Additional Mathematics Module Form 4

Chapter 4- Simultaneous Equations SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

CHAPTER 4- SIMULATANEOUS EQUATIONS

4.1 INTRODUCTION
1. In Form Three, we have learned about to solve simultaneous equations between two linear equations
with two unknowns.
2. In Form Four, we will learn about to solve simultaneous equations between linear equation and non-
linear equation which is quadratic equation with two unknowns.

4.2 SOLVING SIMULTANOUS EQUATIONS

Example 1 :
Given x − y = 6 and x 2 − 7 x + 10 = y . Solve the equation.

Solution:
x− y =6
y = x−6 1

x 2 − 7 x + 10 = y 2

Substitute 1 into 2 ,

x 2 − 7 x + 10 = x − 6
x 2 − 8 x + 16 = 0
( x − 4)( x − 4) = 0
x=4

Substitute x = 4 into 1 ,

y = 4−6
y = −2

Example 2:
The straight line y = 6 − 2 x intersects the curve y 2 + xy − 8 = 0 at points A and B. Find the
coordinates of points A and B.

Solution:
y = 6 − 2x 1

y 2 + xy − 8 = 0 2

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 4- Simultaneous Equations SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

Substitute 1 into 2 ,
2
(6 − 2 x ) + x (6 − 2 x ) − 8 = 0
4 x 2 − 24 x + 36 + 6 x − 2 x 2 − 8 = 0
2 x 2 − 18 x + 28 = 0 simplify
x 2 − 9 x + 14 = 0
( x − 7)( x − 2) = 0
x = 7 or x = 2

Substitute x = 7 , x = 2 into 1 ,

(i) x = 7
y = 6 − 2(7) (7,-8)
y = −8

(ii) x = 2
y = 6 − 2(2) (2, 2)
y=2
The coordinates of point A and point B are (2, 2) and (7,-8)

Example 3:
Given A (-2h, 5k) is the solution to the simultaneous equations x 2 + y 2 = 5 and x + 2 y = 3 , find the
values of h and k.

Solution:
Method 1
From the coordinate (-2h, 5k),-2h is the value for x and 5k is the value for y. Hence change the terms x
and y with -2h and 5k respectively.

(−2h) 2 + (5k ) 2 = 5
4h 2 + 25k 2 = 5 1

(−2h) + 2(5k ) = 3
10k − 2h = 3
10k − 3
h= 2
2

Substitute 2 into 1 ,
10k − 3 2
4( ) + 25k 2 = 5
2

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 4- Simultaneous Equations SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

100k 2 − 60k + 9
4( ) + 25k 2 = 5
4
simplify
2 2
100k − 60k + 9 + 25k = 5
125k 2 − 60k + 4 = 0
(25k − 2)(5k − 2) = 0
25k − 2 = 0 or 5k − 2 = 0
2 2
k= or k =
25 5

2 2
Substitute k = , k = into 2 ,
25 5

2
(i) k =
25
2
10( ) − 3
h= 25
2
1
h = −1
10

2
(ii) k =
5
2
10( ) − 3
h= 5
2
1
h=
2

Method 2
x2 + y2 = 5 1

x + 2y = 3
x = 3 − 2y 2

Substitute 2 into 1 ,
2 2
(3 − 2 y ) + y = 5
4 y 2 − 12 y + 9 + y 2 = 5
5 y 2 − 12 y + 4 = 0
(5 y − 2)( y − 2) = 0

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 4- Simultaneous Equations SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

5 y − 2 = 0 or y − 2 = 0
2
y= or y = 2
5
2
Substitute y = , y = 2 into 2 ,
5
2
(i) y =
5
2
x = 3 − 2( )
5
1
x=2
5

(ii) y = 2
x = 3 − 2(2)
x = −1

From the coordinate (-2h, 5k),-2h is the value for x and 5k is the value for y.

Hence, Compare the actual

1 value of x with the given
(i) − 2h = 2 − 2h = −1
5
1 1
h = −1 h=
10 2

2
(ii) 5k = 5k = 2
5
2 2
k= k=
25 5

Example 4:
Find the range of values of m so that the straight line y = 2mx − 7 intersects the curve y = x 2 + 2 at
two different points.

Solution:
y = 2mx − 7 1

y = x2 + 2 2

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 Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 4- Simultaneous Equations SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

Substitute 1 into 2
2
2mx − 7 = x + 2
x 2 − 2mx + 9 = 0

If 1 and 2 intersect at two points,

2
b − 4ac > 0

(−2m) 2 − 4a(1)(9) > 0

4m 2 − 36 > 0
m2 − 9 > 0

Let
m2 − 9 = 0
m2 = 9
m = ±3

-3 3 m

If m 2 − 9 > 0 , the range of values of m is m < −3 , m > 3 .

CHAPTER REVIEW EXERCISE

1. Solve the following simultaneous equations:
(a) x + y = 12 and y 2 = 8 x + 9 (b) 3 p + q = 11 and ( p + 1)(q + 2) = 2
2. Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the straight line 2 y = 10 − x and the curve
2y2 + x = 7y .
3. The sum of two numbers is 7 and the sum of the square of two numbers is 29. Find the two numbers.
4. Given that (2, 1) is one of the solutions of the simultaneous equations 2 x + py = 4 and
x 2 + ky + 2 x = 11 , where p and k are constants, find the value of p and of k and the other solution.
5. Solve the simultaneous equations 2 x − y = 5 and y = x 2 − 6 x + 11 .
6. Solve the equation 2 x + 3 y = 12 x 2 + 6 xy = 1 .

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