksx rFkk vFkkZiu dks vuqla/kku dgrs gSaA blds foijhr
fdlh O;ofLFkr v/;;u ds }kjk f'k{kk esa fodkl fd;k tk;s rks mls 'kSf{kd
vuqla/kku dgrs gSaA**

71
jsMeSu] ,y-ch- ds vuqlkj %&

**uohu Kku izkIr djus ds fy, O;ofLFkr iz;kl gh vuqla/kku gSA**

ewujks MCY;w-,l- ds vuqlkj %&

**vuqla/kku leL;kvksa ds vè;;u dh ,d fof/k gS] ftUgsa rF;ksa ds

vk/kkj ij iw.kZ vFkok viw.kZ lek/kku <wa<uk gSA vuqla/kku ds fy;s rF;]
O;fDr;ksa ds dFku ;k er] ,sfrgkfld rF;] ys[k vFkok vfHkys[k] rF;ksa ls
izkIr ifj.kke] iz'ukoyh ds mÙkj vFkok iz;ksxksa ds }kjk izkIr lkexzh gks
ldrh gSA

mi;qZDr rF;ksa ls Li"V gksrk gS fd fdlh Hkh vuqla/kku dks djus ls

iwoZ mlesa iz;qDr dh tkus okyh fof/k;ksa o izfof/k;ksa dk Li"V mYys[k 'kksèkdÙkkZ
ds efLr"d esa gksuk pkfg,] ftlls 'kks/kdÙkkZ dks viuk dk;Z lEiUu djus esa
ljyrk vuqHko gksrh gSA

3-2 v/;;u dk izk:i %&

lanfHkZd lkfgR; ds izdk'k esa leL;k dks fu/kkZfjr djus ds i'pkr~
fdlh Hkh 'kks/k dk;Z djus okys ds fy;s bl ckr dh vko';drk jgrh gS fd
og fuf'pr <ax ls 'kks/k izk:i dk l`tu djsA blds fy, vko';d gS fd 'kks/kd=hZ
mu lHkh iz.kkfy;ksa] fof/k;ksa ,oa rduhd dk ;FkklaHko iw.kZ:is.k vocks/k
izkIr djs] ftudk mi;ksx og vius v/;;u esa djuk pkgrh gSA tkWu- MCY;w

72
csLV us dgk gS fd 'kksèkdk;Z esa iz;qDr izfØ;k dk foLr`r o.kZu gksuk vko';d
gSA nÙk lkexzh ds Lo:i dh igpku] nÙk lkexzh dks ,d= djus esa iz;qDr
lk/kuksa }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA

3-3 izLrqr 'kks/k esa iz;qDr fof/k %&

'kSf{kd vuqla/kku dh vusd oSKkfud fof/k;ka gSa] dksbZ Hkh fof/k
vU; fofèk ls Js"B ugha dgh tk ldrh gS] D;ksafd izR;sd fof/k dh vR;fèkd
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA

'kS{kf.kd leL;kvksa ds izfr losZ{k.k fof/k lokZf/kd O;kid :i esa

iz;qDr dh tkus okyh fof/k;ksa esa ls ,d gSA bldk dk;Z {ks= nÙk ds laxzghdj.k
,oa lkj.khc¼ djus ds vfrfjDr O;k[;k] rqyuk] ekiu] oxhZdj.k] ewY;kadu
,oa lkekU;hdj.k Hkh gSA ;g orZeku 'kSf{kd leL;kvkas dks gekjs le{k izLrqr
djrh gS rFkk mUgsa gy djus dh fof/k;ksa dh vksj ladsr djrh gSA

'kSf{kd leL;kvksa esa losZ{k.k fof/k O;kid :i ls iz;ksx esa yh tkus

okyh fof/k;ksa esa ls ,d gSA bldk iz;ksx LFkkuh;] jkT;h;] jk"Vªh; rFkk
vUrjkZ"Vªh; i{kksa dk v/;;u djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl fof/k dk
lEcU/k orZeku esa mifLFkr ifjfLFkfr;ksa rFkk lEcfU/kr izpfyr O;ogkjksa]
fo'oklksa ;k vfHko`fÙk;ksa ls gS tks fd fodflr gks jgh gS] izLrqr vè;;u esa
losZ{k.k fof/k iz;qDr dh x;h gSA

73
losZ{k.k fof/k dk vFkZ ,oa ifjHkk"kk,¡ %&

'kSf{kd leL;kvksa o vuqla/kkuksa esa losZ{k.k fof/k lokZf/kd O;kid :i

esa iz;Dq r fd;s tkus okys mikxeksa ;k fof/k;ksa esa ls ,d gSvuq
A la/kku fof/k ds eq[;
rhu mn~ns'; gSa] lS¼kfUrd] rF;kRed ,oa mi;ksxA ;s mn~ns'; vuqla/kku dh
fofHkUu fof/k;ksa ,oa O;wg jpukvksa ds iz;ksx djus ij izkIr gksrs gSaA losZ{k.k ,d
izdkj dk lE;d voyksdu gSA

losZ{k.k 'kCn dk vaxzsth :ikUrj.k survey nks 'kCnksa & sur + vey
ls feydj cuk gS] tgk¡ sur dk vFkZ over rFkk vey dk vFkZ to look gksrk
gSA bl izdkj survey 'kCn dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ ns[kuk ;k fujh{k.k djuk gSA
losZ{k.k ls rkRi;Z ,sls v/;;uksa ls gS] ftlesa fd vuqla/kkudÙkkZ fdlh fo'ks"k
LFkku ij tkdj dqN voLFkkvksa ;k ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls lacaf/kr lgh lwpukvksa dk
ladyu djrk gSA

ftl izdkj Hkwrdky dh leL;kvksa dh [kkst] muds dkj.kksa dk

vUos"k.k] mudk o.kZu rFkk O;k[;k ,sfrgkfld fof/k dgykrh gS] mlh izdkj
orZeku dky esa fo|eku rF;ksa dk v/;;u] o.kZu ,oa O;k[;k djus okyh fof/k
vkn'kZ ewyd losZ{k.k dgykrh gSA 'kSf{kd leL;kvksa ds izfr losZ{k.k mikxe
lokZf/kd O;kid :i esa iz;qDr fd;s tkus okys mikxeksa esa ls ,d gSA

74
losZ{k.k fof/k dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ %&

losZ{k.k fof/k dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ fuEu izdkj ls gSa %&

1- djfyaxj ds vuqlkj %&

^^losZ{k.k vuqla/kku NksVh ;k cM+h tula[;k ls izfrn'kZ ysdj

lekt'kkL=h; ;k euksoSKkfud pjksa ds vUr% lEcU/kksa] lacaf/kr lk{;ksa rFkk
forj.kksa dk v/;;u djrk gSA^^

2- osYl ds vuqlkj %&

^^los{Z k.k fof/k fdlh laLFkk vFkok laLFkkvksa ds lq/kkj ds fy, lacfa /kr
egRoiw.kZ rF;ksa dk ladyu ,oa ijh{k.k gSA^^

