Drone Technology

DRONE TECHNOLOGY IN 2021
Presented By
Abhishek Thakur
Aerospace Engineer | UAVs Services
aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
CONTENT
1. Introduction to drones/UAVs and its types
2. Applications and Uses of drones in various fields
3. How drones are helping us during PANDEMIC
4. Future Scope and Opportunities
INTRODUCTION
A drone, in technological terms, is an unmanned aircraft. Drones are more formally
known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or unmanned aircraft systems (UASs).
Essentially, a drone is a flying robot that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously
through software-controlled flight plans in their embedded systems, working in
conjunction with onboard sensors and GPS.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CONTROLS AND MOTIONS
CONTROLS AND MOTIONS
TYPES OF DRONES
Drones can be classified on a different basis – say based on usage like Drones for
Photography, Drones for aerial Mapping, Drones for Surveillance etc. However, the best
classification of Drones can be made on the basis of aerial platforms. Based on the type
of aerial platform used, there are 4 major types of drones.
Four Major Types of Drone
1.Multi Rotor Drones

2.Fixed Wing Drones
3.Single Rotor Helicopter
4.Fixed Wing Hybrid VTOL
1.Multi Rotor Drones
Multi Rotor drones are the most common types of drones which are used by professionals
and hobbyists alike. They are used for most common applications like aerial photography,
aerial video surveillance etc.
Out of all the 4 drone types (based on aerial platform), multi-rotoraeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com

drones are the easiest to
manufacture and they are the cheapest option available as well. Multi-rotor drones can be
further classified based on the number of rotors on the platform. They are Tricopter (3
rotors), Quadcopter (4 rotors), Hexacopter (6 rotors) and Octocopter (8 rotors). Out of
these, Quadcopters are the most popular and widely used variant.
2.Fixed Wing Drones
Fixed Wing drones are entirely different in design and build to multi-rotor type drones. They use a ‘wing’
like the normal airplanes out there. Unlike multi-rotor drones, fixed wing type models never utilize energy
to stay afloat on air (fixed wing types can’t stand still on the air) fighting gravity.
Most fixed wing drones have an average flying time of a couple of hours. Gas engine powered drones can
fly up to 16 hours or higher. Owing to their higher flying time and fuel efficiency, fixed wing drones are
ideal for long distance operations (be it mapping or surveillance). But they cannot be used for aerial
photography where the drone needs to be kept still on the air for a period of time.
3. Single Rotor Helicopter
Single rotor drones look very similar in design & structure to actual helicopters. Unlike a multi rotor
drone, a single rotor model has just one big sized rotor plus a small sized one on the tail of the drone to
control its heading.
Single rotor drones are much efficient than multi rotor versions. They have higher flying times and can
even be powered by gas engines. In aerodynamics, the lower the count of rotors the lesser will be the
spin of the object. And that’s the big reason why quadcopters are more stable than octocopters. In that
sense, single rotor drones are much efficient than multi-rotor drones.
4.Fixed Wing Hybrid VTOL
These are hybrid versions combining the benefits of Fixed wing models (higher flying time) with that of
rotor based models (hover). This concept has been tested from around 1960’s without much success.
However, with the advent of new generation sensors (gyros and accelerometers), this concept has got
some new life and direction.
Hybrid VTOL’s are a play of automation and manual gliding. A vertical lift isaeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
used to lift the drone up into
the air from the ground. Gyros and accelerometers work in automated mode (autopilot concept) to keep
the drone stabilized in the air. Remote based (or even programmed) manual control is used to guide the
drone on the desired course.
APPLICATION AND USES OF DRONES
In Agriculture
Drones are the future of farming. With greater refinements in drone
technology and implementation we will see the agricultural drone sector
take off. According to Global Markets Insights, Inc. the Agriculture Drones
Market will be valued at $1 billion by 2024.
Drone technology will give the agriculture industry a high-technology

makeover, with planning and strategy based on real-time data gathering
and processing.
MAPPING AND SURVEYING
Drones equipped with near infrared camera sensors allow the drone to see the
spectrum of light that plants use to absorb light for photosynthesis. From this
information, using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) farmers
can understand plant health. Software analysis can be used to change values in
order to reflect the specific crop type and even in which stage of life a specific
crop is in. In addition to crop health, drones can create detailed GPS maps of the
crop field area. This allows farmers to better plan where crops are being planted
to maximize land, water, and fertilizer usage.
CROP DUSTING/SPRAYING
To maintain yields, crops require proper fertilization and pesticide application.

