SENTENCES

2 Types of Sentences in Arabic:

1. ‫جملة االسمية‬

2. ‫جملة الفعلية‬
‫جملة االسمية‬
‫‪Components Of A Sentence:‬‬
‫مبتدأ ‪1.‬‬
‫مرفوع )‪a‬‬
‫اسم ‪ +‬اسم )‪b‬‬
‫اسم ‪ +‬حرف نصب )‪c‬‬

‫خب ‪2.‬‬
‫)‪a‬‬ ‫مرفوع ‪Second‬‬
‫)‪b‬‬ ‫جملة االسمية ‪Another‬‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫متعلق بالخب‬

‫جر مجرور ‪a.‬‬
‫مضف ‪b. Special‬‬
 ‫ – جملة االسمية‬NORMAL STRUCTURE
Normal Structure:
‫ متعلق بالخب‬+ ‫ خب‬+ ‫مبتدأ‬

:‫اختصاص‬
‫ مبتدأ‬+‫متعلق بالخب‬

‫وعنده مفاتح الغيب‬

And with Him ONLY/EXCLUSIVELY Are the Keys to The Unseen
‫يف قلوب هم مرض‬
In Their Hearts, Is A Sickness. (‫ مرض‬is ‫)نكرة‬

‫ خب‬+ ‫ متعلق بالخب‬+ ‫مبتدأ‬

1. ‫( االهتمام‬Giving Importance – Showing Extra Interest)
2. ‫( التوكيد‬Emphasis)
✓ When It Is Before => ‫مقدم‬
✓ The Thing It Comes Later => ‫مؤخر‬
‫جملة الفعلية‬
Components Of A Sentence:

1. ‫فعل‬

2. ‫( فاعل‬Doer)

3. ‫( مفعول‬Detail)

4. ‫“( المتعلق بالفعل‬Related To” / “Associated With” The ‫)فعل‬

THE INVISIBLE “IS”:
1. Between ‫)انا مسلم( ضمائر‬

2. Pointers + No ‫)هذا بلد( ال‬

3. After ‫)ان هللا رحيم( حرف نصب‬

4. ‫ معرفة‬+ ‫)محمد رسول هللا( نكرة‬

5. In Longs Ayahs, Where There is a break.

SPECIAL ‫ جملة الفعلية‬STRUCTURE:
‫ مفعول‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ فعل‬- Normal Structure

Sometimes the ‫ مفعول به‬comes before the ‫فعل‬. It may come with a ‫إيا‬. This emphasizes the sentence giving an
extra meaning “only” or “alone”. ‫ مفعول فيه‬changes position without adding meanings. ‫متعلق بالفعل‬, ‫& مفعول‬
‫ فعل‬can interchange positions and affect the meaning.

َ َّ َ ُ ُ ْ َ َ َّ
ُُ‫اك َس ْس َتع‬
ِ ‫ِإياك نعبد و ِإي‬
We worship You alone and we rely on You alone.
 ِّ‫ف َم َحل‬
ْ [IN STATE OF]
‫ِي‬
َ َ َ
‫ما ذهب ِمنء مسلم‬
‫ف َم َح ِّل رفع‬
ْ ‫فاعل‬
‫ِي‬
‫ماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫ما نافية فعل‬
Not A Single Muslim Went.
A DOER IS ALWAYS ‫مرفوع‬. BUT HERE, DUE TO HARF OF JAR, IT IS ‫مجرور‬. WE SOLVE SUCH CASES WITH ‫يف‬
‫(محل‬IN STATE OF).
So, Basically That’s The Idea. There Are Various Cases Where We EXPECT ‫مرفوع‬, ‫منصوب‬, ‫مجرور‬. But If Other Cases Clash
And We See The ‫ اعرب‬Is Not The Same As Expected We Say:
______ Fee Mahalli “Expected I’rab”. So For The Example Above:

‫ف َم َح ِّل رفع‬
ْ ‫فاعل‬
‫ِي‬
 ّ
MORE ON ‫ف محل‬
‫ي‬
➢ SO FAR, WE’VE USED WORDS AS ‫مرفوع‬, ‫منصوب‬, ‫مجرور‬, ‫صفة‬, ‫ مضف‬ETC. BUT FROM NOW ON, WE
WILL ALSO IDENTIFY A WHOLE SENTENCE AS ‫مرفوع‬, ‫منصوب‬, ‫مجرور‬, ‫صفة‬, ‫ مضف‬ETC.
➢ IT’S NOT HARD EVEN THOUGH IT SOUNDS COMPLEX. BUT SINCE WE’RE GOING ADVANCED, WE
HAVE TO GET USED TO THIS. IN THIS VIDEO, WE’LL GO THROUGH DIFFERENT TYPES OF
EXAMPLES.
➢ SUCH ANALYSIS ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN ALL ONLINE OR GENERAL ‫ اعرب‬APPS. SO FOR FURTHER
RESEARCH, YOU MAY STUDY ADVANCED NAHW BOOKS. SOME ARE AVAILABLE IN THE HUGE
ISLAMIC LIBRARY OF THIS CHANNEL.
 ّ
‫يف محل مرفوع‬