3- ewys dk er gS fd %&

^^losZ{k.k fof/k ls vf/kd vU; vkSj fdlh fof/k dk iz;ksx 'kSf{kd

vuqla/kku esa ugha gksrk gSA**

4- lh-okbZ-Xykd ds vuqlkj %&

ßlosZ{k.k vuqla/kku dh iwNrkN ds ,d ,sls <ax ds :i esa le>k tkuk

pkfg,] tks vkadM+s laxzg dh ,d fof'k"V iz.kkyh dks fo'ys"k.k ds fof'k"V
Lo:i ds lkFk lEcfU/kr jgrk gSAß

75
5- osLVu 'kCndks"k ds vuqlkj %&

**okLrfod tkudkjh ds fy, fd;k x;k vkykspukRed fujh{k.k gh

losZ{k.k dgykrk gSA bl fof/k dk iz;ksx fdlh {ks= esa fuf'pr izdkj ds rF;ksa
dh tkudkjh izkIr djus gsrq djrs gSaA ;|fi vuqla/kku esa losZ{k.k fof/k dk
izeq[k mn~ns'; ;g gksrk gS fd orZeku esa bldk :i D;k gS\ vFkkZr~ leL;k
;k ?kVuk dk fooj.k djuk gSA**

losZ{k.k fof/k dh fo'ks"krk,¡ %&

losZ{k.k fof/k dh fuEu izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa %&

1- bl fof/k ds vUrxZr ,d gh le; esa cgqr lkjs yksxksa ds ckjs esa

vkadM+s izkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA

2- bldk lEcU/k O;fDr;ksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa ls u gksdj iw.kZ la[;k dh

lkekU;hd`r lkaf[;dh ls gksrk gSA

3- losZ{k.k xq.kkRed ,oe~ la[;kRed nksuksa izdkj dk gksrk gSA

4- tfVyrk dh n`f"V ls losZ{k.k i;kZIr :i ls fofo/krkiw.kZ gksrs gSaA

5- ;g vuqla/kku dk egRoiw.kZ izdkj gS] ftlesa Li"V :i ls ifjHkkf"kr

leL;k rFkk fuf'pr mn~ns'; lfEefyr gksrs gSaA

6- ;g oSKkfud fl¼kUrksa ds laxfBr Kku dks fodflr ugha djrkA

76
7- ;g orZeku uhfr;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k djrk gS rFkk orZeku leL;kvksa dk
lekèkku izLrqr djrk gSA

8- ;g dbZ midj.kksa ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk djrk gS] ftlds }kjk ge

'kks/k izfØ;k dks iwjk djrs gSaA

9- losZ{k.k esa mRrjnkrkvksa dks dsoy Kkid ds :i esa ugha ns[kk tkrk]
cfYd mls ,d O;fDr ds :i esa Lohdkj djrs gq, ekuorkoknh
vf/kxe ds vkèkkj ij lwpuk izkIr dh tkrh gSA

10- losZ{k.k ds vUrxZr izk;% O;fDrxr lk{kkRdkj ds <ax dk iz;ksx

fd;k tkrk gSA iz'ukoyh dk Hkh i;kZIr :i ls mi;ksx gksrk gSA

11- blds vUrxZr fooj.kkRed] lg&lEcU/kkRed ,oa Li"Vhdj.k iz'uksa

dk mRrj nsus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA

losZ{k.k fof/k ds mn~ns'; %&

1- lwpukvksa dk ladyu %&

dqN losZ{k.k dfri; fof'k"V lwpukvksa dks ,df=r djus ds fy, gh

fd;s tkrs gSa tSls & ns'k esa f'kf{kr csdkjksa dh la[;k] lk{kkRdkj] 'kkyk esa
tkus okys ckydksa dh la[;k vkfnA

77
2- fdlh fof'k"V dkjd ds vfLrRo dk irk yxkuk %&

vusdksa ,sls losZ{k.k gks ldrs gSa] ftlesa ge ,d fo'ks"k er] n`f"Vdks.k
vFkok fopkj dk irk yxkuk pkgrs gSaA

3- dk;Zdkj.k lEca/k dk Kku %&

losZ{k.k }kjk ?kVuk ls lEcaf/kr rF;ksa dk laxzg fd;k tkrk gS rFkk

bldh foospukvksa ds vk/kkj ij blds dkj.k dh [kkst dh tkrh gSA
4- fdlh O;ogkj vFkok ?kVuk dk iwokZuqeku yxkuk %&
midYiuk,¡ fdruh lR; gSa mldk vuqeku Hkh losZ{k.k dks O;ogkj esa
ykdj fd;k tkrk gSA
5- nks pjksa ds chp ikjLifjd lEca/k dk irk yxkuk %&
dbZ ckj losZ{k.k ds vk/kkj ij ge pjksa ds chp ds lEca/k dk irk
djuk pkgrs gSaA
losZ{k.k fof/k dh izfØ;k ,oa lksiku %&
loZizFke losZ{k.k fof/k esa ml fo"k; dk fu/kkZj.k djuk gksrk gS]
ftl ij losZ{k.k djuk gksrk gSA losZ{k.k rHkh oSKkfud dgk tkrk gS tcfd
fdUgha iwoZ fu/kkZfjr lqfuf'pr mís';ksa ds fu/kkZj.k ds i'pkr~ ;g fuf'pr
fd;k tkrk gSA fd losZ{k.k izkIr vkadM+kas dk fo'ys"k.k dSls fd;k tk,\
losZ{k.k dk eq[; vk/kkj gS] *midj.k*A vr% budk p;u mi;qDr <ax ls

78
djuk pkfg,A losZ{k.k fof/k }kjk mUgha rRoksa dk ladyu fd;k tkrk gS tks
orZeku ls lEcfU/kr gSA 'kks/kd=hZ us vius y?kq'kks/k vè;;u esa vkn'kZ ewyd
losZ{k.k fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
losZ{k.k fof/k ds izeq[k lksiku%&
losZs{k.k fof/k esa vusd lksiku gksrs gSa tks fuEufyf[kr gSa%&
1- mís';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k %&
losZ{k.k rHkh oSKkfud dgk tk ldrk gS tc og iwoZ fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa
dks è;ku esa j[kdj fd;k tkrk gSA losZ{k.k dsoy vkadM+kas dk ladyu ek= gh
ugha gS vfirq vkadM+ksa dk ladyu iwoZ fu/kkZfjr mís';ksa ds vuqlkj gks rFkk
muls dksbZ egRoiw.kZ fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk;s rHkh og lgh ek;us esa losZ{k.k
dgykrk gSA vr% losZ{k.k dk izFke lksiku miyC/k lk/kuksa o le; lhek dks
/;ku esa j[krs gq, mís';ksa dk fu/kkZj.k djuk gSA
2- midj.kksa ,oe~ izfof/k;ksa dk p;u %&

losZ{k.k ds mís';ksa ds fu/kkZj.k djus ds ckn ;g fuf'pr fd;k tkuk

pkfg, fd losZ{k.k ds vkadM+kas dk ladyu dSls fd;k tk;sxk\ blds fy;s
fdu midj.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk;sxkA mu midj.kksa dk mi;ksx fdl ij o
fdl izdkj ls fd;k tk;sxk\ mldh ;kstuk iwoZ esa gh fuf'pr dj yh tkrh
gSA ;fn dksbZ midj.k Loa; fufeZr gks rks mldk fuekZ.k Hkh dj fy;k tkuk
pkfg,A