Manually driving a vehicle through the fields to spray or crop dust by manned
airplane to spray are methods of the past. Crop spraying drones can carry large
liquid storage reservoirs, can be operated more safely (even autonomously), and
can be operated and maintained at a fraction of the cost compared to aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
crop
dusters.
IRRIGATION METHOD
Drones equipped with thermal cameras can provide excellent insight into irrigation by
highlighting areas that have pooling water or insufficient soil moisture. These issues can
severely affect crop yields and quality. Thermal drones give farmers a better way to
understand their fields through more frequent inspections and surveying.
LIVE STOCK MONITORING
Drones with thermal imaging cameras allow a single remote pilot in command to monitor
livestock. The operator can check in on the heard to see if there are any injured, missing, or
birthing animals. Drones give livestock farmers a new way to keep an eye on their livestock
at all times, resulting greater profits.
PRECISION AGRICULTURE: THE MODERN AGRICULTURE
Precision farming is about managing variations in the field accurately to grow more food using fewer resources
and reducing production costs.
All aspects of the environment – soil, weather, vegetation, water – vary from place to place. All these factors
determine crop growth and farming success. Farmers have always been aware of this, but they lacked the tools
to measure, map and manage these variations precisely. Thus, precision farming can make a difference to food
production facing the challenge of a rising world population and can help farmers to achieve:aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
•Greater Sustainability and

•Environment Protection
•Higher Productivity
•Economic Benefits
In Aerial Inspection
Drone inspections can dramatically reduce the high costs, safety risks, and time involved with
conventional inspection methods. Since drones are small and inexpensive to operate, you can carry
out more inspections every month than you can with conventional methods, without shutting down
operations and affecting production. In traditional methods, you need to schedule a shutdown and
assemble several workers, vehicles, helicopters, and other inspection equipment, especially for the
energy sector. Also, the mobility, speed, ease of use, and efficiency of drones provides companies with
the opportunity to collect data on a large scale. Since the drones can be used in even the most difficult
areas, it makes it possible to inspect a whole pipeline and its surroundings, just in case there is need to
analyze the extent of a leak.
Through Drones Survey and Thermal Mapping of solar power plants, we
recover all the essential information. Inspecting spot cell defects, cell failure,
dirt on Photovoltaic cells, Interconnection failure degradation of solar cells,
decrease of operational efficiency and much more. aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
Others Applications of Drones
How drones are helping the
WORLD during COVID-19
DRONES IN THE
ERA OF COVID-19
SURVEILLANCE
Drones are used for effective surveillance of
containment zones
The main objective of authorities across the globe right

now is to prevent the spread of the corona virus.
To ensure they are taking unprecedented measures to reduce people-to-people contact.

Most countries took measures like the closure of non-essential public places, ban of mass
gatherings and ensuring a social distancing to limit physical contact. aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
SURVEILLANCE
Drones are used for effective surveillance of
containment zones
The Delhi Police used drones for effective surveillance of containment zones to combat the
threat of coronavirus, a police official said. aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
“During the lockdown period, we hired drones from Aerodyne India. It helped the police in
fighting the pandemic,” Deputy Commissioner of Police (southeast) Rajendra Prasad Meena
said.
He said drones helped policemen to monitor the situation from a safe distance, thereby
ensuring some distancing.
The drones carried both day and night day surveillance and successfully collected data in
the form of images and videos, Meena said
DISINFECTANT
SPRAYING
Drones are used for disinfectant spraying in
containment zones.
To disinfect public spaces and prevent the further spread of COVID-19, health authorities are
deploying agriculture spray drones to carry out tasks like spraying disinfectant in potentially
affected areas. These spraying drones are filled with disinfectants and can cover much more
ground in less time and 50 times faster than traditional methods. According to DJI, the world’s
largest drone maker company, a spraying UAV can carry around 16 Litre of disinfectant and
cover 100,000 sq meter area in an hour
DISINFECTANT
SPRAYING
Drones are used for disinfectant spraying in
containment zones.
These drones are easy to operate, inexpensive and can be quickly mobilized, in addition to
reducing the risk of health and sanitation workers getting exposed to both the virus and the
disinfectant. In addition to China, countries like India, Indonesia, Philippines, Colombia, Chile,
and the UAE have successfully used disinfecting drones to control the spread of coronavirus.
In Europe, Spain was the first country to use agriculture drones for disinfecting large public
places
MEDICINE AND
GROCERY DELIVERIES
Drones are used for medicine and grocery deliveries
Doctors and hospitals need medical supplies and laboratory testing more than ever, and
drones are the safest and fastest ways to deliver medical supplies and transport samples
from hospitals to laboratories. In Wuhan, the epicenter of the pandemic, a drone is used to
deliver medical supplies in the hospital. This technology not only speeds up delivery of
essential medical supplies and samples but also reduces the risk of exposure to medical staff
and making a major difference in efforts to combat the disease
MEDICINE AND
GROCERY DELIVERIES
Drones are used for medicine and grocery deliveries
Apart from medical supplies, drones are also being used as delivering groceries in some parts
of China, the US, and Australia. In the US, Alphabet Inc.’s Wing has seen an increase in the
number of drone deliveries in Christiansburg, Virginia after the coronavirus outbreak. These
become particularly useful in red zones where outside physical contact should be minimum
BROADCAST
Drones are used for broadcasting especially in rural
areas
Authorities are also using drones to broadcast messages and information about lockdown
measures, especially an in rural area that lacks open communication channels for health
information. Drones equipped with loudspeakers are used to make public announcements to
keep people indoors, take necessary precautions, make social-distancing and wear a mask if
stepping outside from home. China and many European countries are using drones for
broadcasting messages to public.
A Global Times video on twitter
shows a drone hovering over a
village in Inner Mongolia, warning
old lady with audio in Chinese “Yes
grandmother, it’s the drone who is
talking to you. You should not go out
without wearing a mask. You’d better
go home and don’t forget to wash
your hands,”
https://twitter.com/i/status/12
23218977570078721
OTHER USES OF DRONE IN COVID-19
Temperature Check
Payload carrier (less movement of humans) aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
Real time data monitoring
In Wuhan, drones were also used as a light source in the construction site of a temporary
hospital. A construction company, Geek Bridge International has used six lighting drones,
hovers 50 meters above the ground. The lightning range of drones can cover area up to
6,000 square meters and can be continuously illuminated for 10 hours on a single
charge.
One of best advantage of UAVs during pandemic is CHECKING THE TEMPERATURE

