1. What is the differences between Amoral and Moral managers?

Amoral managers Moral managers

Intentional amoral management and
unintentional amoral
management.
- Intentional Amoral Management:
Intentionally amoral managers do
not factor ethical considerations into
their decisions, actions, and
behaviors because they believe
business activity resides outside the
sphere to which moral judgments
apply.
- Unintentional Amoral Management:
Unintentionally amoral managers do
not think about business activity in
ethical terms, but for different
reasons. These managers are simply
casual about, careless about, or
inattentive to the fact that their
decisions and actions may have
negative or deleterious effects on
others. These managers lack ethical
perception and moral awareness.
They have no “moral sense.”
- Moral management conforms to the
highest standards of ethical
behavior or professional standards
of conduct.
- Moral management pursues its
objectives of profitability, legality,
and ethics as both required and
desirable.
- Moral management would not
pursue profits at the expense of the
law and sound ethics.
- The law would be viewed as a
minimal standard of ethical behavior
because moral management strives
to operate at a level above what the
law mandates.

2. Distinguish the three models of management ethics.

3. Identify the 6 stages of moral development.

- Stage 1: is the reaction to-punishment stage. If you want a child to do something (such
as stay out of the street) at a very early age, scolding or disciplining often is needed. The
child’s orientation at this stage is toward the avoidance of pain.
- Stage 2: is the seeking of-rewards stage. The youngster begins to see some connection
between being “good” (i.e., doing what Mom or Dad wants the child to do) and some
reward that may be forthcoming. The reward may be parental praise or something
tangible, such as ice cream, extra TV time, or getting to use Mom or Dad’s iPad.
 - Stage 3: The “good boy/nice girl” morality stage. The young person learns that there are
some rewards (such as feelings of acceptance, trust, loyalty, or friendship) for living up to
what is expected by family and peers, so the individual begins to conform to what is
generally expected of a good son, daughter, sister, brother, friend, and so on.
- Stage 4: The law-and-order morality stage. The individual now recognizes that there are
certain norms in society (in school, in the theater, in the mall, in stores, in the car, waiting in
line) that are expected or needed if society is to function in an orderly fashion.
- Stage 5: The social-contract orientation. At this stage, right action is

thought of in terms of general individual rights and standards that have been

critically examined and agreed upon by society as a whole. Social contracts

have influence.

- Stage 6 : The universal-ethical-principle orientation. The individual uses his

or her thinking and conscience in accord with self-chosen ethical principles

that are anticipated to be universal, comprehensive, and consistent. These

universal principles (e.g., the Golden Rule) might be focused on such ideals as

justice, human rights, reciprocity, and social welfare.

4. What can be the sources of Different Sources of a Person’s Values? Applying to your
situation and give relevant samples for each source.