79
3- midj.kksa dk ijh{k.k %&
losZ{k.k gsrq ;fn midj.k dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k gS rks mldh oS/krk]
fo'oluh;rk ,oa mikns;rk dh tkap ds fy;s ijh{k.k vko';d gks tkrk gSA
ijh{k.k ls rkRi;Z gS ftl midj.k dks mi;ksx esa ysuk gS mldks U;kn'kZ ds
dqN Hkkx ij izdkf'kr dj ysuk gSA blds }kjk midj.k esa lq/kkj fd;k tk
ldrk gSA lkFk gh gesa mu fcUnqvksa ds ckjs esa ladsr feyrk gS ftudk lekos'k
geus gekjs midj.k esa ugha fd;k vFkok ftudh gesa iwoZ esa dYiuk u gksA
4- izfrn'kZ dk p;u %&
izfrn'kZ dk p;u ;fn Bhd fof/k ls gqvk gks rks ml ij vk/kkfjr
ifj.kke mrus gh fo'oluh; gksrs gSa] ftrus dh lEiw.kZ lef"V ij vk/kkfjr
ifj.kkeA vr% izfrn'kZ dk p;u losZ{k.k dk egRoiw.kZ lksiku gS] blls
losZ{k.k esa le; o vFkZ dh cpr gksrh gSA ;gka izfrp;u bl izdkj ls djuk
pkfg;s fd izfrn'kZ iwokZxzgksa ls eqDr gksA izfrn'kZ dk vkdkj losZ{k.k ds
mís';ksa ds o iz;qDr izfof/k ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A
5- nÙk ladyu o fo'ys"k.k %&
;g losZ{k.k dk vfUre lksiku gSA izfrn'kZ dk p;u dj ysus ds
i'pkr~ fuèkkZfjr frfFk;ksa ij ladyu djuk pkfg;sA mlds i'pkr~ ml lkexzh
dk lkekU;hdj.k ,oa fo'ys"k.k djuk pkfg;sA fo'ys"k.k dh ;kstuk ;fn ge
igys ls gh cuk ysa rks mlds vuqdwy nÙk lkexzh dk ladyu fd;k tkrk gSA

80
losZ{k.k fof/k dk egRo%&

dqN f'k{kk 'kkL=h losZ{k.k vuqla/kkuksa dh x.kuk mRd`"V dksfV ds

vuqlaèkku esa ugha djrs gSaA ijUrq blesa lansg ugha fd losZ{k.k }kjk ftl
izdkj dh cgqewY; tkudkjh ,d= dh tkrh gS mldh ns'k ds fu;kstdksa
dks cM+h vko';drk gksrh gSA vr% mudk egRo de ugha le>uk pkfg,A
losZ{k.k dk egRo fuEukafdr dkjdksa ls gS%&

1- blls orZeku izo`fÙk dk irk yxrk gS ftlls leL;kvksa dk lek/kku

djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA

2- losZ{k.k }kjk Hkkoh fodklØe dk ladrs izkIr gksrk gSA

3- losZ{k.kksa }kjk vuqla/kku ds vusd midj.kksa ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk

feyrh gS ftudh lgk;rk ls fofHkUu izdkj ds vuqla/kku fd,
tkrs gSaA

4- ;g i`"BHwkfe ds fopkj ,oa rF; izLrqr djus esa lgk;d gksrk gS fd

ftuds }kjk dbZ dj.kkRed lac/a kksa ds 'kksf/kr iz;ksxkRed rFkk fu;af=r
v/;;u fd, tk ldrs gSaA

5- losZ{k.k esa oSKkfud fof/k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA vkSj mlh ds }kjk
ladfyr rF;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] oxhZdj.k] ek=kadu] lkekU;hdj.k
vkfn fd;k tkrk gSA

81
losZ{k.k fof/k dh mi;ksfxrk %&

losZ{k.k fof/k ds mi;ksx dks le>krs gq, lq f [;k vkS j egjks = k us

fy[kk gS fd &

**vkn'kZ ewyd losZ{k.k lk/kkj.kr;k ,sls vuqla/kkuksa ds fy, iz;qDr

fd;k tkrk gS] ftldk mn~n's ; ;g Kkr djuk gksrk gS fd orZeku esa lkekU;
rFkk izfrfuf/k fLFkfr D;k gSA**

1- losZ{k.k f'k{kk dh fLFkfr;ksa] O;ogkjksa] leL;kvksa vkfn ds v/;;u

dk ,d n`f"Vdks.k ;k <ax gSA

2- bl fof/k dk iz;ksx f'k{kk] LFkkuh;] jkT; Lrj ;k jk"Vªh; Lrj vFkok

vUrjkZ"Vªh; i{kksa dk v/;;u djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA

3- bldk dk;Z{ks= rF;ksa ds ladyu] lkj.kh;u] oxhZdj.k] ekiu]

ifjrqyuk] ewY;kadu] lkekU;hdj.k vFkok fu"d"kZ fudkyuk gSA

4- ;g Hkkoh fodklksa ds Øe dh vksj ladrs djrh gSA

5- ;g vusd midj.kksa ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk djrh gSA

6- ;g 'kks/k ds fodkl dks rh{.k n`f"V iznku djrh gSA

7- ;g i`"BHkwfe ds fopkj vkSj n`'; izLrqr djrh gSA

82
3-4 'kks/k esa iz;qDr U;kn'kZ %&
U;kn'kZ fdlh Hkh vuqla/kku dk;Z dh vk/kkjf'kyk gksrk gSA U;kn'kZ
lEiw.kZ tula[;k dk ,d va'k gksrk gSA U;kn'kZ dk rkRi;Z lEiw.kZ ls]
vè;;u ds fy, ,slh bdkbZ dks i`Fkd djuk gS] tks lEiw.kZ dk izfrfuf/kRo
djrh gSA U;kn'kZ ftrus lVhd gksaxsa] mrus gh gekjs ifj.kke iqf"Vdkjd ,oa
fo'oluh; gksaxsaA U;kn'kZ lef"V dk og vax gksrk gS] ftlesa lef"V dh
leLr fo'ks"krkvksa dk Li"V izfrfcEc jgrk gSA U;kn'kZ ds p;u ds izØe
dks izfrp;u dgrs gSaA

vuqla/kku rFkk 'kks/k ds iz;ksx dk izk:i U;kn'kZ dh izfof/k ij

vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA ,d mÙke izdkj ds 'kks/k dk;ks± esa U;kn'kZ rFkk mldh
tula[;k lEcUèkh leLr lwpukvksa dks fn;k tkrk gSA ,d 'kq¼ :i esas
izfrfuf/kRo djus okys U;kn'kZ ls 'kks/k ds lkekU;hdj.k ds ckjs esa vf/kd
ls vf/kd lwpuk,¡ izkIr dh tk ldrh gSaA

ftl izdkj ,d eqV~Bh vukt ls iwjh cksjh ds vukt dk vuqeku

yxk;k tk ldrk gS] mlh izdkj fdlh {ks= esa fLFkr O;fDr;ksa esa ls FkksM+s
O;fDr;ksa dks izfrfufèk ds :i esa ysdj ml {ks= ds Lo:i dks fuf'pr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA

83
U;kn'kZ dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ %&

U;kn'kZ dh vusdksa ifjHkk"kk,¡ nh xbZ gSa] tks bl izdkj gSa %&

1- xqM ,.M gkWV ds vuqlkj]

**U;kn'kZ ,d foLr`r lewg dk fuEure izfrfuf/k gSA**

2- ih-oh-;ax ds vuqlkj]

**,d lkaf[;dh; ,d fuEure vkdkj ;k lEiw.kZ lewg vFkok ;ksx

dk ,d va'k gS] ftlls U;kn'kZ dks fy;k x;k gSA**

3- MCY;w th- dksdju ds vuqlkj]

**izR;sd foKku dh 'kk[kk esa gekjs lkèku lhfer gSa] blfy, lEiw.kZ
rF; ds ,d va'k ls vf/kd dk v/;;u ugha dj ikrs rFkk mlds ckjs esa Kku
izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA**

U;kn'kZ ds p;u dh vko';drk %&

U;kn'kZ dh p;u dh vko';drk ds dkj.k fuEu gSa %&

1- le; dh cprA

2- /ku dh cprA

3- vf/kd lR;rk dk KkuA

4- iz'kkldh; lqfo/kk,a

84
 5- foLr`r tkudkjhA

6- lEiw.kZ tula[;k dk v/;;u laHkoA

7- fo'oluh;rk

8- izk;ksfxd v/;;u esa mi;qDrrkA

bl izdkj U;kn'kZ }kjk cks¼xE;rk Hkh ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA lkFk gh

lax.kuk fof/k }kjk v/;;u djus ls eqfDr feyrh gSA vr% de ifjJe vkSj
de [kpZ esa gh lexz dk v/;;u gks tkrk gS vkSj U;kn'kZ ds ek/;e ls izkIr
gksus okys fu"d"kZ lexz ds Åij ykxw fd, tk ldrs gSaA

U;kn'kZ dh fof/k;k¡ %&

tula[;k dk iw.kZ izfrfuf/kRo djus ds fy, U;kn'kZ izkIr djus vusd

fof/k;kaW fodflr dh x;h gSaA U;kn'kZ dh ifj'kq¼rk tula[;k lEcU/kh gekjs
Kku ij ;k ml fof/k ij fuHkZj djrh gS ftlls U;kn'kZ fy;k x;k gSA

lkekU;rk iz;qDr gksus s okyh U;kn'kZ fof/k;ksa esa izeq[k bl izdkj gsSa%&

I. ;kn`fPNd

II. oxhZÏr ;k dksVk

III. vuq"kkafxd ,oa liz;kstuA

85
1- ;kn`fPNd U;kn'kZ %&

;kn`fPNd dk vfHkizk; gS fd gesa fuf'pr p;u fof/k ij fo'okl

djuk gS tks cgqr cM+s lewg ;k tula[;k dks fcuk fdlh i{kikr ds miyCèk
djk ldsA

,d U;kn'kZ esa ;kn`fPNdrk dk vk/kkj ml le; feyrk gS] tcfd &

1- fdlh tula[;k esa izR;sd O;fDr ;k i'kq ;k oLrq dk pqus tkus

;ksX; la;ksx gSA

2- tc fdlh ,d O;fDr ;k oLrq dk pquko fdlh Hkh :i esa

nwljs ds pquko ds fodYi ls izHkkfor u gksA

euksfoKku ,oa f'k{kk dh vuqla/kku leL;kvksa esa ;kn`fPNd U;kn'kZ

ysrs le; rhu ifjfLFkfr;kWa iSnk gksrh gaS] tks bl izdkj gS%&

1- tula[;k ds lnL; ye ;k lwphc¼ fd, tkrs gSaA

2- tula[;k esa xq.kksa dk forj.k Kkr gSA

3- tula[;k lkekU; :i ls tkuh tkrh gSA

2- oxhZÏr ;k dksVk U;kn'kZ%&

oxhZÏr ;k dksVk U;kn'kZ og fof/k gS tks izfrfuf/kRo fu/kkZj.k dh

fuf'prrk gsrq bLrseky dh tkrh gS] ,oa i{kikr nwj djus gsrq ifj"d`r

86
;kn`fPNr U;kn'kZ fofèk dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ;kstuk ml le;
ykxw dh tkrh gS tc tula[;k dk laxBu fofHkUu vkdkj ds milewgksa ;k
oxks± ls gqvk gks] ftlls izfrfuf/kRo U;kn'kZ izR;sd oxZ] mioxZ ds vkdkj ds
vk/kkj ij O;fDr;ksa dk laxBu dj ldsA

3- vkuq"kkafxd U;kn'kZ@vkdfLed U;kn'kZ%&

blesa izfrn'kZ ds fy, bdkbZ;ka pquus esa dksbZ izkjfEHkd ;kstuk ugha
cukuh iM+rh A ;g mu lewgksa ij ykxw gksuk pkfg, tks eq[;r% iz;ksx gksrs gSa
D;ksafd os lqfoèkkiwoZd ,oa ljyrk ls izkIr gSa tSl&s Vªus ] cl] gksVy] dkWyt
s ]
flusek vkfn esa tks Hkh O;fDRk feys mlls gh leL;k lEcU/kh tkudkjh izkIr
dj yh tkrh gSA

U;kn'kZ dh fo'ks"krk,¡ %&

1- U;kn'kZ fof/k esa lexzrk dk izfrfuf/kRo gksrk gSA

2- U;kn'kZ fof/k esa fo'oluh;rk dk Lrj mPp gksrk gSA

3- vkadM+kas ds ladyu esa fu;af=r fLFkfr;ksa dk gksuk vko';d gSA

4- U;kn'kZ esa vPNk izfrn'kZ mn~ns';ksa ds vuq:i gksrk gSA

U;kn'kZ ds mn~ns'; %&

1- blds }kjk vYi le; esa ifj.kke tkuus dh {kerk iznku dh tkrh gSA

87
2- blds }kjk de [kpZ ij vko';d lwpuk iznku dh tk ldrh gSA

3- blds }kjk izfrp;u izlkj.k dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4- blls leLr lef"V ds LFkku ij dqN fxuh&pquh bdkbZ;ksa dk v/

;;u fd;k tk ldrk gSA

5- blds }kjk fu"d"kksZ esa ifj'kq¼rk rFkk ;FkkZFkrk ds Lrjksa dks LFkkfir
fd;k tk ldrk gSA

U;kn'kZ ds ykHk ,oa egRo %&

1- vf/kd lR;rk dk Kku gksrk gSA

2- iz'kklfud lqfo/kk,¡ gks tkrh gSA

3- vkadM+kas ds ladyu esa vf/kd fo'oluh;rk ,oa ifj'kq¼rkA

4- le;] Je o /ku dh cprA

5- foLr`r tkudkjh izkIr gks tkrh gSA

6- lEiw.kZ tula[;k dk v/;;u U;kn'kZ }kjk laHko gks tkrk gSA

izLrqr 'kks/k esa iz;qDr U;kn'kZ %&

izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u izcU/k esa vuqla/kku dk;Z gsrq U;kn'kZ p;u ds
fy, Jhxaxkuxj ftys ds mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds 100 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fy;k
x;k gSA 'kks/kd=hZ us p;fur fo|ky;ksa ds mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fd'kksj