of people.
Since people were worried of catching the infection, to avoid the face to face
contact, authorities are using drones equipped with infrared cameras to measure
the temperature of people.
How Drones Helping India In Fight Against Coronavirus
During the initial days of the lockdown, drones were used by the Jammu and Kashmir administration
to announce restrictions on movement of people in Srinagar's busy Lal Chowk.
Delhi Police is also using drones to monitor people's movements in Ghazipur Mandi, which witnesses
a steady stream of buyers throughout the day. aeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com
The municipal corporation of Warangal in Telangana has collaborated with a private company,
Binford Robotics, to deploy its UAVs for surveillance and spraying disinfectants in the city.
Gujarat Police is using 200 drones across the state to monitor people's movements.
Delhi Police has deployed them to ensure people follow social distancing in Asia's largest fruit and
vegetable wholesale market Azadpur Mandi.
Municipal authorities in Madurai are utilising them to disinfect areas near the coronavirus wing of a
city hospital
According to experts, as the number of coronavirus cases in the country mounts, the use of the UAVs
is also expected to rise.
FUTURE OF DRONE INDUSTRY
According to data provided by Stockholm International

Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India tops the list of drone-
importing nations with 22.5% of the world’s unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAV) imports.
With such advancements the job market has opened doors
for pilots as well as engineers and developers
OPPORTUNITIES IN DRONE INDUSTRY
Utilities: Using drones to inspect powerlines, telephone towers and wind turbines without
needing to employ several people, cranes and cherry pickers
Mining: Drones are already commonplace and are used to measure stock piles of minerals
in hours, rather than days. Also used for surveying work and environmental impact research
Fast Food Delivery: Big companies such as Domino's Pizza will be looking to invest in drones
for pizza delivery in the future
Package Delivery: Australia Post and Amazon are already investing in drone technology as a
way of delivering packages
Trades: Being able to inspect things from a height, such as a solar panel output, leaking
roofs and guttering.
Real Estate: Panoramic aerial footage of properties to show investors new opportunities or
create marketing videos
Wedding photography: Aerial videography of weddings is set to become the next big thing
and will allow couples to capture diverse and creative footage of their special day
Aerial Services: Surveillance, Mapping etc.
THANK YOU

Drone Technology

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DRONE TECHNOLOGY IN 2021

Four Major Types of Drone

1.Multi Rotor Drones

Out of all the 4 drone types (based on aerial platform), multi-rotoraeroabhishekthakur@gmail.com

Drone technology will give the agriculture industry a high-technology

To maintain yields, crops require proper fertilization and pesticide application.

•Greater Sustainability and

The main objective of authorities across the globe right

To ensure they are taking unprecedented measures to reduce people-to-people contact.

Real time data monitoring

One of best advantage of UAVs during pandemic is CHECKING THE TEMPERATURE

According to data provided by Stockholm International

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