GROUP 4

MAESILLE D. NOBLE
HERMIT D. BELANO
JENNELYN MALAYNO

INDEPENDENT SAMPLES ANOVA/ KRUSKAL - WALLIS H TEST

The Problem (from Group 2):

A secondary teacher is interested to know whether the students in the three sections he is handling
differ significantly in their posttest (40-item test) after his intervention in a specific topic in Geometry. The
scores and sections are as follows:
Section A Section B Section C
35 29 24
28 21 26
35 25 26
33 35 36
21 26 25
23 24 26
28 29 30
25 25 28
27 28 39
29 36 38
39 38 26
37 36 36
35 35 29
27 37 24
29 30 32
35 37 27
28 28 29
30 38 39
36 30 34
35 35 35
36 37 38
39 38 38
29 29 28
35 34 38
23 27 28
26 27 28
27 29 35
35 36
28 26
26
 Dependent Variable: Posttest Scores
Independent variable: Sections (A, B & C)

Presentation & Interpretation

Preliminary assumption testing was carried out. An alpha level of 0.05 was used for the
analyses. Data screening shows that there is no outlier within each group. Shapiro - Wilk show
that the residuals are not normally distributed, p = 0.0001, and the distribution is platykurtic
(Kurtosis < 0). The One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) cannot be used because this test is
not robust against the normality assumption, and the platykurtic effect is not tolerable because the
sample size of the two sections (B and C) is lower than 30. It means that certain assumptions
were not met. Therefore, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis H Test was used to test the statistically
significant differences between the posttest scores of the three sections .

Table 1
Mean Rank of Posttest Scores by Section
Section N Mean Ranks
Section A 30 41.43
Section B 29 45.00
Section C 27 44.19
Total 86

A Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in

posttest scores between
the different sections,
with a mean rank posttest score of 41.43 for Section A, 45.00 for
Section B, and 44.19 for Section C

SPSS REPORT
\UNIANOVA Posttest BY Section
    /METHOD=SSTYPE(3)
    /INTERCEPT=INCLUDE
    /SAVE=ZRESID
    /PRINT=HOMOGENEITY
    /CRITERIA=ALPHA(.05)
    /DESIGN=Section.

Levene's Test of Equality of Error Variancesa

Dependent Variable:      Posttest   

F df1 df2 Sig.

.120 2 83 .887

a. R Squared = .003 (Adjusted R Squared = -.021)

EXAMINE VARIABLES=ZRE_1
    /PLOT BOXPLOT STEMLEAF NPPLOT SPREADLEVEL
    /COMPARE GROUPS
    /STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVES EXTREME
    /CINTERVAL 95
    /MISSING LISTWISE
    /NOTOTAL.

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Standardized Residual for

86 100.0% 0 0.0% 86 100.0%
Posttest

Descriptives

Statistic Std. Error

Standardized Residual for Mean .0000 .10656

Posttest 95% Confidence Interval for Lower Bound -.2119
Mean Upper Bound .2119

5% Trimmed Mean .0072

Median -.3193

Variance .976

Std. Deviation .98817

 Minimum -2.00

Maximum 1.64

Range 3.63

Interquartile Range 1.76

Skewness .032 .260

Kurtosis -1.314 .514

Extreme Values

Case Number Value

Standardized Residual for Highest 1 11 1.64

Posttest 2 22 1.64

3 68 1.53

4 77 1.53

5 69 1.33a

Lowest 1 32 -2.00

2 5 -1.88

3 25 -1.49

4 6 -1.49

5 36 -1.41

a. Only a partial list of cases with the value 1.33 are shown in the table of upper
extremes.

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

Standardized Residual for

.169 86 .000 .928 86 .000
Posttest 0.0001
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

Standardized Residual for Posttest

Standardized Residual for Posttest Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Frequency        Stem &    Leaf

          2.00              -1 .    89
        15.00              -1 .    000000122244444
        18.00              -0 .    555566666677788899
        13.00              -0 .    1222333444444
          2.00                0 .    14
        19.00                0 .    5577777888888899999
        13.00                1 . 0011123333333
          4.00                1 .    5566

Stem width:            1.00

Each leaf:              1 case(s)

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Ranks

Section N Mean Rank

Posttest Section A 30 41.43

Section B 29 45.00

Section C 27 44.19

Total 86

Test Statisticsa,b

Posttest

Chi-Square .333
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .847

a. Kruskal Wallis Test