88
ckyd o ckfydkvksa ij ekufld LokLF; o O;fDrRo ijh{k.k dks iz'kkflr
fd;k gSA

bu 100 fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 50 fd'kksj ckyd ,oa 50 fd'kksj

ckfydkvksa dk p;u fd;k x;k gSA 50 fd'kksj ckydksa esa ls 25 ckyd
ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ls ,oa 25 ckyd xSj&ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ls rFkk
50 fd'kksj ckfydkvksa esa ls 25 ckfydk,¡ ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ls ,oa 25
ckfydk,¡ xSj&ljdkjh fo|ky;ksa ls p;fur dh xbZ gSaA

izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u ds U;kn'kZ dks fuEu lkj.kh ds vuqlkj oxhZd`r

fd;k x;k gS %&

fo|ky; ljdkjh xS j &ljdkjh ;ksx

fo|kFkhZ fo|ky; fo|ky;
ckyd 25 25 50
ckfydk 25 25 50
;ks x 50 50 100

1- izLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa Jhxaxkuxj ds mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds 100

fd'kksj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fy;k tk;sxkA
2- mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds 100 fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 50 fd'kksj ckyd rFkk
50 fd'kksj ckfydkvksa dk p;u fd;k tk;sxkA

89
3- fd'kksj ckydksa (50) esa ls 25 ckyd ljdkjh fo|ky; ls o 25
ckyd xSj ljdkjh fo|ky; ls fy;s tk;saxsA

4- blh izdkj fd'kksj ckfydkvksa (50) esa ls 25 ckfydk,¡ ljdkjh fo|ky;

ls o 25 ckfydk,¡ xSj ljdkjh fo|ky; ls p;fur dh tk;sxhA

3-5 'kks/k v/;;u esa iz;qDr midj.k %&

fdlh leL;k ds v/;;u gsrq uohu rFkk vKkr nÙk ladfyr djus ds
fy, vusd fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA izR;sd izdkj ds vuqla/kku ds
fy, uohu nÙk ladfyr djus gsrq dfri; ;a=ksa ;k midj.kksa dh vko';drk
gksrh gSA fofHkUu mn~ns';ksa ds fy, fHkUu izdkj dh lwpuk ladfyr djus ds fy,
fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj ds midj.k mi;qDr gksrs gSaA vius vuqla/kku mn~ns'; dh
iwfrZ ds fy, vuqla/kkudrkZ bu midj.kksa esa ls ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd midj.kksa
dk mi;ksx dj ldrk gSA

midj.kksa ds izdkj %&

midj.kksa dks nks oxks± esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS %&

1- izekihd`r midj.k

2- vizekihd`r midj.k

izekihd`r midj.k %&

izekihd`r ijh{k.k os gksrs gSa] ftudk fo'ks"kKksa }kjk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk

90
gSA ;g ijh{k.k dh ,d fo'ks"krk izdV djrk gS] ftlds vanj funsZ'k] fof/k] iz'u
,oa tkapus dk rjhdk vkfn igys ls gh fuèkkZfjr gksrs gSaA

izekihd`r midj.k dk vFkZ o ifjHkk"kk,¡ %&

izekihd`r 'kCn dk vFkZ gS & fdlh ifjeki rFkk Lrj rd yk;k gqvkA
izekihd`r midj.k dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ fuEu izdkj ls gSa %&

1- ,ukLVklh ds vuqlkj %&

^^izekihdj.k fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k ds iz'kklu ,oa x.kuk lEcU/kh izfØ;k dh

,d:irk ls lacaf/kr gksrh gSA^^

2- FkkWuZMkbd o gSxu ds vuqlkj %&

^^izekihd`r ijh{k.k dk vFkZ dsoy ;g gS fd lHkh Nk= leku funsZ'kksa dks

le; dh leku lhekvksa ds vUrxZr leku iz'uksa vkSj vusd iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsrs
gSAa ^^

bl izdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd izekihdj.k fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k ds lEiw.kZ

iz'kklu dh fof/k ,oa mikns;rk dks fo'kn :i ls Li"V djrk gSA fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k
dks izekihd`r cukus ds fy, uewuk] iz'kklu] vad iznku djuk] fo'ys"k.k ,oa
oxhZdj.k] oS/krk ,oa fo'oluh;rk vkfn inksa ls gksdj xqtjuk iM+rk gSA

vizekihd`r midj.k %&

vizekihd`r ijh{k.kksa dks v/;kid fufeZr ijh{k.k Hkh dgrs gSaA ,sls

91
midj.k] tks vuqla/kkudrkZ }kjk Lo;a miyC/k lkfgR; ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd;s
tkrs gSa] vizekihd`r midj.k dgykrs gSaA

bu ijh{k.kksa dk fuekZ.k d{kk&v/;kid viuh vko';rkuqlkj 'kh?kz ls

'kh?kz dqN iz'uksa dh jpuk djds v/;kid fufeZr ijh{k.k cuk ysrk gSA v/;kid
fufeZr ijh{k.k v/;kid dh rkRdkyhu vko';drk dh iwfrZ rks djrk gS] ijUrq
budh fo'oluh;rk rFkk oS/krk ds laca/k esa dksbZ izek.k ugha gksrs gSaA

izLrqr v/;;u esa iz;qDr midj.k %&

izLrqr v/;;u esa 'kks/kd=hZ us rF;ksa ds ladyu gsrq nks izekihd`r
midj.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS] tks fd fuEu izdkj ls gSa &
1. Mental Health Battery - Dr. Arun Kumar Singh,

(MHB) Test Dr. Alpana Sen Gupta (Patna)

2. Dimentional Personality - Dr. Mahesh Bhargava

Inventory (DPI) Test

1. ekufld LokLF; izekiuh (Mental Health Battery) :-

'kks/kd=hZ }kjk ekufld LokLF; ekiu gsrq v:.k dqekj flag ,oa vYiuk
lsu xqIrk dh ekufld LokLF; izekiuh dks dke esa fy;k x;k gSA ;g ,d izekihd`r
midj.k gSA bl ijh{k.k dk iz;ksx mPp ek/;fed Lrj ds fd'kksj ckyd&ckfydkvksa
ds ekufld LokLF; dks ekius esa fd;k x;k gSA bl ijh{k.k esa dqy 130 in gSaA

92
funsZ'k %&
ekufld LokLF; izekiuh ijh{k.k ds lgh iz'kklu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr
funsZ'kksa dk ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg, &
(1) izR;sd Hkkx ds fy, vyx funsZ'k gSa vkSj Hkkx ds vkjEHk esa fn;k x;k gSA
ijh{kkFkhZ funsZ'kksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+as vkSj ;fn dksbZ nqfo/kk gks rks viuk gkFk
mBkdj og mls iwN ldrk gSA ijh{kd ijh{kkFkhZ dks lko/kkuhiwod
Z le>k,¡A
(2) izFke ikap Hkkxksa ds fy, dksbZ le; lhek ugha gSA ;|fi lkekU;r% ,d
lkekU; ijh{kkFkhZ] tks fd lkekU; ekufld LokLF; dk gks] iz'uksa dk mÙkj
nsus esa 25 fefuV dk le; yxkrk gSA
(3) NBk Hkkx ,d xfr'khy ijh{k.k gSA bl Hkkx ds fy, dqy 10 fefuV dk
le; fn;k x;k gSA izR;sd ijh{kkFkhZ ijh{kd ds funsZ'kksa ij gh izR;sd in
ds fy, vius mRrj nsus 'kq# djs vkSj mUgsa le; ij lekIr djsA ftruh
tYnh laHko gks] mUgsa vius dk;ks± dks izkjEHk djuk gSA
vadu %& MHB ijh{k.k dk vadu nks Hkkxksa esa fd;k x;k gS &
Hkkx A, Hkkx B
Hkkx A :- in la[;k 1 ls 4 lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj ls lEcfU/kr gS]
ftlds mRrj ds fy, 4 fodYi d] [k] x vkSj ?k fn;s x;s gSa] ftuesa ls in la[;k
2] 3] 4 dk vadu Øe'k% 1] 2] 3] 4 ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gS vkSj in la[;k
1 ds fy, 5 fodYi d] [k] x] ?k o M+ dk vadu Øe'k% 5] 4] 3] 2] 1 ds