• WE KNOW THAT ‫ خب & مبتدأ‬ARE ALWAYS ‫مرفوع‬. A ‫ مبتدأ‬CAN NOT BE A SENTENCE BUT THE ‫خب‬
CAN BE A SENTENCE. IN FACT, MOST OF THE TIMES ‫ الخب‬IS A SENTENCE.
• ّ
SO WHEN ‫ خب‬APPEARS AS A SENTENCE, THAT SENTENCE WILL BE ‫محل مرفوع‬ ‫ ي‬NOTE THAT
‫ف‬.
THE SENTENCE CAN BE BOTH ‫جملة فعلية & جملة اسمي‬.
• BESIDES, IF THE ‫ موصوف‬IS ‫رفع‬, THEN IT CAN HAVE A SENTENCE AS A ‫ صفة‬WHICH WILL BE
‫مرفوع‬.
 ّ
‫يف محل منصوب‬

• A ‫ مفعول به‬CAN APPEAR AS A SENTENCE. IN THAT CASE, THE SENTENCE IS ‫يف‬

ّ
‫محل نصب‬.
• A SENTENCE CAN BE A ‫ حال‬ITSELF, THAT WILL ALSO BE ‫محل نصب‬
ّ ‫ف‬.
‫ي‬
• BESIDES, IF THE ‫ موصوف‬IS ‫نصب‬, THEN IT CAN HAVE A SENTENCE AS A ‫صفة‬
WHICH WILL BE ‫منصوب‬.
 ّ
‫يف محل مجرور‬

• AS YOU MIGHT HAVE GUESSED, ‫ مضاف إليه‬CAN APPEAR AS A SENTENCE. THAT

ّ
SENTENCE WILL BE ‫محل مجرور‬ ‫ف‬.
‫ي‬
• ‫ حرف جر‬CAN SOMETIMES PUSH A WHOLE SENTENCE TO ‫محل جر‬ ّ ‫ف‬.
‫ي‬
• BESIDES, IF THE ‫ موصوف‬IS ‫جر‬, THEN IT CAN HAVE A SENTENCE AS A ‫صفة‬
WHICH WILL BE ‫مجرور‬.
 QUOTE SENTENCE
QUOTE SENTENCES START WITH ‫قال‬. THIS REQUIRES TWO THINGS. SOMEONE I’LL SPEAK TO & SOMETHING TO SAY. THESE
َ ٌ
ُ ‫ َمق‬.
TWO THINGS ARE ‫مفعول‬. THE THING THAT IS SAID IS CALLED ‫ول القول‬

BUT WHAT IF I SAY, “ IT WAS SAID, GO ATTEND THAT SEMINAR”?

IF A ‫ مجهول‬IS USED THEN THE ‫ مقول القول‬BECOMES ‫ناءب الفاعل‬.
َّ
‫قالوا آمنا‬
ُ ُ َ َ
‫ِقيل لهم ِآمنوا‬
Note: The ‫ مقول القول‬Is Always ‫يف محل نصب‬
‫‪QUOTE SENTENCE‬‬
‫ماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫مضارع‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫قالوا‬ ‫قاال‬ ‫قال‬ ‫يقولون‬ ‫يقوالن‬
‫ِ‬ ‫يقول‬
‫ُ َ‬
‫قلنا‬ ‫قالتا‬ ‫قالت‬ ‫ُيق ْلنَ‬ ‫والن‬
‫تق ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُتقولُ‬
‫ُق ُلتمْ‬ ‫ُق ُلتماَ‬ ‫ُقلتَ‬ ‫ُ ُ َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُتقولُ‬
‫تقولون‬ ‫والن‬‫تق ِ‬
‫ُق ُلَُّ‬ ‫ُ ُ‬
‫قلتما‬ ‫ق ِ‬
‫لت‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُتق ْلنَ‬ ‫والن‬ ‫تق ِ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُتقولَُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ُ َ‬ ‫ُقلتُ‬ ‫َن ُقولُ‬ ‫ُأقولُ‬
‫قلنا‬
‫ حال( جملة حالية‬SENTENCE)
WE LEARNT BEFORE THAT ‫ حال‬ANSWERS “HOW”. THAT’S THE IDEA. SOMETIMES ‫ حال‬CAN APPEAR AS A SENTENCE. THE
SENTENCE WILL BE ‫ف محل منصوب‬.
‫ ي‬ONE THING WE NEED TO LEARN HERE IS THAT A ‫ حال‬SENTENCE REQUIRES A ‫ و‬BEFORE
IT. THAT ‫ و‬IS SPECIAL. IT’S CALLED ‫الواو الحالية‬.