93
vkèkkj ij fd;k x;k gSA blh rjg bl Hkkx ls lEcfU/kr izkIrkadksa dk ;ksx dj
lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj lEcU/kh fu.kZ; bl izdkj fy;s tk;saxsa %&
15&17 ¾ mPp lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj
9 & 14 ¾ e/;e lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj
8 vFkok de ¾ fuEu lkekftd&vkfFkZd Lrj
Hkkx B :- izR;sd in ds mÙkjksa dks (izR;sd Hkkx esa) vadu dqath esa fn;s
x;s mRrjksa ls feyku djuk gS vkSj mls lgh mÙkj ds fy, $ 1 vad iznku djuk
gSA ;fn os mRrj] mRrj dqath ds mRrjksa ls feyku ugha [kkrs gSa rks mUgsa 0 vad
iznku djus gSaA
mÙkj dqath
Item Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15 No ugha
Part – I
Item Nos. 6, 11, 13 Yes gk¡
16, 19, 22, 26, 27, 30, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43,
Item Nos.
47, 49, 50, 52, 53
Yes gk¡
Part – II
17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33,
Item Nos.
34, 36, 38, 39, 44, 45, 46, 48, 51, 54, 55
No ugha
Part –III
Item Nos. 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66 A d
Item Nos. 56, 57, 59, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70 B [k
Part –IV
Item Nos. 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 82 Yes gk¡
Item Nos. 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 85 No ugha
Item Nos. 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100 Right lgh
Part –V
Item Nos. 90, 98, 99 Wrong xyr
Item Nos. 101, 105, 106, 109, 113, 117, 125, 127 a d
107, 108, 110, 115, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123,
Item Nos.
124, 126, 128, 129
b [k
Part –VI
Item Nos. 103, 104, 114, 121 c x
Item Nos. 102, 111, 112, 116, 130 d ?k

94
fo'oluh;rk %&
*ekufld LokLF; cSVjh* ijh{k.k dh ckg~; LFkkf;Ro fo'oluh;rk vkSj
vkUrfjd fo'oluh;rk dh x.kuk dh xbZ gSA uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh esa bldk
izLrqrhdj.k fd;k x;k gSA
Odd-even
Mean Test-retest
Part Area N (Whole length)
Age Reliability
Reliability
1 Emotional Stability rtt = .876 rtt = .725
2 Over-all Adjustment rtt = .821 rtt = .871
3 Autonomy 15.6 rtt = .767 rtt = .812
102
4 Security – Insecurity yrs. rtt = .826 rtt = .829
5 Self – Concept rtt = .786 rtt = .861
6 Intelligence rtt = .823 rtt = .792

Note :- lHkh lglaca/k xq.kkad lkFkZd gSaA (P < .01)

oS/krk %&
izkfjEHkd fodflr fHkUu ijh{k.kksa ds fo:¼ ;g MHB ijh{k.k oS/k gSA
MHB dk Hkkx izFke laosxkRed fLFkjrk ijh{k.k ds fo:¼ oS/k Fkk] tks fd lsu
xqIrk o flag (1985) }kjk fodflr FkkA Hkkx f}rh; mPp fo|ky; lek;kstu
bUosUVjh ds fo:¼ oS/k Fkk] tks fd flag o lsu xqIrk (1987) vkSj fgUnh
Adapation of Bell's Adjustment Inventory eksgflu] 'ke'ksn vkSj tsgu
(1967) }kjk fodflr FkkA Hkkx & III o Hkkx V dks oS/krk dh x.kuk ds fy,
fufeZr fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkx IV ds U;wjksfVTe ekiuh of MPI tks fd tyksVk ,oa
diwj (1975) }kjk fodflr Fkh] ds fo:¼ oS/k FkkA Hkkx & VI dh oS/krk tyksVk
ds lkewfgd lkekU; ekufld ;ksX;rk ijh{k.k (1976) dh rqyuk esa oS/k gSA

95
MHB dk dsoy lEcfU/kr Hkkx ;kn`fPNd U;kn'kZ 102 ds fy, i;kZIr {ks= iznku

djrk FkkA
ijh{k.k ds funsZ'kksa o {ks=ksa dks fuEukuqlkj fn;k x;k gS & bldk fooj.k
lkj.kh esa fn;k x;k gS %&
Concurrent Construct
Part of MHB N Part of MHB N
Validity Validity
.676*
.704* Part III : AY .681*
Part : ES 102 102
.821* Part V : SC .601*
.823*

* P < .01

2- O;fDrRo ijh{k.k (Dimensional Personality Inventory) %&

O;fDrRo ds ekiu gsrq MkW- egs'k HkkxZo }kjk fufeZr izekiuh iz;ksx esa yh
xbZ gSA ;g ,d izekihd`r midj.k gSA bl ijh{k.k dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% 14 o"kZ
ls de mez ds ckyd&ckfydkvksa ds O;fDrRo ekiu gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA bl
ijh{k.k dk fuekZ.k Nk=ksa dh fØ;k izfrfØ;k] mRlkg&fu:Rlkg] lansg] fo'okl]
laoxs kRed vkfn ds ekiu ds mn~n's ; ls fd;k x;k gSA bl ijh{k.k esa izkjEHk esa 90
iz'u Fks] ijUrq fo'ys"k.k ds i'pkr~ 60 iz'uksa dks gh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g
ijh{k.k fgUnh o vaxzsth nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa esa gSA
iz'kklu %&
;g ijh{k.k fdlh Hkh fyax ls lEcU/k j[kus okys 14 o"kZ rd dh mez ds
cPpksa ij iz'kkflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ijh{k.k dks oS;fDrd vkSj lkewfgd

96
nksuksa rjg ls iz'kkflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl ijh{k.k dks ijh{k.k iz'kkld fodYi
ds rkSj ij mu yksxksa ij] tks i<+us esa vleFkZ gSa vFkok fdlh chekjh dh otg ls
v;ksX; gSa] ij Hkh iz'kkflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
funsZ'k %&
funsZ'k cgqr ljy gSaA izR;sd O;fDr vkSj lewg dks funsZf'kr fd;k x;k fd
os izR;sd dFku dks /;kuiwoZd i<+sa vkSj vius mÙkj dks rhu fodYiksa **gk¡**]
**vfuf'pr** vkSj **ugha** ds vk/kkj ij laxzfgr djsaA ftu dFkuksa dks og vius
O;ogkj vkSj izd`fÙk ds vuqlkj lgh ekurs gSa] muds vkxs fn, x, **gk¡** ds [kkus esa
() dk fpg~u yxk;sa vkSj ;fn og lgh ugha gS rks **ugha** ds [kkus esa () dk fpg~u
yxk;sa vkSj ;fn og mlds ckjs esa vfuf'pr gS rks **vfuf'pr** ds [kkus esa () dk
fpg~u yxk;saA
vadu %&
izR;sd lgh vuqfØ;k dks 2 vad fn, x, gSaA **vfuf'pr** dks 1 vad
fn;k x;k gS] tcfd xyr vkSj ftl ij dksbZ vuqfØ;k ugha dh xbZ gSA mls thjks
(0) vad fn;k x;k gSA O;fDrRo ls lEcfU/kr lHkh fgLlksa dks N% izekf.kd {ks=ksa esa
oxhZd`r fd;k x;k gS] ftuds I, II, III, IV, V vkSj VI esa lewg cuk, x, gSaA izR;sd
lewg esa 10 dFku gSa vkSj O;fDrRo ds izR;sd {ks= ls lEcfU/kr tks vadu izkIr
gksxk] og 0 ls 20 rd izkIr gksxk] ftudh ckn esa {ks=ksa ds vuqlkj x.kuk dj yh
tk;sxh rFkk izR;sd Hkkx ls izkIr fd;k x;k dqy eku vadu rkfydk ds izR;sd Hkkx
ds uhps vafdr jkW Hkkx esa LFkkukUrfjr fd;k tk;sxkA

97
fo'oluh;rk %&
DPI dh fo'oluh;rk fuEufyf[kr fof/k;ksa }kjk fuf'pr dh tk ldrh
gS%&
1- DPI dk fLFkjrk xq.kkad ijh{k.k dh iqu% ijh{k.k fof/k }kjk x.kuk dh xbZ

FkhA rhu lIrkg dh le;kof/k esa 200 dkWyst tkus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds
U;kn'kZ ij (iq#"k o efgyk ds lewg dks cjkcj ckaVk x;k Fkk) vkSj 15
fnu ds le;kof/k esa 50 euLrkih Mªx dk lsou djus okys U;kn'kZ ij
vkSj 50 ekufld jksfx;ksa ij dh xbZ Fkh vkSj bu lHkh ekeyksa esa budh
lkFkZdrk Lrj dks lkj.kh 1 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS vkSj ;g mPp fo'oluh;rk
dks n'kkZrk gSA

lkj.kh & 1
College College Narcotic
Psychiatric
Sr. going going Drug
Personality Traits Patients
No. Boys Girls Abusers
rtt rtt rtt rtt
i Activity - Passivity .69 .72 .67 .62
ii Enthusiastic – Non-enthusiastic .78 .74 .72 .66
iii Assertive – Submissive .72 .64 .58 .64
iv Suspicious – Trusting .82 .78 .73 .68
v Depressive – Non-depressive .76 .72 .68 .54
Emotional Instability –
vi .84 .82 .69 .48
Emotional Stability
Total No. (N) = 100 100 50 50
All the rtt are significant at .01 level*

98
2- ;g bUosUVjh lUrqf"V fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad dks funsZf'kr djrh gS] ftldks
lkj.kh 2 esa fofHkUu U;kn'kZ ij v¼Z&foPNsn fof/k esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k FkkA
;gka ij lHkh fo'oluh;rk xq.kkad lkFkZd vkSj mPp fo'oluh;rk dks
n'kkZrs gSaA
lkj.kh & 2
College College Narcotic
Psychiatric
Sr. going going Drug
Personality Traits Patients
No. Boys Girls Abusers
rtt rtt rtt rtt
i Activity - Passivity .56 .57 .47 .39
ii Enthusiastic – Non-enthusiastic .62 .61 .52 .47
iii Assertive – Submissive .57 .52 .57 .52
iv Suspicious – Trusting .75 .76 .44 .47
v Depressive – Non-depressive .68 .68 .49 .58
Emotional Instability –
vi .78 .72 .56 .63
Emotional Stability
Total No. (N) = 50 50 50 50
All the rtt are significant at .01 level*

3- ;g bUosUVjh Hkh larfq "V fo'oluh;rk dks n'kkZrk gSA vkuqikfrd fof/k }kjk
bldh fo'oluh;rk dks Hkh n'kkZ;k x;k FkkA tgka ij fofHkUu O;fDrRo ds
vUr% lacaèkksa dks 66 vUr% laca/k eSfVªDl esa lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA
bls Internal Consistancy ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA Psychologi-
cally humogeneous (Bhargava, 2001) ekiu midj.k esa bu lHkh
inksa vkSj ijh{k.kksa dks vuqekfur fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkj.kh & 3 fofHkUu
O;fDr;ksa ds chp vUr% lg&lEcU/k dks n'kkZrh gSA

99
 lkj.kh & 3
III IV
Personality Traits I II V VI
Activity - Passivity 1.0 - - - - -
Enthusiastic – Non-enthusiastic 0.34 1.0 - - - -
Assertive – Submissive 0.39 0.37 1.0 - - -
Suspicious – Trusting - 0.48 - 0.52 0.31 1.0 - -
Depressive – Non-depressive - 0.52 - 0.42 0.18 0.46 1.0 -
Emotional Instability – 0.29 0.33
- 0.42 - 0.20 0.41 1.0
Emotional Stability

;g 100 dkWyst tkus okys iq#"k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds U;kn'kZ ij vk/kkfjr gSA

;g lkFkZdrk ds Lrj 0-01 ds Lrj ij lkFkZd gSA ;g fofHkUu O;fDrRo ds
homogenity ds {ks=ksa dks n'kkZrh gS rFkk mPp fo'oluh;rk dks lqfuf'pr djrh

gSA
oS/krk %&
D.P.I. Test dh oS/krk dks LFkkf;Ro iznku djus ds Øe esa ;g bUosUVjh
O;fDrRo ds nwljs ekiuksa ds lkFk lg&lEcfU/kr gS vkSj ckgjh oS/k {ks=ksa ds :i esa
/kkfjr djrh gSA
1- tc D.P.I. ds fofHkUu O;fDrRo okys ijh{k.k dks lsu (1960) ds
vaxzsth vuqokfnr leku O;fDrRo okys lewg ds 8 dkjdksa ds fo:¼ 6
dks lg&lEcfU/kr fd;k x;kA izkIr lg&lEcU/k xq.kkadksa dks 80 fo"k;ksa
ds lewg ij lkj.kh&4 ds izkIrkad esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS vkSj lHkh mPp
lkFkZdrk ds 0-01 Lrj ij lkFkZd gSaA

100
 lkj.kh & 4
Sr. Coefficient of Sen’s PTI
DPI Personality Traits
No. Correlation (r) Personality Areas
i Activity - Passivity .74 Activity
ii Enthusiastic – Non-enthusiastic .69 Cyclothymia
iii Assertive – Submissive .79 Dominance
iv Suspicious – Trusting .82 Paranoid tendency
v Depressive – Non-depressive .66 Depressive tendency
Emotional Instability –
vi .84 Emotional Instability
Emotional Stability