ُ‫إ ْذ َن َادى َو ُه َو َم ْك ُظوم‬

ِ
When He Called Out, While He Was Distressed.

Note The ‫ و‬Is Translated As ‘While’ Instead Of ‘And’.

WE DID SOME SPECIAL MUDAF IN ALREADY. THEY DON’T GIVE THE MEANING ‘OF’ AS EXPECTED FROM A ‫مضاف‬
ُ
‫اليه‬. THOSE SPECIAL MUDAFS ARE CALLED ‘‫’ظ ُروف‬. IT INDICATES TIME OR PLACE. IT APPEARS AS ‫متعلق با لخب‬.
THEY DO NOT OCCUR AS ‫مبتدأ‬. THERE ARE 4 OF THEM THOUGH WHICH ARE NOT ‫ظرف‬. THESE ARE:

ْ
‫ إذ‬- When(Makes Meaning Past) ُّ‫ َأي‬- Which
َ - The Day On Which
‫يوم‬ ُ‫ َغب‬- Other Than

Why Is ‫ إذ‬On The Left Red? It’s So Because It Always Need A Sentence As It’s ‫مظاف اليه‬. You Can Tell That By Looking At The
Meaning. َ
‫ إذ‬- When(Makes Meaning Future)
WE RECALL ‫ موصوف و صفة‬AS NOUN ADJECTIVES WHERE ‫ صفة‬IS THE ADJECTIVE. AS YOU CAN GUESS
THAT IT CAN BE A SENTENCE AS WELL. BUT SENTENCE CAN’T HAVE ALL 4 PROPERTIES OF ISM. SO
IT WILL TAKE ON THE ‫(اعرب‬STATUS) ONLY AS WE DISCUSSED IN THE ‫ف محل‬.
‫ ي‬IT WILL BE THE SAME
ٌ‫كش َج َرة َط ِّي َبة َأ ْص ُل َها ثابت‬
AS THE I’RAB OF THE ‫موصوف‬.
َ
َ َ َ
‫ جار مجرور‬-‫كشجرة‬
Like A Good Tree, Whose Roots Are Firm.
َ ِّ َ َ َ َ
‫ موصوف و صفة‬-‫شجرة طيبة‬
ٌ َ ُ ْ َ
The ‫ صفة‬After The Pronoun Is A Sentence. It Itself Is A ‫ صفة‬To The ‫ صفة‬- ‫أصلها ثابت‬
Primary ‫طيبة صفة‬.
THIS IS ANOTHER TYPE OF SENTENCES TRANSLATED AS ‘CONDITIONAL SENTENCES’. NATURALLY, THEY
ALWAYS NEED A CONDITION TO WORK. E.G. IF A GOES, B WILL GO. SO B WON’T GO UNLESS A GOES. THE
INITIAL PART IS THE ‫شط‬.‫ ر‬IF ‫ رشط‬OCCURS THEN THE PART THAT WILL OCCUR IS ‫الشط‬
‫جواب ر‬. TOGETHER THEY
MAKE UP THE ‫جملة رشط‬.

َ ْ َ ْ
‘Whatever’ - ‫ما‬ ‘Whenever’- ‫من‬ ‘If’ - ‫ِان‬
‘Had ___ Happened’ - ‫لو‬ ‘If & When’ - ‫ِاذا‬

‫ جواب ر‬Majroor. The Black Ones Don’t Do So.

RED? Well The Red One Makes It’s ‫الشط‬
‫‪QUR’AN TIME‬‬
‫َ َ َ َ ْ ُ ه َ َْْ ُ‬
‫اَّلل والفتح‬
‫ِإذا جاء نْص ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اَّلل أف َواجاً‬ ‫ه‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ين ِ‬ ‫ورأيت الناس يدخلون ِ يف ِد ِ‬
‫ان َت َّواباً‬‫َ َ ِّ ْ َ ْ َ ِّ َ َ ْ َ ْ ْ ُ َّ ُ َ َ‬
‫فسبح ِبحم ِد ربك واستغ ِفره ۚ ِإنه ك‬