2- bl ijh{k.k dh oS/krk lsu }kjk fgUnh vuqokfnr P.T.I. ijh{k.k ds fo:¼

Kkr dh xbZ gS] tks fd oekZ izlkn vkSj egktu }kjk fufeZr gSA bls 80
iz;ksT;ksa ds U;kn'kZ ij iz'kkflr fd;k x;k gSA izkIr laca/k xq.kkad dks
lkj.kh & 5 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS vkSj os larqf"V ds 0-01 Lrj ij
lkFkZd gSA
Sr. Coefficient of Sen’s PTI
DPI Personality Traits
No. Correlation (r) Personality Areas
i Activity - Passivity .58 Activity
ii Enthusiastic – Non-enthusiastic .67 Cyclothymia
iii Assertive – Submissive .57 Dominance
iv Suspicious – Trusting .72 Paranoid tendency
v Depressive – Non-depressive .68 Depressive tendency
Emotional Instability –
vi .56 Emotional Instability
Emotional Stability

101
3-6 'kks/k esa iz;qDr lkaf[;dh fof/k;k¡ %&
vuqla/kku esa lkaf[;dh fof/k;ksa dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA izkIr rF;ksa
dh la[;k dks oSKkfud fof/k ls fo'ysf"kr dj izkIr fd;s x, fu"d"kZ fo'oluh;]
vFkZiw.kZ o izekf.kr gksrs gSaA
MCY;w-vkbZ-fdax %&
^^lkaf[;dh i¼fr og iz.kkyh gS] ftlesa lkewfgd :i ls izkd`frd ,oa
lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk v/;;u vFkok vuqeku ds vk/kkj ij ladfyr vadksa dh
foospuk izkIr Qy ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA^^
izLrqr v/;;u esa 'kks/kd=hZ us fuEufyf[kr lkaf[;dh fof/k;ksa dk iz;ksx
fd;k gS %&
(1) e/;eku
(2) izekf.kd fopyu
(3) lh@Vh&ewY;

1- e/;eku %&
rF;ksa dh ijLij rqyuk gsrq ,d lekurk dk Lrj r; djuk gksrk gS vkSj
og Lrj fu/kkZfjr djus dk rjhdk gS e/;eku] tks iwjs vad lewg dk izfrfuf/kRo
djrk gS vFkkZr~ iwjs lewg dh fo'ks"krk dks crykrk gS] vr% ;g ,d mi;ksxh
fof/k gSA

102
 e/;eku Kkr djus gsrq leLr vadksa dks tksM+dj vad dh la[;k dk Hkkx
fn;k tkrk gSA bl izkIr HkkxQy dks e/;eku dgrs gSaA bls M }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k
tkrk gSA
oxhZd`r iznÙkksa dk e/;eku Kkr djus ds fy, laf{kIr fof/k viuk;h tk
ldrh gS %&

Σ fx'
e/;eku ¾ A.M. + __________
X i
N

A.M. ¾ dfYir ek/;

f ¾ oxkZUrj esa vko`fÙk;ksa ;k lnL;ksa dh la[;k
x' ¾ dfYir ek/; ls fopyu
Σ fx' ¾ lHkh vko`fÙk;ksa rFkk fopyuksa ds xq.kuQy dk ;ksx
N ¾ lewg ds lnL;ksa dh la[;k dk ;ksx
i ¾ oxkZUrjksa dk vkdkj

2- izekf.kd fopyu %&

jh'keS u ds vuqlkj] ^^ekud fopyu dks vkSlr fopyu dk oxZewy
Hkh dgrs gSaA ;g forj.k ds vkSlr ls lc fopyuksa ds oxks± ds oxZewy dk
vkSlr gksrk gSA^^

103
 izekf.kd fopyu] e/;d fopyu ds nks"k dks nwj djds mlds leku Js.kh
ds vadksa ds e/;d ls izkIr fopyu ds vkSlr dks izdV djrk gSA izeki fopyu
vfèkd izpfyr fopyu dk eki gSA blds vUrxZr e/;d ls izkIr fopyuksa dk oxZ
dj fn;k tkrk gS] ftlls /ku o ½.k fpUgksa dk fookn lekIr gks tkrk gSA blds
i'pkr~ bldk tks vkSlr vkrk gS] mldk oxZey
w fudkydj izekf.kd fopyu Kkr
dj fy;k tkrk gSA

Σ fx'2 Σ fx' 2

S.D. = i ------ - ------

N N

lw= dh O;k[;k %&

S.D. ¾ izekf.kd fopyu
Σ fx' ¾ izR;sd oxkZUrj dh vko`fÙk;ksa rFkk muds fopyuksa ds xq.kuQy
dk ;ksx
Σ fx' 2 ¾ fopyuksa ds oxZ ,oa vko`fÙk;ksa ds xq.kuQy dk ;ksx
N ¾ lewg ds lnL;ksa dh la[;k dk ;ksx
i ¾ oxkZUrj dk vkdkj

3- lh@Vh&ewY; ijh{k.k %&

nks lewgksa ds e/;ekuksa ds varjksa dh lkFkZdrk Kkr djus gsrq lh&ijh{k.k
dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bls Kkr djus gsrq loZizFke lewg ds e/;ekuksa dks

104
vkil esa ?kVk ysrs gSa rFkk bu nksuksa lewgksa ds izlkj.kksa dks lewg dh dqy la[;k
esa Hkkx nsdj vkil esa ;ksx dj izkIr ;ksxQy ds oxZewy dk Hkkx nsdj Vh dk
xf.kr ewY; Vh-ds- lkj.khd`r ls vf/kd ij e/;ekuksa esa lkFkZd vUrj gksxk ;k
ugha] Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA

D
______
C =
SED

;gk¡ ij] C = lh ijh{k.k e/;ekuksa ds varj dh lkFkZdrk gsrqA

D = e/;ekuksa esa vUrj (lnSo /kukRed eku)
SED = e/;ekuksa ds vUrj dh izkekf.kd =qfV
D = (M1 – M2) e/;ekuksa esa izkIr varj

σ12 σ22
SED = −−− + −−−

Ν Ν
1 2

^lh* ijh{k.k dk foLr`r lw=

M1 - M2
C =
σ12 σ22
−−− + −−−

Ν Ν
1 2

105
;gk¡ ij]
C ¾ lh ewY;
M1 ¾ izFke lewg dk e/;eku
M2 ¾ f}rh; lewg dk e/;eku
σ1 ¾ izFke lewg dk izkekf.kd fopyu
σ2 ¾ f}rh; lewg dk izkekf.kd fopyu
N1 ¾ izFke lewg esa la[;kvksa dk ;ksx
N2 ¾ f}rh; lewg esa la[;kvksa dk ;ksx
lkjka'k %&
'kks/kdk;Z esa v/;;u fof/k] izfof/k] midj.k ,oa U;kn'kZ dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku
gSA buds lgh ,oa mi;qDr p;u vkSj fodkl ij gh 'kks/kdk;Z dh oS/krk] fo'oluh;rk
rFkk O;ogkfjdrk fuHkZj djrh gSA ;g 'kks/k dk;Z dks fn'kk ,oa ekxZ iz'kLr djus ds
fy;s vko';d gSA

¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹

106